Labrador Island Transmission Link
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1 Labrador Island Transmission Link Wetlands Inventory and Classification W Nalcor Energy Hydro Place, 500 Columbus Drive P.O. Box St. John s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada A1B 0C9 tdkdzddedt K eeddde > s ddd W Stantec Consulting Ltd. 607 Torbay Road St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada A1A 4Y6 ^ W ddddddded July 26, 2010
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3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E > / d > W, s,s ' / > ^ W / E W W d,s W E > > W > dd > ee E s t ^, '/^ d d d edd d d dd ddd / e > dd E d E dd d > d E & d > E D d d E > d > d E d dd ddd K ' d & Z : de dddd W
4 d W / d > ^ dddd dd & Z : de dddd W
5 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION... 1 d d d d d d d d d d d e d e W K d ^ W d ^ d t & d t E > K e t s e t s & dd d e d t s dd d e d t & dd 2.0 APPROACH AND METHODS d d d d & ^ dd t D de d d d / de d d d t de d d ^ d de 3.0 RESULTS d d d d d d s t ^ dd t & d dd t dd 4.0 DISCUSSION d d d d d d d d d d W dd dd, dd t Y dd, dd 5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION REFERENCES & Z : de dddd W
6 & Z : de dddd W List of Figures & d d E > d & d d s & K dd & d d s & D & dd & d d ^ > ^ & D Z > dd & d d ^ Z W > dd & d d & > ^ & D Z > dd & d d & E & E dd & d d D E W & E de & d e E & E de & d e t W > > E de & d d K ' Z W d dd & d d t ^ > Z W d dd & d d t E W Z W d de & d d t E Z W d de & d d t W Z W d de List of Tables d d d > d d d d d E ^ d d d d d t & D ^ e d d d ^ t t D de d d d s ^ > ^ dd
7 d d d d d d d d d d d d d d e d d e d d e d d e d d dd d d dd & s ^ ^ > ^ dd s ^ ^ E ^ dd & s ^ ^ E ^ de D s ^ ^ E ^ dd & / W d dd & & W / W d dd D & / W d dd t ^ W d dd t & W d > de t & W d E dd List of Appendices t ^ d & Z : de dddd W
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9 1.0 INTRODUCTION E > / d > W, s,s ' / > ^ W / E W d W / ^ /^ E / W t / ^ W /^ ^ d,s d E > t ^ 1.1 Project Overview d W > / E d ' / > Z >, ' W,s ' / > ^ / d dde ed ^ / ^,s ^ / / E W eee ^ W / E W > / W d ddd ^ / & Z : de dddd W d
10 / E W W d W W / E W d 1.2 Study Purpose d t / ^ d W W W W W d, E > W d d / E d 1.3 Study Area and Approach d d dd ddd d d ddd ' / > ^ W W E / / d > > ^ dddd dd & Z : de dddd W d
11 / & & d d D deed > d d d deed / E d d d ' / > ^ / ^ / ^ W E d deed d d t ^ t Z deee W d t d d 1.4 Wetland Formation and Development t d deed t & Z : de dddd W d
12 & d d E > & Z : de dddd W d
13 d d d > d, & > D d Z s > D / > & ' dd d ddd md ddd d ddd dd mldd : dd de & W > D ^ Z W d Z W t d W > ^ & D Z D D d ' ddd ddd d ddd d ddd d dd : dd de & > ^ & D Z d > > D Z t D d ' dd d ddd edd d ddd dd : dd dd & & d > ^ / d d ' ddd ddd d ddd d ddd dd : e dd d & d dd dd ^ D deed d d d E ^ d ^ ^ / d ' E W ed d ' mddd eed edd d ddd dd dd : e & ^ md d d d W E W & d ' E W & > Z D d ddd ddd d ddd d ddd D dd dd : e dd & W ^ D > ^ D > Z ^ & ddd > Z D & Z : de dddd W d
14 ^ > Z ^ > Z W d E > Z > Z D ddd medd ' md ddd md ddd dd dd : d e & ^ d D E > Z ^ d > Z D /, ^ : / E &, Z E ' ddd ded d ddd d edd dd de : d e & Z / ^ d E ^ E & & ^ W d ddd d ddd D, ' mded d ddd d ddd dd de : d e & d Z D / E W ^ ddd ded d ddd d edd dd de : d e & & ^ ^ ^ D E ^ d ^ ^ / d W ^ deed & Z : de dddd W e
