stabilized 10-fs lasers and their application to laser-based electron acceleration

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1 Carrier-envelope envelope-phase-stabilized stabilized sub fs lasers and their application to laser-based electron acceleration L. Veisz, E. Goulielmakis, A. Baltuška, and F. Krausz Vienna University of Technology Institute of photonics, Gusshausstrasse 27/387 A-1040 Vienna, AUSTRIA MPI für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1 D Garching, Germany

2 Outline Carrier-Envelop Phase (CEP) CEP-stabilized amplifier in Vienna General application of a CEP-stabilized laser: High Harmonic and Attosecond Pulse Generation Electron acceleration with sub-10-fs, CEP stabilized lasers One stage electron acceleration in plasma Cascaded electron acceleration in plasma and in vacuum Summary

3 Carrier-Envelope Phase (CEP) ω n = n ω r + ω 0 ϕ = 2π ω 0 /ω r ω r /2π = c/2l repetition rate ω 0 = 2(nω r + ω 0 ) (2nω r + ω 0 ) H.R.Telle et al., Appl. Phys. B 69, 327 (1999); J. Reichert et al., Opt. Commun. 172, 59 (1999)

4 Interferometer I E=2 nj pulse Diffr. grating _λ 2 Schematic of CEP Stabilized Amplifier MO1 WLG MO2 (photonic crystal fiber) ω _λ CE 2 detector blue Dichroic 530 nm mirror Polarizing Adjustable delay beam _λ _ λ splitter 2 VND 2 SFG Polarizer ω rep detector Interferometer II E<1 µj pulse IR SFG WLG (sapphire) Polarizer Spectrometer A. Baltuška, et al., Nature 421, 611 (2003)

5 Pulse Parameters Delay (fs) Wavelength (nm) Electric field strength (a.u.) 1 0 A(t) Intensity Intensity Photon energy (ev) j=p/2 j= Time (fs)

6 Double Phase-Lock Loop 4 Unlocked Combined phase-lock Phase drift [rad] Intensity Wavelength [nm] Simple phase-lock (oscillator only) f-to-2f interference Combined phase-lock (with fast+slow feedback) Time [s] Intensity Wavelength [nm] CEP stability with 2 loops: π/6 200 attosecond accuracy!!!

7 Application and a Quick and Easy Check: High Harmonic and Attosecond Pulse Generation Step 1 Optical field ionization Temporal manifestation e - E(t) L ϕ=0 XUV Emission ϕπ = /2 XUV Emission Step 2 Time Time - e acceleration E(t) L Step 3 XUV emission on recollision e - E(t) L e - Spectral Intensity ϕπ = /2 Spectral manifestation (Highest energy photons) ϕ=0 XUV Photon Energy

8 Experimental Results with 5.4-fs pulses 5-fs 0.5-mJ 1-kHz phaselocked pulses Vacuum Zr bandpass filter Ne gas target XUV CCD XUV beam Transmission diffr. grating ϕ=-π ϕ=-π/2 Intensity ϕ=0 ϕ=+π/2 A. Baltuška, et al., Nature 421, 611 (2003) R. Kienberger, et al., Nature 427, 817 (2004) Unlocked Photon energy [ev]

9 How to Use These Lasers for Electron Acceleration? Laser-based electron acceleration In plasma In vacuum Bubble regime of electron acceleration or Laser wake field acceleration Sub-10-fs pulses Capture and Acceleration Scenario (CAS) Sub-10-fs pulses + Carrier-envelope phase stabilization Advantage: less sensitive to synchronization Disadvantage: requires plasma Advantage: simple setup Disadvantage: sensitive to synchronization

10 One Stage Bubble Acceleration High efficiency ~ 10% Nonthermal spectrum τ L ~1/(2ω p ) Criterion for electron acceleration: Wavebreaking Wavebreaking field E wb /E 0 =[2(γ p -1)] 1/2 γ p =1/(1-v g2 /c 2 )=ω 0 /ω p ~1/n e 1/2 n e ~ω p2 ~τ L -2

11 Scaling of the Electron Energy with the Laser Energy Sublinear scaling of the electron energy with laser energy VLPL 3D PIC Simulations by A. Pukhov Multi-stage (or cascaded) electron acceleration is practical

12 Cascaded electron acceleration in plasmas High Electron Energies Laser 2 e - Laser 1 Gas Jet 2 Accelerator Gas Jet 1 Injector Stage 1.) Bubble accelerator (injector) Large laser energy requirements! Stage 2.) Laser wake field accelerator (booster) No special requirements Electron bunch length ~ Laser Pulse Duration Synchronization is not critical

13 Cascaded Electron Acceleration Short Electron Bunches Bubble acceleration + laser-vacuum acceleration Θ~7 Phase velocity smaller than light velocity c CEP stabilization is important Short electron bunch for 5fs laser pulse at selected electron angle

14 Summary Ti:sapphire CEP-controlled amplifier: Phase-stabilization stabilization of amplified 1 khz 5-fs 5 pulses has been demonstrated. Achieved accuracy: 200 attosecond Typical applications: HHG and Attosecond pulse generation Laser Based Electron Acceleration: Bubble acceleration 2 stage acceleration: LWFA Laser vacuum acceleration

15 Cooperations L. Veisz, E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, M. Lezius, N. Ishii, Th. Metzger, L. Turi, V.S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, Prof. F. Krausz TU Wien Th. Udem, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, Prof. Th. Hänsch MPI für Quantenoptik G. G. Paulus, F. Lindner, Prof. H. Walther MPI für Quantenoptik Th. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, M. Drescher, Prof. U. Heinzmann Uni. Bielefeld

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