The Grammar and Etiquette of Scientific Math By T. Webb HHS
|
|
- Arthur Oliver
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Grammar and Etiquette of Scientific Math By T. Webb HHS You can be a mathematician without a lot of science, however, you cannot be a scientist without math Part 1 - Terminology in Basic Data Analysis Quantitative analysis is expressing data in numerical form. The data is measured within a given degree of accuracy and precision. This is an objective form of data. (Quantity how much answered with a number) Qualitative analysis involves descriptive terms that rely on the senses, such as sight, touch, sound, smell and taste. It is a subjective form of data that may be biased by personal experiences. (Quality a value answered by a description) Applications and terms used in quantitative analysis: (A) Relative Error: the magnitude, degree or size of an error; the deviation from the true or accepted value as compared to the derived value (your answer). The derived value is subtracted from the accepted/true value, and then divided by the accepted/true value; multiplied by 100 to get the percent error. (B) Precision: the reproducibility of results (data and measurements). A caliper may have the precision of measuring to 0.01 cm every time. Automated assembly lines have a high degree of precision they can do the same thing every time. (C) Accuracy: the correctness of a measurement to the desired result. The closer the result is to the true, standard or accepted value, the higher its degree of accuracy. Ideally, one should strive for a high degree of BOTH accuracy and precision! (D) Average or mean: obtained by adding together all results and dividing by the sum of the number of results. (E) Tolerance: the amount of accepted variation in the precision and accuracy in reference to a measuring instrument the instrument s limitations. For example, the average bathroom scale will be accurate up to 350 lb, and precise to 0.10 lb if used properly. It would not be suitable if you weighed more than 350 lb, or you wanted to get the mass of a toothpick. (A) Is bowling a strike once in 4 turns accurate? Precise? (B) Would it be better to have a precise soccer player, or an accurate one occasionally? 1
2 Part 2 - Digital Integrity 101 aka Significant Figures ( sig fig or sf) All digits (as in numbers, not just your fingers and toes) count as significant when obtained from a properly taken measurement. The last reasonably measured digit is uncertain, since we do not know the next number. The value of 56.9 cm has 3 sf, with the 9 being the uncertain digit. For another example, we would not record a measurement of cm taken by a common ruler as it is unreasonable and beyond the ruler s limitation of measure. The last reasonably measured digit would be the 3 a good website resource is A) Count all reasonably measured digits from 1 9 as significant. B) Exact numbers are not uncertain, and have an infinite number of sig figs. These are defined numbers such as 1000 m in 1 km, or 100 cm in 1 m. They also include numbers of counting objects that you cannot reasonably break down further 4 people or 23 pennies. Zeroes Do NOT count zeroes in front of a number, as they are only placeholders. Example: cm has only 3 sig figs the 224 part. We can convert this to 224 um and still have the same value. Do NOT count zeroes following a number unless there is a decimal in the measured value. Example: You ran m (1 sf) but unless you measured it exactly on a track at m (5 sf), you may have gone more or less than m Zeroes between numbers count as significant. Example: 204 m has 3 sf; km has 4 sf; m has sf Trailing zeroes do not count, and a bar indicates the last sig fig of uncertainty. Example: km has 2 sf; (draw bar over the 2 nd zero after the 4) m has 4 sf (up to the bar) Quick Practice How many significant digits are in these measurements?
