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2 17Zg el : m~pxcî ZvejxMx BR Zgvi `viqvz mvbvgwy `i cvzv ^ `k-we `k gymwjg Rvnvb weávb I we q msmvb msev` cvv Ki gzvgz cö kœvëi 4_ -5g msl v m úv`kxq 02 cöeü : AvZ xqzvi m úk i vi i Z I dhxjz (2q wkw ) 03 -W. gynv v` Kvexi j Bmjvg we`ôavz I Zvi cwiywz (4_ wkw ) 09 -gynv v` kixdzj Bmjvg RvZxq wk vbxwz-2010 : GKwU ch v jvpbv 16 -Kvgvi hhvgvb web Avãyj evix AvaywbK weáv b Bmjv gi f~wgkv 21 -BgvgyÏxb web Avãyj evqxi gvbevwakvi I Bmjvg (13Zg wkw ) 25 -kvgmyj Avjg mv vrkvi : 31 kvql nvw`qyi ingvb web Rvgxjyi ingvb bexb `i cvzv : 34 ey ev` we ivax Av `vj bi bzv bjmb g v Êjv -Bn&mvb Bjvnx hnxi nv`x Qi Mí : 37 AvK vevi evqôavz M íi gva g Ávb : 38 ev`kvni wepvi KweZv : 39 Avj vn gnvb nk I evwzj m úv`kxq AvgivI Avj vn K e j `e RbM Yi ezbfyk AvBbk sljv i vkvix evwnbx I mikvix ` ji mš vmxiv wg j cöwzw`b wbiciva gvbyl K nz v Ki Q Avi Zv K Ôµmdvqv i mš vmx wbnzõ e j Zviv ninv gkv wg_ vpvi Ki Q Mfxi ivwî Z Mvwoeni wb q Avmvgx aivi bv g Nygš MÖvgevmxi Dci kz kz ivdê wj el Y K i gviai, jyucvu I evwo fv½vi gz b v virbk KvR K i ejv n Q ÔAvZ i vi ^v _ Kiv n q QÕ AZtci wîk/pwj kuv wg_ v gvgjv w` q wek/câvk nvhvi gvbyl K AÁvZ Avmvgx K i Pvjv bv n Q MÖdZvi evwyr Iw` K we ivax ` ji mš vmxiv cvëv nvgjv Pvwj q wbiciva RbMY K nz v Ki Q Avi cö Z K `vl Pvcv Q A b i Dc i MvQ K U iv v eü Kiv, c Uªvj evgv Qzu o Mvox I Uªb cvov bv I gvbyl nz vi GK bzzb kqzvbx ixwz Pvjy n q Q eb wefv Mi wnmve g Z MZ 10 gv m ivr bwzk mwnsmzvq 50 nvhvi e wbab Kiv n q Q hvi Mo g~j cövq 100 KvwU UvKv gvbyl GLb mikvix I we ivax ` ji nv Z wh x hv K h we ivax fve Q, Zv KB m g, Lyb, AcniY, wg_ v gvgjv BZ vw` Z duvwm q w` Q gvbyl mz ej Z fq cv Q bv Rvwb KLb Kvi ^v _ Nv jv M we ivax KÉ ä Kiv I we ivax gz-c _i bvmwik `i wbg~ j KivB hw` Kvi j nq, Z e Zv `i R b ivlv fvj h, Avj vn gvbyl K ^vaxbfv e m wó K i Qb m ^vaxbfv e K_v ej e, nvm e, Kuv` e G Z Kvi eva mvavi AwaKvi bb Avi Avj vn KL bv Kvb hv jg K ei`vkz K ib bv Kej ZIev Kivi Rb wkqzuv AeKvk `b gvî AZGe mikvi nšk Avi we ivax `j nšk, mxgv jsnb Ki j Avj vn&i Mhe _ K KD invb cv e bv Avi Avj vn&i kvw AZxe K Vvi, hv KD KíbvI Ki Z cv i bv (1) e wczv mviv Rxeb mikvix ` ji mg_ K I vbxq `vwqz kxj hyek Q j mªd GKRb Ni e emvqx Kvb `j K i bv Ni ïkv bvi gimyg G m M Q ZvB m w`b-ivz mlv b cvnviv `q eykfiv Avkv K qkw`b 1

3 c ib gvq ai e gvq e P msmv i nvwm dzuv e nvvr hš_evwnbx bvgk Ôhg evwnbxõ-i Mvox mlvb _ K bvgj K qkwu hg`~z wpwb q w`j GKRb AZtci mlv bb wj K i kl `L jv mevb cökvk w`bgv b iv ZB wuwf Z I ciw`b ccv i Gj, eo gv ci GK mš vmx I AvBbk sljv evwnbxi Dci nvgjvkvix `k-ev ivwu gvgjvi KzL vz Avmvgx µmdqv i wbnz A_P Avmj NUbv nqz GUvB h, m wkqzb bq eis Kvi wnsmvi wkkvi n q Q (2) GK Dc hjv _ K 13/14 eqi eq mi GKUv ev Pv K a i G b hjv kn ii KvQvKvwQ GK wdwjs k b `uvwo q mk ji mvg b cv q wj K i Q jwu K i³v³ K i d j ivlj gvwu Z Dcw Z jvkrb Qz U G j Iwm evnv`yi AÆnvwm n m ej jb, Av i AgyK ` ji Kg x K g iwq fvelvbv GB h, mikvix ` ji evb ii Kvi GgbwK KwP ev Pv `ii G ` k eu P _vkvi AwaKvi bb (3) gv_vq Uzcx `Iqv beg kªyx co qv Zi Y QvÎwU gv`ivmv _ K cv q n U evox hv Q gv Db yl n q P q Av Qb KLb ev Pv G m gv e j WvK e Avi wzwb Zvi zavz mš vb K cövyfiv mœn w` q fvz LvIqv eb K qk K`g M jb evox nvvr GKUv gvb µv G m nvwhi gv_vq Kv jv Uzcx cwi q PvLgyL X K eu a wb q Mj Zv K Mvox Z K i mevb `Lj G ` k wkš Avi Lyu R cviqv Mjbv Q jwu K mvivivz wbh vzb K i fvi ivz mv o PviUvi w` K cökvk ivrc _ 8/10Uv wj K i Zvi KwP `nuv SvSiv K i w`j hš_evwnbx B jkk bi Av M Zvi wczv K bv c q Zv `i evox uwo q w` qwqj mikvix eyj WvRvi w` q B jkk b duvkv gv V wr Z Gevi Zvi wbixn-wbiciva GKgvÎ mš vb K nz v Kij Zviv cwîkv I wuwf Z h_vwbq g wg_ vpvi Kiv nõj h, eo GK mš vmx µmdvqv i wbnz e wuk-ciez x evsjv ` k Giƒc AgvbweK I wbôzizg ee izvi Kvb bhxi Av Q e j Avgv `i Rvbv bb (4) wn `y-gymjgvb hym hym a i G ` k emevm Ki Q GK Î fvb-fvb qi gz wkš mikvi cwiez bi Av M I c i msl vjny m cö`v qi Dci nvgjv I Zv `i evox-rwg `Lj K i me `v gzvmxbiv I Zv `i cuzqviv Avi Hme Rei`LjKvixivB Zv `i Dci my hvm gz nvgjv K i ivr bwzk QÎQvqvq _ K Zviv KD KD ûgwk w` q e j, Ô_vK j fvu, M j RwgÕ A_P `vl Pvcv bv nq Øxb`vi gymjgvb `i Dc i hviv Bmjv gi weavb g Z msl vjny `i Rvb-gvj I BhhZ K cweî AvgvbZ g b K i Gw` K mikvi Zvi ^ i wprkvi w` q me `v R½xgy³ Amv cö`vwqk evsjv `k Movi kc_ wb Qb A_ vr Zviv A bmjvwgk evsjv `k Pvb AZGe Zv `i Kv Q Bmjvgcš x `i i³ nvjvj I Bmjvg we ivax `i i³ nvivg G wj wk R½xcbv bq? GUvB wk mikv ii wbi c Zvi wb`k b? Rvbv