APPROVED FOR PUBLIC DISCLOSURE. NORTH ATLANTIC MILITARY COMMITTEE COMITE MILITAIRE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD Standing Group

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "APPROVED FOR PUBLIC DISCLOSURE. NORTH ATLANTIC MILITARY COMMITTEE COMITE MILITAIRE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD Standing Group"

Dale Waters
5 years ago
Views:

n v 9 COPY NO. NORTH ATLANTIC MILITARY COMMITTEE COMITE MILITAIRE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD Standing Group Groupe Permanent `v <7* REGRADED NATO UNCLASSIFIED Per Authority IMSM-431-99 By J& L Q.L & Q &.

1 n v 9 COPY NO. NORTH ATLANTIC MILITARY COMMITTEE COMITE MILITAIRE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD Standing Group Groupe Permanent `v <7* REGRADED NATO UNCLASSIFIED Per Authority IMSM By J& L Q.L & Q &.. Date L?.Q SGM September 1959 Pages 1 MEMORANDUM FOR THE STANDING GROUP REPRESENTATIVE SUBJECT: References : 1959 Annual Review: Military Comments and Recommendations - PORTUGAL a. C-M b. C-M c_ MC fo (Final) d. MC 55/1 (Final) e. SGM-37Ö-59 f. SHAPE/96/59 AG 21OO PROG (Portugal), 11 Aug 59 i? g. SACLANT SER C-751, 10 Aug 59 K. SGM In accordance with references a, b and e_, the Standing Group forwards herewith the military comments and recommendations on Portugal. The remarks contained In paragraphs 1-5 of reference h apply equally in the case of this country. 2. The Standing Group notes that the current military study on Portugal resulting from the implementation of the Resolution on Defence (C-M(58)l7O), is now under preparation. The conclusions therefrom, which will be issued later, may ha ve an influence on some of the comments or recommendations. m NM THE STANDING GROUP: i r REGRADED n... DOCUMENT RECLASS SFI CAT t ON MEMO, # rer Authority By - HVF:McC i.--- Date. IMS Control N 2 ENCLOSURES 1. Mil comments - Portugal 2. Final list of mil recommendations H. V. FRASER Colonel, British Army Deputy Secretary DISTRIBUTION: Al-13 B2 5 8 d 4 (279 Eng. 114 Fr. for distribut; as indicated in STAND 3235) E1O F Gl 2 3 J3 l4 i ^-

2 M f i ) E N C L O S U R E 1 P a g e s 1 i/o P w (ST M I L I T A R Y C O M M E N T S O N P O R T U G A L M A J O R N A T O C O M M A N D E R S ' C O M M E N T S O N P O R T U G A L T h e S t a n d i n g G r o u p n o t e d S H A P E a n d S A C L A N T c o m m e n t s o n P o r t u g a l c o n t a i n e d a t A p p e n d i c e s A a n d B. S G M E n c l o s u r e 1 ft

Reproduced by SO fro» Copy 19 of SHAPE/96/59 AO 2100 PROG (Portugal) dated 11 August 1959. Annex I to SKA?E/96/59 I, GENïïKAL APPENDIX A Pages 1-4. IpoI. PORTUGAL SO COPY NO.

3 Reproduced by SO fro» Copy 19 of SHAPE/96/59 AO 2100 PROG (Portugal) dated 11 August Annex I to SKA?E/96/59 I, GENïïKAL APPENDIX A Pages 1-4. IpoI. PORTUGAL SO COPY NO. This document corbist8 ofj* pages. - M y S-"" "'"fp" -J - T O B TC COWTOL 'OPFICEH, SATO M 1 J i ATo 1. SHAPE notes with pleasure that th e Portuguese(authorities contemplate a reorganization of the 3rd Infantry Division and the modernization of the equipment of the Portuguese ^ATO contribution. However, SHAPE is concerned th»t Portugal also contemplates the reduction or elimination of the balanced nonorganic support so necessary to major formations, SÏL-iPü considers that Portugal should take no decision in this regard pending final determination of reorganization plans and the attendant review of support rcqv.iraiaen ts. 2. In order to assist the Portuguese Government in its dsfor.se planning, S.11APE is currently developing recommendations for presentation to the 'Portuguese Government concerning_the best application of its resources to meeting fully th e minimum requirements set forth in *-*C 70. The study has not yet been completed and no conclusions therefrom have been reflected in these comm ents on the Portuguese Government's defense program. In due time SHAPE vri.ll confer vrith the i`;od Portugal on the results of the study and may subsequently wish to amend the^^ comments and recommendations on the Portuguese Reply to ARQo9/ -I- Appendix A to Enclosure 1