3 Digital Integrity Part 2 - How Many Digits Can I Have in My Answer? Specific SI Rules - The International System of Units has accepted values for calculations based on reasonable measurements. It is expected that all data and numerical information is expressed using these rules Addition and Subtraction Rule: When adding or subtracting, calculate the answer and then round off to the LEAST number of DECIMAL PLACES contained in the question g g g g 10 g * no decimal place 4.54 g g = 47 g g = Please note: if more than one size of unit is given, generally convert to the larger unit and then do the calculation.) km km 609 m km 989 m km???? = km = 13. km 2. Multiplication and Division Rule: Do the math, and then round off to the LEAST number of DIGITS (Sig Figs) contained in the question. Please note - If doing a series of calculations, round off the final answer only. You will end up with a very inaccurate answer if you round off after every step! m x 2.1 m = = 28 m km / 4.2 h = = If using an exact number, do the math and then use the least number of decimal places in the other values of the question. Example: 42 horses x 1.25 bales/horse/day = 52.5 = bales/day 3. Rounding Off Rule If the number following the last one you can keep is a 6 or more, round it up. If the number following the last one you can keep is a 4 or less, leave it as is. If the number following the last one you can keep is a 5, use the ODD/EVEN rule. Statistically, the number 5 is exactly in the middle. There are 5 even digits (0,2,4,6,8) and 5 odd digits (1,3,5,7,9). The reason of the odd/even rule is that if you always round digits from 5 9 up, then there is only 1 4 times that you don t round at all. Therefore, if the number preceding the 5 is odd, round up; if it is even, leave it. Example keep only two digits for the following: (A) = 23.5 = 24 (B) = 12.5 = 12 3
4 4. Scientific Notation Writing very large or small numbers can be awkward, and difficult to manage in calculations. Besides using the preferred metric system of prefixes, scientific notation can also make values much easier to work with. For example, the average wavelength of gamma rays is m. This is 64 trillionth of a metre try doing calculations with that! Scientific notation would change this to 6.4 x m. The coefficient number (11) is how many placeholders (for a power of ten each) are present, and if it is negative, you have a decimal value; a positive is a whole number. To put into scientific notation, move the decimal until only ONE digit is in front of it. Count how many spaces you moved, and that is your coefficient for the power of ten cm = 2.3 x 10 4 cm m = 3.88 x 10-7 m To expand a number, multiply it by the power of x 10 3 m = m 5.08 x 10-2 cm = cm Notate: (A) The human body contains ~ ml of blood. (B) Astronomers predict that our sun will last another a. (C) The mass of a proton is ~ g. Expand: (A) The area of Canada is ~ 1.0 x 10 7 km 2. (B) X-rays have a 4.84 x m wavelength. 5. Metric Rules and Symbols (A) Symbols are always printed, and lowercase letters used. The exceptions are units derived from a proper name, such as Joule, Watt, Newton, Litre (B) Symbols are never pluralized 12 g, not 12 gs (C) Do not put a period after a symbol, unless it is at the end of a sentence. (D) A full space is between the number and the symbol: 25 m, not 25m (E) Use decimals, not fractions, and put a zero before the decimal: 0.87, not.87 (F) Generally, we use the term mass for the weight of something. (G) The Celsius scale indicates temperatures. (H) Numbers and symbols are used together, not numbers and names. 10 km, not 10 kilometres Find the errors and correct them: (A) Mike ran in the 400-metre relay when it was 32 degrees outside! (B) The recipe called for 1 ½ cups of sugar and 45 ml. of vanilla. (C) The joules to heat one gram of water 1 degree Celsius is 4.2 j. 4
5 Practice 1. Give an example of an instrument s tolerance and explain what it means. 2. Describe how a person could be accurate, but not precise, using an example of your choice. 3. List three quantitative observations about this room. (a) (b) (c) 4. List three qualitative observations about yourself. (a) (b) (c) 5. Why would scientists, mathematicians, engineers etc be interested in relative error? 6. What value is considered a reasonable margin of error? Would this depend on what was being measured, or the situation involved? Explain and give reasons with examples. 7. Calculate, and give your answer according to the SI rules for significant figures (A) 2.1 g (B) m (C) L (D) m g m L x 1.4 m + 3 g (E) km (F) 19.3 cm (G) 91.2 g (H) 76.4 L 1.01 h x 4.5 cm 4.2 g/doz 9 people = = = 5
THE GRAMMAR AND ETIQUETTE OF SCIENTIFIC MATH
THE GRAMMAR AND ETIQUETTE OF SCIENTIFIC MATH You can be a mathematician without a lot of science However, you can t be a scientist without math T.Webb HHS Part 1 - Terminology in Basic Data Analysis Quantitative
More informationMeasurement. New Topics accuracy vs. precision rounding in chemistry significant figures determining uncertainty of a measurement % error moles - 1 -
Measurement Unit Description In this unit we will focus on the mathematical tools we use in science, especially chemistry the metric system and moles. We will also talk about how to gauge the accuracy
More informationMetric Prefixes UNITS & MEASUREMENT 10/6/2015 WHY DO UNITS AND MEASUREMENT MATTER?
