Dr. Nidal Hussein 7/15/2018

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Dr. Nidal Hussein 7/15/2018"

Transcription

1 Dr. Nidal Hussein What is a Fluid? A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously whilst acted upon by any force (shear force) tangential to the area on which it acts The ratio of the shear force to the area on which it acts is known as the shear stress A Fluid owes its shape at any time to that of the vessel containing it Fluids flow Types of Fluids Fluids are divided into liquids and gases depending on their molecular structure A fixed amount of a liquid has a definite volume which varies only slightly with temperature and pressure A Fixed amount of a gas, by itself in a closed container, will always expand until its volume equals that of the container 1

2 When a shear stress is applied: Fluids continuously deform Solids deform or bend Types of Fluids Liquids have much greater densities than gases A given volume of a liquid contains larger number of molecules than an equal volume of a gas Weight of a liquid has an important role to play unlike gases Molecular structure The different characteristics of solids, liquids and gases result from differences in their molecular structure In solids and liquids the molecules are much closer together than in a gas Molecules are in continual movement Molecules have an attraction for one another When two molecules come close to one another (of the order of the diameter of a molecule), repulsion force pushes them apart (like two billiard balls) 2

3 In a solid, the movement of molecules is slight (vibration) and do not move relative to one another In a liquid the movement of is greater, but they attract and repel one another, they move in curves rather than in straight lines) The force of attraction between liquid molecules is sufficient to keep them together in a definite volume In gases, molecular movement is very much greater; the number of molecules in a given space is much less. Any molecule travels a much greater distance before meeting another. The forces of attraction between molecules (inversely proportional to the square of the distance) are negligible (molecules are free to travel away from one another until they are stopped by a solid or liquid boundary The continuum To understand fluids behavior, we need to model the action of each individual molecule and focus on the average conditions of velocity, pressure, temperature, density Reasonable and valid assumption when the number of molecules involved in the situation is huge 1 m 3 volume of air at STP (P = kpa, T=15 C ) contains 2.5 x molecules. NOT valid with small number of molecules (very very low pressure gases) In fluid mechanics, usually we do not deal with single molecules (scientists), we consider a continuous distribution of matter with no empty space = continuum (engineers) Quantities such as velocity, acceleration and the properties of the fluid are assumed to vary continuously (or remain constant) from one point to another in the fluid 3

4 Fluid Mechanics Principles of mechanics are those of the conservation of matter, the conservation of energy and Newton s laws of motion The field of study in which the fundamental principles of general mechanics are applied to liquids and gases to explain observed phenomena, and to predict the behavior of fluid under specified conditions Fluid mechanics Fluid statics for fluid at rest Fluid dynamics for fluid in motion Some History ARCHIMEDES ( B.C.): Established elementary principles of buoyancy and flotation LEONARDO da VINCI ( ) Expressed elementary principle of continuity; observed and sketched many basic flow phenomena; suggested designs for hydraulic machinery. EVANGELISTA TORRICELLI ( ) Related barometric height to weight of atmosphere, and form of liquid jet to trajectory of free fall DANIEL BERNOULLI ( ) Experimented fluid motion, coining name hydrodynamics ; devised manometry technique and adapted primitive energy principle to explain velocity-head indication 4

5 Some History GOTTHILF HEINRICH LUDWIG HAGEN ( ) Conducted original studies of resistance in and transition between laminar and turbulent flow JEAN LOUIS POISEUILLE ( ) Performed tests on resistance of flow through capillary tubes HENRI PHILIBERT GASPARD DARCY ( ) Performed extensive tests on filtration and pipe resistance; initiated open-channel studies GEORGE GABRIEL STOKES ( ) Derived analytically various flow relationships ranging from wave mechanics to viscous resistance particularly that for the settling of spheres. Fluid Mechanics The Basic laws governing the flow motion include: The conservation of mass Newton s second law of motion (Net force acting on a system is proportional to the system mass times its acceleration) The principle of angular momentum (The net torque acting on a system is equal to the rate of change of angular momentum of the system) The first law of theromdynamics - compressible fluids (Conservation of energy) The second law of theromdynamics - compressible fluids Basic Equation The ideal gas equation of state p RT 5

6 Fluid mechanics is applied in such areas as: Canal Design Dam systems The design of pumps, compressors, piping and ducting used in the water and air conditioning systems Piping systems needed in chemical, water and wastewater treatment plants Aerodynamics of automobiles and sub- and supersonic airplanes development of many different flow measurement devices such as gas pump meters Large-scale wind turbines, energy generation from ocean waves, artificial hearts and valves and liver, aerodynamics of the golf, tennis, and soccer ball, smart fluids and microfluids are just a small sampling of the newer areas of fluid mechanics A system is defined as a fixed, identifiable quantity of mass The system boundaries separate the system from the surroundings(fixed or movable), no mass crosses the system boundaries. A control volume is an arbitrary volume in space through which fluid flows The geometric boundary of the control volume is called the control surface real or imaginary 6

