Tevatron Beam-Beam Phenomena and Counter-Measures
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1 Tevatron Beam-Beam Phenomena and Counter-Measures Alexander Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, IL LARP Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Compensation July 2-4, 2007
2 Outline Overview of Beam-Beam Effects Injection Collisions Countermeasures New Collision Helix New Working Point Second Order Chromaticity Correction Results and Summary LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 2
3 Luminosity and Luminosity Integral L = 3γ f πβ * 0 B N ( ) ε + ε p p N p p H ( * ) σ β l I = Ldt N stores τ L ln(1 + T Luminosity Integral: primary factors L / τ 0 L ) Beta* at IP and bunchlength: H(x)/beta^* Emittances ε p ε pbar Number of protons: N p Number of antiprotons: BN pbar Lumi-lifetime: τ L LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 3
4 Overview of Beam-Beam Effects Beam Intensities in Store 5506 LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 4
5 Sources of Luminosity Loss in Tevatron Recycler Helix Sext LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 5
6 Sources of Luminosity Loss in Tevatron LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 6
7 Long-Range Effects at Injection LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 7
8 Long-Range Effects at Injection LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 8
9 Long-Range Effects at Injection LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 9
10 Long-Range Effects on Ramp LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 10
11 Beam Intensity Loss on Ramp Proton inefficiency vs. pbar intensity Pbar inefficiency vs. proton intensity LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 11
12 Long-Range Effects in Squeeze LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 12
13 Long-Range Effects in Squeeze LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 13
14 Long-Range Effects in Squeeze LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 14
15 Emittance blowup Lifetime deterioration Effects at Collisions Long-Range Head-on LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 15
16 Emittance Increase vs. Betatron Tune LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 16
17 Proton Loss Rate vs. Betatron Tune LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 17
18 Effect of the Helix Size on Lifetime Antiproton NL Loss Rate [% / hr] Average Antiproton Non-Luminous Loss Rate vs Helix Size Stores # # Helix size [% of nominal] LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 18
19 S Improvement of the Collision Helix CDF upstream CDF downstream D0 upstream D0 downstream s Before After LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 19
20 Gain in Luminosity Integral from the New Collision Helix LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 20
21 Effects in Collisions LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 21
22 Luminosity Evolution Model The model describes evolution of the beam emittances and intensities taking into account the following factors: Scattering at IP (luminosity) Scattering on residual gas RF noise Intra Beam Scattering Initial parameters (bunch by bunch intensity, transverse and longitudinal emittances) are taken from SDA Main free model parameters are: Gas pressure RF noise power The model does not include beam-beam effects LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 22
23 Luminosity Evolution Store 4581, L=1.72E32 Old Helix Bunch 7 LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 23
24 Luminosity Evolution Store 4859, L=1.70E32 New Helix Bunch 6 LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 24
25 Head-on Beam-Beam Tuneshifts LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 25
26 Luminosity Evolution Store 5245, L=2.92E32 New Helix Bunch 6 LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 26
27 Head-on Beam-Beam Tuneshifts.. Store 5245 LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 27
28 New Tevatron Working Point Currently operating between 4/7 and 3/5 with beambeam ξ = 0.02 To increase number of particles need more tune space WP near ½ should allow 40% more! However, vicinity of half-integer increases sensitivity to quadrupole errors, especially chromatic Moreover, large chromatic β-function is detrimental to beam-beam effects even at present WP LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 28
29 Horizontal Chromatic Beta Function LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 29
30 Correction of β-function Chromaticity Reconnection of sextupoles into new families LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 30
31 Corrected Chromatic Beta-Function 400 Vertical Chromatic β-function x x x10 5 Azimuth (cm) LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 31
32 Improvement of the Proton Lifetime Proton Bunch Intensity (10 9 ) Time (h) Work still in progress! LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 32
33 Summary Beam-beam effects at injection cause 5-10% beam loss At collisions, before 6/06 decrease of intensity lifetime and emittance blowup were caused by longrange effects Implementation of the new collision helix with increased separations at particular LR collision points gave improvement of the luminosity lifetime (~16%) Currently, beam-beam effects at collisions are dominated by proton losses due to head-on interactions LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 33
34 Summary Present working point allows little space for increasing beam intensities. Betatron tune near half-integer resonance has high potential for larger luminosity Operation near Q=0.5 is impossible without correction of β-function chromaticity The new sextupole circuits are being commissioned According to beam-beam simulations correction of chromatic beta will improve situation at present WP. Some encouraging results have already been obtained. LARP Beam-Beam Compensation Mini-Workshop 7/2/07 A.Valishev 34
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