DwPr h, G `k mevi Avi GwU c w_exi Z Zxq e nëg gymwjg `k ZvB Bmjvg K mv cö`vwqkzv e j we`ª c Kivi Av M Avqbvq GKevi wb R `i Pnviv `Lyb cvk ez x ag wbi c fviz, wgqvbgvi I Px bi w` K GKevi ZvKvb mlvbkvi msl vjny gymjgvb `i Dci AeY bxq wbh vzbkvix `i KD mv cö`vwqk e j Kb wb `v K ib bv? ZvB KvbvP z ekavwg K bv n q PvL-gyL Lvjv ivlyb Avi Bmjvg K fvjfv e Rvbyb Bmjv g msl v i I msl vjny mk ji AwaKvi mgvb Avi G `k Kvb GKwU ` ji ev e w³i gši mx m úwë bq RbM Yi `Iqv U v i cqmvq mikvi P j wbnz e w³i ivr ^ w` qb nz vkvix mikvix evwnbxi e `yk Kbv nq I Zv K ezb-fvzv cö`vb Kiv nq AZGe mveavb nšb! Avj vn K fq Ki b (5) gzvzš x `i evgvi AvNv Z wqbœwfbœ wzbeq ii ev PvwU g Zz i c~e gyn~ Z e j hv Q, ÔAvwg wm q Avj vn K me e j `eõ wmwiqvi H KwP g qwui KvZi K É KÉ wgwj q AvgivI ejwq- n mikvi I we ivax `jxq gzvzš xiv! Zvgv `i mxgvnxb AZ vpv ii K_v AvgivI Avj vn K e j `e n Avj vn! Zzwg hv jg `i i L `vi I wbixn gvbyl K i v Ki! Avgxb!! (m. m.) 2

4 cö e Ü W. gynv v` Kvexi j Bmjvg (2q wkw ) AvZ xqzvi m úk i vi dhxjz : AvZ xqzvi m úk A zyœ ivlvi dhxjz eûwea Zb a KwZcq w`k GLv b D j L Kiv nõj - 1. Avj vn I cikv ji cöwz Cgv bi cwipvqk : AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Kiv Cgv bi cwipvqk ivm~j (Qvt) e jb, Ô h e w³ Avj vn I cikv ji cöwz wek vm iv L m hb AvZ xqzvi m úk ervq iv LÕ 1 2. Avj vn&i AvbyM Z i cökvk : AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Avj vn&i AvbyMZ Kivi ewntcökvk gnvb Avj vn e jb, - ÔAvi Avj vn h m úk A zyœ ivl Z Av `k K i Qb hviv Zv A zyœ iv L, fq K i Zv `i cöwzcvjk K Ges fq K i K Vvi wnmve KÕ (ivô` 13/21) 3. Avj vn&i mv _ m úk vc bi gva g : AvZ xqzvi m úk i vi gva g gnvb Avj vn&i mv _ ev `vi m úk vwcz nq G m ú K ivm~j (Qvt) e jb,.. Ô i ngõ (i ³i euvab) Ôingv biõ Ask we kl m ej e, Ô n cöfy! Avwg gvhj~g, Avwg wqbœk Z n cöfy! Avgvi mv _ `ye envi Kiv nq n cöfy! n cöfy! ZLb Zvi cöwzcvjk Avj vn ZvÔAvjv Reve w` eb, Zzwg wk mš ó bi h, h e w³ Zvgv K wqbœ Ki e, Avwg Zvi mv _ m úk wqbœ Kie Ges h Zvgv K hy³ Ki e, Avwg Zvi mv _ m úk Ry o ivleõ? 2 4. ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi AwQqZ cöwzcvjb Kiv : bex Kixg (Qvt) Qvnvev q Kiv gi gva g ^xq D Z K wewfbœ wel q AwQqZ K i Qb Zb a AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Ab Zg myzivs AvZ xqzvi eüb A zyœ ivlv nõ j Zuvi Dc `k cöwzcvjb Kiv n e G g g nv`x Q G m Q, -... Avey hi wmdvix (ivt) nõ Z ewy Z wzwb e jb, Avgvi eüz bex Kixg (Qvt) Avgv K KwZcq DËg Yi e vcv i Dc `k `b wzwb Avgv K Dc `k `b h, Avwg hb Avgvi P q DuPz ii jv Ki w` K j bv Kwi; eis Avgvi P q wbgœ ii jv Ki w` K ZvKvB wzwb Av iv Dc `k `b, `wi`ª `i fvjevm Z I Zv `i wbkuezx nõ Z wzwb Dc `k `b AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Ki Z, hw`i Zviv c ô cö`k b K i...õ 3 5. Avj vn&i wbku Ab Zg wcöq Avgj : gvby li K Z A bk Avgj Avj vn&i wbk U wcöq I cm `bxq Zb a AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Ab Zg G g g nv`x Q G m Q, - ÔLvQÔAvg Mv Îi R bk jvk nõ Z ewy Z m ejj, Avwg bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi `iev i Avmjvg wzwb ZLb Qvnvex `i GKwU z`ª ` ji mv _ wq jb Avwg ejjvg, Avcwb Zv mb e w³ whwb aviyv K ib h, Avcwb Avj vn&i ivm~j? wzwb ej jb, nü v ivex e jb, Avwg ejjvg, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Kvb Avgj Avj vn&i wbk U cm `bxq? wzwb ej jb, Avj vn&i Dc i Cgvb Avbv Avwg ejjvg, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Gici wk? wzwb ej jb, AvZ xqzvi eüb A yyœ ivlv Avwg ejjvg, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Gici wk? wzwb ej jb, mrkv Ri Av `k I Amr Kv Ri wb la Kiv Avwg ejjvg, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Kvb Avgj Avj vn&i wbk U Acm `bxq? wzwb 1. eylvix nv/ Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` nv/65, mb` Qnxn 3. Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/2525, mb` Qnxn 3