7 Control Volume (or Open System ) System (or Closed System ) A reducing water pipe section has an inlet diameter of 50 mm and exit diameter of 30 mm. If the steady inlet speed (averaged across the inlet area) is 2.7 m/s, find the exit speed. 7

8 Assumption: Water is incompressible (density ρ=constant) Use conservation of mass No reaction (mass in = mass out) ρv i A i = ρv e A e Qualitative understanding not enough Fast of slow Must express in quantitative terms Velocity is numerical value and units Quantity is used to identify any physical attribute capable of representation by measurement (e.g. mass, weight, volume, distance, time and velocity) The value of a quantity is defined as the magnitude of the quantity expressed as the product of a number (numeric) and a unit 8

9 Each quantity has A name (represented by a quantity symbol) A unit (represented by a unit symbol) A unit is a particular way of attaching a numerical value to the quantity System of units Units of the Système International d Unités (SI units ) international version of the metric system (Sanctioned in the US since 1866) Imperial system of measure Metric System (based on based on mètre des Archive (CGS-MKS-MTS) Units within a system of units are: Base units (primary units) independent-, taken together, the base units define the system of units Derived units (secondary units) which can be determined from the definition of the base units Velocity is reported as 30 m/s 30 is described as the numeric m/s are the units of measurement Equivalent to 108 km/h Find it in ft/week??? 9

10 Dimension Vs Units The dimension of a variable is a fundamental statement of the physical nature of that variable Physical quantities such as length, time, mass, and temperature are referred to as dimensions Distance, depth, height, width, thickness have different meanings, but all have the dimensions of length and can all be measured in the same units(e.g. meters) Flow rate: rate at which substance of mixture entering or leaving the system (Volume/time) 10

11 From these base or primary units, all other units, known as derived or secondary units m/s: a unit of velocity Two abbreviated forms of notation were in common use: metre/second =m/s or m s 1 Recently, The half-high dot (also known as the middle dot)was the most abbreviation used metre/second is expressed as m s 1 11

12 12

13 Small Quantities: Deci(10^-1), centi(10^-2), milli(10^-3), micro(10^-6), nano(10^-9), pico(10^-12), femto(10^-15) Larg Quantities: deka(10^1), hecto(10^2), kilo(10^3), mega(10^6), giga(10^9), tera(10^12), peta(10^15) Equations must be dimensionally homogeneous Units must be consistent Absolute Metric system The unit of mass is the gram, of length is centimeter, of time is the second. Force units is 1 dyne 1 g cm/sec 2 British Gravitational (BG)system, the unit of force is the pound (lb f ), of length is the foot (ft) 1 slug 1 lb f sec 2 /ft English Engineering (EE)system A force of one pound (1 lb f ) gives a pound mass (1 lb m ) an acceleration equal to standard acceleration of gravity on Earth, ft/sec 2. 13

14 Since a force of 1 lbf accelerates 1 lbm at 32.2 ft/sec2, it would accelerate 32.2 lbm at 1 ft/sec2. A slug also is accelerated at 1 ft/sec2 by a force of 1 lbf. Therefore, 1 slug = 32.2 lb m 28 14

9/17/2014. Fluid Mechanics (I) Introduction. Hamid-Reza Kariminia Fall, Idle vs. Moving Car. Any change in smoke distribution?

9/17/2014. Fluid Mechanics (I) Introduction. Hamid-Reza Kariminia Fall, Idle vs. Moving Car. Any change in smoke distribution? Fluid Mechanics (I) Introduction Hamid-Reza Kariminia Fall, 2014 Idle vs. Moving Car Any change in smoke distribution? 1 Smoke from Chimneys What is the cause of the movement? Describe the movement at

More information

Fluid Mechanics. Spring 2009

Fluid Mechanics. Spring 2009 Instructor: Dr. Yang-Cheng Shih Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Spring 2009 Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 General Remarks 1-2 Scope

More information

HYDRAULICS STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULICS STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL HYDRAULICS 1 STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL Syllabus Hydraulics ( Fluid Mechanics ) Fluid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli's theorem and its application, flow

More information

Nicholas J. Giordano. Chapter 10 Fluids

Nicholas J. Giordano.  Chapter 10 Fluids Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 10 Fluids Fluids A fluid may be either a liquid or a gas Some characteristics of a fluid Flows from one place to another Shape varies according

More information

FE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering)

FE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering) Topic: Fluid Properties 1. If 6 m 3 of oil weighs 47 kn, calculate its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. 2. 10.0 L of an incompressible liquid exert a force of 20 N at the earth s surface.

