gx (QU wsj! `* J} C/E V'. ;Pg LC za g_ Q O Cogne VIII Status and plans for OCR Output Subject
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1 cern L1BRAR1Es, GENEVA IIIIVIHIlllfllllllllliIIIMNIIIIIIIIHIIHM gx (QU wsj! `* J} SCOO CERN/SPSLC » SPSLC/M554 cf C/E V'. ;Pg LC za g_ Q O Q S.- L4. c Tuesday 28 March 1995 TO: Karl J akobs and members of the SPSLC Committee From NA44 Collaboration Subject Cogne VIII Status and plans for OCR Output
2 Introduction The NA44 Collaboration (Brookhaven, CERN, Columbia, Copenhagen, Creighton, Hiroshima, Los Alamos, Lund, Nantes, Ohio State, Texas A&M, Zagreb) uses a focussing spectrometer with very good time of flight and momentum resolution to study single particle inclusive spectra and multiple particle correlations (particle interferometry, also called 'HBT') of identified pions, kaons,and protons in p-p (p Be), p-a and A-A collisions. One of the physics aims is to study single particle spectra and particle composition as a function of pt for different beam and target combinations to follow the effects of an increasing volume of hot hadronic matter. Furthermore, we use particle interferometry with very good statistics in the region of small momentum difference to study detailed aspects of the space time evolution in dense hadronic matter and ultimately to look for signatures of a quark-gluon plasma. The data samples currently being analyzed by NA44 are from the following periods : pa at 450 GeV and SA at 200 GeV per nucleon The data were collected to follow systematically the trend in pbe, ps, pag, ppb, SS, SAg and SPb col1isions.emphasis was given to the shape of particle spectra and to the information concerning the space-time evolution obtained by the correlation measurements. Besides numerous presentations at conferences the data has lead to four publications [1,2,3,4] and several more are in preparation [5] pa at 450 GeV The time was mainly devoted to increase the statistics in the rare channel ppb > K"K" and to start testing of new equipment to be used for the lead beam running pa at 450 GeV and PbPb at 160 GeV per nucleon. The pa running was used to prepare for lead beam. The lead beam run was very successful and the data obtained is currently being analyzed. In preparation for the lead induced collisions (approximately five times higher multiplicities in central PbPb collisions compared to SPb collisions) a new tracking system and particle identification needed to be developed. The basic changes were a new Cherenkov system for differential particle identification, the introduction of a pad chamber replacing of the first hodoscope and two strip chambers to improve the tracking. This upgrade program is extensively discussed in a memorandum SPSLC/93-22, SPSLC/M521. OCR Output
3 _ Based on the experience with the lead beam operation, a consolidation phase is presently in progress. The collaboration aims through a number of relatively minor improvements to increase the data taking efficiency by a substantial factor (= 5). As examples, improvements in the DAQ system (factor = 2 increase), new readout controlers for the analog electronics ( = 1.5), increase of higher average beam 6 6 intensity ( from 3*10to 5*10ions/spill), improved shielding to reduce background are being implemented. Furthermore, a special new hodoscope with 60 vertical slats, H4, is being built and will be installed in front of the uranium calorimeter. With this hodoscope we will improve the identification capacity of the rare particles (deuterons, antideuterons,tritons,..). The present experimental layout of the NA44 spectrometer is illustrated on fig 1. CX D1 Ql D2 Km; Targ &l 3 32 $3 Z=O z=5m Pad Aerogel Chamber Ccrcnkov _ Strip,/ - Cl Sm _ / (iz izl: m*> =r2 Mwpc 1+2 3, H D3. 1i}&nbcQ_ J UCAL Mw1>c3+4, Multi-Particle Threshold Imaging Cherenkov z=l0m z=l5m z=20m CX: Dipol magnets Superconducting Quadrupol Magnets Cerenkov Beam Counter (35ps resolution) Threshold Gas Cerenkov Counter Scintillator Hodoscopes (50,60,50 vertical slats) MWPC: Multi-Wire-proportional Chambers UCAL : Uranium-Cu-Scintillator Calorimeter OCR Output
4 Examples of the present results As a result of the systematic study of single particle fig 2 shows the measured inverse slopes ("temperatures") for kaons from pbe to central Spb collisions.we observe that the inverse slopes for kaons ( and for protons) in central A+A collisions increase with the size of the collision volume. This is in qualitative agreement with a picture where the hadronic final state in a large system is expanding before final freeze out. Such an expansion driven by the hadron interactions and reinteractions is of course a necessary (albeit not sufficient) condition for the formation of a quark gluon plasma pbe ps ppb SS SPb Fig 2. The inverse slope of the K" (filled circles) and the K` (open circles) mt-spectra in GeV/c. Preliminary results on the kaon and proton spectra studied in central PbPb collisions seem to confirm this trend, in particular for protons. OCR Output