4 mm «imifois Annex I to SHAPE/96/ EXISTING AND PIAHN3D FORCES Tabulation of Ifocistinr, and Planned Forces and MC 70 Requirements ; Major Units & Weapons Units Echelon Inf Divisions 2nd Actual 1 July III. EFFECTIVENESS OF FORCES. 1 S t a t u s End-1959 End-1960 End-196l End ; Planned"!!`/ Firm MG tprov. MCj AR 5o :7O Goals?O jgoals?o Planned MC MC 70! L-h-1 f» i ; l» ; * Command Communications and Control SHAPE notes that obsolete coummicfitions/electronics equipment and a lack of trained personnel impair the effectiveness of the Portuguese units and hopes that the needed steps will be taken to remedy these deficiencies. 2. Personnel a. Shortages in regular officers, NCOs and technicians still exist in the artillery, engineers, signals, ordnance and medical units, and are a factor in limiting the effectiveness of the Portuguese contribution. SHaPE points out that although the receipt of certain types of equipment may be delayed for various reasons, :!t appears to be within Portugal s.capabilities to provide sufficient trained personnel to bring her un:<ts to strength. b. Keorganiaation of the curriculum of the Military Academy should improve the quality'and numbers of regular officers and cadre. 3 Training. Organization and Sou Lament a. SHAPE is pleased to note the planned participation of_;che Portuguese 3rd Divâ.sion in command and staff CPX "SIDE STEP*. It is believed that the experience the Portuguese staff will gain, both through their own,.participation and by observing staff procedures of other nations of the Alliance, should increase significantly the command capability of Portugal's NATO contribution.- b. SHAPE further notes Portugal's intention, du e to x :`>3,al` the absence of the division staff, to.conduct only -ict level s/>si/ manoeuvres in 1959, but hopes that the 'experience the staff will gain on W3I0E ST3P" will enable the Portuguese Division to conduct a realistic divisional manoeuvre in I960 based on conditions to be expected in modern war. i r s J ik K M S

M i i M M I F H i A n n e x I t o SHAPE/96/$ 9 c. Upon receipt of L..hüCHL:T' s study on the proposed St.an dard Division, Portugal should be in a position to complete its evaluation of a divi sional.

In th e interests of ensuring thvs co mpatibility of the Portuguese Division with those of its allies, SKAPE hopes that Portugal will adopt the sesni-independ sr.

5 M i i M M I F H i A n n e x I t o SHAPE/96/$ 9 c. Upon receipt of L..hüCHL:T' s study on the proposed St.an dard Division, Portugal should be in a position to complete its evaluation of a divi sional.`t,rueture suited both to its own needs and to fulfill its NATO mission. In th e interests of ensuring thvs co mpatibility of the Portuguese Division with those of its allies, SKAPE hopes that Portugal will adopt the sesni-independ sr.t brigade group structure substantially as it appears.in the LAsmDCEHT concept. ' d. SHAPE is awara of the difficulties being experienced by tho Portuguese authorities in building up the balanced non-organic combat and s~rvi.ee Support required for their ILVfO contribution. 3HAPK points out that this support is essential to military operations and that either elimination of existing units or protraction of the build-up period will decrease the effectiveness of the. Portuguese forces to an unacceptable degree,. SilAPE urges that the Portuguese authorities take no decision on reduction in non-organic support units until dotaroin-ition of the now organization of the 3**d Infantry Division and axanination of the resulting support requirements* In any event, it is clear that balanced non-organic support- as set forth in kc?o vri.ll be required in the Portuguese Army., Si-Li?E` considers that the previously planned Engineer and Ordnance units should be built.up by ond-196o. o. SiliPE recognizes the problem Portugal must solve to modernize its obsolescent equipment. It would appear that the initial step in this program would bo to decide on the divisional structure.required, and to formulate the modernization program in consonance with its demands'. It is hoped that a plan can be d ovsloped to ensure the most effective utilization of Portugal's defense budget and of available militarv aid. 4. I e g i p.ü j ç.3 SHAPE notes that therv; has boon no. substantial alleviation of the critical deficiencies in operation?.! reserves of equipment and.aim. unition seoortod in l''5é. SHAPE points out that the wuaicnoss of the Portuguese logistic support capability affects adversely the co.abat effectivene -s of the Portuguese contribution to e.j O. - 5* Evaluation of, the Generel..Effectiveness, ojl.the The effectiveness of the Portuguese contribution continues to be impaired by its outmoded organisation, obsolescent equipment, -and personnel shortages and is considered as limited at present. The reo rganization of the 3rd Infantry Division and modernisation envisaged by the Portuguese Authorities should raise the general effectiveness of i'lvto committed army units appreciable during the period under review. - ~ *3- A p p e m d i x à t o M I M M * APPROVED FO R PUBLIC DISCLOSURE