More information

An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department. Fluid Mechanics. Chapter 1. General Introduction

An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department. Fluid Mechanics. Chapter 1. General Introduction 1 An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Chapter 1 General Introduction 2 What is Fluid Mechanics? Mechanics deals with the behavior of both stationary and moving bodies

More information

s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I

s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam General Section Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering October 26, 2010 s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013

Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013 Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Mechanics Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013 s and FE Morning ( Mechanics) A. Flow measurement 7% of FE Morning B. properties Session

More information

Fluid Mechanics. Contributors of Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics. Contributors of Fluid Mechanics Contributors of 1 ARCHIMEDES, 287 212 B.C. Archimedes of Syracuse was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded

More information

ME 201 Engineering Mechanics: Statics. Unit 1.1 Mechanics Fundamentals Newton s Laws of Motion Units

ME 201 Engineering Mechanics: Statics. Unit 1.1 Mechanics Fundamentals Newton s Laws of Motion Units ME 201 Engineering Mechanics: Statics Unit 1.1 Mechanics Fundamentals Newton s Laws of Motion Units Additional Assistance Tutoring Center Mck 272 Engineering Walk-In Help Lab Aus??? Schedule to

More information

CH. I ME2560 STATICS General Principles GENERAL PRINCIPLES. Rigid body mechanics. Fluid mechanics

CH. I ME2560 STATICS General Principles GENERAL PRINCIPLES. Rigid body mechanics. Fluid mechanics 1. MECHANICS GENERAL PRINCIPLES Mechanics is the branch of physics (classic) that studies the state of rest or motion of bodies subjected to the action of forces. Rigid body mechanics Mechanics Deformable

More information

Chapter 14. Lecture 1 Fluid Mechanics. Dr. Armen Kocharian

Chapter 14. Lecture 1 Fluid Mechanics. Dr. Armen Kocharian Chapter 14 Lecture 1 Fluid Mechanics Dr. Armen Kocharian States of Matter Solid Has a definite volume and shape Liquid Has a definite volume but not a definite shape Gas unconfined Has neither a definite

More information

vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment about O is given:

vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment about O is given: The angular momentum A control volume analysis can be applied to the angular momentum, by letting B equal to angularmomentum vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment

More information

Measuring Time, Space, and Matter. Units of Measurement

Measuring Time, Space, and Matter. Units of Measurement Measuring Time, Space, and Matter Physics is an experimental science. To understand physics we must be able to connect our theoretical description of nature with our experimental observations of nature.

More information

Fluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak

Fluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak Fluid Mechanics Abdusselam Altunkaynak 1. Unit systems 1.1 Introduction Natural events are independent on units. The unit to be used in a certain variable is related to the advantage that we get from it.

More information

Pre Comp Review Questions 7 th Grade

Pre Comp Review Questions 7 th Grade Pre Comp Review Questions 7 th Grade Section 1 Units 1. Fill in the missing SI and English Units Measurement SI Unit SI Symbol English Unit English Symbol Time second s second s. Temperature Kelvin K Fahrenheit

More information

Standard physical units

Standard physical units Standard physical units SI base units (SI = Système International d Unités) Basic quantity SI base unit Name Symbol Length metre m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Electric current ampere A Temperature (thermodynamic

More information

Materials and Energy Balance in Metallurgical Processes. Prof. S. C. Koria. Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Materials and Energy Balance in Metallurgical Processes. Prof. S. C. Koria. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Materials and Energy Balance in Metallurgical Processes Prof. S. C. Koria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module No. # 01 Lecture No. # 02 Measurement

More information

William В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS. Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

William В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS. Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. William В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Fluid Properties Kinetic Theory

More information

Fluid Mechanics Introduction

Fluid Mechanics Introduction Fluid Mechanics Introduction Fluid mechanics study the fluid under all conditions of rest and motion. Its approach is analytical, mathematical, and empirical (experimental and observation). Fluid can be

More information

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Note to Students: A good approach is to read a chapter quickly once, then reread more carefully a second and even a third

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Note to Students: A good approach is to read a chapter quickly once, then reread more carefully a second and even a third Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Note to Students: A good approach is to read a chapter quickly once, then reread more carefully a second and even a third time, so that concepts develop a context and meaning.

More information

Contents. I Introduction 1. Preface. xiii

Contents. I Introduction 1. Preface. xiii Contents Preface xiii I Introduction 1 1 Continuous matter 3 1.1 Molecules................................ 4 1.2 The continuum approximation.................... 6 1.3 Newtonian mechanics.........................