5 ej jb, Avj vn&i mv _ kixk vcb Kiv Avwg ejjvg, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Gici wk? wzwb ej jb, AvZ xqzvi m úk wqbœ Kiv Avwg ejjvg, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Gici wk? wzwb ej jb, Mwn Z Kv Ri wb ` k `Iqv Ges mrkv R wb la KivÕ 4 6. eqm I wiwhk e w i Dcvq : AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Ki j gvby li eqm I RxweKv e w cvq G m ú K ivm~j (Qvt) e jb, Ô h Pvq h, Zvi RxweKv cök nvk Ges Avqy e w cvk, m hb AvZ xq- ^R bi mv _ Nwbô AvPiY K iõ 5 Ab Î wzwb e jb, Ô h Zvi RxweKvi cök Zv Ges Avqy e w cm ` K i, m hb AvZ xq- ^R bi mv _ DËg AvPiY K iõ 6 GLv b eqm e w i A_ n Q nvqv Z eikz jvf Kiv mb mv _ mȳ ^v I mȳ `n, kw³gëv Ges AwaK KvR Kivi gzv jvf Kiv 7 KD KD e jb, eqm I wiwhk e w i Zvrch n Q h, Avj vn cök ZB ev `vi eqm I RxweKv evwo q `b GLv b G cökœ DÌvc bi my hvm bb h, eqm I wiwhk wba vwiz; myzivs Zv wkfv e e w cövß n e? Kbbv nvqvz I wihk `yõai bi h_v- 1. mvaviy, hv Kej Avj vn Rv bb GUv AcwiewZ Z 2. wjwce, hv wzwb d ikzv `i gva g wjwl q Qb I Zv `i AewnZ K i Qb; wewfbœ KviY I NUbvi cöw Z GUv n«vm-e w nq 8 7. AvZ xq `i gv S cvi úwik gynveÿz e w i gva g : AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Ki j AvZ xq- ^Rb `i g a fvjevmvi eüb mỳ p nq nv`x Q G m Q, Avãyj vn Beby Igi (ivt) e jb, - Ô h e w³ Zvi cöwzcvjk K fq K i Ges Zvi AvZ xq- ^Rb K Ry o iv L, Zvi g Zz wcwq q `Iqv nq, Zvi m ú` e w Kiv nq Ges Zvi cwievi-cwirb Zv K fvjev mõ 9 Ab k ã G m Q Gfv e,. Ô h e w³ Zvi cöwzcvjk K fq K i, AvZ xqzvi eüb Ry o iv L, Zvi Avqy ewa Z Kiv 4. Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/2522, mb` Qnxn 5. eylvix nv/2067, 5985; gymwjg nv/ eylvix nv/5986; gymwjg nv/ KvZxÔAvZzi ivwngy, 1/9 c t 8. Beby Zvqwgqvn, gvrgyô dvzviqv, 8/517, Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` nv/58, mb` nvmvb nq, Zvi ab-m ú` e w Kiv nq Ges Zvi cwievi-cwirb Zv K fvjev m 10 wzwb Av iv e jb,. Ô Zvgiv Zvgv `i eskcwipq wk L bvi, hv Øviv Zvgv `i AvZ xqzvi m úk ervq ivl e Kbbv AvZ xqzvi m úk cwievi-cwir bi g a ü` Zv e w K i, m ú` evovq Ges eqm e w K iõ c w_exi Awaevmx `i Dbœqb : AvZ xqzvi m úk i v c w_exevmx `i Dbœqb Z ivwš^z K i Ges Zv `i eqm e w K i G g g nv`x Q G m Q, Av qkv (ivt) nõ Z ewy Z wzwb e jb, bex Kixg (Qvt) Zv K e j Qb,. Ôhv K bgªzv `vb Kiv n q Q, Zv K `ywbqv I AvwLiv Zi eû Kj vy `Iqv n q Q AvZ xqzvi m úk i v, DËg PwiÎ I mr cöwz ekx `ywbqvi Awaevmx `i Dbœqb NUvq Ges eqm e w K iõ `ª Z QIqve jv fi Dcvq : AvZ xqzvi m úk ervq ivl j Awej ^ QIqve ev cöwz`vb jvf Kiv hvq G g g ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) e jb, - ÔAvj vn&i AvbyM Z m úbœ Ggb Kvb KvR bb, hvi gva g `ª Z QIqve jvf Kiv hvq AvZ xqzvi m úk i v e ZxZ Avi AvZ xqzvi m úk wqbœ Kiv I we `ªvn Kiv e ZxZ Kvb Kv R `ª Z kvw AvcwZZ nq bvõ AvZ xqzvi m úk wk qvg Zi w`b mv x w` e : h e w³ AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Ki e wk qvg Zi w`b Acivci AvZ xq- ^Rb Zvi c mv w` e ivm~j (Qvt) e jb, - Ôi ³i eüb wk qvg Zi w`b Zvi mswk ór bi m y L G m `uvov e Ges hw` m Zv K `ywbqvq hy³ i L _v K, Z e m Zvi c mv w` e, hw` m Zv K `ywbqvq wqbœ K i _v K, Z e m Zvi wei mv w` eõ Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` nv/59, mb` nvmvb 11. wziwghx nv/1979; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/276; wgkkvz nv/ gymbv` Avngv`; wmwjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/519; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/ evqnvk x, mybvbyj Kzeiv 10/62; Qnxûj Rv gô nv/5391; Qnxnvn nv/ Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` nv/73; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/277 4

6 11. Rvbœv Z cö e ki DËg gva g : AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Ki j Rvbœv Z cö ek Kiv mnr nq G m ú K nv`x Q G m Q, eviv Beby Avhxe (ivt) e jb, GK`v R bk e`ycb bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi L`g Z G m Avih Kij, n Avj vn&i bex (Qvt)!. A_ vr Avgv K Ggb GKwU Avgj wk v w`b hv Avgv K Rvbœv Z cö ek Kiv e bex Kixg (Qvt) ej jb, Ô Zvgvi K_v hw` GB ch š B n q _v K, Z e GKUv cö kœi g Zv cökœb Zzwg K iq Mvjvg Avhv` Ki Ges M` vb gy³ KiÕ m e w³ ejj, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! `yõuv GKB e bq wk? bex Kixg (Qvt) ej jb, bv, Mvjvg Avhv` Kiv Zv Kvb Mvjvg K Avhv` KivB Ges M` vb gy³ Kiv gv b AvZ xq- ^R bi gyw³i Rb mvnvh Kiv Ges wcöq e (A_ -m ú`) `vb Kiv hw` Zv bv cvi, Z e zavz K Lv` LvIqv e, wccvmvz K cvwb cvb Kiv e, mrkv Ri Av `k Ki e Ges AmrKv R wb la Ki e hw` Zv ZI mg_ bv ni, Z e Kj vyki K_v e ZxZ Zvgvi gyl eü ivl eõ 15 Ab Î ivm~j (Qvt) e jb, - Ô n jvk mkj! ci úi mvjvg wewbgq Ki, Ab K Lv` LvIqvI, AvZ xqzvi m úk ervq ivl, iv Z QvjvZ Av`vq Ki gvbyl hlb Nygš _v K, wbivc ` Rvbœv Z cö ek KiÕ 16 AvZ xqzvi m úk e w i KwZcq Dcvq : AvZ xqzvi m úk K mỳ p I ghe~z Kiv Ges Zv A zyœ I AwePj ivlvi Rb wkqz KvR m úbœ Kiv hiƒix wb gœ mme D j L Kiv nõj - 1. AvZ xqzvi m úk i vi i Z m ú K AeMZ niqv : Kvb wrwb mi djvdj I ïf cwiywz AeMZ nõ j m KvR m úv` b gvbyl Drmvnx I AvMÖnx nq Ges Zv m úv` b m Pó I h_vmva Zrci nq ZvB AvZ xqzvi m úk i vi i Z I dhxjz AeMZ niqv Avek K 2. AvZ xqzvi m úk wqbœ Kivi cwiywz Rvbv : AvZ xqzvi m úk wqbœ Kivi cvc