Lecture 8. Observational Cosmology. Parameters of Our Universe. The Concordance Model
|
|
- Easter Wells
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lecture 8 Observational Cosmology Parameters of Our Universe The Concordance Model
2 Time and Distance vs Redshift d dt x =1+ z = R 0 R dt = dx x H(x) Friedmann : H(x) = x 3 + Ω Λ + (1 Ω 0 ) x 2 look - back time : t(z) = t 0 dt = t e radial distance : D 0 (z) = R 0 χ = Ω 0 + Ω Λ ( Ω R = 0) dx = 1 1+z dx x H(x) x x 3 + Ω Λ + (1 Ω 0 ) x 2 1+z 1 t 0 R 0 R(t) c dt = t e 1 x c dx = c 1+z dx x H(x) x 3 + Ω Λ + (1 Ω 0 ) x 2 circumferencial distance : r 0 = R 0 S k (χ) R 0 = c k Ω 0 1 angular diameter distance : D A = r 0 (1+ z) luminosity distance : D L = (1+ z) r 0 1+z 1 1 1/ 2 R χ r D
3 Angular Diameter Distance Ω Λ +Ω Λ = 1 Ω Λ = 0
4 D A (z) = r(z) 1+ z D L (z) = ( 1+ z) r(z) r(z) = R 0 S k ( χ(z) ) r(z) / c
5 Concordance Model Parameters 100 h km/s Mpc 70 km/s Mpc h 0.7 Ω R h (CMB photons + neutrinos) Ω B ~ 0.02 h 2 ~ 0.04 (baryons) ~ 0.3 (Dark Matter) Ω Λ ~ 0.7 (Dark Energy) Ω 0 Ω R + + Ω Λ =1.0 Flat Geometry
6 Our (Crazy?) Universe 70 km/s Mpc ~ 0.3 Ω Λ ~ 0.7 Ω R ~ Ω 0 =1.0 Vacuum Dominated Empty Critical Sub-Critical accelerating Cycloid decelerating
7 Evolution of Ω Density at a past/future epoch in units of ρ c = 3 2 /8π G Ω ρ = Ω w x 3(1+w) = Ω R x 4 + x 3 + Ω Λ x 1+ z = R 0 /R ρ c w in units of critical density 3 H 2 /8π G at the past/future epoch : (x) = H 2 0 H Ω x 3 2 M = Ω Λ (x) = H 2 0 H Ω = 2 Λ x 3 x 3 + Ω Λ + (1 Ω 0 )x 2 Ω Λ x 3 + Ω Λ + (1 Ω 0 )x 2 Do we live at a special time? Ω Λ log x
8 (x) = Ω Λ (x) = Evolution of Ω x 3 Ω R x 4 + x 3 + Ω Λ + (1 Ω 0 )x 2 Ω Λ Ω R x 4 + x 3 + Ω Λ + (1 Ω 0 )x 2
9 Concordance Model Three main constraints: 1. Supernova Hubble Diagram 2. Galaxy Counts + M/L ratios ~ Flat Geometry ( inflation, CMB fluctuations) Ω 0 = + Ω Λ = concordance model Ω Λ 0.7
10 H HST Key Project ± 3 ± 7 km s Mpc 1 Freedman, et al ApJ 553, 47.
11 Hubble time and radius Hubble constant : H R R Hubble time : R R 0 =100 h km/s Mpc 70 km/s Mpc t H 1 =10 10 h 1 yr yr ~ age of Universe Hubble radius : R H c = 3000 h 1 Mpc pc = distance light travels in a Hubble time. ~ distance to the Horizon.
