Experimental test of gravitational inverse square law at short range. Jiro Murata (Rikkyo University) 2013/2/6 ACP Seminar, Kavli-IPMU

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1 Experimental test of gravitational inverse square law at short range? Jiro Murata (Rikkyo University) 2013/2/6 ACP Seminar, Kavli-IPMU Research Background : Particle and Nuclear Physics Exp. Table-top Gravity Exp. 1

2 Experimental Constrains Deviation from Newtonian Gravity (Newton = 1) excluded area J. Murata 2012 Upper Limits nuclei atom mm Earth moon Interaction Range Existence of Gravity Confirmed

3 Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) Measurement : Apollo-11, km Dickey, Science 265 (1994) 482

4 Satellite / Planets Kepler Orbit : LAGEOS-NASA (1985) Smith J. Geophys. Res. 90 (1985) 9221 Moon - LAGEOS Earth - LAGEOS Planet s Kepler Orbits 1000km 10 7 LAGEOS Planets

5 Tower Measurement : BREN tower 465m, Nevada, 1989 mg km Thomas PRL 63 (1989) 1902

6 Torsion Balance Measurement : UC Irvine km Hoskins PRD 32 (1985) 3085

7 Torsion Balance Measurement : Cavendish 1797 Cavendish G ( ) 10 m / kg / s Determination of the Earth s mass -> constant G 7

8 Nano-tech Measurement s Casimir Force s~10 100pm s~10 100nm Nesvizhevsky PRD 77 (2008) Decca PRL 94 (2005) anti-protonic atom s~10 1micron Lamoreaux PRL 78 (1997) ~ 1um 0.1mm Long Nature 421 (2003) 922

9 Interaction Strength between quarks/leptons J. Murata 2012

10 Large Extra Dimension Model (ADD) 1998 Quantum Gravity atom J. Murata 2012

11 Possible Searching Window of the ADD gravity J. Murata 2012 Violation of Newtonian inverse square law is expected at 0.1mm, assuming unification scale of 1TeV with d = 2

12 Prologue : PHENIX exp. at RHIC QCD physics : spin structure of protons Quark-gluon Plasma 12

13 Prologue : PHENIX Muon Tracking Chamber 1999~2001 Three Stations of Cathode Strip Chambers Optical Alignment System Required Chamber Position Resolution 25micron Thermal Deformation, etc. ~ 100micron 13

14 RHIC-PHENIX Optical Alignment System to Pico precision Displacement Sensor PHENIX-OASys Optical Alignment System ~50nm resolution Focal Image on CCD Muon Momentum Resolution PHENIX Muon Tracker ~ 5m size chambers Monitoring thermal Deformation < 25um Applicable to Short Range Gravity Exp.? Under-G Student Experiment at Rikkyo University Murata, NIMA 500 (2003) 309; Murata, IEEE Nucl. Sci. CR675 (2005)

15 Starting Point of the Rikkyo-Newton exp Wide Dynamic Range, Precision Position Measurement Extremely weak force measurement, by observing displacement In cm scale, Gravitational Force ~ 10nN Displacement ~ 1nm (1m pendulum) 1nm > Resolution! Takahashi, Miyano, Tsuneno

16 Newton-0 exp st Step Exp. Using 1m long Pendulum Measured Result 16 Gravity Signal? -> maybe tilting

17 Newton-I, II Torsion Balance Experiments 17

18 Movie File Image Analysis Ninomiya, J. Phys. CS189 (2009)

19 2 nd year of Newton-I 2006 Yazawa, Sato 2005 Hata, J. Phys. CS189 (2009)

20 Small Scale, Legacy, but unique and powerful tool: Torsion Balance Bar NEWTON Experiment (2009) F ~ 100pN 20 weight of 10um water cubic

21 J. Murata 2011

22 J. Murata 2011

23 Attractor Position J. Murata 2008 Top View of the Torsion Balance Bar 23

24 J. Murata 2008 Top View of the Torsion Balance Bar 24

25 Results from the Newton Torsion Balance Experiments J. Murata 2012 Murakami, JGRG22 (2013) submitted

26 Eot-wash experiment : University of Washington (2006) 60micron Kapner, PRL 98, (2007) J. Murata 2010 J. Murata 2010

27 Gravity Signal Search at LHC-ATLAS Quantum Black Holes arxiv: MD >3.67 TeV MD >1.37 TeV Micro Black Holes M ATLAS-CONF Monojet PLB 705 (2011) 294 MD >2.3 TeV 27

28 Collider vs Laboratory Test Planck Energy Lower Limit it M D 2. 3TeV LHC Limit : Max. MD ~ 14/3TeV = 5TeV Λ 450 m Extra-dimension Size Upper Limitit J. Murata 2013 Planck Mass Modification in ADD M Λ 2 2 n n n pl M D 4 di 4+n dim. Scale (n = number of ed) Λ 60 m M D 6. 3TeV Extra-dimension Size Upper Limitit Planck Energy Lower Limitit

29 Searching Large T-Violation at TRIUMF, Canada Searching T-Violating in Electron Transverse Polarization T-Violation < 0.1% Murata, J. Phys. CS312 (2011)

30 PRL 106, (2011) MTV-G exp. : Searching Large Geodetic Precession

31 MTV-G exp. : Strong Gravity Search at Nuclear Scale Gravity may not be possible to be ignored x 10 ~20-30? J. Murata 2012

32 Measurement = R-Correlation Search of P-odd & T-odd New Interaction Beta Decay Rate Required Components Production Measurement Measurement Pol. Nuclei Electron Momentum Electron Trans. Pol. Zero or Non-Zero?

33 MTV-G Result J. Murata 2012 Tanaka, J. Phys. (2013) submitted

34 MTV-G : Theoretical Challenging Ω G 3 GM r r v 1. Relativistic spinning particle 2. Orbital motion is not gravitational free fall (Coulomb Scattering) 3. Microscopic (~100fm)

35 MTV-G : Next Generation Experiment 2012 ~ Cylindrical Drift Chamber Newton-IV

36 Rikkyo Achievements and Newton-IV goal J. Murata 2013

37 Test of Weak Equivalence Principle : Composition Dependence of G Cu Al Ninomiya, J. Phys. (2013) submitted 37

38 Book for General Readers Warped Passages Lisa Randall, S. Mukohyama, 2007 Extra ra-dimension and Violation of Inverse Square Law Kodansha, Jiro Murata, 2011

39 2011 MTV-G Start! probing extra raa-dimension n Nikkei i - Science, Jan, 2013

40 Playing with Gravity is a great fun! Let s enjoy together! Tower Measurement (undergraduate exp.) at Tokyo Skytree, Jan 2013