I cwiywz AeMZ nõ j gvbyl Gme _ K mveavb n e ZvQvov G Kvi Y h cvw_ e Awbó i q Q Zv Rvb j G eüb msi Y m Pó n e 3. Avj vn&i wbk U mvnvh cöv_ bv : AvZ xqzvi eüb i v Kiv bkxi KvR ZvB G KvR Kivi Rb Avj vn&i Kv Q ZvIdxK Kvgbv Ki Z n e c vš i G m úk wqbœ Kiv cvc ZvB G cvc _ K eu P _vkvi Rb I Avj vn&i Kv Q cöv_ bv Ki Z n e 4. AvZ xq- ^R bi `ye envi my `ifv e gvkvwejv Kiv : ÁvwZ- Mvôxi gv S gynveÿz ervq ivlv, Zv `i mv _ m úk e w Kiv Ges Am`vPi YI ˆah aviy Kiv I Zv my `ifv e gvkvwejv Kiv hgb nv`x Q G m Q, GK`v GK e w³ bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi L`g Z Dcw Z n q Avih Kij, Bqv ivm~jvj vn (Qvt)! Avgvi Nwbô AvZ xq- ^Rb i q Q, Avwg Zv `i mv _ mø envi Kwi, wkš Zviv Avgvi mv _ m úk wqbœ K i Avwg Zv `i cöwz AbyMÖn Kwi wkš Zviv Avgvi mv _ Am`vPiY K i Zviv Avgvi mv _ MvqvZ ywg K i Avwg mn Kwi ZLb ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) ej jb, Ôhw` Zvgvi e³e wvk nq, Z e Zv Zzwg hb Zv `i gy L DËß QvB cy i w` Q Zvgvi Kvi Y Zv `i `y f vm Av Q hz Y ch š Zzwg Giƒc Ki Z _vk e, ZZ Y ch š Avj vn&i c nõ Z GKRb mvnvh Kvix Zv `i gykvwejvq Zvgvi mv vk ebõ fy ji ci Zv `i ckk Z ˆKwdqZ MÖnY Kiv : AvZ xq- ^Rb fyj Kivi ci ˆKwdqZ ck Ki j Zv `i m ˆKwdqZ MÖnY Kiv Ges Zv `i gv K i `Iqv hgb BDmyd (Avt) ^xq fvb `i ckk Z ˆKwdqZ MÖnY K ib Ges Zv `i gv K i `b (BDmyd 12/91-92) 6. Zv `i Aciva gv K i `Iqv : gvbyl gvîb fyj K i, Aciva K i myzivs AvZ xq- ^R bi K Z Aciva gv K i `Iqv D`vi wpë I f`ªkvjxb gvby li cwipq Zv `i G Aciva fy j hviqv Ges ciezx Z KL bv Gme Zv `i mvg b D PviY bv Kiv G Z m ú K i Dbœqb NU e 7. Zv `i mv _ webqx I bgª AvPiY Kiv : 15. Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` nv/68; wgkkvz nv/3384, mb` Qnxn 16. Beby gvrvn nv/3374; wgkkvz nv/1907; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/ gymwjg nv/2558; wgkkvz nv/4924; Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` nv/52 5

7 AvZ xq `i mv _ bgª-f`ª AvPiY Ki j m ú K ghe~z nq m ú K i mzyeüb A zyœ _v K AvZ xq- ^Rb Av iv wbkuzi nq ZvB AvZ xq `i fyj-î wu Avg j bv wb q Zv D c v Kivi Póv Ki Z n e 8. Zv `i fyj-î wu D c v Kiv : gvby li fyj-î wu D c v Kiv gn Ë i cwipq wekvj ü` qi gvby li c B GUv m e Gi gva g ü` Zv e w cvq, ˆewiZv `~ixf~z nq 9. Zv `i Rb mva gz e q Kiv : AvZ xq `i Rb mva gz e q Kiv Kbbv Zv `i Rb `vb Ki j AwaK QIqve cviqv hvq Ges AvZ xqzvi m úk i v nq hgb Avbvm (ivt) nõ Z ewy Z, wzwb e jb, Ôg`xbvi AvbQviM Yi g a Ave~ Zvjnv (ivt) me vwak LRyi evmv bi gvwjk wq jb gmwr ` beexi wbkuezx evqi nv bvgk evmvbwu Zvi Kv Q AwaK wcöq wqj Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Zvi evmv b cö ek K i Gi my cq cvwb cvb Ki Zb Avbvm (ivt) e jb, hlb G AvqvZ AeZxY nõj, Ô Zvgiv hv fvjevm Zv nõ Z e q bv Kiv ch š Zvgiv KL bv cyy jvf Ki e bvõ (Av j Bgivb 92) ZLb Avey Zvjnv (ivt) Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kv Q wm q ej jb, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avj vn e j Qb, Ô Zvgiv hv fvjevm Zv nõ Z e q bv Kiv ch š KL bv cyy jvf Ki e bvõ (Av j Bgivb 92) Avi evqi nv evmvbwu Avgvi Kv Q AwaK wcöq GwU Avj vn&i bv g Qv`vK vn Kiv nõj, Avwg Gi Kj vy Kvgbv Kwi Ges Zv Avj vn&i wbku Avgvi Rb mâqiƒ c _vk e Kv RB Avcwb hv K `vb Kiv fvj g b K ib Zv K `vb Ki b ZLb Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) ej jb, Ô Zvgv K ab ev`, G n Q jvfrbk m ú`, G n Q jvfrbk m ú` Zzwg hv e jq, Zv ïbjvg Avwg g b Kwi, Zvgvi AvcbRb `i g a Zv eèb K i `viõ Avey Zvjnv (ivt) ej jb, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avwg ZvB Kie AZtci wzwb Zvi AvZ xq- ^Rb, Avcb PvPvi eska ii g a Zv eèb K i w` jbõ 18 Ab nv`x Q G m Q, Avãyj vn Beb gvme` (ivt)-gi x hvqbve (ivt) nõ Z ewy Z, wzwb e jb, ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) gwnjv `i D Ïk K i ej jb, Ô n bvix mgvr! Zvgiv (`vb) Qv`vK vn Ki hw`i Zv Zvgv `i Mnbvc Îi gva g nqõ hvqbve (ivt) e jb, GK_v ï b Avwg wm q Avgvi ^vgx Avãyj vn K ejjvg, ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) Avgv `i K Qv`vK vn Ki Z e j Qb Avi Zzwg Zv Mixe Afvex gvbyl, ZvB ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi Kv Q wm q wr Ám Ki, Zvgv K `vb Ki j Zv `vb wnmv e MY n e wk-bv? Zv bv nõ j Aci KvD K `vb Kie ivex e jb, Avgvi ^vgx 18. eylvix nv/1461; gymwjg nv/998; wgkkvz nv/1945 Avãyj vn Avgv K ej jb, eis ZzwgB hvi AZtci AvwgB Mjvg Ges ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi `irvq AvbQvi m cö`v qi Aci GK gwnjv K GKB D Ï k `uvov bv `Ljvg KviY ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) nõ jb Abb e w³ Z i AwaKvix I