12 Age vs Hubble time H = R R H = R R t = t0 deceleration decreases age acceleration increases age e.g. matter dominated R t 2 / 3 R = 2 3 H = R R = t R t t 0 = = 2 3 t H t H = 1 Age = t 0
13 Beyond Globular cluster ages: t < t 0 --> acceleration Radio jet lengths: D A (z) --> deceleration Hi-Redshift Supernovae: D L (z) --> acceleration Dark Matter estimates ---> Inflation ---> Flat Geometry CMB power spectra ~ 0.3 Ω Concordance Model ~ 0.3 Ω Λ ~ 0.7 Ω 0 = + Ω Λ 1.0
14 Age Constraints Nuclear decay ( U, Th -> Pb ) Decay times for ( 232 Th, 235 U, 238 U) = (20.3, 1.02, 6.45) Gyr 3.7 Gyr = oldest Earth rocks 4.57 Gyr = meteorites ~10 Gyr = time since supernova produced U, Th ( 235 U / 238 U = > 0.33, 232 Th / 238 U = > 2.3 ) Stellar evolution Gyr = oldest globular clusters White dwarf cooling ~13 Gyr = coolest white dwarfs in M4
15 Nuclear Decay Chronology P=parent D=daughter S=stable isotope of D Chemical fractionation changes P/S but not D/S: e.g. concentrate D+S in crystals Samples have same D 0 / S 0 various P 0 / S 0 P decays to D: t /τ P(t) = P 0 e t /τ D(t) = D 0 + P 0 1 e ( ) S(t) = S 0 ( ) = D 0 + P(t) e t /τ 1 D(t) S(t) = D 0 S 0 + P(t) S 0 ( e t /τ 1) D/S D 0 /S 0 Observed slope = ( e t /τ 1) P/S gives age t /τ, typically to ~ 1%
16 Globular Cluster Ages
17 12.7± 0.7 Gyr Coolest White Dwarfs Hansen et al ApJ 574,155 White dwarf cooling ages --> star formation at z > 5. Cooling times have been measured using ZZ Ceti oscillation period changes.
18 t 0 = 1 observations : Age Crisis (~1995) dx x x 3 + Ω Λ + (1 Ω 0 ) x 2 = 72 ± 8 km s 1 Mpc 1 t 0 14 ± 2 Gyr old globular clusters t ± 0.15 Globular clusters older than the Universe? Inconsistent with critical-density matter-only model : t 0 = 2 3 for (,Ω ) Λ = (1,0) ( Ω 0 =1) Strong theoretical prejudice for inflation. Doubts about stellar evolution therory (e.g. convection).
Olbers Paradox. Lecture 14: Cosmology. Resolutions of Olbers paradox. Cosmic redshift
Lecture 14: Cosmology Olbers paradox Redshift and the expansion of the Universe The Cosmological Principle Ω and the curvature of space The Big Bang model Primordial nucleosynthesis The Cosmic Microwave
More informationCosmology. Jörn Wilms Department of Physics University of Warwick.
Cosmology Jörn Wilms Department of Physics University of Warwick http://astro.uni-tuebingen.de/~wilms/teach/cosmo Contents 2 Old Cosmology Space and Time Friedmann Equations World Models Modern Cosmology
More informationThe Friedmann Equation R = GM R 2. R(t) R R = GM R GM R. d dt. = d dt 1 2 R 2 = GM R + K. Kinetic + potential energy per unit mass = constant
The Friedmann Equation R = GM R R R = GM R R R(t) d dt 1 R = d dt GM R M 1 R = GM R + K Kinetic + potential energy per unit mass = constant The Friedmann Equation 1 R = GM R + K M = ρ 4 3 π R3 1 R = 4πGρR
More informationEl Universo en Expansion. Juan García-Bellido Inst. Física Teórica UAM Benasque, 12 Julio 2004
El Universo en Expansion Juan García-Bellido Inst. Física Teórica UAM Benasque, 12 Julio 2004 5 billion years (you are here) Space is Homogeneous and Isotropic General Relativity An Expanding Universe
More informationThe oldest science? One of the most rapidly evolving fields of modern research. Driven by observations and instruments
The oldest science? One of the most rapidly evolving fields of modern research. Driven by observations and instruments Intersection of physics (fundamental laws) and astronomy (contents of the universe)
More informationCosmology Dark Energy Models ASTR 2120 Sarazin
Cosmology Dark Energy Models ASTR 2120 Sarazin Late Homeworks Last day Wednesday, May 1 My mail box in ASTR 204 Maximum credit 50% unless excused (but, better than nothing) Final Exam Thursday, May 2,
More informationCosmology. Assumptions in cosmology Olber s paradox Cosmology à la Newton Cosmology à la Einstein Cosmological constant Evolution of the Universe
Cosmology Assumptions in cosmology Olber s paradox Cosmology à la Newton Cosmology à la Einstein Cosmological constant Evolution of the Universe Assumptions in Cosmology Copernican principle: We do not
More information3.1 Cosmological Parameters
3.1 Cosmological Parameters 1 Cosmological Parameters Cosmological models are typically defined through several handy key parameters: Hubble Constant Defines the Scale of the Universe R 0 H 0 = slope at
More informationGalaxies 626. Lecture 3: From the CMBR to the first star
Galaxies 626 Lecture 3: From the CMBR to the first star Galaxies 626 Firstly, some very brief cosmology for background and notation: Summary: Foundations of Cosmology 1. Universe is homogenous and isotropic
More informationIntroduction. How did the universe evolve to what it is today?