15 d t d /, d dd > d E > & E > / E > t & E, E d d d & Z : de dddd W e
16 d d d t & D ^ t K' W / ^, d t W deed &E DZ^, W / & d E / t W deed ^ d d deed t W deed ^tdw ^ d d deed 1.5 Wetlands in Newfoundland and Labrador: An Overview t E > dd dd t, deee t E > & Z : de dddd W e
17 K dd dd t deed deee t W deed t, deee / E > deee deee deed deed deed t s deed 1.6 Wetland Vegetation d t ^ t deee Z Z & d d d d K ^ ^ ^ ^ < < d ^ ^ ^ / E > ^ / E > K ^ Z d K D ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ > Z D ^ d E ^ ^ ^ ^ K > ^ & Z : de dddd W e
18 & d d s & K Dry Bog Communities Common to all dry bog communities Rubus chamaemorus Kalmia angustifolia Empetrum nigrum Polytrichum strictum Vaccinium angustifolium Cetraria islandica Cladina mitis Cladina alpestris Cladina arbuscula Cladina rangiferina Bog Hummocks (below) Sphagnum fuscum Microlepidozia setaceae Larix laricina Sphagnum rubellum Mylia anomala Northern Bog Hummocks & Ridges (below) Cetraria nivalis Vaccinium uliginosum Ochrolechia frigida Vaccinium vitis-idaea Sphaerophorus globosus Carex rariflora Rhacomitrium lanuginosum Cladonia uncialis Alectoria nigricans Cornicularia aculeate Ptilidium ciliare Cladonia boryi Note whitish surface colour on some hummocks caused by abundance of Cladina lichens and Rhacomitrium moss Wet Bog Communities Common to all hollows and flats: Sphagnum tenellum Sphagnum pulchrum Sphagnum rubellum Odontoschisma sphagni Rhynchospora alba Cladopodiella fluitans Mylia anomala Cetraria islandica Wet Bog Sphagnum Flats (below) Sphagnum magellanicum Kalmia angustifolia Sphagnnum flavicomans Dicranum scoparium Sphagnum papillosum Carex oligosperma Cladina arbuscula Cladina rangiferina Northern Wet Flats & Hollows (blackish flats adjacent to Northern Bog Hummocks) Ochrolechia frigida Carex rariflora Vaccinium uliginosum Ptilidium ciliare Cornicularia aculeata Sphagnum compactum Empetrum nigrum Kalmia angustifolia Wet Bog Hollows (above) Sphagnum magellanicum Sphagnum cuspidatum Carex oligosperma Utricularia cornuta Eriophorum spissum Cephalozia conivens & Z : de dddd W dd
19 & d d s & D & Fen Lawn Communities Carex exilis Carex oligosperma Sanguisorba canadensis Myrica gale Oclemena nemoralis Lonicera villosa Solidago uliginosa Betula michauxii Smilacina trifolia Larix laricina Eutrophic Fens (Newfoundland and Labrador) Campylium stellatum Carex limosa Selaginella selaginoides Potentilla fruticosa Sphagnum warnstorfii Betula pumila Aualcomnium palustre Picea mariana Ribbed Fens Sphagnum compactum Vaccinium uliginosum Cladopodiella fluitans Carex limosa Coptis groenlandicum Rubus acaulis Calliergon stramineum Sphagnum pulchrum Sphagnum warnstorfii Betula glandulosa Sphagnum magellanicum Sphagnum rubellum Fen Hummock / String Communities Sphagnum rubellum Mylia anomala Cetraria islandica Carex pauciflora Picea mariana Sphagnum magellanicum Carex oligosperma Larix laricina Betula michauxii Smilicina trifolia Fen Hummocks and Ridges (right) Sphagnum fuscum Sphagnum rubellum Kalmia angustifolia Empetrum nigrum Ledum groenlandicum Vaccinium angustifolium Rubus chamaemorus Cetraria islandica Cladina mitis Cladina alpestris Cladina arbuscula Weakly Minerotrophic Ribbed Fens (flat areas between ridges) Sphagnum angustifolium Carex limosa Vaccinium uliginosum Cladopodiella fluitans Sphagnum compactum Ptilidium ciliare & Z : de dddd W dd