cöfvekvjx jvk AZtci wejvj (ivt) ei n q Avm j Avgiv Zv K ejjvg, Avcwb wm q ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)- K ejyb, `yõrb gwnjv `irvq `uvwo q Av Q Zviv Avcbvi Kv Q Rvb Z Pv Q- hw` Zviv Zv `i wbr ^vgx K `vb K i Ges Zv `i N ib cöwzcvwjz BqvZxg K `vb K i ZvnÕ j wk Zv Av`vq n e? Avi Aby iva nõj Avgv `i cwipq Zuv K Rvbv eb bv ivex e jb, AZtci wejvj (ivt) ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi Kv Q wm q wr Ám Ki jb ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) Zv K wr Ám Ki jb, gwnjvøq K K? wzwb ej jb, GKRb AvbQvi Mv Îi Ges AciRb hvqbve? wzwb ej jb, Avãyj vn&i x hvqbve AZtci Zuv K ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) ej jb,. ÔZviv Df qb Zv `i `v bi Rb wø Y QIqve cv e GK. wbkuvz xq `i mv _ mø env ii Rb `yb. Qv`vK vn Kivi Rb Õ 19 Ab ey bvq G m Q, Beby AveŸv mi Mvjvg KzivBe nõ Z ewy Z,... A_ vr gvqg~bvn web Z nvwiq (ivt) Zv K msev` `b h, bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi AbygwZ e ZxZ wzwb Zvi euvw` K gy³ K i w` jb AZtci Zvi N i bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi Ae v bi w`b wzwb ej jb, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avcwb wk Rv bb bv h, Avwg Avgvi euvw` gy³ K i w` qwq? wzwb ej jb, ÔZzwg wk Zv K iqõ? gvqg~bvn (ivt) ej jb, nü v wzwb ej jb, Ô kvb! Zzwg hw` Zvgvi gvgv `i K GUv `vb Ki Z ZvnÕ j Zvgvi Rb ekx bkxi KvR nõzõ 20 Ab Î ivm~j (Qvt) e jb,. Ô`wi`ª K `vb Ki j Kej Qv`vK vi QIqve g j Avi AvZ xq K `vb Ki j Qv`vK vi QIqve I AvZ xqzvi eüb i vi QIqve DfqB cviqv hvqõ eylvix nv/1466; gymwjg nv/1000; wgkkvz nv/ eylvix nv/ wziwghx nv/658; Beby gvrvn nv/1844; wgkkvz nv/1939, mb` Qnxn 6

8 10. LuvUv`vb cwinvi I Zv `i wbku `vex-`viqv _ K weiz _vkv : `vb K i LuvUv `Iqv cvc Ges Gi cwiywz AZ š fqven ivm~j (Qvt) e jb, Ô LuvUv`vbKvix Rvbœv Z cö ek Ki e bvõ 22 weavq AvZ xq- ^Rb K `vb K i LuvUv `Iqv _ K weiz _vk Z n e Zgwb Zv `i wbku _ K Kvb wkqz PvIqv ev Zv `i wbk U Kvb wkqz `vex Kiv _ KI weiz _vk Z n e 11. ^Rb `i Aí Dc XŠK bi Zzó _vkv : Dcnvi-Dc XŠKb w` j cvi úwik gynveÿz e w cvq gvby li mva I mv a i mgš^q bv NU j, ci úi K Dcnvi `Iqvi Î h _vchy³ e Dcnvi cö`vb Ki Z cv i bv ZvB AvZ xq `i cö`ë Dcnv i mš ó niqv cö qvrb, hw`i Zv cwigv Y Kg nq 12. Zv `i Ae v I Ae v bi cöwz j ivlv : gv S-g a AvZ xq- ^R bi LuvR-Lei ivlv, eq i GKevi nõ ji Zv `i mv _ mv vr Kiv cö Z Ki KZ e muv m e bv nõ j Aš Z Uwj dvb ev gvevb j LuvR-Lei biqv Ges Zv `i mv _ hvmv hvm i v Kiv hiƒix Zv `i mv _ nvwmgy L K_v ejv Ges h_vmva mym úk ervq ivlv Zv `i AwaKvi cwic~y fv e Av`vq Kiv GQvov Zv `i gh v`v I i Abyhvqx h _vchy³ m vb Kiv G Z K i AvZ xqzvi eüb AUzU _vk e Ges ci ú ii g a ü` Zv e w cv e 13. Zv `i Kó bv `Iqv I Zv `i mgm v `~i Kiv : Kvb AvZ xq K KLbI Kó bv `Iqv Ges Zv `i mgm vejx h_vmva `~i Kivi Póv Kiv AvZ xq- ^Rb hlb Rvb e h, AgyK e w³ AvZ xq `i mv _ DËg e envi K i, m KvD K Kó `q bv Ges Zv `i Amyweav `~i Ki Z m Pó I Zv `i mgm vq mn hvwmzv K i, ZLb Zvi mv _ mk j mym úk ervq ivl e; Zvi cöwzi mk j mngg x I mn hvmx n e 14. Zv `i fr mbv I wzi vi Kiv _ K weiz _vkv : AvZ xq- ^Rb evox Z Avm j Avbw `Z niqv Ges Zv `i mgv`i Kiv KLbI Kvb Kv R Î wu nõ j Zv `i fr mbv I wzi vi bv Kiv kvjxb e w³ gvîb gvby li h _vchy³ nk cö`vb K i _v Kb wzwb wb Ri n Ki cöwz åƒ c K ib bv; Ac i Zvi AwaKvi Av`vq Ki K ev bv Ki K mw` KI j iv Lb bv; eis Ac ii nk Av`v q Zrci _v Kb Zgwb Kvb AvZ xq Kv iv h_vh_ nk Av`vq bv Ki ji Zv K wzi vi Kiv _ K weiz _vk Z n e 15. AvZ xq `i mgv jvpbv mn Kiv : wewkó e w³m Yi Ab Zg Yvejx I ˆewkó n Q Zv `i mv _ AwZ RNb, hš Yv I cxov`vqk AvPiY Kiv nõ ji Zuviv mme A vb e` b mn K ib Ges Zv `i mv _ Lvivc AvPiY K ib bv, eis DËg e envi K ib myzivs AvZ xq `i mv _I Abyiƒc AvPiY Ki Z n e KLbI Zviv mgv jvpbv Ki ji Zv mn Ki Z n e G Z Zviv Av iv wbkuzi n e 16. AvZ xq `i mv _ nvwm-vvævq ga cš v Aej ^b Kiv : mgv Ri mkj gvbyl me wrwbm cm ` K i bv hgb A b K nvwm-vvæv cm ` K ib bv AvZ xq `i gv SI Abyiƒc gvbyl _vkv A ^vfvwek bq ZvB Zv `i gb grvh ey S nvwm-gkkiv Ki Z n e Ges G ZI ga cš v Aej ^b Ki Z n e hv Z Gme Zz Q Kvi Y AvZ xqzvi eüb wqbœ bv nq 17. SMov-weev `i c_ cwinvi Kiv : gvbyl wnmv e ci úi g bvgvwjb m wó nõ Z cv i Avi GUv KL bv SMov-weev ` iƒc bq wkš AvZ xq `i gv S hv Z Giƒc bv N U Zvi h_vmva Póv Ki Z n e Kbbv Gi gva g kî Zv m wó nq, Aš i cöwz kva civqyzv R M I V Kv RB SMov-weev `i c_ m e vzfv e cwinvi Ki Z n e 18. ci úi Dc XŠKb wewbgq Kiv : Dcnvi-Dc XŠKb gynveÿz e w K i, Lvivc aviyv `~ixf~z K i Ges Avš wik we Øl K cöwznz K i ZvB AvZ xq `i gv S ci úi nvw`qv