Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 5494

Transcription

1 Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 5494 Edited by R. Goebel, J. Siekmann, and W. Wahlster Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science

2 Peter Bruza Donald Sofge William Lawless Keith van Rijsbergen Matthias Klusch (Eds.) Quantum Interaction Third International Symposium, QI 2009 Saarbrücken, Germany, March 25-27, 2009 Proceedings 13

3 Series Editors Randy Goebel, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Jörg Siekmann, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany Wolfgang Wahlster, DFKI and University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany Volume Editors Peter Bruza Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia Donald Sofge Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Avenue S.W., Washington, DC 20375, USA William Lawless Paine College, th Street, Augusta, GA , USA Keith van Rijsbergen University of Glasgow, Department of Computing Science 17 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK Matthias Klusch German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, Saarbrücken, Germany Library of Congress Control Number: Applied for CR Subject Classification (1998): I.2, F.1, F.2.1-2, F.4.1, I.6, H.3 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 7 Artificial Intelligence ISSN ISBN X Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springer.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: /

4 Preface These are the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Quantum Interaction (QI-2009), held at the German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Saarbrücken during March 25-27, Quantum theory (QT) is being applied to domains such as artificial intelligence, human language, cognition, information retrieval, biology, political science, economics, organizations, and social interaction. After highly successful meetings at Stanford (QI-2007) and Oxford (QI-2008), QI-2009 brought together researchers interested in advancing and applying the methods and structures of QT to these and other domains outside of quantum physics: Advancement of theory and experimentation for applying quantum theory to non-quantum domains Use of quantum algorithms to address, or to more efficiently solve, problems in non-quantum domains (including contrasts between classical vs. quantum methods) Practical applications to quantum domains, such as implementation of AI, or information retrieval (IR) techniques The proceedings include 21 long papers and 3 position papers. Each paper was thoroughly reviewed by at least two members of the international Program Committee. The proceedings highlight the cross-disciplinary nature of quantum interaction with papers covering topics such as computation, cognition, decision theory, information retrieval, information systems, social interaction, computational linguistics and finance. In addition, we were honored to receive a keynote presentation by Dagmar Bruss (Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Düsseldorf). We gratefully acknowledge the support of Earl Research and Kirsty Kitto for helping prepare these proceedings. January 2009 Peter Bruza Donald Sofge William Lawless Keith van Rijsbergen Matthias Klusch

5 Organization Organizing Committee Peter Bruza Donald Sofge William Lawless Keith van Rijsbergen Matthias Klusch Queensland University of Technology, Australia Naval Research Laboratory, USA Paine College, USA University of Glasgow, UK DFKI, Germany Program Committee Sven Aerts Diederik Aerts Salvador Venegas-Andraca Dagmar Bruss Peter Bruza Jerome Busemeyer Stephen Clark BobCoecke Charles Fox Riccardo Franco Liane Gabora Emmanuel Haven Kirsty Kitto Andre Khrennikov Matthias Klusch Pierfrancesco La Mura Marco Lanzagorta William Lawless Michael Leyton Massimo Melucci Dusko Pavlovic Keith van Rijsbergen Donald Sofge Giuseppe Vitiello Dominic Widdows John Woods Brussels Free University, Belgium Brussels Free University, Belgium Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico University of Düsseldorf, Germany QUT, Australia Indiana University, USA Oxford University, UK OxfordUniversity,UK Oxford University, UK ISIF, Italy University of British Columbia, Canada University of Leicester, UK QUT, Australia Växjö University, Sweden DFKI, Germany Leipzig School of Management, Germany ITT Corporation, USA) Paine College, USA Rutgers University, USA University of Padua, Italy Oxford University, UK University of Glasgow, UK) Naval Research Laboratory, USA) Universitá disalerno,italy Google, USA University of British Columbia, Canada

6 Table of Contents Tutorial Introduction to Quantum Probability for Social and Behavioral Scientists... 1 Jerome R. Busemeyer Invited Talk Revealing Quantum Entanglement via Locally Noneffective Operations... 3 Dagmar Bruß, Sevag Gharibian, and Hermann Kampermann Foundations Fractals and the Fock-Bargmann Representation of Coherent States... 6 Giuseppe Vitiello Generalising Unitary Time Evolution Kirsty Kitto, Peter Bruza, and Laurianne Sitbon Comparison of Quantum and Bayesian Inference Models Jerome R. Busemeyer and Jennifer Trueblood Quantum-Like Representation of Macroscopic Configurations Andrei Khrennikov Quantum Cognition Experimental Evidence for Quantum Structure in Cognition Diederik Aerts, Sven Aerts, and Liane Gabora Extracting Spooky-Activation-at-a-Distance from Considerations of Entanglement Peter Bruza, Kirsty Kitto, Douglas Nelson, and Cathy McEvoy Quantum Amplitude Amplification Algorithm: An Explanation of Availability Bias Riccardo Franco Quantum Coherence without Quantum Mechanics in Modeling the Unity of Consciousness Marcin Jan Schroeder

7 VIII Table of Contents Quantum Mechanics and Decision Theory An Exploration of Type Indeterminacy in Strategic Decision-Making Jerome R. Busemeyer and Ariane Lambert-Mogiliansky Classical Logical Versus Quantum Conceptual Thought: Examples in Economics, Decision Theory and Concept Theory Diederik Aerts and Bart D Hooghe Quantum Mechanics and Computation Quantum and Classical Structures in Nondeterminstic Computation Dusko Pavlovic A Symbolic Classical Computer Language for Simulation of Quantum Algorithms Peter Nyman Quantum Theory, the Chinese Room Argument and the Symbol Grounding Problem Ravi V. Gomatam Quantum Mechanics and Social Interaction Conservation of Information: A New Approach to Organizing Human-Machine-Robotic Agents under Uncertainty William F. Lawless, Donald A. Sofge, and H.T. Goranson On Voting Process and Quantum Mechanics François Dubois Nonseparability of Shared Intentionality Christian Flender, Kirsty Kitto, and Peter Bruza Quantum Mechanics and Semantic Space Semantic Spaces: Measuring the Distance between Different Subspaces Guido Zuccon, Leif A. Azzopardi, and C.J. van Rijsbergen Characterizing Pure High-Order Entanglements in Lexical Semantic Spaces via Information Geometry Yuexian Hou and Dawei Song Semantic Vector Combinations and the Synoptic Gospels Dominic Widdows and Trevor Cohen

8 Table of Contents IX Quantum Mechanics and Information Retrieval Eraser Lattices and Semantic Contents: An Exploration of the Semantic Contents in Order Relations between Erasers Alvaro F. Huertas-Rosero, Leif A. Azzopardi, and C.J. van Rijsbergen Beyond Ontology in Information Systems Christian Flender, Kirsty Kitto, and Peter Bruza Structured Information Retrieval and Quantum Theory Benjamin Piwowarski and Mounia Lalmas Quantum Mechanics and Economics Hilbert Space Models Commodity Exchanges Paul Cockshott Quantum Calculus (q-calculus) and Option Pricing: A Brief Introduction Emmanuel Haven Author Index