Cosmology 8 1 Introduction 8 2 Cosmology: science of the universe as a whole How did the universe evolve to what it is today? Based on four basic facts: The universe expands, is isotropic, and is homogeneous.
More information6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
What we can learn about stars from their light: II Color In addition to its brightness, light in general is characterized by its color (actually its wavelength) 6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell
More informationCosmology: Building the Universe.
Cosmology: Building the Universe. The term has several different meanings. We are interested in physical cosmology - the study of the origin and development of the physical universe, and all the structure
More informationCosmology AS
Cosmology AS7009 2011 Exercises to be solved in class 1. Olbers paradox: Why is the sky dark at night? Let s assume that the universe is static and of infinite extent. The number density of stars is n,
More informationIntroduction and Fundamental Observations
Notes for Cosmology course, fall 2005 Introduction and Fundamental Observations Prelude Cosmology is the study of the universe taken as a whole ruthless simplification necessary (e.g. homogeneity)! Cosmology
More information1920s 1990s (from Friedmann to Freedman)
20 th century cosmology 1920s 1990s (from Friedmann to Freedman) theoretical technology available, but no data 20 th century: birth of observational cosmology Hubble s law ~1930 Development of astrophysics
More informationClusters are Very Large Magnets. U NM December 1, 2009
Clusters are Very Large Magnets U NM December 1, 2009 Carilli & Taylor 2002 (ARA&A) B ~ 10 µg Hydra A Faraday Rota
More information6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ Supernovae Type Ia in M82 January 22, 2014 Still rising may go to m = 8 (or 10?) What we can learn about stars from their light:
More information6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.
6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ Supernovae Type Ia in M82 January 22, 2014 Still rising may go to m = 8 (or 10?) What we can learn about stars from their light:
More information3 Observational Cosmology Evolution from the Big Bang Lecture 2
3 Observational Cosmology Evolution from the Big Bang Lecture 2 http://www.sr.bham.ac.uk/~smcgee/obscosmo/ Sean McGee smcgee@star.sr.bham.ac.uk http://www.star.sr.bham.ac.uk/~smcgee/obscosmo Nucleosynthesis
More informationLicia Verde. Introduction to cosmology. Lecture 4. Inflation
Licia Verde Introduction to cosmology Lecture 4 Inflation Dividing line We see them like temperature On scales larger than a degree, fluctuations were outside the Hubble horizon at decoupling Potential
More informationPhysics 661. Particle Physics Phenomenology. October 2, Physics 661, lecture 2
Physics 661 Particle Physics Phenomenology October 2, 2003 Evidence for theory: Hot Big Bang Model Present expansion of the Universe Existence of cosmic microwave background radiation Relative abundance
More informationAstr 2320 Thurs. May 7, 2015 Today s Topics Chapter 24: New Cosmology Problems with the Standard Model Cosmic Nucleosynthesis Particle Physics Cosmic
Astr 2320 Thurs. May 7, 2015 Today s Topics Chapter 24: New Cosmology Problems with the Standard Model Cosmic Nucleosynthesis Particle Physics Cosmic Inflation Galaxy Formation 1 Chapter 24: #3 Chapter
More informationAstro-2: History of the Universe
Astro-2: History of the Universe Lecture 6; April 30 2013 Lecture 5 - Summary 1 Mass concentrations between us and a given object in the sky distort the image of that object on the sky, acting like magnifying
More informationAy1 Lecture 17. The Expanding Universe Introduction to Cosmology
Ay1 Lecture 17 The Expanding Universe Introduction to Cosmology 17.1 The Expanding Universe General Relativity (1915) A fundamental change in viewing the physical space and time, and matter/energy Postulates
More informationAstronomy 233 Winter 2009 Physical Cosmology Week 3 Distances and Horizons Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz
Astronomy 233 Winter 2009 Physical Cosmology Week 3 Distances and Horizons Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz Astronomy 233 Physical Cosmology Winter 2009 Class meets MW 2-3:45PM, ISB 231
More informationStructure in the CMB
Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies = structure in the CMB Structure in the CMB Boomerang balloon flight. Mapped Cosmic Background Radiation with far higher angular resolution than previously available.