UNITS & MEASUREMENT WHY DO UNITS AND MEASUREMENT MATTER? Chemistry In Action On 9/3/99, $15,000,000 Mars Climate Orbiter entered Mar s atmosphere 100 km (6 miles) lower than planned and was destroyed by
More informationChemistry Chapter 2 Data Analysis
Chemistry Chapter 2 Data Analysis I. Units of Measurement 2.1 (pages 25-30) A. The metric system (SI units) Why the metric system? B. Base Units of the SI System Based on an object or event of the of other
More informationMeasurement. Scientific Notation. Measurements and Problem Solving. Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation
Measurement Chapter 2 Measurements and Problem Solving Quantitative observation Comparison based on an accepted scale e.g. Meter stick Has 2 parts number and unit Number tells comparison Unit tells scale
More informationAppendix B: Skills Handbook
Appendix B: Skills Handbook Effective communication is an important part of science. To avoid confusion when measuring and doing mathematical calculations, there are accepted conventions and practices
More informationMeasurement Chapter 1.6-7
Unit 1 Essential Skills Measurement Chapter 1.6-7 The Unit 1 Test will cover material from the following Chapters and Sections: 1.all 2.5-8 3.all 2 Two types of Data: When we make observations of matter,
More informationMeasurements. October 06, 2014
Measurements Measurements Measurements are quantitative observations. What are some kinds of quantitative observations you might make? Temperature Volume Length Mass Student A and Student B measured the
More informationChapter 2. Measurements and Calculations
Chapter 2 Measurements and Calculations Section 2.1 Scientific Notation Measurement Quantitative observation. Has 2 parts number and unit. Number tells comparison. Unit tells scale. If something HAS a
More informationTools of Chemistry. Measurement Scientific Method Lab Safety & Apparatus
Tools of Chemistry Measurement Scientific Method Lab Safety & Apparatus Scientific Notation Scientific Notation a number described as a power of 10 (used for very large or small numbers) 1000 = 1 X 10
More informationIntroductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed.
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed. by Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste University of Illinois Chapter 2 Measurements and Calculations
More informationChemistry Basic Science Concepts. Observations: are recorded using the senses. Examples: the paper is white; the air is cold; the drink is sweet.
Note Packet # 1 1 Chemistry: the study of matter. Chemistry Basic Science Concepts Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space. Observations: are recorded using the senses. Examples: the paper is
More informationChapter 2 - Measurements and Calculations
Chapter 2 - Measurements and Calculations 2-1 The Scientific Method "A logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating
More informationNotes: Unit 1: Math and Measurement
Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 1: Math and Measurement www.chempride.weebly.com Key Ideas Major Understandings: o Chemistry is the study of matter: Matter takes up space and has mass. (K- 4, 3.1a)
More informationNotes: Unit 1: Math and Measurement
Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 1: Math and Measurement www.chempride.weebly.com Key Ideas Major Understandings: o Chemistry is the study of matter: Matter takes up space and has mass. (K- 4, 3.1a)
More informationIn chemistry we use metric units (called SI units after the French term for Systeme internationale.
Metric system / SI units: In chemistry we use metric units (called SI units after the French term for Systeme internationale. SI units: The SI units we ll be primarily concerned with are shown here: Base
More informationA.0 SF s-uncertainty-accuracy-precision
A.0 SF s-uncertainty-accuracy-precision Objectives: Determine the #SF s in a measurement Round a calculated answer to the correct #SF s Round a calculated answer to the correct decimal place Calculate
More informationMeasurement and Uncertainty
Measurement and Uncertainty Name: Date: Block: There is uncertainty in every measurement due to of accuracy and precision. Accuracy: how close the instrument measures to an accepted. Precision: how closely
More informationBase unit-a defined unit of measurement based on an object or event in the physical world. Length
Base unit-a defined unit of measurement based on an object or event in the physical world Five base units: Temperature Mass Length Time Energy Derived unit-a unit of measurement defined by a combination
More informationLECSS Physics 11 Introduction to Physics and Math Methods 1 Revised 8 September 2013 Don Bloomfield
LECSS Physics 11 Introduction to Physics and Math Methods 1 Physics 11 Introduction to Physics and Math Methods In this introduction, you will get a more in-depth overview of what Physics is, as well as
More informationLab 1: Measurement. PART 1: Exponential Notation: Powers of 10
Lab 1: Measurement Equipment: 2 meter sticks You will find these websites useful for today s lab: SI Base Units: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/units/units.html Metric prefixes: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/units/prefixes.html
More informationSCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT. Ch 2 Chemistry is a lot of math!
SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT Ch 2 Chemistry is a lot of math! WARM UP 1.Name 3 tools used for measurement. 2.What is a unit? 3.Give an example of a unit. 4.Why are units important. CH 2 SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT
More informationCh. 3 Notes---Scientific Measurement
Ch. 3 Notes---Scientific Measurement Qualitative vs. Quantitative Qualitative measurements give results in a descriptive nonnumeric form. (The result of a measurement is an describing the object.) *Examples:,,
More information**Multiply has higher priority **some calculators will do in correct order but not all DO NOT rely on your calculator!
1 Chemistry 047 Math in Chem Math in Chemistry: A. Multiplication/Division symbols B. Order of operations C. Ratio D. proportion E. Scientific notation F. Unit conversions G. Dimensional analysis H. Derived
More informationPhysics 12 Rules for Significant Digits and Rounding
1 Physics 12 Rules for Significant Digits and Rounding One mathematical aspect of problem-solving in the physical sciences that gives some students difficulty deals with the rounding of computed numerical
More informationPHYSICS 30S/40S - GUIDE TO MEASUREMENT ERROR AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
PHYSICS 30S/40S - GUIDE TO MEASUREMENT ERROR AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES ACCURACY AND PRECISION An important rule in science is that there is always some degree of uncertainty in measurement. The last digit
More informationPre-Lab 0.2 Reading: Measurement
Name Block Pre-Lab 0.2 Reading: Measurement section 1 Description and Measurement Before You Read Weight, height, and length are common measurements. List at least five things you can measure. What You
More informationWelcome to CHEM 1101
Welcome to CHEM 1101 Lecture Times: Tuesday and Thursday 9 to 9:50 a.m. Instructor: Dr. Muhannad Amer Office Location: 44 staff Bldng Required Materials Text: Chemistry, 7th ed., Zumdahl Please see course
More informationWhere did measurement come from? What were the earliest measures? (No need to take notes yet)
Where did measurement come from? What were the earliest measures? (No need to take notes yet) The earliest weights - seeds and beans. Ancient measurement of length was based on the human body, foot, stride,
More informationChemistry 11. Measuring and Recording Scientific Data. Measurement tools Graphing Scientific notation Unit conversions Density Significant figures
Chemistry 11 Measuring and Recording Scientific Data Measurement tools Graphing Scientific notation Unit conversions Density Significant figures Name: Block: Measuring and Recording Significant Data SI
More informationChapter 1 : Introduction
Chapter 1 : Introduction It is doubtless fact that people always want to know about the mysteries of nature and the world around them since they are born. So they start thinking and formulating their views
More informationChemistry 11. Unit 2 : Introduction to Chemistry
Chemistry 11 Unit 2 : Introduction to Chemistry 1 2 1. Unit conversion In Chemistry 11 and 12, a mathematical method called Unit Conversions will be used extensively. This method uses CONVERSION FACTORS
More informationRules for Determining Significant Digits
Significant Figures Name: Per: aka: Significant Digits Certain Digits: Numbers you are sure of. Uncertain Digits: Last number is an estimate. Certain Digits & Uncertain digits Measurement made with instruments
More informationEvery time a measurement is taken, we must be aware of significant figures! Define significant figures.
