Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)

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1 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor ield Effect Transistor (MOSET) Source Gate Drain p p n- substrate - SUB MOSET is a symmetrical device in the most general case (for example, in an integrating circuit) In a separate MOSET device the source and substrate are jointed

2 Types of MOSET n-channel p-channel Depleted n-channel Enhanced n-channel i DSAT i DSAT T < GS T > GS In Depleted MOSETs the drain current exists at GS

3 amily of MOSET Output characteristics n-channel i D f( SD ) GS const - SD - i D (ma) GS Linear region 5 5 DS () Saturation region

4 MOSET Transfer Characteristic n-channel i Dsat f( GS ) GS varies - i Dsat k ( GS - T ) 2 i Dsat (ma) 3 2 T g m i Dsat / GS -2 - GS () Transconductance g m is a function of GS

5 MOSET Transfer Characteristic i Dsat T -2 - GS () There is subthreshold drain current which decays exponentially below threshold voltage T

6 Ideal Operational Amplifier Any Op-Amp contains at least 5 terminals non-inverting input inverting input - CC (5) positive power supply OUT output EE (-5) negative power supply Ideal Op-Amp does the following Amplifies a differential signal ( - - ) and differential voltage gain A D is extremely high OUT A D ( - - ) A D Suppresses a common signal ( - ), i.e. OUT A C ( - ) A C

7 Properties of Ideal Op-Amp without eedback - OUT The input currents are negligible I, I -, Op-Amp has high input impeadances, - Low output impeadance OUT Transfer characteristic 5 OUT -2-2 Saturation -5 ( - - ), µ Linear egion

8 OpAmp with Negative eedback Negative feedback applies the output voltage to the input in the polarity to compensate the input voltage Negative feedback makes the OpAmp input voltages and - equal to each other within the linear range - Inverting Amplifier in t out in i in - A inv i in in The output signal is inverted with respect to input: ϕ 8 Limited input impeadance in out

9 in Non-inverting Amplifier out t in out - in - out A out non inv in The output and the input signals have the same phases: ϕ High input impeadance in

10 oltage Gain of Op-Amp with feedback Inverting configuration Non-inverting configuration KCL: i OUT i i B i OUT i i B OUT OUT i OUT B i OUT B i i B i i B OUT i - i OUT i - i OUT OUT B OUT A OUT A OUT

11 OpAmp Applications Analog integrator C i _ i C irtual GND KCL: i i C In the time domain: C t In the frequency domain: O ( t) C t ( t) dt jωc T O ( ω) j jωc ωτ

12 Active low-pass filter i _ C i Z jωc irtual GND KCL: i i Transfer function: Z O T ( ω) O Z jω C Magnitude response: Cut-off frequency: T ( ω) ω ω 2 f [ Hz] ω 2π 2πτ 2π C

13 Analog differentiator i C _ i irtual GND KCL: i i In the time domain: C t O ( t) In the frequency domain: O C t jω C O T ( ω) jωc jωτ

14 Active high-pass filter Z jωc C i _ i irtual GND KCL: i i Transfer function: T ( ω) O Z jω C Magnitude response: Cut-on frequency: f [ Hz] ω 2π 2πτ 2π C Z T ( ω) ω ω 2

15 Inverting summer KCL: i i 2 i i i 2 2 irtual GND _ I 2 2 If 2 then - ( 2 )

16 Logarithmic amplifier KCL: i i D I exp O T D i D 2 _ i D irtual GND T ln I, < T ln I, > T T ln const ( ln ( I ) )

17 Exponential amplifier KCL: i D i I exp T O D i D D 2 _ i irtual GND I exp T exp( T ) I const exp ( )

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