More informationCosmological Constraints on Dark Energy via Bulk Viscosity from Decaying Dark Matter
Cosmological Constraints on Dark Energy via Bulk Viscosity from Decaying Dark Matter Nguyen Quynh Lan Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam (University of Notre Dame, USA) Rencontres du Vietnam:
More informationThe early and late time acceleration of the Universe
The early and late time acceleration of the Universe Tomo Takahashi (Saga University) March 7, 2016 New Generation Quantum Theory -Particle Physics, Cosmology, and Chemistry- @Kyoto University The early
More informationModern Cosmology Final Examination Solutions 60 Pts
Modern Cosmology Final Examination Solutions 6 Pts Name:... Matr. Nr.:... February,. Observable Universe [4 Pts] 6 Pt: Complete the plot of Redshift vs Luminosity distance in the range < z < and plot (i)
More informationSupernovae explosions and the Accelerating Universe. Bodo Ziegler
Nobel Prize for Physics 2011 Supernovae explosions and the Accelerating Universe Institute for Astronomy University of Vienna Since 09/2010: ouniprof University of Vienna 12/2008-08/10: Staff member European
More informationWhy is the Universe Expanding?
Why is the Universe Expanding? In general relativity, mass warps space. Warped space makes matter move, which changes the structure of space. Thus the universe should be dynamic! Gravity tries to collapse
More informationOutline. Walls, Filaments, Voids. Cosmic epochs. Jeans length I. Jeans length II. Cosmology AS7009, 2008 Lecture 10. λ =
Cosmology AS7009, 2008 Lecture 10 Outline Structure formation Jeans length, Jeans mass Structure formation with and without dark matter Cold versus hot dark matter Dissipation The matter power spectrum
More informationThe structure and evolution of stars. Learning Outcomes
The structure and evolution of stars Lecture14: Type Ia Supernovae The Extravagant Universe By R. Kirshner 1 Learning Outcomes In these final two lectures the student will learn about the following issues:
More informationLecture 7:Our Universe
Lecture 7:Our Universe 1. Traditional Cosmological tests Theta-z Galaxy counts Tolman Surface Brightness test 2. Modern tests HST Key Project (H o ) Nucleosynthesis (Ω b ) BBN+Clusters (Ω M ) SN1a (Ω M
More informationGalaxy Formation Seminar 2: Cosmological Structure Formation as Initial Conditions for Galaxy Formation. Prof. Eric Gawiser
Galaxy Formation Seminar 2: Cosmological Structure Formation as Initial Conditions for Galaxy Formation Prof. Eric Gawiser Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy and Large-scale structure Cosmic Microwave
More informationThe Origin of the Halton Arp Quantized Inherent Redshift
Copyright 2017 by Sylwester Kornowski All rights reserved The Origin of the Halton Arp Quantized Inherent Redshift Sylwester Kornowski Abstract: The Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST) shows that the Halton Arp
More informationExam 4 Review EXAM COVERS LECTURES 22-29
Exam 4 Review EXAM COVERS LECTURES 22-29 Theoretically is there a center of the universe? Is there an edge? Do we know where Earth is on this? There is no center to the Universe, What kind of light we
More information13/01/2017. the. Big Bang. Friedmann, Lemaitre. Cosmic Expansion History
13/01/2017 the Big Bang Friedmann, Lemaitre & Cosmic Expansion History 1 Alexander Friedmann (1888 1925) George Lemaitre (1894 1966) They discovered (independently) theoretically the expansion of the Universe
More informationReally, really, what universe do we live in?