SCHM 103: FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY Ch. 2: Numerical Side of Chemistry Types of data collected in experiments include: Qualitative: Quantitative: Making Measurements Whenever a piece of data is collected,
More informationChapter 2 Measurements & Calculations. Quantity: A thing that can be measured. ex. Length (6.3 ft), mass (35 kg), and time (7.2 s)
Chapter 2 Measurements & Calculations Quantity: A thing that can be measured. ex. Length (6.3 ft), mass (35 kg), and time (7.2 s) Measurements can be expressed in a variety of units: Example: length(cm,
More informationIntroduction to Measurement Physics 114 Eyres
1 Introduction to Measurement Physics 114 Eyres 6/5/2016 Module 1: Measurement 1 2 Significant Figures Count all non-zero digits Count zeros between non-zero digits Count zeros after the decimal if also
More informationChemistry: The Study of Change Chang & Goldsby 12 th edition
Chemistry: The Study of Change Chang & Goldsby 12 th edition modified by Dr. Hahn Chapter 1 Example 1.4 Determine the number of significant figures in the following measurements: (a)478 cm (b)6.01 g end
More informationChapter 1 (Part 2) Measurements in Chemistry 1.6 Physical Quantities
Chapter 1 (Part 2) Measurements in Chemistry 1.6 Physical Quantities This is a property that can by physically measured. It consists of a number and a unit of measure. (e.g. ) Units Units are very important.
More informationMeasurement 4: Scientific Notation
Q Skills Review The Decimal System Measurement 4: Scientific Notation Dr. C. Stewart We are so very familiar with our decimal notation for writing numbers that we usually take it for granted and do not
More informationNotes: Measurement and Calculation
Name Chemistry-PAP Per. I. The Basics of Measurement Notes: Measurement and Calculation A. Measurement Most provide quantitative information, but because they are obtained experimentally, they are inexact.
More informationCHAPTER TWO: MEASUREMENTS AND PROBLEM SOLVING
CHAPTER TWO: MEASUREMENTS AND PROBLEM SOLVING Measurements: Our Starting Point! Why should we begin our study of chemistry with the topic of measurement?! Much of the laboratory work in this course is
More informationAllows us to work with very large or small numbers more easily. All numbers are a product of 10.
Unit 1: Measurements Scientific Notation : Allows us to work with very large or small numbers more easily. All numbers are a product of 10. M x 10n M= signif. digit [ 1 < M < 10 ] n = an integer move the
More informationPhysics. Nov Title: Nov 3 8:52 AM (1 of 45)
Physics Nov 3 2008 Title: Nov 3 8:52 AM (1 of 45) Physics Nov 3 2008 Physics is the branch of science that studies matter and energy, how they are related and how they interact. Physics covers everything
More informationToday is Thursday, February 8 th, 2018
In This Lesson: Measurement and Significant Figures (Lesson 3 of 6) Today is Thursday, February 8 th, 2018 Stuff You Need: Calculator Pre-Class: Get your calculators and get ready. Something else to do:
More informationScientific Measurement
Scientific Measurement A quantity is anything having a measurable size or amount For Example: 5 But 5 what? A unit assigns value to a measured quantity For Example: 5 ft, 5 gal, 5 sec, 5 m, 5 g. Base Units
More informationCo Curricular Data Analysis Review
Chapter Vocabulary Co Curricular Data Analysis Review Base Unit Second (s) Meter (m) Kilogram (kg) Kelvin (K) Derived unit Liter Density Scientific notation Dimensional analysis (Equality) not in book
More informationChapter 3 Scientific Measurement
Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement Measurements We make measurements every day: buying products, sports activities, and cooking Qualitative measurements are words, such as heavy or hot Quantitative measurements
More informationScientific Method, Units of Measurement, Scientific Notation, Significant Figures BASICS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Scientific Method, Units of Measurement, Scientific Notation, Significant Figures BASICS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE EQ: WHAT IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE? The sciences can be divided into 2 main branches: and Natural
More informationDimensional Analysis, SI Units & Significant figures
Dimensional Analysis, SI Units & Significant figures WHAT IS CHEMISTRY The study of matter, its composition, structure, properties, and the changes it undergoes & energy changes associated with it. Scientific
More informationMeasurements and Calculations. Chapter 2
Measurements and Calculations Chapter 2 Scientific Method Section 2-1 The Scientific Method The scientific method is a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating
More informationCHM Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures (r14) C. Taylor 1/10
CHM 110 - Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures (r14) - 2014 C. Taylor 1/10 Introduction Observations are vitally important to all of science. Some observations are qualitative in nature - such
More informationMeasurements, Sig Figs and Graphing
Measurements, Sig Figs and Graphing Chem 1A Laboratory #1 Chemists as Control Freaks Precision: How close together Accuracy: How close to the true value Accurate Measurements g Knowledge Knowledge g Power
More informationNotes. In order to make numbers more "friendly" looking, the metric system sometimes uses prefixes in the front of the base units.