wewbgq Kiv Avek K ivm~j (Qvt) e jb, Ô Zvgiv ci úi K nvw`qv `vi, G K Ac ii g a ü` Zv e w KiÕ AvZ xq K Pv Li gwy fvev : AvZ xq- ^Rb K wb Ri ` ni Ask wnmv e Ávb K i Zv `i _ K wew Qbœ niqvi wpš v g b bv Avbv eis Zv `i m vb-gh v`v K wb Ri m vb Ges Zv `i Acgvb K wb Ri jvãbv g b Kiv AvZ xq `i cöwz Kv iv Giƒc g bvfve _vk j G eüb Av iv mỳ p n e 20. AvZ xq `i mv _ ˆewiZv Awbó I wec `i KviY : AvZ xq- ^R bi mv _ kî Zv I ˆeix g bvfve bv _vkv G Z AKj vy I wec `i c_ cök nq Kbbv gvbyl ^qsm ú~y bq wb Ri Rxeb Pjvi c _ A b i mvnvh mn hvwmzv Zvi cö qvrb nq G cö qvr bi Î AvZ xqiv me v MÖ GwM q Av m Avi AvZ xq `i mv _ ˆewiZv _vk j Zviv wec`-gyqxe Zi mgqi `~ i _v K 22. eylvix nv/6684; gymwjg nv/2556; wgkkvz nv/ Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` nv/594, mb` nvmvb 7

9 d j wec`mö e w³ Av iv AKj vy I wec `i m ylxb nq GRb AvZ xq `i mv _ my-m úk ervq ivl Z n e 21. h_vmg q AvZ xq `i iy Ki Z AvMÖnx niqv : h_vmg q AvZ xq `i iy Kivi A_ n Q weevn-kv`x, Iqvjxgv ev G ai bi Abyôvb I mgv e k Zv `i K `viqvz `Iqv Ges Zv `i AskMÖn Yi cö qvrbxq e e v MÖnY Kiv fyjekz KD ev` c o M j Zvi Kv Q wm q ˆKwdqZ ck K i, mva gz Zv K ivhx-lywk Kiv G Z m úk Av iv e w cv e 22. AvZ xq `i gv S weev` gxgvsmvq Drmvnx niqv : AvZ xq `i ci ú ii gv S weev` gxgvsmvi Rb h_vmva Póv Kiv Kbbv AvZ xq `i gv Si SMov-weev` I wdrbv-dvmv` wgwu q bv dj j GUv evo Z _v K hv GK mgq Ab vb AvZ xq `i gv S Qwo q c o d j GB weev `i AwMœ mkj K R vwj q gv i c vš i weev` wgwu q dj j m úk mỳ p nq 23. cwiz ³ m ú` eè b `ª ZZv : Kvb ^R bi i L hviqv m ú` DËivwaKvix `i gv S `ª Z eè bi e e v Kiv mb mv _ eè b b vq-bbqvd ervq ivlv, hv Z cö Z K cövck Zvi h_vh_ Ask cvq Avi cwiz ³ m ú` wb q Ø Ø m wói c~ e B G KvR m úbœ Kiv kªq G Z AvZ xq- ^Rb `i gv S m úk Kvwjgvgy³ I wb jyl nq 24. hš_ Abyôv b HK g Zi cöwz AvMÖnx niqv : Kvb hš_ Abyôv b mkj Î mevi mv _ HK gz cvly Kivi cöwz AvMÖnx niqv wb Ri gz cöwzôv ev wb Ri wm vš ev evq b AUj _vkvi gb-gvbwmkzv cwinvi Kiv Zv `i g a ü` Zv e w, civgk cö`vb, mk ji cöwz AbyMÖn Kiv Ges mzzv I AvgvbZ i v Kiv Avi cö Z KB wb Ri Rb hv cm ` Ki e A b i Rb I ZvB cm ` Ki e Z`ªƒc cö Z K KB wb Ri I Ac ii nk m ú K AeMZ niqv Zv `i mv _ DËg e envi Kiv Ges mgm v mgvav bi Rb we vwiz I Lvjv gjv Av jvpbv Kiv Zv `i mv _ Nwbó AvPiY Kiv Ges Am½wZc~Y AvPiY _ K m e vzfv e weiz _vkv KLbI Zv `i K D c v bv Kiv KD Kvb e vcv i GKgZ bv nõ ji Zvi mv _ fvj e envi Kiv Gfv e Pj Z cvi j Zv `i g a ingz AeavwiZ n e, ü` Zv e w cv e Ges Zv `i g a eikz bvwhj n e 25. AvZ xqzvi cögvy msi Y : AvZ xqzvi cögvy msi Y `yõfv e Kiv hvq (K) KvM R AvZ xq `i bvg, wvkvbv I dvb b ^i wj L msi Y Kiv Ges mkj K Kwc `Iqv eskxq m úk ev AvZ xqzvi m úk wj L ev gyl K i msi Yi e vcv i nv`x Q wb ` k G m Q hgb Ryevqi Beby gyzcg (ivt) e jb, wzwb Igi Bebyj LvË ve (ivt)- K wg ^ ii Dci fvlyiz Ae vq ej Z ï b Qb,. A_ vr Zvgv `i eskcwäkv (bmebvgv) R b ivl Ges (Z`byhvqx) NwbôRb `i mv _ m úk i v Ki Avj vn&i Kmg! A bk mgq Kvb e w³ I Zvi (eskvbyµwgk) fvb qi g a (AcÖxwZKi) wkqz GKUv N U hvq; hw` m Rvb Z cviz h, Zvi Ges Gi g a i ³i eüb we` gvb i q Q, Z e Zviv Zv K Zvi fvb K Ac` Kiv nõ Z wbe Ë KiZ 24 Ab ey bvq G m Q, Avãyj vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nõ Z ewy Z, wzwb e j Qb,. ÔeskcwÄKv msi Y Ki (Ges Z`byhvqx) NwbôRb `i mv _ m úk ervq ivl Kbbv `~ ii AvZ xqi Nwbô AvPiY Øviv NwbôZi n q hvq Ges wbkuvz xqi Nwbô AvPi Yi Afv e `~i n q hvq i ³i eüb wkqvg Zi w`b Zvi mswk ór bi m y L G m `uvov e Ges hw` m Zv K `ywbqvq hy³ i L _v K, Z e m Zvi c mv w` e, hw` m Zv K `ywbqvq wqbœ K i _v K, Z e m Zvi wei mv w` eõ 25 (L) AvZ xq `i mv _ mv vr Ki Z hviqvi mgq mš vbmš wz K m ½ biqv hv Z Zv `i mv _ m úk i vq Zviv Af nq Ges Zv `i mv _ cwiwpz nq 26. AvZ xqzvi m úk i v Kiv K Avj vn&i ˆbKU jv fi gva g g b Kiv : m e vcwi mkj Î Kej Avj vn&i mš wó I Zuvi ivhx- Lywki D Ï k KvR Ki Z n e, G Z Ab KvD K kixk Kiv Pj e bv mkj KvR n e bkx I ZvK Iqvi e vcv i mn hvwmzv, Rvwnjx Kvb wel qi msi Y I Dbœqb j n e bv Zgwb AvZ xqzvi m úk i v K QIqve AR b I Avj vn&i ˆbKU jv fi gva g wnmv e MÖnY Ki j G m ú K KLbI wpo ai e bv [Pj e] 24. Avj-Av`veyj gykiv` nv/72, mb` Qnxn 25. Avj-Av`veyj gykiv` nv/73, mb` Qnxn 8

