BSP1153 Mechanics & Thermodynamics Physics & measurement
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1 BSP1153 Mechanics & Thermodynamics Physics & measurement by Dr. Farah Hanani bt Zulkifli Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology
2 Chapter Description Expected Outcomes To resolve physical quantity and international systems of measurement To perform the dimensional analysis To solve problems involving unit conversion References Young, H.D. & Freeman, R.A. University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Ed.) Pearson, 2015 University physics with modern physics / Wolfgang Bauer, Gary D. Westfall, Mc Graw Hill, 2014 Paul E. Tippens, Physics 7th Edition. Mc Graw Hill, 2013 Physics for scientists and engineers : a strategic approach / Randall D. Knight, Boston, MA : Pearson, 2013 Giancoli, D.C. Physics for Scientists and Engineers: with Modern Physics (4th Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall, 2013
3 Content #1 1.1 Units, Standard and SI Systems Standard of length, mass and time Unit Prefix 1.2 Dimensional Analysis 1.3 Unit Conversions 1.4 Significant figures
4 What is Physics? Physics is one of the most fundamental of sciences involving the observation of the phenomena in nature such as; Ball falling from the top of building Two cars collide each other A boy is climbing a ladder Structure design Medical imaging systems Heating System
5 Classical Mechanics Quantum Mechanics Optics Areas in Physics Thermodynamics Electromagnetism Relativity
6 Physical quantity Any number that is used to describe a physical (e.g. object) phenomenon (e.g. weight, height, distances) quantitatively. The measurement of any QUANTITY is made relative to a particular standard or unit. UNIT (e.g., meter, kilogram, hour) is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity.
7 Physical quantities must includes: symbol number value units of measurement For example: Height of Ahmad, H is 1.40 m. Therefore, H represents the symbol 1.40 represents the number value m represents the unit
8 Standards and units International system of units (S.I) Formerly known as metric system. The most common unit used by scientists and engineers around the world known as International System.
9 Quantity Length Mass Time Temperature Electric current Luminous Intensity Amount of substance SI unit meter kilogram second Kelvin Ampere Candela mole
10 Unit prefix Refer to the powers of 10. Usually express multiples of 10 or 1/10 in exponential notation. Each prefix has a specific name and abbreviation. E.g., =10 6 (mega, M) 1/ = 10-6 (micro, m) In physics, it is usually used with any basic units. E.g. kilometer, mililiter
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13 Base quantities There are three (3) fundamental basic quantities used in physics: Length SI Unit - Meter, m What? - Distance between two points in space. Mass (SI Unit - kilogram, kg) What? How heavy the object w/o considered the gravity. Time (SI unit second, s) What?
14 Derived quantities Quantities that can be prompted from various of basic quantities. E.g., pressure, density, area,
15 Dimensional Analysis Technique to ensure the equation is expressed correctly. Dimensions : Includes Length [L], Mass [M], Time [T]. denoted with square brackets. can be treated as algebraic quantities. must have the same dimensions for both sides of equation.
16 Continued is not a CONSTANT. can have many actual units. e.g.: dimension of area always [L 2 ]: the unit can be m 2, ft 2, cm 2 and so on. are remain same even though the formula for a quantity is different. e.g. : area of a triangle of base b and height h is A = ½ bh, whereas area of circle is πr 2. Their dimensions are always [L 2 ].
17 Does x = ½ at 2 is a correct expressions? First: Confirm the dimensions on both LHS and RHS. L 2 L T L 2 T Second: If the T 2 s cancel, the left hand side (LHS) equation will leave L at the equation. Third: So, Left Hand side (LHS) = Right Hand Side (RHS) Conclusion: Equation is dimensionally correct.
18 Unit Conversion In a several situation, when the units are not constant, it can be converted to a same unit. E.g., Remember!! 1 m = in. = ft. 1 in. = m = 2.54 cm Units can be treated as algebraic quantity. Units can also being cancel each other out. You are advised to carry the units through the entire calculation. MUST!!
19 E.g., Find the length of 10.0 inch ruler in cm. Knowing that 1 in. = 2.54 cm 10.0in.?cm 10.0in. Find the distance of the 1.00 mile travelling when it expressed in km. if 1 mile = 1609m, 1 km = 1000 m 2.54cm 1.0in. 25.4cm Answer : 1.61 km
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22 See You in Chapter 2
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BSP1153 Mechanics & Thermodynamics by Dr. Farah Hanani bt Zulkifli Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology farahhanani@ump.edu.my Chapter Description Expected Outcomes o To understand the concept of
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