More information

Introduction to Aerodynamics. Dr. Guven Aerospace Engineer (P.hD)

Introduction to Aerodynamics. Dr. Guven Aerospace Engineer (P.hD) Introduction to Aerodynamics Dr. Guven Aerospace Engineer (P.hD) Aerodynamic Forces All aerodynamic forces are generated wither through pressure distribution or a shear stress distribution on a body. The

More information

11.1 Mass Density. Fluids are materials that can flow, and they include both gases and liquids. The mass density of a liquid or gas is an

11.1 Mass Density. Fluids are materials that can flow, and they include both gases and liquids. The mass density of a liquid or gas is an Chapter 11 Fluids 11.1 Mass Density Fluids are materials that can flow, and they include both gases and liquids. The mass density of a liquid or gas is an important factor that determines its behavior

More information

Chapter 14. Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 14. Fluid Mechanics Chapter 14 Fluid Mechanics States of Matter Solid Has a definite volume and shape Liquid Has a definite volume but not a definite shape Gas unconfined Has neither a definite volume nor shape All of these

More information

Chapter 2 Dimensions, Units, and Unit Conversion

Chapter 2 Dimensions, Units, and Unit Conversion AE 205 Materials and Energy Balances Asst. Prof. Dr. Tippabust Eksangsri Chapter 2 Dimensions, Units, and Unit Conversion Dimensions Dimensions are concepts of measurement in engineering works. The basic

More information

COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I 3 credit hour. Basic Equations in fluid Dynamics

COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I 3 credit hour. Basic Equations in fluid Dynamics COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I 3 credit hour Basic Equations in fluid Dynamics Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET 1 Description of Fluid

More information

ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics

ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics Scott Li, Ph.D., P.Eng. Mechanical Engineering Technology Camosun College Jan.13, 2017 Review of Last Class Course Outline Class Information Contact Information, Website

More information

PHYSICS 1 REVIEW PACKET

PHYSICS 1 REVIEW PACKET PHYSICS 1 REVIEW PACKET Powers of Ten Scientific Notation and Prefixes Exponents on the Calculator Conversions A Little Trig Accuracy and Precision of Measurement Significant Figures Motion in One Dimension

More information

Aerodynamics. Basic Aerodynamics. Continuity equation (mass conserved) Some thermodynamics. Energy equation (energy conserved)

Aerodynamics. Basic Aerodynamics. Continuity equation (mass conserved) Some thermodynamics. Energy equation (energy conserved) Flow with no friction (inviscid) Aerodynamics Basic Aerodynamics Continuity equation (mass conserved) Flow with friction (viscous) Momentum equation (F = ma) 1. Euler s equation 2. Bernoulli s equation

More information

Fluid Mechanics-61341

Fluid Mechanics-61341 An-Najah National University College of Engineering Fluid Mechanics-61341 Chapter [1] Fundamentals 1 The Book (Elementary Fluid Mechanics by Street, Watters and Vennard) Each chapter includes: Concepts

More information

Knowledge Organiser Year 12 Semester 1: Measurements and Movement

Knowledge Organiser Year 12 Semester 1: Measurements and Movement Knowledge Organiser Year 12 Semester 1: Measurements and Movement 1.1 Practical Skills (assessed in the written exam) Show understanding of experimental design, including to solve problems set in a practical

More information

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS:

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Important Definitions: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Fluid: A substance that can flow is called Fluid Both liquids and gases are fluids Pressure: The normal force acting per unit area of a surface is

More information

ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS. CHAPTER 1 Properties of Fluids

ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS. CHAPTER 1 Properties of Fluids CHAPTER 1 Properties of Fluids ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Development of Fluid Mechanics 1.3 Units of Measurement (SI units) 1.4 Mass, Density, Specific Weight, Specific Volume, Specific

More information

PHYSICS 149: Lecture 2

PHYSICS 149: Lecture 2 PHYSICS 149: Lecture 2 Chapter 1 1.1 Why study physics? 1.2 Talking physics 1.3 The Use of Mathematics 1.4 Scientific Notation and Significant Figures 15Units 1.5 1.6 Dimensional Analysis 1.7 Problem-Solving

More information

Worksheet 1 Units, Signifiant Figures, Dimensional Analysis, & Density

Worksheet 1 Units, Signifiant Figures, Dimensional Analysis, & Density Name: Name: Name: Name: Worksheet 1 Units, Signifiant Figures, Dimensional Analysis, & Density Objeitives To recognize and use both S.I. and English units correctly. To be able to record a measurement