10 we`ôavz I Zvi cwiywz gynv v` kixdzj Bmjvg* (4_ wkw ) we`ôav Zi DrcwË kvqlyj Bmjvg Beby Zvqwgqv (int) e jb, ÔBjg I Bev`Z welqk me cökvi we`ôavz Lyjvdv q iv k`x bi LjvdZKv ji k li w` KB cökvk cvq 26 hgb G wel q mzk K i ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) e j Qb, - Ô Zvgv `i g a h e w³ Avgvi c i RxweZ _vk e m eû ai bi gzv bk `L Z cv e AZGe m mgq Zvgv `i Aek KZ e n e Avgvi mybœvz I Avgvi myc_cövß Lyjvdv q iv k`x bi mybœvz K Pvqv ji `uvz Øviv gheyzfv e AuvK o aiv Avi mveavb! Zvgiv (Øx bi e vcv i) bzzb KvR n Z eu P _vk e Kbbv cö Z K bzzb KvRB we`ôavzõ 27 IQgvb (ivt)-gi kvnv`z ei Yi c i hlb gymjgvb `i g a wefw³i m wó nõj, wvk ZLbB me cö_g Ônviƒwiq vnõ we`ôavz cökvk jvf Kij AZtci Qvnvev q Kiv gi kl hvgvbvq ÔK`iÕ A_ vr ZvK `xi e j wkqz bb GB wek v mi we`ôavz cökvk jvf K i Zvi cicib ÔBiRvÕ A_ vr Avgj Cgv bi Ask bq GB wek v mi we`ôavz, ÔZvkvqÿ Õ A_ vr ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi g Zz i c i Avjx (ivt) cö_g Ljxdv niqvi hvm AwaKvix GB wek v mi Dci MwVZ we`ôavz Ges ÔLvIqv irõ A_ vr Kvexiv bvnmvi Kv di I wpi vqx Rvnvbœvgx wek v mi we`ôavz cökvk jvf K i AZtci Zv ecb `i kl hvgvbvq Igi Be b Avãyj Avhxh (int)-gi g Zz i c i Lvivmv b wnkvg Be b Avãyj gv jk (int)-gi LjvdZKv j Rvnwgqvn `i DrcwË nq Avi Dwj wlz we`ôavz wj wøzxq kzvãx wnrix Z m wó nq m mgq Qvnvev q Kiv gi A b KB RxweZ wq jb Ges Zuviv G mkj we`ôavz K mva gz `gb K iwq jb AZtci Bmjv gi mvbvjx hy Mi c i G m ÔgyÔZvwhjvÕ (hviv wb R `i Ávb ev we e Ki gvb` Ê kixôavz K gv b) we`ôav Zi m wó nq Zvici ÔZvQvDdÕ ev ÔQ~dxev`Õ Z_v Keic~Rvix `i Rb nq Gfv e hy Mi AveZ b wek e vcx ikgvix we`ôav Zi cöv`yf ve N U we`ôavz m wói KviY (1) AÁZv : Avj vn KZ K bvwhjk Z Awn-i weavb Z_v KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq m ú K h_v_ Ávb bv _vkvb mgv R we`ôavz m wói cöavb KviY mwvk c_ bv Pbvi Kvi Y gvbyl hgb c_ fyj K i, Zgwb KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi h_v_ Ávb bv _vkvi Kvi Y gvbyl kixôavz ewnf~ Z KvR K Bev`Z wnmv e MÖnY K i Avi GRb B ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) ÁvbvR b K dih e j NvlYv w` q Qb wzwb e jb, ÔcÖ Z K gymwj gi Dci ÁvbvR b Kiv dihõ 28 Avj vn ZvÔAvjv Zuvi m ^ Ü Bjgwenxb K_v ej Z wb la K i Qb wzwb e jb, - Ôej, Avgvi cöwzcvjk nvivg K i Qb cökvk I Mvcb Ak xjzv, cvcvpvi I Am½Z we ivwazv K Ges Kvb wkqz K Avj vn&i kixk Kiv K, hvi Kvb `jxj wzwb AeZxY K ibwb Ges Avj vn m ^ Ü Ggb wkqz ejv K, h m ^ Ü Zvgv `i Kvb Ávb bbõ (AvÔivd 7/33) wzwb Ab Î e jb, - Ô h wel q Zvgvi Kvb Ávb bb m wel q Abygvb Øviv cwipvwjz n qv bv wbðqb KY, P z I ü`q I `i cö Z KB wrávwmz n eõ (evbx BmivCj 17/36) nvmvb eqix (int) e jb, ÔwbðqB we`ôavzxiv Bj gi w`k _ K G Kev ib bmy Avi G Kvi YB Zviv we`ôavzx n q QÕ 29 kvqlyj Bmjvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e jb, * wjmvý, g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq, mš`x Avie 26. Beby ZvBwgqvn gvrg~ô dvzviqv 10/354 c t 27. Avey`vD` nv/4607; wziwghx nv/2676; Beby gvrvn nv/42; wgkkvz nv/165, Ômybœvn K ` pfv e AvuK o aivõ Aby Q`, e½vbyev` (Gg`vw`qv) 1/122 c t; Avjevbx, mb` Qnxn 28. Beby gvrvn nv/224; wgkkvz nv/218; Avjevbx, mb` Qnxn, Qnxûj Rv gô nv/ Avey BmnvK Avk- kvwzex, Avj-BÔwZQvg 2/204 c t 9

11 Ô h e w³ Avgj e ZxZ Bj gi w` K AvnŸvb K i m c_åó Avi h e w³ Bjg wenxb Avg ji w` K AvnŸvb K i mi c_åó G `i P q AwaK c_åó m e w³, h we`ôavzx `i c _ Bjg A š^ly K i d j m KziAvb I mbœvz ewnf~ Z K g i AbymiY K i Ges aviyv K i h, Bnv Bjg; A_P Bnv AÁZv Abyiƒcfv e h e w³ we`ôavzx `i cš vq Bev`Z K i m Bmjvgx kixôavz ewnf~ Z Avgj K i Ges aviyv K i h, m Bev`Z Ki Q; A_P Bnv åózvõ 30 AZGe Ávb Ggb GK Av jvkewz Kv, hvi gva g gvbyl Rvbœv Zi c_ mȳ úófv e `L Z cvq wb R K aÿs mi nvz _ K i v K i Ges Ab KI i v Ki Z m g nq c vš i AÁZv Ggb GK AÜKvi, hvi g a wbgw¾z n q wb R Rvbœv Zi c _i w`kv nvwi q d j Ges Aci KI m c _i müvb w` Z cv i bv Avi Giƒc AÁ e w³ivb wb R we`ôavzx nq Ges Qnxn, hcd I Rvj nv`x Qi g a cv_ K wbiƒc Y A g niqvq fyj driqv `q mv _ mv _ gvbe iwpz wkq&qv-kvwnbx I ^cœe Ëv š i gva g gvbyl K åózvi kl mxgvbvq wb c K i d j wb Riv c_åó nq Ges Aci K c_åó K i Ges cikv j Rvnvbœv gi Lwo nq (2) cöe wëc~rv : cöe wëc~rv Z_v wb Ri gb h KvR K fvj g b K i Zvi AbymiY Kiv we`ôavz m wói Ab Zg GKwU KviY kqzvb gvbyl K Rvnvbœv g wb q hviqvi Rb m`v e cwiki m Bmjvg ewnf~ Z KvR K gvby li mvg b Lye my `i I my kvwfziƒ c Dc vcb K i d j gvby li gb Zv mvb ` MÖnY K i ax i ax i Zv GK mgq Bmjv gi weavb wnmv e gvbe mgv R cwiwpwz jvf K i GgbwK kl ch š gvbyl Gi wei Ae vbkvix KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq KB AMÖvn K i e m d j m c_åó Rvnvbœvgx `i Aš f y³ n q hvq Avj vn ZvÔAvjv e jb, - ÔAZtci Zviv hw` Zvgvi AvnŸv b mvov bv `q, ZvnÕ j Rvb e h, Zviv Zv Kej Zv `i Lqvj-Lykxi AbymiY K i Avj vn&i c_wb ` k AMÖvn K i h e w³ wbr Lqvj-Lykxi AbymiY K i Zv A c v AwaK weåvš Avi K? Avj vn hvwjg m cö`vq K c_wb ` k K ib bvõ (KvQvQ 30. kvqlyj Bmjvg Beby ZvBwgqvn, gvrg~ô dvzviqv 11/27 c t 28/50) wzwb Ab Î e jb, - ÔZviv Zv Abygvb Ges wb R `i cöe wëib AbymiY K i, A_P Zv `i wbku Zv `i cöwzcvj Ki c_wb ` k G m QÕ (bvrg 53/23) wzwb Ab Î e jb, - ÔZzwg wk Zv K j K iq? h Zvi Lqvj-Lykx K wbr Bjvn evwb q wb q Q? Avj vn R bï bb Zv K weåvš K i Qb Ges Zvi KY I ü` q gvni g i w` q Qb Ges Zvi P zi Dci i L Qb AveiY AZGe Avj vn&i c i K Zv K c_wb ` k Ki e? ZeyI wk Zvgiv Dc `k MÖnY Ki e bv?