The Metric System By the eighteenth century, dozens of different units of measurement were commonly used throughout the world. Length, for example, could be measured in feet, inches, miles, spans, cubits,
More informationLesson 5: Significant Digits. AKA Significant Figures
Lesson 5: Significant Digits AKA Significant Figures First, take HW out to be checked. Keep it out. In CJ, copy down info from board. Keep CJ open to today s date at the top corner of your desk. On your
More informationChapter 2 Math Skills
Chapter 2 Math Skills 2.1 Measurements Measurement number with a unit Units are very important o A student wouldn t ask a teacher Could you please hand me 6? The student would instead ask, Could you please
More information1. Scientific Notation A shorthand method of displaying very (distance to. Express in Scientific Notation
Unit 2: MEASUREMENT 1. Scientific Notation 2. Metric System 3. Accuracy and Precision 4. Measuring & Counting Significant Figures 5. Calculations with Significant Figures 6. Density 1. Scientific Notation
More informationCHEM 100 Principles Of Chemistry. Chapter 2 - Quantitative Science
CHEM 100 Principles Of Chemistry Chapter 2 - Quantitative Science 2.1 Quantitative Science Much of the power of science comes from its quantitative aspects From observations that Coke sinks in water and
More informationCHAPTER 2 Data Analysis
CHAPTER 2 Data Analysis 2.1 Units of Measurement The standard of measurement used in science are those of the metric system. All the units are based on 10 or multiples of 10. SI Units: The International
More informationScientific Literacy & the Scientific Method
Scientific Literacy & the Scientific Method What does it mean to be? You ve probably hear that term before, and you might be thinking that literate means the ability to and. But what does it mean to be
More informationExact and Measured Numbers
EIE 240 Electrical and Electronic Measurement December 8, 2011 Werapon Chiracharit 1 Exact and Measured Numbers Exact numbers e.g. Ih have exactly 10 fingers and 10 toes. Any measurements e.g. a pen s
More information1. measure of how a measurement comes to the or true value of whatever is Example: 2. measure of how close a of measurements are to Example:
Chemistry Chapter 3: Metric, Measuring, Scientific Notation & Significant Figures. Name: 3-1 Measurements A. Scientific Notation: A number written as the product of two numbers: a and raised to a power.
More informationWelcome to Chemistry 121
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake Welcome to Chemistry 121 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake
More informationTutorial 2: Expressing Uncertainty (Sig Figs, Scientific Notation and Rounding)
Tutorial 2: Expressing Uncertainty (Sig Figs, Scientific Notation and Rounding) Goals: To be able to convert quantities from one unit to another. To be able to express measurements and answers to the correct
More informationChemistry 11. Unit 2: Introduction to Chemistry. Measurement tools Graphing Scientific notation Unit conversions Density Significant figures
Chemistry 11 Unit 2: Introduction to Chemistry Measurement tools Graphing Scientific notation Unit conversions Density Significant figures Book 1: Measuring and Recording Scientific Data Name: Block: 1
More information2.1 Units of Measurement. Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Measurements 2.1 Units of Measurement 1 Measurement You make a measurement every time you measure your height read your watch take your temperature weigh a cantaloupe 2 Measurement in Chemistry
More informationHW #1: 1.42, 1.52, 1.54, 1.64, 1.66, 1.70, 1.76, 1.78, 1.80, 1.82, 1.84, 1.86, 1.92, 1.94, 1.98, 1.106, 1.110, 1.116
Chemistry 121 Lecture 3: Physical Quantities Measuring Mass, Length, and Volume; Measurement and Significant Figures; Scientific Notation; Rounding Review Sections 1.7-1.11 in McMurry, Ballantine, et.