6 IM O K M Æ s s D lf ll! Ann ex I to SH:tP S/96/59 IV. COHCUPIOSS From the forego ing ^ valu at;ion of the Portuguese Army contribution t o MATO, SHAPE considers that the Portuguese irmy _ will heve only a limited ability to carry out its mission_until the reorg*inization m d re-equipping of th e 3rd Infantry Division has been accomplished, and until the required amount of balanced non-or^enic support has beer, established. The critical factors In this conclusion *iro : c* ii* Personnel shorts ;;es. The outmoded organisation end obsolescent equipment of the 3rd Infentry Division. Inadequate balanced non-organic su pport. Lack of logistical support for sustained combat operations,. 4- Appsn&lx A to D

7 S G C o p y N o.... H T h i s d o c u m e n t c o n s i s t s o f 3 p a g e s I* G e n e r a l SACLAMF»5 AR 1959 COI-MTS ON FCRTUGfiL I# a* Amy (not furnished) b* I t i s n o t e d w i t h s a t i s f a c t i o n fï'o m t h e G e n e r a l S e c t i o n o f t h e H a p l y t h a t a g re e m e n t t o t h e f i n a n c i n g o f 3 new f i È ' s i s e x p e c t e d s h o r t l y * I t i s a l s o s t a t e d t h a t t h e c o m p l e t i o n d a t e s f o e t h e s e s h i p s e r a 1 i n s a d 2 i n , U n l e s s c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e s e v e s s e l s c a n b commenced a t a v e r y e a r l y d a t e, i t w o u ld a p p e a r u n l i k e l y t h a t t h e y will b e available t o S a C L A N T a s i n d i c a t e d i n T a b l a 1, T h e c o m p l e t i o n o f t h e a r r a n g e a ie n t s f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e s e s h i p s i s t h u s a m a t t e r o f u r g e n c y. I t i s a l s o n o t e d t h a t t h e n u m b e r o f DE ' s a v a i l a b l e t o S a C L A H T w i l l n o t m e e t t h e MC 7 0 r e q u ir e m e n t s u n l e s s t h e t r a n s f e r o f D I O G O G O M ES a n d N U N O Ï P^ ÏS T A O t o n a t i o n a l command i s d e f e r r e d u n t i l t h e n e w c o n s t r u c t i o n s h i p s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r r e p l a c e m e n t. T h e r e f o r e, a l t h o u g h t h o r e q u i r e m e n t o f t h e P o r t u g u e s e G o v e rn m e n t ' t o h a v e t h e s e s h i p s a v a i l a b l e t o m e e t o v e r s e a s c o m m itm e n ts i s a p p r e c i a t e d, S a G La M I w o u ld b e u n w i l l i n g t o s e e th e m, t r a n s f e r r e d t o n a t i o n a l command u n t i l t h e y c a n b e r e p l a c e d * c. A i r T h e p r o p o s a l o f t h e P o r t u g u e s e G o v e r n m e n t t o p l a n f o r t h e e v e n t u a l p r o v i s i o n o f a i r c r a f t ' l ^ P a i r c r a f t s q u a d r o n s t o S & G L h M i s w e lc o m e d a n d f u l l y e n d o r s e d. I t i s, h o w e v e r, v e r y c l e a r t h a t t h e e a r l y i m p l «m e n t a t i o n o f t h i s p l a n w i l l d e p e n d u p o n t h e p r o v i s i o n o f a t l e a s t 12 a i r c r a f t a d d i t i o n a l t o t h o s e n o w s c h e d u le d f o r t r a n s f e r f r o m t h e N e t h e r l a n d s, I n o r d e r t o c o n t i n u e t h e m o d e r n i z a t i o n o f t h e P o r t u g u e s e m a r i t i m e a i r s q u a d r o n s, i t - i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e s e a d d i t i o n a l a i r c r a f t s h o u l d b a o f t h e P 2 V 7 t y p e, t h u s e n s u r i n g a m axim um c o m p a t i b i l i t y o f s p a r e s a n d e q u i p m e n t. I t i s f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h a t t h e P o r t u g u e s e G o v e rn m e n t s h o u l d p l a n f o r t h e e v e n t u a l r e - e q u i p m e n t o f t h e s e s q u a d r o n s m t h t h e s t a n d a r d N A T O Y f ö a i r c r a f t, 2* G e n e r a l C o n c l u s i o n s I t i s e v i d e n t f r o m t h e R e p l y t h a t, a l t h o u g h t h e p l a n s p r o p o s e d b y t h e P o r t u g u e s e G o v e rn m e n t d o m e e t t h e S a C L A N C r e q u ir e m e n t s c o n t a i n e d i n I#3 7 0, t h e im p le m e n t a t i o n o f t h e s e p l a n s - w i l l b e d e p e n d e n t u p o n v e r y e a r l y a ' ;, commencement o f t h e p r o p o s e d D E c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o g r a m a n d a r r a n g e me n t s f o r t. t h e e a r l y p r o v i s i o n o f s u i t a b l e a i r c r a f t t o r & - e q u i p t h e m a r i t i m e a i r s q u a d r o n s» " V p * II* Forces Build-Up a» fcrcny ( n o t f u r n i s h e d ) Ita