Really, really, what universe do we live in? Fluctuations in cosmic microwave background Origin Amplitude Spectrum Cosmic variance CMB observations and cosmological parameters COBE, balloons WMAP Parameters
More informationSpiral Structure. m ( Ω Ω gp ) = n κ. Closed orbits in non-inertial frames can explain the spiral pattern
Spiral Structure In the mid-1960s Lin and Shu proposed that the spiral structure is caused by long-lived quasistatic density waves The density would be higher by about 10% to 20% Stars, dust and gas clouds
More information2. OBSERVATIONAL COSMOLOGY
2. OBSERVATIONAL COSMOLOGY 1. OBSERVATIONAL PARAMETERS i. Introduction History of modern observational Cosmology ii. Cosmological Parameters The search for 2 (or more) numbers Hubble Parameter Deceleration
More informationLecture 2: Cosmological Background
Lecture 2: Cosmological Background Houjun Mo January 27, 2004 Goal: To establish the space-time frame within which cosmic events are to be described. The development of spacetime concept Absolute flat
More informationMoment of beginning of space-time about 13.7 billion years ago. The time at which all the material and energy in the expanding Universe was coincident
Big Bang Moment of beginning of space-time about 13.7 billion years ago The time at which all the material and energy in the expanding Universe was coincident Only moment in the history of the Universe
More informationOutline. Cosmological parameters II. Deceleration parameter I. A few others. Covers chapter 6 in Ryden
Outline Covers chapter 6 in Ryden Cosmological parameters I The most important ones in this course: M : Matter R : Radiation or DE : Cosmological constant or dark energy tot (or just ): Sum of the other
More informationRupert Croft. QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Rupert Croft QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. yesterday: Plan for lecture 1: History : -the first quasar spectra -first theoretical models (all wrong) -CDM cosmology meets the
More informationThe Cosmological Principle
Cosmological Models John O Byrne School of Physics University of Sydney Using diagrams and pp slides from Seeds Foundations of Astronomy and the Supernova Cosmology Project http://www-supernova.lbl.gov
More information6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
In addition to its brightness, light in general is characterized by its color. 6. Star Colors and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ Depending on the temperature of the matter at
More informationFriedman(n) Models of the Universe. Max Camenzind Modern Cosmology Oct-13-D9
Friedman(n) Models of the Universe Max Camenzind Modern Cosmology Bremen @ Oct-13-D9 Topics Matter in the Universe? DM, B, DE, phot The 2 Friedmann equations Equation of state EoS for matter parameter
More informationB. The blue images are a single BACKGROUND galaxy being lensed by the foreground cluster (yellow galaxies)
ASTR 1040 Accel Astro: Stars & Galaxies Today s s `Cosmological Events Look at models for our universe,, and what prompted ideas about big-bang bang beginnings Cosmic Microwave Background Simulation: Large-scale
More information1 Cosmological Principle
Notes on Cosmology April 2014 1 Cosmological Principle Now we leave behind galaxies and beginning cosmology. Cosmology is the study of the Universe as a whole. It concerns topics such as the basic content
More information3. It is expanding: the galaxies are moving apart, accelerating slightly The mystery of Dark Energy
II. Cosmology: How the universe developed Outstanding features of the universe today: 1. It is big, and full of galaxies. 2. It has structure: the galaxies are clumped in filaments and sheets The structure
More informationToday. Course Evaluations Open. Modern Cosmology. The Hot Big Bang. Age & Fate. Density and Geometry. Microwave Background
Today Modern Cosmology The Hot Big Bang Age & Fate Density and Geometry Microwave Background Course Evaluations Open Cosmology The study of the universe as a physical system Historically, people have always
More informationStellar Dynamics and Structure of Galaxies
Stellar Dynamics and Structure of Galaxies. Spherically symmetric objects Vasily Belokurov vasily@ast.cam.ac.uk Institute of Astronomy Lent Term 2016 1 / 21 Outline I 1 2 Globular of galaxies 2 / 21 Why
More informationBrief Introduction to Cosmology
Brief Introduction to Cosmology Matias Zaldarriaga Harvard University August 2006 Basic Questions in Cosmology: How does the Universe evolve? What is the universe made off? How is matter distributed? How
More informationPhysics 133: Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology
Physics 133: Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology Week 2 Spring 2018 Previously: Empirical foundations of the Big Bang theory. II: Hubble s Law ==> Expanding Universe CMB Radiation ==> Universe was hot
More informationFive pieces of evidence for a Big Bang 1. Expanding Universe
Five pieces of evidence for a Big Bang 1. Expanding Universe More distant galaxies have larger doppler shifts to the red, so moving faster away from us redshift = z = (λ λ 0 )/λ 0 λ 0 = wavelength at rest
More informationOutline. Covers chapter 2 + half of chapter 3 in Ryden
Outline Covers chapter + half of chapter 3 in Ryden The Cosmological Principle I The cosmological principle The Cosmological Principle II Voids typically 70 Mpc across The Perfect Cosmological Principle
More informationAnnouncements. Homework. Set 8now open. due late at night Friday, Dec 10 (3AM Saturday Nov. 11) Set 7 answers on course web site.