More informationChemistry Day 39. Friday, December 14 th Monday, December 17 th, 2018
Chemistry Day 39 Friday, December 14 th Monday, December 17 th, 2018 Do-Now: Reactions Quiz Do-Now 1. Write down today s FLT 2. Copy: KCl + H 2 O à? 3. Identify the type of reaction in #2. 4. Predict the
More informationIn Class Activity. Chem 107 Cypress College
In Class Activity Chem 107 Cypress College Metric System Give the metric prefix that corresponds to each of the following: a. 1,000,000 b. 10 6 c. 10-3 d. 10-2 e. 10-9 f. 0.000001 Metric System The metric
More informationExample 3: 4000: 1 significant digit Example 4: : 4 significant digits
Notes: Measurement and Math 1 Accuracy and Precision Precision depends on the precision of the measuring device o For example a device that can measure to the ten thousands place (1.6829 grams) is a more
More informationHow long is the arrow?
1.2 Measurements Measuring We have all measured things before, but how would you define it? Measurement: comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit (known quantity) How long is the arrow? Any measurement
More informationINTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE CHAPTER 1 1 Science is the study of Everything!! A way of learning about the natural world. Scientist: a person who studies, or has expert WHAT IS SCIENCE? knowledge of a natural
More informationMEASUREMENT CALCULATIONS AND. Chapter 2 Chemistry I
MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATIONS Chapter 2 Chemistry I 2018-2019 I. SCIENTIFIC METHOD A. SCIENTIFIC METHOD: The Scientific Method is a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data,
More informationChapter 2: Measurements & Calculations
Chapter 2: Measurements & Calculations LA-PRIVATE:sg:sg.02_Measurements_and_Calculations.docx (9/1/14) Chemistry Measurements & Calculations p.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SCIENTIFIC METHOD... 2 II. METRIC UNITS
More informationThe behavior and changes of matter and the related energy changes. Matter and processes of living organisms
Unit One Review Name Period Date Areas of Chemistry and Scientific Method Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass is
More informationCHM101 Lab Measurements and Conversions Grading Rubric
CHM101 Lab Measurements and Conversions Grading Rubric Name Team Name Criteria Points possible Points earned Lab Performance Printed lab handout and rubric was brought to lab 3 Safety and proper waste
More informationCRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 2 - Measurement and Calculations. Notes. Key Dates. LAB Dates
Name KEY Period CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 2 - Measurement and Calculations Notes Key Dates Quiz Date Exam Date LAB Dates Notes, Homework,Exam Reviews and Their KEYS located on CRHS Academic Chemistry
More informationMEASUREMENT AND PROBLEM SOLVING. Chapter 3 & 4
MEASUREMENT AND PROBLEM SOLVING Chapter 3 & 4 Importance of Measurements 1. Fundamental to all sciences 2. In chemistry you use the International System of Measurements (SI units). Qualitative vs. Quantitative
More informationWHAT IS CHEMISTRY? Chemistry 51 Chapter 1. Chemistry is the science that deals with the materials of the universe, and the changes they undergo.
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the science that deals with the materials of the universe, and the changes they undergo. Materials of the universe can be of several forms: Gas: Liquid: Solid: air, oxygen
More informationChapter 3 Scientific Measurement
Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement Measurements 2 types: Qualitative measurements (words) Heavy, hot, or long Quantitative measurements (# s) & depend on: 1) Reliability of measuring instrument 2) Care w/
More information2_SigDigs.notebook. September 12, Tumble Buggy Speeds... Dynamics Cart Speeds...
Tumble Buggy Speeds... Dynamics Cart Speeds... 1 Working with Measurements in Science in science our numbers cannot be exact. we never express measurements as exact values. (Measurements from last class.)
More informationIntroduction to Chemistry
Introduction to Chemistry A. Unit Conversions 1. In Chemistry 11 and 12, a mathematical method called Unit Conversions will be used extensively. This method uses CONVERSION FACTORS to convert or change
More informationScientific Method: a logical approach to understanding or solving problems that needs solved.