More information

CLASS SCHEDULE 2013 FALL

CLASS SCHEDULE 2013 FALL CLASS SCHEDULE 2013 FALL Class # or Lab # 1 Date Aug 26 2 28 Important Concepts (Section # in Text Reading, Lecture note) Examples/Lab Activities Definition fluid; continuum hypothesis; fluid properties

More information

ME3250 Fluid Dynamics I

ME3250 Fluid Dynamics I ME3250 Fluid Dynamics I Section I, Fall 2012 Instructor: Prof. Zhuyin Ren Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut Course Information Website: http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~rzr11001/me3250_f12/

More information

Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow

Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow The specific objective of this lesson is to conduct a brief review of the fundamentals of fluid flow and present: A general equation for conservation of mass

More information

Basic Fluid Mechanics

Basic Fluid Mechanics Basic Fluid Mechanics Chapter 3B: Conservation of Mass C3B: Conservation of Mass 1 3.2 Governing Equations There are two basic types of governing equations that we will encounter in this course Differential

More information

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 The Fluid. 1-2 Dimensions. 1-3 Units. 1-4 Fluid Properties. 1 1-1 The Fluid: It is the substance that deforms continuously when subjected to a shear stress. Matter Solid Fluid

More information

US Customary System (USC) Systeme Internationale (SI) Prefixes. Units & Significant Figures

US Customary System (USC) Systeme Internationale (SI) Prefixes. Units & Significant Figures Units & Significant Figures US Customary System (USC) What is the length of this line? Based on things that made sense to people Previously known as English (or British) 1 inch = 3 dry, round, barleycorns

More information

CE 6303 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS L T P C QUESTION BANK 3 0 0 3 UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS PART - A 1. Define fluid and fluid mechanics. 2. Define real and ideal fluids. 3. Define mass density

More information

PHYSICS. Complete Study Material and 1000 Objective bits Useful for all SSC, RRB & Group Exams METRE

PHYSICS. Complete Study Material and 1000 Objective bits Useful for all SSC, RRB & Group Exams METRE PHYSICS Complete Study Material and 1000 Objective bits Useful for all SSC, RRB & Group Exams PHYSICAL QUANTITIES The quantities like length, mass, time, temperature, area, volume and density, etc. which

More information

FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES EXPERIMENT

FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES EXPERIMENT University of Leicester Engineering Department FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES EXPERIMENT Page 1 FORMAL LABORATORY REPORT Name of the experiment: FLOW MEASUREMENT IN PIPES Author: Apollin nana chaazou Partner

More information

Pre Comp Review Questions 8 th Grade Answers

Pre Comp Review Questions 8 th Grade Answers Pre Comp Review Questions 8 th Grade Answers Section 1 Units 1. Fill in the missing SI and English Units Measurement SI Unit SI Symbol English Unit English Symbol Time second s second s. Temperature Kelvin

More information

The Metric System. The International System of Units

The Metric System. The International System of Units The Metric System The International System of Units Origin of the Metric System Idea of standardized system of measurement based on the decimal was first proposed as early as ~1670. The first practical

More information

I. Qualit a Qualit t a ive iv vs. Quantit Quan a tit tiv a e tiv Measurements

I. Qualit a Qualit t a ive iv vs. Quantit Quan a tit tiv a e tiv Measurements I. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Measurements Qualitative Measurement 1) Qualitative measurement = a measurement that gives descriptive, NONnumeric results a)ex: Jillian ran a fast race. b)ex: The light

More information

Introduction. KIN335 Biomechanics Spring 2005

Introduction. KIN335 Biomechanics Spring 2005 Introduction KIN335 Biomechanics Spring 2005 What is Biomechanics? Bio- : Something to do with living or biological system -mechanics : Something to do with the analysis of forces and their effects Biomechanics:

More information

Chapter 4 DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW

Chapter 4 DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW Faculty Of Engineering at Shobra nd Year Civil - 016 Chapter 4 DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW 4-1 Types of Energy 4- Euler s Equation 4-3 Bernoulli s Equation 4-4 Total Energy Line (TEL) and Hydraulic Grade Line

More information

G302 - Basics Review of Math and Algebra

G302 - Basics Review of Math and Algebra G302 - Basics Review of Math and Algebra I. MATHEMATICS REVIEW A. Decimal Fractions, basics and definitions 1. Decimal Fractions - a fraction whose deonominator is 10 or some multiple of 10 such as 100,

More information

Chapter 5 Control Volume Approach and Continuity Equation

Chapter 5 Control Volume Approach and Continuity Equation Chapter 5 Control Volume Approach and Continuity Equation Lagrangian and Eulerian Approach To evaluate the pressure and velocities at arbitrary locations in a flow field. The flow into a sudden contraction,

More information

Objectives. Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation

Objectives. Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation Objectives Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation Conservation of Mass Conservation of Mass Mass, like energy, is a conserved