Homework. Set 8now. due late at night Friday, Dec 10 (3AM Saturday Nov. 11) Set 7 answers on course web site. Review for Final. In class on Thursday. Course Evaluation. https://rateyourclass.msu.edu /
More informationThe Search for the Complete History of the Cosmos. Neil Turok
The Search for the Complete History of the Cosmos Neil Turok * The Big Bang * Dark Matter and Energy * Precision Tests * A Cyclic Universe? * Future Probes BIG Questions * What are the Laws of Nature?
More informationObservational constraints of a matter-antimatter symmetric Milne Universe. Aurélien Benoit-Lévy Rencontres de Moriond March 2008
Observational constraints of a matter-antimatter symmetric Milne Universe Aurélien Benoit-Lévy Rencontres de Moriond March 2008 Introduction The composition of the Universe according to concordance model
More informationVU lecture Introduction to Particle Physics. Thomas Gajdosik, FI & VU. Big Bang (model)
Big Bang (model) What can be seen / measured? basically only light _ (and a few particles: e ±, p, p, ν x ) in different wave lengths: microwave to γ-rays in different intensities (measured in magnitudes)
More informationAstro-2: History of the Universe
Astro-2: History of the Universe Lecture 8; May 7 2013 Previously on astro-2 Wherever we look in the sky there is a background of microwaves, the CMB. The CMB is very close to isotropic better than 0.001%
More informationAdvanced Topics on Astrophysics: Lectures on dark matter
Advanced Topics on Astrophysics: Lectures on dark matter Jesús Zavala Franco e-mail: jzavalaf@uwaterloo.ca UW, Department of Physics and Astronomy, office: PHY 208C, ext. 38400 Perimeter Institute for
More informationModern Cosmology Solutions 4: LCDM Universe
Modern Cosmology Solutions 4: LCDM Universe Max Camenzind October 29, 200. LCDM Models The ansatz solves the Friedmann equation, since ȧ = C cosh() Ωm sinh /3 H 0 () () ȧ 2 = C 2 cosh2 () sinh 2/3 () (
More informationGalaxies and the expansion of the Universe
Review of Chapters 14, 15, 16 Galaxies and the expansion of the Universe 5/4/2009 Habbal Astro 110-01 Review Lecture 36 1 Recap: Learning from Light How does light tell us what things are made of? Every
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY FACULTY OF SCIENCE INTERMEDIATE PHYSICS PHYS 2913 ASTROPHYSICS AND RELATIVITY (ADVANCED) ALL QUESTIONS HAVE THE VALUE SHOWN
CC0937 THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY FACULTY OF SCIENCE INTERMEDIATE PHYSICS PHYS 2913 ASTROPHYSICS AND RELATIVITY (ADVANCED) SEMESTER 2, 2014 TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS ALL QUESTIONS HAVE THE VALUE SHOWN INSTRUCTIONS:
More informationLecture 37 Cosmology [not on exam] January 16b, 2014
1 Lecture 37 Cosmology [not on exam] January 16b, 2014 2 Structure of the Universe Does clustering of galaxies go on forever? Looked at very narrow regions of space to far distances. On large scales the
More informationProblem Set 8 (Cosmology)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Physics Physics 8.033 Out: Friday 3 November 2006 Due: Friday 17 November 2006 Problem Set 8 (Cosmology) Due: Friday 17 November 2006 at 4:00PM. Please
More informationSLAC Summer Institute, August 2003 Rocky Kolb, Fermilab & The University of Chicago
Dark Matter and Dark Energy SLAC Summer Institute, August 2003 Rocky Kolb, Fermilab & The University of Chicago Rocky I: Evidence for dark matter and dark energy Rocky II: Dark matter candidates Rocky
More informationEnergy Source for Active Galactic Nuclei
Quasars Quasars are small, extremely luminous, extremely distant galactic nuclei Bright radio sources Name comes from Quasi-Stellar Radio Source, as they appeared to be stars! Can have clouds of gas near
More informationCosmological Confusion
Cosmological Confusion revealing common misconceptions about the big bang, the expansion of the universe and cosmic horizons. Cosmological confusion Dark energy the first confusion. coordinates and velocities
More informationCosmology AS7009, 2008 Lecture 2
Cosmoloy AS7009, 008 Lecture Outline The cosmoloical principle: Isotropy Homoeneity Bi Ban vs. Steady State cosmoloy Redshift and Hubble s s law Scale factor, Hubble time, Horizon distance Olbers paradox:
More informationWhat do we really know about Dark Energy?