m H E * a. 19 5.9. 1960,. 1 9 6 1 1962 1963 H I TO &0 N a t i o n a l N a t i o n a l S e r a p h.

8 m H E * a , H I TO &0 N a t i o n a l N a t i o n a l S e r a p h. «M* L I H & N a t i o n a l N a t i o n a l S c r a p s m* T E J 0 N a t i o n a l N a t i o n a l S c r a p s ~ VCiUOA N a t i o n a l N a t i o n a l S e r a p h * am D IO G O GOME S Î & Î Û N A T O N a t i o n a l N a t i o n a l KUNO T B IS ft A Q K a T O M O N a t i o n a l N a t i o n a l C O K TK R E A L m a o N 4 T 0 tfcto N A T O * D IC G O C A O N A T O N A T O N fito N A T O * P E S O E S C O B A R 1 New C o n s t r u c t i o n 1 New C o n s t r u c t i o n 1 New C o n s t r u c t i o n C A T E G C B Ï A C A T E G O R X B 13ÂT O N A T O N A T O N A T O N A T O N A T O NATO N A T O * I t i s n o t e d t h a t t h e s e v e s s e l s wi l l b e 2 0 y e a r s o l d b y t h e y e a r I 9 & 4 a n d a l o n g t e r m p l a n f o r t h e c o n t i n u a t i o n o f t h e s h i p c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o g ra m a p p e a r s n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e r e p la c e m e n t o f t h e s e s h i p 's. * * T h e r e p l y i n d i c a t e s t h a t P o r t u g a l h o p e s t o o b t a i n 3 P C s t h r o u g h M DAP i n 19é2. & S.C LA N Ï 8m > w > rt3 t h e r e q u i r e m e n t f o r t h e s e v e s s e l s, b u t n o t a a w i t h c o n c e r n ( p a r a g r a p h.1, p a g e 1 4, G e n e r a l S e c t i o n ) t h a t 2 P C ' s a n d 2 I S O ' s h a v e b e e n t r a n s f e r r e d t o C a t e g o r y " C " u n t i l t h e n e c e s s a r y p e r s o n n e l becom es a v a i l a b l e i n 1962 t o m a i n t a i n th e m i n C a t e g o r y " A ", S i n c e 4 VOUÜA c l a s s O S ' s a r e t o b e decom mi s s i o n e d i n 1961, i t w o u ld a p p e a r t h a t p e r - a o n n e l f r o m t h e s e s h i p s m ig h t b e a v a i l a b l e t o r e c o m m is s ic n t h e 2 P C 's a n d 2 î S O ' b d u r i n g t h a t y e a r * c «A i r V i / f A 3 E CH A F I H I * F o r c e s E f f e c t i v e n e s s a * R e a d in e s s I M?Q T h e E E R O S C Ô B **H a n d t h e m o d e r n iz e d D E ' s m e e t t h e S à O L A N T r e a d i n e s s s t a n d a r d s a n d a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e e f f e c t i v e f l e e t u n i t s, a l t h o u g h t h e i r e f f i c i e n c y w i l l b e i m p a i r e d b y t h e s h o r t f a l l s n o t e d i n t h e l o g i s t i c s s e c t i o n. I n p a r t i c u l a r, t h e d e f i c i e n c i e s i n. U H F a n d o t h e r c o m m u n ic a tio n e q u ip m e n t «i l l s e r i o u s l y a f f e c t t h e i r a b i l i t y t o o p e r a t e w i t h o t h e r N A T O u n i t s. T h e m a r i t i m e a i r s q u a d r o n s c a n n o l o n g e r b e c o n s i d e r e d e f f e c t i v e u n t i l t h e i r r e - e q u ip m e n t h a s a t l e a s t b e e n com m enced. b. T r a i n i n g T h e c o n t i n u e d p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f P o r t u g u e s e u n i t s i n N A T O e x e r c i s e s n o t e d i n t h e R e p l y i s a p p r e c i a t e d. I t i s n o t e d w i t h r e g r e t t h a t i t i s n o t c o n s i d e r e d p r a c t i c a l f u r t h e r t o m o d e r n iz e t h e 3 P o r t u g u e s e su b - K a r i n e s. I n S k C L k f f l * s v X m i t w i l l t h e r e f o r e b e n e c e s s a r y t o r e p l a c e t h e s e v e s s e l s i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e i n o r d e r t h a t t h e s u r f a c e s h i p s a n d a i r c r a f t m ay b e a f f o r d e d e f f e c t i v e t r a i n i n g i n o p e r a t i o n a g a i n s t m o d e rn s u b m a r i n e s. I t i s recom m ended t h a t i n t h e m e a n tim e, i n a d d i t i o n t o p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n N A T O ASfcT e x e r c i s e s, t h e A S W t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t i e s o f o t h e r N A T O n a t i o n s b e u t i l i z e d t o t h e maxim um e x t e n t p r a c t i c a b l e. & MM - A p p e n d i x B t o E n c l o s u r e 1 mm w s y» o i [ )