20 1.7 Wetland Values and Functions t / E > t, d d e d t s t d E deee & ^ d e d t & t ^ deed dd t > E deee d d ^ < dddd d < dddd & Z : de dddd W dd
21 2.0 APPROACH AND METHODS d ^ > W d d d 2.1 Field Surveys & > ^ dddd : ddde &, > ^ E W W d d d d W ddd d W W E > D deed s d E d h d D hdd deede Eed ' Z > t W s '/^e d D^ hdd & Z : de dddd W dd
22 d t ^ t > d d ee d edd d & d d d e & d e & d d ^ > ^ & D Z > & d d ^ Z W > & Z : de dddd W dd
23 & d d & > ^ & D Z > & d d & E & E & Z : de dddd W dd
24 & d d D E W & E & d e E & E & Z : de dddd W de
25 & d e t W > > E & Z : de dddd W de
26 2.2 Wetland Mapping ' dd E ed d d d / K d dd ddd E E > > ^ D d ed d deee ddde & ^WKd d d d d d d d ^WKdddd > e d dd : K d dddd ddde t '/^ d dd ddd d > d d d t d d t dd > W > ^ dddd d W d dd ddd > ^WKd E d ^ Ed^ d d '/^ & Z : de dddd W de
27 / h t ^ t Z deee t deee d d d d d d ^ t t D t & D K W D t & ^ W ^ ^ & > & Z & Z ^ D D ^ & > & Z & ^ d dd > > d > ^ dddd 2.3 Study Team d ^ d d & Z : de dddd W de
28 3.0 RESULTS ee d edd 3.1 Vegetative Cover and Abundance for Wetland Classes Surveyed W t ^ K dd > dd K ee E de dd d d d d d > E W W & dd dd & dd ee dd > > dd d dd t dd d d s md d ed ed d d d ddd d d d d s ^ > ^ ^ E E W K l d > e md d ^ e md d ee d d E de d d e md d ddd dd e < ed d e > ee d d W ed d d & Z : de dddd W dd
29 ^ E E W K l Z > dd d e ^ e md d s e md d s ed d d ' e md d e md d de d d ed dd d dd md d e d d dd d d de d d e md d e md d de d d e md d dd md d e md d e md d dd md d e md d dd d d dd md d e md d e md d ' e md d : e md d > de d e D ^ dd md d D de d e D dd d d E e md d W e md d W e md d W dd md d Z > e md d Z dd d e ^ dd md d ^ de md d ^ dd md d ^ e md d ^ ddd ee d d ee d e s ee d d s e md d E ^ ^ dd & Z : de dddd W dd
30 d d d & s ^ ^ > ^ ^ E E W K l ^ ee d e dd e e E dd d d ee d d de d e < ed d d > ed d d W ed d e Z > dd d d ^ de dd d ^ dd d e ^ de d d s de md d s de md d s ee d d ' de d d dd d e dd md d de dd e dd d e dd dd d de md d de md d dd d d ed dd d dd md d de e e de md d de md d de d e de md d dd md d dd d d de d d dd d d Y de md d de d d de md d de md d dd md d de md d & Z : de dddd W dd
31 ^ E E W K l ' de md d ' de md d > dd d d D de md d D ^ ee d d D dd d e D de d e E de md d W de md d W dd md d W ee d d W de md d Z dd d d Z dd d e ^ de md d ^ de md d ^ de d d ^ ' de d e ^ ed dd d ^ E z de md d d de md d d dd d d s ee d d s de md d s ^ de d d E ^ ^ e d d d s ^ ^ E ^ ^ E E W K l d W d d dd ^ d md d d md d d md d ee d d d md d d md d E dd md d d md d ed d d ' dd d d & Z : de dddd W dd
32 ^ E E W K l : d md d < ee e d < ed d e > ee d e D dd d d D d md d E dd md d W dd md d W dd d d Z dd d d Z > ee d e s dd d d s de md d s d md d s d d d s de d e s d md d ' d md d d md d d md d W dd d e d md d d md d dd d d d md d dd d e dd d e d md d d md d e d d d md d / d md d d md d d d d de d d ed dd e d md d dd d e de md d de md d d d d dd d e e md d d md d ee d d ^ dd d d ed d e & Z : de dddd W dd