What do we really know about Dark Energy? Ruth Durrer Département de Physique Théorique & Center of Astroparticle Physics (CAP) ESTEC, February 3, 2012 Ruth Durrer (Université de Genève ) Dark Energy ESTEC
More informationYou may not start to read the questions printed on the subsequent pages until instructed to do so by the Invigilator.
MATHEMATICAL TRIPOS Part III Friday 8 June 2001 1.30 to 4.30 PAPER 41 PHYSICAL COSMOLOGY Answer any THREE questions. The questions carry equal weight. You may not start to read the questions printed on
More informationCosmology II: The thermal history of the Universe
.. Cosmology II: The thermal history of the Universe Ruth Durrer Département de Physique Théorique et CAP Université de Genève Suisse August 6, 2014 Ruth Durrer (Université de Genève) Cosmology II August
More informationThe Perfect Cosmological Principle
Cosmoloy AS7009, 0 Lecture Outline The cosmoloical principle: Isotropy Homoeneity Bi Ban vs. Steady State cosmoloy Redshift and Hubble s law Scale factor, Hubble time, Horizon distance Olbers paradox:
More informationConcordance Cosmology and Particle Physics. Richard Easther (Yale University)
Concordance Cosmology and Particle Physics Richard Easther (Yale University) Concordance Cosmology The standard model for cosmology Simplest model that fits the data Smallest number of free parameters
More informationTa-Pei Cheng PCNY 9/16/2011
PCNY 9/16/2011 Ta-Pei Cheng For a more quantitative discussion, see Relativity, Gravitation & Cosmology: A Basic Introduction (Oxford Univ Press) 2 nd ed. (2010) dark matter & dark energy Astronomical
More informationWeek 1 Introduction: GR, Distances, Surveys
Astronomy 233 Spring 2011 Physical Cosmology Week 1 Introduction: GR, Distances, Surveys Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz Modern Cosmology A series of major discoveries has laid a lasting
More informationD.V. Fursaev JINR, Dubna. Mysteries of. the Universe. Problems of the Modern Cosmology
Mysteries of D.V. Fursaev JINR, Dubna the Universe Problems of the Modern Cosmology plan of the lecture facts about our Universe mathematical model, Friedman universe consequences, the Big Bang recent
More informationShort introduction to the accelerating Universe
SEMINAR Short introduction to the accelerating Universe Gašper Kukec Mezek Our expanding Universe Albert Einstein general relativity (1917): Our expanding Universe Curvature = Energy Our expanding Universe
More informationLecture notes 20: Inflation
Lecture notes 20: Inflation The observed galaxies, quasars and supernovae, as well as observations of intergalactic absorption lines, tell us about the state of the universe during the period where z
More informationII. The Universe Around Us. ASTR378 Cosmology : II. The Universe Around Us 23
II. The Universe Around Us ASTR378 Cosmology : II. The Universe Around Us 23 Some Units Used in Astronomy 1 parsec distance at which parallax angle is 1 ; 1 pc = 3.086 10 16 m ( 3.26 light years; 1 kpc
More informationThe Extragalactic Distance Scale
One of the important relations in Astronomy. It lets us Measure the distance to distance objects. Each rung on the ladder is calibrated using lower-rung calibrations. Distance Objects Technique 1-100 AU
More informationLecture 16 Cosmological Observations
Lecture 16 Cosmological Observations Curvature, Topology and Dynamics Curvature: CMBR Topology: Cosmic Cristalography & Circles in the Sky Expansion History (Dynamics) H 0 H(z), q 0, Λ Matter-Energy Content
More information4.3 The accelerating universe and the distant future
Discovering Astronomy : Galaxies and Cosmology 46 Figure 55: Alternate histories of the universe, depending on the mean density compared to the critical value. The left hand panel shows the idea graphically.