9 5» M s œ o r e l l A s a l r e a d y n o t e d u n d e r r e a d i n e s s, i t i s n o t f e l t t h a t e f f e c t i v e t r a i n i n g c a n b e a f f o r d e d a s t h e m a r i t i m e s i r s q u a d r o n s u n t i l s u c h t i m e a s t h e y h a v e m o re mo d e r n e q u i p m e n t * I n a d d i t i o n, t h e p r e s e n t s e r i o u s s h o r t a g e o f s e r v i c e a b l e a i r c r a f t m u s t b e h a v i n g a n a d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e o v e r a l l t r a i n i n g o f P o r t u g u e s e a n t i - s u b m a r i n e f o r t i e s. o * L o g i s t i c s,, i n c l u d i n g i n f T a s t r u c t u r e D e f i c i e n c i e s a r e n o t e d a s f o l l o w s : ï r a n s r e c e i v e r s U H F 4 9 $, in f p â p - r e d e q u ip m e n t l o r a n r e c e i v e r s E & S 33/5» r a d i o t e l e t y p e 1C $ * O t h e r s h o r t a g e s i n o p e r a t i o n a l s t o c b s e x i s t i n a i r c r a f t ammuni t i o n, eon e - b u o y s, a i r c r a f t i l l u m i n a n t s, a n d A B C d e f e n s e s u p p l i e s «T h e s e d e f i c i e n c i e s - s h o u ld b e r e m e d ie d a s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e s i n c e, a s n o t e d i n p a r a g r a p h J H. a., t h e y is jip a ir t h e o v e r a l l e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e P o r t u g u e s e m a r i t i m a f o r c e s * T h e f a c t t h a t t h e n e w t a n k e r a s a r e p la c e m e n t f o r S. B R A S ' K i l l b e a v a i l a b l e t o t h e P o r t u g u e s e N a v y i n l a n o t e d w i t h s a t i s f a c t i o n «d. P e r s o n n e l S rtc Lk K T w e lc o m e s t h e i n c r e a s e d p r o g r a m f o r t h e n e x t f e w y e a r s a n d h o p e s t h a t P o r t u g a l w i l l b e a b l e t o m e e t t h e s e g o a l s * I V «C o n c l u s i o n s 1 «a * M a vv T h e p l a n n e d b u i l d - u p o f t h e P o r t u g u e s e n a v a l f o r c e s w i l l m e e t t h e M3?0 r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e s a t i s f a c t o r y p r o v i d e d t h e t a r g e t d a t e s c a n b e r e a l i s e d a n d p r o v i d e d t h e p r o g r a m f o r e s c o r t r e p la c e m e n t s i s c o n t i n u e d t h r o u g h 1964 t o c o m p le te t h e r e p la c e m e n t o f s h ip s w h ic h w i l l b ecom e o b s o l e t e a t t h a t t im e «, T h e p l a n s f o r t h e p r o v i s i o n o f a d e q u a t e v e s s e l s t o m e e