5 C 10 F-. proton ' I deuteronx10 ` coal pred x1 1 p, -` lll* *1».. I ` ~!. 0 soo Fig 3. The proton and deuteron spectra from central SPb collisions compared with the coalescence prediction. Heavy particles like deuterons and antideuterons have also been studied. It is believed that the production mechanism is the so cal1ed coalescence where a neutron and a proton "fuse" if they are close enough in phase-space. Thus the production of deuterons (antideuterons) relative to protons (antiprotons) can give some additional information on the size of the hadronic final state, and can be compared to the results from the correlation measurements. Fig 3 shows a comparison between the deuteron and proton spectra; the dashed line shows the expectation for the deuteron spectrum based on the simple coalescence model, when only momentum space is taken into account. The fact that the model is not describing the data better at low pt is taken as a sign that the simple coalescence model breaks down and that both momentum and space correlations must be taken into account. From the correlation measuurements it is found that the extracted radius parameter for kaon pairs is substantially smaller than for pion pairs [2,4]. Using a tit to the Z function CHBT = 1+ }1.*exp(-QZR-Qoztz) where R = 1: this is seen in fig 4. It is also found that pions at large PT show a smaller radius parameter. Whether this is simply due to an earlier emmision of kaons and high PT pions in the freezeout process or has to do with the dynamics in the hadronization process is the question. As addressed below it seems to be described in a hydrodynamical context. When the statistics is high enough, typically four parameters are extracted, i.e. X., Rto, Rts and Rl from tits to the formula : 1+ }t*exp(-q.0r,0-q,sr,s-q,r,). These measurements are carried out using the two angular settings to study the pt or mt dependence. It is found that a simple dependence of the transverse mass can describe the data rather well. Fig 5 shows the radii parameters extracted which are well described by a constant divided by the square root of mt. This behavior is expected in some hydrodynamical models, and our results are compatible with a system undergoing a hydrodynamical expansion. OCR Output
6 2.5 C HBT ** v s+pb»1<1<+x R = 2.73 t 0.13 fm; X :0.88 i 0.06 ** s+1>b- :+x 2 + R=4.02t0.l0fm;7&=0.7li NA44, S+Pb, 200Gcv/nuclcon 0.5 ZZz cm = 1 + xexp(-qr-qgzy ; R= Q (MeV/c) Fig 4. The correlation function for TIC+7E+ and K"K" in central Spb collisions. OCR Output
7 4.5 Rt; Rto A Rl 2/sqrt(mt) O mf Fig 5. Rm, Rm and R, as a function of mt for (from thc left) rm at small angle, mc at large angle and K*K* at small angle in central SPb collisions. The data we obtained in november december last year are presently being analyzed. Fig 6 shows a preliminary result, the pion, kaon and proton spectra vs mt. The trend that the heavier particles have larger inverse slopes is very clear. Furthermore, the large sample of mc correlation events recorded at both small and large angle is presently being analysed. We expect to present the first results in a number of publications within a few months. Plans for the period : With the 450 GeV proton beam we will continue testing our new detector system, and most importantly, a long mt correlation run with ppb collisions is scheduled to compare with PbPb central collisions using the same apparatus. In the lead running period we will consolidate our data samples from 1994, with emphasis on high statistics tm correlations at small and high pt. The program on KK, pp and multiparticle correlations at small angle will be started and a pilot run for KK correlation measurements at large angle will be done. There will also be need for some additional single particle measurements.with the new H4 hodoscope a much improved antideuteron identification is expected. OCR Output
8 10 O 10 NA44 Preliminory E 4 * * U TO Proton o T = 250;t7 (MeV) ` Ig_` `Q. mi In *< <> `_ 1 = (Mev) in i 10 l0 Pion l?~i + ` _ 1: 145 e8(m v) 1 ` l. l`1. 10 ~ l nn. moss (GeV) Fig 6. The production spectra of pions, kaons and protons in central PbPb collisions OCR Output
9 1996 : The pa data taking will be continued, and a particularly difficult (very low rate) measurement of KK pairs from ppb will be evaluated. In the lead beam period the KK low angle measurement together with the multiparticle correlations will be pursued. The low rate deuteron / antideuteron / triton program will be continued. A special study of the so called reverse kir1ematics", i.e. Pb on lower mass nuclei (Ag, S) has been discussed, both as a systematic check and as a separate physics measurement in itself : Continuation of the KK correlation measurement at large angle (high PT)- Continuation of the deuteron / antideuteron program. A 60 Gev per nucleon rur1 is a possibility. Concluding remark It is clear that the plan outlined may have to be modified, both for technical and physics priority reasons. We want to reconsider our goals at the end of 1996 to evaluate if our basic physics program is likely to be finished by the end of Should the collaboration be convinced of a viable physics program extending beyond 1997 it would like to reserve the option of a continuation. OCR Output
10 References [1] H.Beker et al, Identyied pion interferometry in heavy-ion collisions at CERN, Phys. Lett. B302 (1993) 510. [2] H.Beker et al, Kaon interferometry in heavy ion collisions at the CERN SPS, Z. Phys. C64 (1994) 209. [3] H.Beker et al, mt dependence of boson interferometry in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN SPS, CERN PPE/94-119, in print Phys. Rev. Lett. [4] H.B ggild et al, Directional dependence of the pion source in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, CERN PPE/94-177, in print Phys. Lett. B. [5] A number of publications are being prepared at the moment, including Low p, phenomena in A+A and p+a collisions at mid-rapidity. Deuteron and antideuteron production in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN SPS Proton and antiproton production in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN SPS Proton correlations in S +Pb and p+pb collisions in CERN experiment NA44 Target dependence of the pion source size in S+A collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon at the CERN SPS Charged hadron spectra in p+a and A+A collisions at the CERN SPS OCR Output
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