A Novel Method for Transit Time Parameter Extraction. Taking into Account the Coupling Between DC and AC Characteristics

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1 A Novel Method for Transit Time Parameter Extraction Taking into Account the Coupling Between DC and AC Characteristics Dominique BEGE and Didier CELI STMicroelectronics, 850, rue jean Monnet F Cedex HICUM user s meeting September 30, 2001 Minneapolis, MN 1

2 Outline ˆ Introduction ˆ Extraction issues Classic extraction strategy DC-AC coupling through main characteristics ˆ A novel extraction strategy Static parameters correction Improvements on current gain and output characteristics ˆ Conclusion ˆ eferences 2

3 Introduction 7KH#$LP#I#WKLV#SUHVHQWDWLQ#LV To present a single device extraction strategy of the main HICUM model parameters. Î Main parameters are: #DC parameters used for the modelling of the transfer current #AC parameters like transit time parameters modelling both the DC and AC behaviour of the transistor proposed a new extraction strategy to solve this coupling between AC & DC parameters To present the results obtained using measurement on NPN transistor fabricated within a 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology of STMicroelectronics To present critical points we have encountered with this method 3

4 Classic Extraction Strategy [1] Depletion capacitances & series resistances = f πf I T c Characteristic Transfer current parameters c 10, Q p0, h jci assuming h jei =1 transit time at low bias τ 0, τ 0h, τ bvl critical current ICK ci0, Vlim, Vces, Vpt Base current parameters I EIS, I BEIS m EI =2, m BEI =1 transit time at high current τ Ef0, gτe, ahc, τ hcs 4

5 f T and Transit time 8e+10 3e-11 7e e-11 6e+10 5e+10 2e-11 V BC ft [Hz] 4e+10 tf [s] 1.5e-11 V BC 3e+10 1e-11 2e+10 1e+10 5e I C [A] I C [A] V BC = -1.5, -1, -0.5, -0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5 V ˆ The inaccuracy on cx and on the split of depletion capacitance, specially the Base-Emitter capacitance, affect strongly the fit of the f T peak and its low injection behaviour. ˆ Transit time extraction method have been tested from simulated data, the extracted set of parameters corresponds with the initial one validation of the proposed method. 5

6 Gain and Output Characteristics BETA(IC) name :NN111A128 IC(VCE) name :NN111A e e+02 breakdown parameter not yet extracted 2.00e-02 BETA Meas. and Simu. 1.00e e e e+01 IC (A) Meas. and Simu. 1.50e e e e e+00 wrong estimation of Q p0 1e-09 1e-08 1e-07 1e-06 1e IC (A) VBC (V) V BC = 5.00E-01,-1.00E+00 =-1.5, -1, -0.5, -0.25, 0, step 0.25, = E-01 [V] 0.00e VCE (V) IB I B = (A) 8e-6, = 8.00E-06, 1.6e-5, 3.2e-5, 3.20E-04 8e-5, 1.6e-4, step = 3.2e E-05 [A] ˆ The lack of accuracy on the onset of high injection effect comes from the inadequate evaluation of the effective knee current I Keff which can be approximated in this region by the ratio: Q p0 I Keff = τ f0 Inadequate Q p0 gives a wrong value for I Keff, τ f0 coming from f T curves. 6

7 Transfer current parameters extraction issue ˆ The classic transfer current extraction must be review, specially the assumption h jei =1. c ˆ 10 Q p0 h jci This direct extraction provides the ratios , and which allow to define the saturation h jei h jei h jei c 10 h jei c 10 current I s = = I s is independent of h jei. h jei Q p0 Q p0 V BC =0V I C (V BE ) characteristic V BEi c V BCi exp exp V T V T I T = Q p0 + h jei Q + h JEi jci Q + Q JCi FT V BE =0.7V I C (V BC ) characteristic from V BEi exp c V 10 T Q p0 Q JEi = h jei I T h jei from Q p0 h jci Q Q h jei JEi h JCi jei = VBEi VBCi c VT VT 10 e e h jei I T gives c = r1 h jei & Q p = r2 h jei gives h jci = r3 h jei 7

8 Static Correction from Transit time parameters tf0 = 2.039E-12 s V BC = 0.000E+00 BETA(IC) name :NN111A e e+02 2e e+02 1/(2* /Symbol=p*f T ) [s] [s] 2πf T 1.5e-11 1e-11 BETA Meas. and Simu. 1.20e e e e % 5e e e /I C [A-1] 0.00e+00 1e-10 1e-09 1e-08 1e-07 1e-06 1e IC (A) VBC (V) = 0.00E+00 τ 0 Q p0 = I Keff τ 0 I Keff h jei new = Q p r2 c 10 new = h jei new r1 h jci new = h jei new r3 8

9 Forward current gain and output characteristics BETA(IC) name :NN111A128 IC(VCE) name :NN111A e e e-02 BETA Meas. and Simu. 8.00e e e+01 IC (A) Meas. and Simu. 1.50e e e+01 Better estimation of Q p0 5.00e-03 1e-07 1e-06 1e IC (A) VBC (V) V= BC 5.00E-01,-1.00E+00 =-1.5, -1, -0.5, -0.25, 0, step 0.25, = E-01 [V] 0.00e VCE (V) IB I B (A) = 8e-6, = 1.00E-07, 1.6e-5, 3.2e-5, 3.20E-04 8e-5, step 1.6e-4, = 3.2e E-05 [A] Avalanche breakdown parameters are not extracted. The fit in the circle range is better than the previous comparisons shown in slide 6 The I Keff current is arbitrary determined. The value of h jei can be discussed (physical point of view : h jei =3.5). 9

10 New proposed extraction strategy Depletion capacitances & series resistances Base current parameters [1] I EIS, I BEIS m EI =2, m BEI =1 Transfer current ratio c , Q h p0 jci , h jei h h jei jei Transit time at low bias [1], [2] τ 0, τ 0h, τ bvl Effective knee current from β(i C ) fall off critical current ICK [1], [2] ci0, Vlim, Vces, Vpt transit time at high current from [1], [2] τ Ef0, g τe, a hc, τ hcs NO Transfer current parameters c 10, Q p0, h jei, h jci ICH I C (V CE ) fit YES END 10

11 Conclusion We propose an improved extraction strategy to solve the coupling between DC and AC parameters (c 10, Q p0, h jei, h jci,τ 0,...) by estimating Q p0 at high density of currents from the τ 0 value and defining an effective knee current I Keff. A more accurate method to define the effective knee current must be developed. Criterium to be found in order to avoid extraction loops between f T and output characteristics. The physical meaning of h jei can be discussed but the following extraction strategy gives a suitable fit between theory and measurements for DC & AC characteristics. These comparisons could be certainly improved by a best evaluation of the serie resistance (cx) and of the split of the depletion capacitances. The scalability of the extracted parameters need to be verified. 11

12 EFEENCE [1] D. Berger, D. Céli, N. Gambetta, T. Burdeau: HICUM Parameters Extraction Methods, HICUM workshop, June 14/ , Dresden. [2] B. Ardouin, et al.: Transit Time Parameters Extraction for the HICUM Bipolar Compact Model, Proceedings of the Bipolar Circuits and Technology Meeting, Minneapolis,

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