t t h e r a t i o n a l c o m m itm e n ts i n i n - s h o r e w a t e r s a r e a l s o s u p p o r t e d b y S A C L A M T * b «A i r T h e p r o p o s e d p l a n o f t h e P o r t u g u e s e G o v e r n m e n t t o p r o v i d e a i r c r a f t l l / P a i r s q u a d r o n s i s e n t i r e l y en d o r s e d b y S a C L A N T, 2. T h e g e n e r a l s h o r t a g e o f m a r i t i m e p a t r o l a i r c r a f t t h r o u g h o u t t h e N A T O a r e a g i v e s a d d e d im p o r t a n c e t o t h e p r o v i s i o n b y P o r t u g a l o f m a r i t i m e p a t r o l a i r c r a f t t o c o v e r t h e w a t e r s b e tw e e n P o r t u g a l a n d t h e A z o r e s t h r o u g h w h ic h a v e r y c o n s i d e r a b l e p e r c e n t a g e o f N A T O s h i p p i n g w o u ld p a s s i n w a r a n d f r o m whic h P o r t u g a l m ay w e l l b e t h r e a t e n e d b y S S G ' s. W T O orra A p p e n d i x B t o E n c l o s u r e 1

10 G» i» &» [ ] ä ) 15 X L ENCLOSURE S : ; I j P a g e s 1 FINAL LIST OF MILITARY RECOMMENDATIONS T h e S t a n d i n g G r o u p h a s a p p r o v e d t h e f o l l o w i n g f i n a l l i s t o f m i l i t a r y r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s, w h i c h i t u r g e s t h a t P o r t u g a l s h o u l d i m p l e m e n t i n o r d e r t o a t t a i n t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f M C 7 0 a n d t h e s t a n d a r d s o f r e a d i n e s s l a. i d d o w n i n M C 5 5 / 1. Final List of Military Recommendations In Order of Urgency Without Këgard to service 1. Implement the plan to repla.ce the 4 t h and 5th IDF squadrons by 2-12 aircraft M/P air squadrons equipped with modern aircraft, program. 2. Give early implementation to the planned DE replacement 3. R e o r g a n i z e t h e 3 r d I n f a n t r y D i v i s i o n g e n e r a l l y i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e L A N D C E N T c o n c e p t, 4. Institute an equipment modernization program for the 3rd Infantry Division. 5. Accelerate the build up of non-organic support units for the 3rd Infantry Division. 6. Build up operational reserves of Army equipment and ammunition in accordance with the stan dards of MC 5 5 / 1. S G M Hf.1Ï.ECRÔ Enclosure 2

A L A BA M A L A W R E V IE W

A L A BA M A L A W R E V IE W Volume 52 Fall 2000 Number 1 B E F O R E D I S A B I L I T Y C I V I L R I G HT S : C I V I L W A R P E N S I O N S A N D TH E P O L I T I C S O F D I S A B I L I T Y I N