33 ^ E E W K l d md d d md d d md d d md d de md d dd md d ' d md d ' d md d : d md d > d md d > d md d D de d d D ^ dd md d D d md d E d md d K e d d W dd d d W d md d W d md d W d d d Z de d d Z dd d d Z d md d Z ed d d ^ ^ d md d ed d d ^ dd md d ^ md d d ^ d md d ^ e md d ^ dd md d ^ ed ed d d d md d d ed dd e d d md d h dd md d h d md d s ed md d s d md d E ^ ^ de & Z : de dddd W dd
34 d d d & s ^ ^ E ^ ^ E E W K l d W d dd d e ^ d d d dd d d e md d de d d d md d E dd d d d md d dd md d ed d d dd d e : dd d d : e md d < dd d d < dd md d > ee d e > dd d d D ed d d W de md d W d md d W de d d Z e md d Z > de d e Z dd md d ^ d md d ^ e md d s d md d s d md d s d md d s d md d s d md d ' dd md d d md d ed d d dd e d W de d d d md d d d d d md d e d d & Z : de dddd W de
35 l dd md d ^ E E W K d md d de d d dd e e e d e e md d d md d dd d e d md d / d md d D dd d d ed d d dd d d dd d e dd d d d md d d md d d md d e d e d md d d md d e md d d md d dd d e d md d d md d dd d d d md d e md d e d d d d d d md d e md d dd md d dd md d ee md d d md d d md d ^ dd d d de d d d md d d md d e md d d md d e md d & Z : de dddd W de
36 ^ E E W K l de md d dd md d d md d de md d d md d : W e md d d md d ' d md d ' d md d ' d md d ' d d e / de d d : dd md d : dd md d : e md d : d md d > d d d > d md d > e md d > e md d D d md d D ^ dd d d D d md d D e md d D dd d d D e d d E dd md d K dd d d K d md d W e md d W dd md d W dd md d W e md d W dd md d W dd md d W d md d W K d md d W Z d md d Z e md d Z ee e d Z dd d e Z dd md d Z e md d ^ de d d & Z : de dddd W de
37 l d md d ^ E E W K ^ ^ d md d ^ e d d ^ d d d ^ d d d ^ d md d ^ dd md d ^ d md d ^ e md d ^ d md d ^ dd d d ^ d d d ^ d d d ^ d d d ^ ed de e ^ e d d ^ E z d md d ^ d md d d de d d d d d md d d d md d d d md d d & ^ : dd md d d dd d d d ee dd e d e md d d dd md d d d md d h dd md d h dd md d h e md d s dd md d s e d d s d md d s d md d E ^ ^ dd dd d d & Z : de dddd W de
38 d d d D s ^ ^ E ^ ^ E E W K l ' ddd md d ddd dd ddd dd : ddd d d : ddd dd W ddd d d Z ddd d d E ^ ^ d 3.2 Description of Wetland Forms and Complexes along the Transmission Corridor d E t d d d e d e E d t deed deee t, deee t W deed t deed E > & Z : de dddd W dd
39 d d e & / W d Wd>E&KZD ^ &dhz^ d E > E W E > ^ d d dd d d E > ^ t d d d d K E > E ^ d d d d W K E > D > ^ W d d d d ^ s > ^ d d d d & Z : de dddd W dd
40 d d e & & W / W d Wd>E&KZD ^ & &dhz^ K E > ^ ^ d d d d Z & s > E t > ' d > Z D ^ d dd d d > & ^ > d d d d t t & Z : de dddd W dd
41 d d e D & / W d DZ^,&KZD Z ^ D &dhz^ K E > d D ^ E > ^ d 3.3 Wetland Area and Distribution e dd ede ddd eed & d d t e e edd ed ddd > & d d dd dd ede dde edd E d E W & d d e E & d d dd W & d d e d d e d d e t ^ W d ' Z W d t W t ^ > ed ddd e edd e E W de dee d dee e E ed dde e ded dd W de dde d dde e d ddd eed dd ede e & Z : de dddd W dd
42 & d d K ' Z W d & Z : de dddd W dd
43 & d d t ^ > Z W d & Z : de dddd W dd
44 & d d t E W Z W d & Z : de dddd W de
45 & d d t E Z W d & Z : de dddd W de
46 & d d t W Z W d & Z : de dddd W de
47 d d d dd d dd d, & > ^ & ^ & ^ > d d e & d d d ^ / E W & > Z E W d d e & d d d E & E d d e & d d d D & W d d e & d d d > Z D E d d dd t & W d > t t & W, & > D d ded & Z dd md d > ^ & D Z dd dde ^ Z W de ddd d dd md d, & > D t d dd d e e md d dd md d W ded md d ^ ded d e ^ ded d d d d ddd d d & d md d W Z ded d d ^ ded d e ^ dd md d d edd d d W ^ ee md d ^ ^ ded d d ^ Z & edd d e Z & ^ & ded d d ^ Z & dd md d ^ ^ & d md d d d eed d d > ^ & D Z t d d eee e d dd md d Z e md d ^ ddd d e ^ eee d e d d ddd d e & Z dde d d ^ ddd d e ^ dd md d d ded d d & Z : de dddd W de