More information

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics Sixth Edition Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics International Student Version BRUCE R. MUNSON DONALD F. YOUNG Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics THEODORE H. OKIISHI Department

More information

Chapter Four fluid flow mass, energy, Bernoulli and momentum

Chapter Four fluid flow mass, energy, Bernoulli and momentum 4-1Conservation of Mass Principle Consider a control volume of arbitrary shape, as shown in Fig (4-1). Figure (4-1): the differential control volume and differential control volume (Total mass entering

More information

Tute UV1 : MEASUREMENT 1

Tute UV1 : MEASUREMENT 1 Tute UV1 : MEASUREMENT 1 We measure physical quantities. To achieve this we firstly define the quantity, then secondly we define units in terms of which that quantity can be measured. Definition of a Quantity:

More information

Technical English -I 3 rd week SYSTEMS OF UNITS

Technical English -I 3 rd week SYSTEMS OF UNITS Technical English -I 3 rd week SYSTEMS OF UNITS 2D 3D Coordinate conversion (Transformation coordinates) From Cartesian to polar, or vice versa (below) From a local system to a global system (right) Polar

More information

REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II. Lecture 1. Sep 27, Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy. Zewail City for Science and Technology

REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II. Lecture 1. Sep 27, Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy. Zewail City for Science and Technology REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II Lecture 1 Sep 27, 2017 Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy Zewail City for Science and Technology Course Materials drahmednagib.com 2 COURSE OUTLINE Fundamental of Flow in pipes

More information

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Spring 2019

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Spring 2019 ME3560 Tentative Schedule Spring 2019 Week Number Date Lecture Topics Covered Prior to Lecture Read Section Assignment Prep Problems for Prep Probs. Must be Solved by 1 Monday 1/7/2019 1 Introduction to

More information

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS CHAPTER-10 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS QUESTIONS 1 marks questions 1. What are fluids? 2. How are fluids different from solids? 3. Define thrust of a liquid. 4. Define liquid pressure. 5. Is pressure

More information

Hydroelectric Design

Hydroelectric Design INTERAMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BAYAMON PUERTO RICO Hydroelectric Design Dr. Eduardo G. Pérez Díaz Erik T. Rosado González 5/14/2012 Hydroelectric design project for fluid class. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF

More information

CHAPTER 6 Fluids Engineering. SKMM1922 Introduction of Mechanical Engineering

CHAPTER 6 Fluids Engineering. SKMM1922 Introduction of Mechanical Engineering CHAPTER 6 Fluids Engineering SKMM1922 Introduction of Mechanical Engineering Chapter Objectives Recognize the application of fluids engineering to such diverse fields as microfluidics, aerodynamics, sports

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. T-S Leu Mar. 1, Main Topics

Chapter 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. T-S Leu Mar. 1, Main Topics Chapter 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics T-S Leu Mar. 1, 2010 Main Topics Definition of a Fluid Basic Equations Methods of Analysis Dimensions and Units 1 Definition of Fluid Substance: Solid, liquid

More information

1. The Properties of Fluids

1. The Properties of Fluids 1. The Properties of Fluids [This material relates predominantly to modules ELP034, ELP035] 1.1 Fluids 1.1 Fluids 1.2 Newton s Law of Viscosity 1.3 Fluids Vs Solids 1.4 Liquids Vs Gases 1.5 Causes of viscosity

More information

AE 2020: Low Speed Aerodynamics. I. Introductory Remarks Read chapter 1 of Fundamentals of Aerodynamics by John D. Anderson

AE 2020: Low Speed Aerodynamics. I. Introductory Remarks Read chapter 1 of Fundamentals of Aerodynamics by John D. Anderson AE 2020: Low Speed Aerodynamics I. Introductory Remarks Read chapter 1 of Fundamentals of Aerodynamics by John D. Anderson Text Book Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc.

More information

Experiment- To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. Experiment To determine the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter.

Experiment- To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. Experiment To determine the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter. SUBJECT: FLUID MECHANICS VIVA QUESTIONS (M.E 4 th SEM) Experiment- To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. Q1. Explain impulse momentum principal. Ans1. Momentum equation is based on Newton s

More information

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES REMARKS HOUR

TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES REMARKS HOUR .0 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 5. Physical Quantities and Units a) List out the basic quantities and their respective SI units: length (m),

More information

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018 ME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018 Week Number 1 Wednesday 8/29/2018 1 Date Lecture Topics Covered Introduction to course, syllabus and class policies. Math Review. Differentiation. Prior to Lecture Read

More information

CHEM 2: An Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry

CHEM 2: An Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry Dimensional Analysis: Numbers and Units: The English System of units The Metric System of units (SI) Prefixes (kilo-, centi-, milli-, etc.) A systematic method for performing unit conversions Formulating

More information

Detailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015

Detailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015 Detailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015 I. Introduction (Chapters 1 and 2) A. What is Fluid Mechanics? 1. What is a fluid? 2. What is mechanics? B. Classification of Fluid Flows 1. Viscous

More information

Chapter 1. Introduction. Relationship fields in mechatronics.