More informationAstro-2: History of the Universe
Astro-2: History of the Universe Lecture 13; May 30 2013 Previously on astro-2 Energy and mass are equivalent through Einstein s equation and can be converted into each other (pair production and annihilations)
More informationLecture 7(cont d):our Universe
Lecture 7(cont d):our Universe 1. Traditional Cosmological tests Theta-z Galaxy counts Tolman Surface Brightness test 2. Modern tests HST Key Project (H o ) Nucleosynthesis (Ω b ) BBN+Clusters (Ω M ) SN1a
More informationDark Matter and Dark Energy components chapter 7
Dark Matter and Dark Energy components chapter 7 Lecture 4 See also Dark Matter awareness week December 2010 http://www.sissa.it/ap/dmg/index.html The early universe chapters 5 to 8 Particle Astrophysics,
More informationAstronomy 422. Lecture 20: Cosmic Microwave Background
Astronomy 422 Lecture 20: Cosmic Microwave Background Key concepts: The CMB Recombination Radiation and matter eras Next time: Astro 422 Peer Review - Make sure to read all 6 proposals and send in rankings
More informationTheory of galaxy formation
Theory of galaxy formation Bibliography: Galaxy Formation and Evolution (Mo, van den Bosch, White 2011) Lectures given by Frank van den Bosch in Yale http://www.astro.yale.edu/vdbosch/teaching.html Theory
More informationSurvey of Astrophysics A110
Goals: Galaxies To determine the types and distributions of galaxies? How do we measure the mass of galaxies and what comprises this mass? How do we measure distances to galaxies and what does this tell
More information80 2 Observational Cosmology L and the mean energy
80 2 Observational Cosmology fluctuations, short-wavelength modes have amplitudes that are suppressed because these modes oscillated as acoustic waves during the radiation epoch whereas the amplitude of
More informationIs inflation really necessary in a closed Universe? Branislav Vlahovic, Maxim Eingorn. Please see also arxiv:
Is inflation really necessary in a closed Universe? Branislav Vlahovic, Maxim Eingorn North Carolina Central University NASA University Research Centers, Durham NC Please see also arxiv:1303.3203 Chicago
More informationCosmology with Galaxy Clusters. I. A Cosmological Primer
Cosmology with Galaxy Clusters I. A Cosmological Primer Timetable Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 4pm 4pm 4pm 4pm no lecture 4pm Can we have lectures from 16.00-16.50? Timetable shows problems
More informationPHY 375. Homework 5 solutions. (Due by noon on Thursday, May 31, 2012) (a) Why is there a dipole anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)?
PHY 375 (Due by noon on Thursday, May 31, 2012) 1. Answer the following questions. (a) Why is there a dipole anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)? Answer is in lecture notes, so won t be
More informationCosmology. Introduction Geometry and expansion history (Cosmic Background Radiation) Growth Secondary anisotropies Large Scale Structure
Cosmology Introduction Geometry and expansion history (Cosmic Background Radiation) Growth Secondary anisotropies Large Scale Structure Cosmology from Large Scale Structure Sky Surveys Supernovae Ia CMB
More informationLecture 11. The standard Model
Lecture 11 The standard Model Standard Model The standard model assumes that the universe is filled with matter and other forms of energy (photons) but that matter is dominant today. The standard model
More informationCosmologists dedicate a great deal of effort to determine the density of matter in the universe. Type Ia supernovae observations are consistent with
Notes for Cosmology course, fall 2005 Dark Matter Prelude Cosmologists dedicate a great deal of effort to determine the density of matter in the universe Type Ia supernovae observations are consistent
More informationAST1100 Lecture Notes
AST1100 Lecture Notes 25-26: Cosmology: nucleosynthesis and inflation 1 A brief history of the universe 1. The temperature and energies in the very early universe (t < 10 30 s) were so high that we do
More information