48 t t & ^ Z W de ddd W W ^ ^ ddd md d ^ Z & eee d e Z & ^ & ddd md d ^ dd md d ^ ^ & dd md d d edd d e ^ Z W t d d eee dd e & dd eee ^ ded d d ^ dd md d d dee d d & ^ dd md d d dd md d W ^ ^ dd md d d dd md d & t d ddd d e ' d e edd e d t & > t md d & d d d d d d dd t & W d E t t & W ^ / d edd e md d W ded de d ^ dd md d d edd de e ^ K / t d edd de e E W & de ded dde md d W ddd d e Z d md d ^ edd d d d d dde d d & Z dd md d ^ dde md d d ddd md d D d md d Z de md d d dd md d W ^ de md d ^ & ed md d ^ Z & dee d e W Z & dde d d W ^ dee d e W ^ & ed md d > & ^ & e md d > & de md d d eed d d E W & t d d ded e d & Z : de dddd W dd
49 t t & W > Z dd ded d md d W ee md d ^ dee d e d dee d d & Z d md d ^ de md d d dd md d D Z dd md d d dd md d W ^ e md d > Z dd ded ^ & e ^ Z & ddd d d Z & ^ & dde d e > & de md d d ede d e md d > Z t d d ded e d E & ed dde d md d eed d d ^ eed d d d d dde d d & d md d > d md d Z d ded d d ^ d dde d e d d dde d e D Z d md d d d md d W ^ & dde d e ^ Z & d ddd d e Z & ^ & dde d e Z & ded md d > & ^ & edd d d > & edd d e d d ddd d d E & t d e ded dd d D dd eee d md d ddd md d ^ d ddd d d d d ddd e d & ^ e md d d e md d W ^ ded d d ^ Z & dde md d d edd d e D t d d dde e d & dddd ee d d ^ dd d d d dde d d & t d dde d d ' d dd ede dd d t & > & Z : de dddd W dd
50 4.0 DISCUSSION d E >, dd dd t e > dd E > d d / E d & d d d E ' d & W t ' deed d d & W t d t /, < dddd d / d & Z : de dddd W dd
51 W < dddd deee dd d ed D, ddde dd ddd h ^ E deee ^ ^ deed K & deee & dddd E > d W ' > E d ^ d d d d E > 4.1 Biological Productivity, / & Z : de dddd W dd
52 t d dd,, d d 4.2 Carbon Cycling / d ^ d d d 4.3 Hydrology, d D 4.4 Water Quality d & Z : de dddd W dd
53 & D, 4.5 Habitat >, s & & d, D d d > ^ ^ dddd & Z : de dddd W dd
54 5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ee > / d d dd ddd / e > dd E d E dd d dd ddd K t ' d d W / W t & Z : de dddd W de
55 6.0 REFERENCES deee Z t W ' t W / ^ D D > D Z : ' D & : s dddd d t s ^ D > W Z dd : dd de dddd, Z /, > / : d Z < d deee Z d de de t, deed ^ / E W ded dde / ' Z ^ / E t : W d, edd ' deed d & W t t ^ K KE, > ^ W ' ' > Z D t : < ddde t & K d Z ^ s < : dddd & s & Z d t Z W ^ t D dddd, d Ez D ^ : deed E Z E > W ^ : E> dee E > deee W / E E W E & Z > d s d d ^ : E> edd E > deee W / t E W E & Z > d s d d ^ : E> dde E > deed W / E W E & Z > d s d d ^ : E> edd E > deed W / E E W E & Z > d s d d ^ : E> dde E > deed W / ^ E W E & Z > d s d d ^ : E> edd E Z W Z ^ : & deee Z Z t t & s E t ^ t Z h^ ' ^ t ^ W dddd ^ Z D D deed t & h, Z t & / h^ t & Z : de dddd W de
56 ^ dddd > / d > > ^ W E ^ : E> d deed t Z W e de / Z & W W t t > ^ E dd > K KE t ' Z deee d t ^ W t Z h t KE ee t deed W E : de deee deee t deee : s ^ e ede eee t,, deee t W dde ddd / E t t ' t W > ^ E dd ^ K KE W W / D Y ddd t & W deed W W dde dee/ ' Z ^ / E : d, edd t Z s deed W E W eee eee / W ^ W / ' d d d deed s t ^ deed ^ dd dd dd & Z : de dddd W de
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