Chapter 1. Introduction. Relationship fields in mechatronics. Chapter Introduction. Mechatronics The creators of curricula at technical universities have known for a long time that a good designer, apart from the skills of coding, should possess interdisciplinary

More information

St Olave s Grammar School. AS Physics Mock Revision Checklist

St Olave s Grammar School. AS Physics Mock Revision Checklist St Olave s Grammar School Mock Practical skills.. a Can you design experiments, including ones to solve problems set in a practical context?.. b Can you identify the variables that must be controlled in

More information

Review of Fluid Mechanics

Review of Fluid Mechanics Chapter 3 Review of Fluid Mechanics 3.1 Units and Basic Definitions Newton s Second law forms the basis of all units of measurement. For a particle of mass m subjected to a resultant force F the law may

More information

FE Exam Fluids Review October 23, Important Concepts

FE Exam Fluids Review October 23, Important Concepts FE Exam Fluids Review October 3, 013 mportant Concepts Density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity (Water 1000 kg/m^3, Air 1. kg/m^3) Meaning & Symbols? Stress, Pressure, Viscosity; Meaning

More information

Shell Balances in Fluid Mechanics

Shell Balances in Fluid Mechanics Shell Balances in Fluid Mechanics R. Shankar Subramanian Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Clarkson University When fluid flow occurs in a single direction everywhere in a system, shell

More information

EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER

EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER 1.1 AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1.2 EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Orifice meter test rig, Stopwatch 1.3 PREPARATION 1.3.1

More information

Number vs. Quantity. Quantity - number + unit UNITS MATTER!! for a measurement to be useful, must include both a number and unit

Number vs. Quantity. Quantity - number + unit UNITS MATTER!! for a measurement to be useful, must include both a number and unit Measurement Data UNITS MATTER!! Number vs. Quantity Quantity - number + unit for a measurement to be useful, must include both a number and unit Measurements We make measurements every day: buying products,

More information

What is Physics? It is a Science

What is Physics? It is a Science It is a Science What is Physics? (What is science?) Physics is a physical science (as compared to earth or life science). Physics is the study of motion and energy. Science is a study Science How is science

More information

CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS. A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude.

CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS. A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude. CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude. In a fluid at rest, normal stress is called pressure. 1 Dimensions,

More information

UNIT II CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

UNIT II CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER UNIT II CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER Convection is the mode of heat transfer between a surface and a fluid moving over it. The energy transfer in convection is predominately due to the bulk motion of the fluid

More information

1 2 Models, Theories, and Laws 1.5 Distinguish between models, theories, and laws 2.1 State the origin of significant figures in measurement

1 2 Models, Theories, and Laws 1.5 Distinguish between models, theories, and laws 2.1 State the origin of significant figures in measurement Textbook Correlation Textbook Correlation Physics 1115/2015 Chapter 1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 1.1 Describe thoughts of Aristotle vs. Galileo in describing motion 1 1 Nature of Science 1.2

More information

ChE 201: Introduction to Chemical Engineering. CHE 201: Introduction to Chemical Engineering Calculations

ChE 201: Introduction to Chemical Engineering. CHE 201: Introduction to Chemical Engineering Calculations بسم االله الرحمن الرحيم CHE 201: Introduction to Chemical Engineering Calculations Dr. Saad Al-Shahrani Text Book: Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, by David M. Himmelblau and

More information

Pre-Comp Review Questions- 8 th Grade

Pre-Comp Review Questions- 8 th Grade Pre-Comp Review Questions- 8 th Grade Section 1- Units 1. Fill in the missing SI and English Units Measurement SI Unit SI Symbol English Unit English Symbol Time second s. Temperature K Fahrenheit Length

More information

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts What is a fluid? A fluid is a substance in the gaseous or liquid form Distinction between solid and fluid? Solid: can resist an applied shear by deforming. Stress is proportional to strain Fluid: deforms

More information

Chapter 9. Solids and Fluids. States of Matter. Solid. Liquid. Gas

Chapter 9. Solids and Fluids. States of Matter. Solid. Liquid. Gas Chapter 9 States of Matter Solids and Fluids Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about equilibrium

More information

Unit Conversions, Important Constants and Relationships

Unit Conversions, Important Constants and Relationships NOTE: Exact quantities are specified as exact. Consider 1 as exact! mass (M) 1 kg = 2.20462 lb m = 35.27392 oz 1 lb m = 16 oz (exact)= 453.593 g length (L) 1 m = 10 10 (exact) angstroms (Å) = 100 cm =

More information

2 Standards for Measurement. Careful and accurate measurements of ingredients are important both when cooking and in the chemistry laboratory!