Chapter 2 Section 1 Section 2-1 Objectives Describe the purpose of the scientific method. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative observations. Describe the differences between hypotheses, theories,
More informationMeasurement Year 11. Rounding
Measurement Year 11 Rounding Do not round early. Students should carry all decimal places in working until the end of their calculations. They should then give their answers sensibly rounded. An answer
More informationWorksheet 0.3: Math and Measurements
Name Block Worksheet 0.3: Math and Measurements READING MEASURING DEVICES NOTES Here are a couple of examples of graduated cylinders: An important part of Chemistry is measurement. It is very important
More informationChapter 1. Chemistry and Measurements
Chapter 1 Chemistry and Measurements Section 1-1 Chemistry: the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. macroscopic: relating to large-scale analysis, visible to the naked eye microscopic: not visible
More informationAdvanced Physics Summer Assignment.
Advanced Physics Summer Assignment. Part 1 - Review /Read through the notes provided. Part 2 Assignment: Complete the math assignment sections that follow the notes. Metric Units & Conversion Multiplier
More informationSignificant Figures. Significant Figures 18/02/2015. A significant figure is a measured or meaningful digit.
Significant Figures When counting objects, it is easy to determine the EXACT number of objects. Significant Figures Unit B1 But when a property such as mass, time, volume, or length is MEASURED, you can
More informationSignificant Figures: A Brief Tutorial
Significant Figures: A Brief Tutorial 2013-2014 Mr. Berkin *Please note that some of the information contained within this guide has been reproduced for non-commercial, educational purposes under the Fair
More informationScientific Measurement
A measurement is a quantity that has both a number and a unit Some numbers encountered in science can be either very large or very small We use scientific notation to make those numbers easier to work
More informationMaking Measurements. Units of Length
Experiment #2. Measurements and Conversions. Goals 1. To measure and record length, volume and mass accurately with the correct number of significant figures 2. To convert between units using conversion
More informationDo Now: Use the ruler below to answer the following questions
Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Do Now: Use the ruler below to answer the following questions 1. What is each tick mark worth on the ruler? 2. When measuring, to which decimal place should you estimate
More informationChapter 1. Introduction: Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement Steps in the Scientific Method 1. Observations - quantitative - qualitative 2. Formulating hypotheses - possible explanation for the observation 3. Performing
More informationChapter 3 Math Toolkit
Chapter 3 Math Toolkit Problems - any Subtitle: Error, where it comes from, how you represent it, and how it propagates into your calculations. Before we can start talking chemistry we must first make
More informationMeasurements and Calculations. Chapter 2
Measurements and Calculations Chapter 2 Qualitative Observations: General types of observations. Easy to determine. Not necessarily precise. I have many fingers, the speed limit is fast, class is long,
More informationExample 1: The mass of the earth is 5.98 x kg. What is its order of magnitude? What is the order of magnitude for 400?
Physics 11 Realms of Physics Physics attempts to model the behavior of the universe from the very large scale (entire universe, 10 52 kg, 10 26 m, 10 19 s) to the very small (components of a proton, 10-28
More informationCHEM Chapter 1
CHEM 1110 Chapter 1 Chapter 1 OVERVIEW What s science? What s chemistry? Science and numbers Measurements Unit conversion States of matter Density & specific gravity Describing energy Heat and its transfer
More informationChapter 2: Standards for Measurement. 2.1 Scientific Notation
Chapter 2: Standards for Measurement 2.1 Scientific Notation A measurement (quantitative observation) consists of two parts: o Numerical value which gives magnitude, and o Unit which gives the scale used
More informationSignificant Figures, Measurement, and Calculations in Chemistry
Significant Figures, Measurement, and Calculations in Chemistry Carl Hoeger, Ph.D. University of California, San Diego SigFig 1 Part 1: Measurements, Errors, and Significant Figures Carl Hoeger, Ph.D.
More informationCHEM134, Fall 2018 Dr. Al-Qaisi Chapter 1 review
Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Ø Know the Scientific approach to knowledge Ø Define Mater, atom and molecule ü Explain and give examples of the following: element, mixture, mixture
More informationMeasurement and Significant Figures AP CHEMISTRY. Textbook: Chemistry by Zumdahl & Zumdahl, 9th edition, Instructor: Mrs.
AP CHEMISTRY Textbook: Chemistry by Zumdahl & Zumdahl, 9th edition, 2014. Instructor: Mrs. Beth Smith Ch 1 Chemical Foundations Big Idea 1: The chemical elements are fundamental building materials of matter
More information