2 Standards for Measurement. Careful and accurate measurements of ingredients are important both when cooking and in the chemistry laboratory! 2 Standards for Measurement Careful and accurate measurements of ingredients are important both when cooking and in the chemistry laboratory! Chapter Outline 2.1 Scientific Notation 2.2 Measurement and

More information

Lesson 1.1 MEASUREMENT, UNITS, SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, AND PRECISION

Lesson 1.1 MEASUREMENT, UNITS, SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, AND PRECISION Lesson 1.1 MEASUREMENT, UNITS, SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, AND PRECISION I. Measurements Measurements can be either Qualitative or Quantitative Qualitiative Quality, like a color or smell, are simple observations

More information

2.The lines that are tangent to the velocity vectors throughout the flow field are called steady flow lines. True or False A. True B.

2.The lines that are tangent to the velocity vectors throughout the flow field are called steady flow lines. True or False A. True B. CHAPTER 03 1. Write Newton's second law of motion. YOUR ANSWER: F = ma 2.The lines that are tangent to the velocity vectors throughout the flow field are called steady flow lines. True or False 3.Streamwise

More information

Worksheet 2 Units, Signifiant Figures, Dimensional Analysis, & Density

Worksheet 2 Units, Signifiant Figures, Dimensional Analysis, & Density Name: Name: Name: Name: Worksheet 2 Units, Signifiant Figures, Dimensional Analysis, & Density Objeitives To recognize and use both S.I. and English units correctly. To be able to record a measurement

More information

CLASS 11th. Mole Concept

CLASS 11th. Mole Concept CLASS 11th Mole Concept 01. Classification of matter Chemistry deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter. These aspects can be best described and understood in terms of basic constituents

More information

1.1 WHAT IS MECHANICS?

1.1 WHAT IS MECHANICS? H1 1 C H A P T E R Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 What Is Mechanics? 1.2 Fundamental Concepts and Principles 1.3 Systems of Units 1.4 Conversion from One System of Units to Another 1.5 Method

More information

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. Prepared by Engr. John Paul Timola

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. Prepared by Engr. John Paul Timola CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Prepared by Engr. John Paul Timola ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Science that involves design and analysis of devices and systems for energy conversion Deals with heat and work and

More information

Table of Contents. Preface... xiii

Table of Contents. Preface... xiii Preface... xiii PART I. ELEMENTS IN FLUID MECHANICS... 1 Chapter 1. Local Equations of Fluid Mechanics... 3 1.1. Forces, stress tensor, and pressure... 4 1.2. Navier Stokes equations in Cartesian coordinates...

More information

Lecture notes on * Measurement and Error * Least Square Fitting

Lecture notes on * Measurement and Error * Least Square Fitting Lecture notes on * Measurement and Error * Least Square Fitting Department of Optical Engineering University of Gaziantep Oct 2016 Sayfa 1 PART I Measurement and Error Sayfa 2 System of Units Physics is

More information

Fluid Mechanics. du dy

Fluid Mechanics. du dy FLUID MECHANICS Technical English - I 1 th week Fluid Mechanics FLUID STATICS FLUID DYNAMICS Fluid Statics or Hydrostatics is the study of fluids at rest. The main equation required for this is Newton's

More information

COVENANT UNIVERSITY NIGERIA TUTORIAL KIT OMEGA SEMESTER PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COVENANT UNIVERSITY NIGERIA TUTORIAL KIT OMEGA SEMESTER PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COVENANT UNIVERSITY NIGERIA TUTORIAL KIT OMEGA SEMESTER PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COURSE: GEC 223 DISCLAIMER The contents of this document are intended for practice and leaning purposes at the

More information

2 Navier-Stokes Equations

2 Navier-Stokes Equations 1 Integral analysis 1. Water enters a pipe bend horizontally with a uniform velocity, u 1 = 5 m/s. The pipe is bended at 90 so that the water leaves it vertically downwards. The input diameter d 1 = 0.1

More information

Physics 11. Unit 1 Mathematical Toolkits

Physics 11. Unit 1 Mathematical Toolkits Physics 11 Unit 1 Mathematical Toolkits 1 1.1 Measurement and scientific notations Système International d Unités (SI Units) The base units for measurement of fundamental quantities. Other units can be

More information