õ (RvwQqv 45/23) AZGe cöe wëc~rv Ggb GK gvivzœk e vwa hv gvbyl K mij-mwvk c_ _ K wepz Z K i eµc_ Aej ^ b eva K i d j Zvi mvg b KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi ce Zmg `jxj ck Ki ji m Zv AMÖvn K i wb Ri g Zi DciB AUj _v K GgZve vq KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq ïb Z Zvi KY ewai Ges mij I mwvk c_ `L Z Zvi P z AÜ n q hvq GgbwK m Zvi wb Ri gz K ejer Kivi Rb KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi Ace vl vq wjß nq KL bv ev KziAv bi GKwUgvÎ AvqvZ A_ev nv`x Qi Kvb Ask K wb Ri g Zi Dci `jxj wnmv e ck K i wb R K K Zv_ g b K i A_P c~y nv`xq I Avqv Zi e vl v Rvbvi cö qvrb g b K i bv Avi Gi d jb mgv R m wó nq bvbv we`ôavz (3) ZvK jx` ev AÜ AbymiY : Avj vn ZvÔAvjv gvbe RvwZ K Avkivdzj gvlj~kvz Z_v m wói kªô Rxe wnmv e `ywbqvq cöiy K i Qb Ges Zvi mvwe K Rxeb cwipvjbvi hvezxq wewa-weavb bvwhj K i Qb mv _ mv _ wb ` k w` q Qb, - Ô Zvgv `i wbku Zvgv `i cöwzcvj Ki c n Z hv AeZxY n q Q, Zvgiv Zvi AbymiY Ki, Avi Zvgiv Avj vn K Q o Ab KvD K eüyiƒ c AbymiY Ki bv Zvgiv Lye AíB Dc `k MÖnY K i _vkõ (AvÔivd 7/3) A_P gvbyl hlb Avj vn&i GB wb ` k K D c v K i wbw` ó Kvb e w³ ev gvhnv ei ZvK jx `i eovrv j Ave n q Q, wvk ZLbB A bk Î KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq K AMÖvn K i we`ôavzx Kg Kv Ê wjß n q Q 10

12 gvôq~gx (int) e jb, - ÔcÖPwjZ be Avwe K Z gvhnve mg~ ni AÜ Abymvix `i e vcv i Avð h i welq nõj, wbðqb Zv `i KD (gykvwj `) ZviB AbymiY K i, hv Kej gvî Zvi gvhnv ei w` K m úwk Z, hw`i Zv `jxj _ K A bk `~ i nq Ges wek vm K i h wzwb (AbymiYxq Bgvg) Avj vn cöwiz bex Avi Ab Rb nk Ges mwvkzv _ K A bk `~ i Avi Avgiv j K iwq Ges cix v K i ` LwQ h, wbðqb H mg gyk vwj `iv wek vm K i h, Zv `i Bgv gi Giƒc fyj niqv Am e eis wzwb hv e j Qb ZvB mwvk wkš Zviv Zv `i Aš i Mvcb i L Q h, Zviv KLbB Zv `i (AbymiYxq Bgvg) ZvK jx` Qvo e bv, hw`i `jxj Zvi wecixz nqõ 31 Kvgvj web ûgvg nvbvdx (int) e jb, - ÔQnxn g Z wbw` ó Kvb gvhnv ei AÜ AbymiY Kiv Acwinvh bq Kbbv Zvi (gvhnv ei) AÜ AbymiY Acwinvh Kiv nqwb Avj vn Ges Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt) hv IqvwRe K ibwb Zv KLbB IqvwRe n e bv Avi Aj vn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt) gvby li g a Kv iv Dci BgvgM Yi Kvb GKR bi gvhnve K Ggbfv e MÖnY Kiv IqvwRe Ki bwb h, Øx bi e vcv i Zvi (Bgvg) AvbxZ mkj wkqzb MÖnY Ki e Ges A b i mkj wkqz cwiz vm Ki e wbw` ó Kvb gvhnv ei AÜ AbymiY Acwinvh niqvi K_v ejv QvovB gh v`vc~y kzvãx mg~n AwZevwnZ n q Q 32 mv ek me`x MÖ vê gydzx, wek e iy Av j g Øxb kvql Avãyj Avhxh web Avãyj vn web evh (int) e jb, ÔPvi gvhnv ei Kvb GK gvhnv ei ZvK jx` Kiv IqvwReÕ g g cöpwjz K_vwU wbtm ` n fyj; eis Pvi gvhnvemn Ab `i ZvK jx` Kiv IqvwRe bq Kbbv KziAvb I mybœvn-gi B Ëev Kivi g a B nk wbwnz Av Q, Kvb e w³i ZvK jx `i g a bqõ 33 (4) kvic wel q AwZiÄb ev evovevwo : gvbe RvwZi Dci Aek KZ e nõj, Awn-i weavb hfv e bvwhj n q Q Zv K mfv eb A zyœ ivlv Avj vn hv K h gh v`v w` q Qb Zv K m gh v`vq f~wlz Kiv wkš gvbyl kvic wel q AwZiÄb ev evovevwo Ki Z Ki Z A bk mybœvz ev bdj K di h cwiyz K i Q Bmjvgx kixôav Z Kvb Aw Z Luy R cviqv hvq bv, Ggb welq K dhxj Zi D P wkl i mgybœxz K i wbk ó we`ôav Zi Rb w` q Q L óvbiv Cmv (Avt)- K wb q evovevwo Ki Z Ki Z Avj vn&i cyî evwb q Q Q~dxiv gvwui ˆZix gynv v` (Qvt)- K b~ ii ˆZix evwb q Avj vn&i Avm b ewm q Q ^qs Avj vn gynv v` (Qvt)-Gi g Zz i NvlYv w` ji evsjvi AwaKvsk gvbyl Zv D c v K i ivm~j (Qvt)- K RxweZ NvlYv w` q Zuvi Rb w`em Dcj AmsL we`ôavz K i P j Q Avi G Kvi YB Bmjvgx kixôa Z evovevwo Ki Z wb la Kiv n q Q Avj vn ZvÔAvjv e jb, - Ôej, n wkzveavixmy! Zvgiv Zvgv `i Øxb m ^ Ü Ab vq evovevwo Ki bv Ges h m cö`vq BwZc~ e c_åó n q Q, A bk K c_åó K i Q I mij c_ nõ Z wepz Z n q Q, Zv `i Lqvj-Lykxi AbymiY Ki bvõ (gv q`vn 5/77) ivm~j (Qvt) e j Qb, Ô Zvgiv (Øx bi g a ) AwZiÄb ev evovevwo _ K eu P _vk wbðqb Zvgv `i c~e ez x jv Kiv Øx bi g a evovevwo Kivi Kvi Y aÿsm n q M QÕ 34 (5) hcd I Rvj nv`x Qi AbymiY : we`ôavzxiv AwaKvsk Î hcd I Rvj nv`x Qi wfwë Z we`ôavzx Kg Kv Ê wjß nq Avevi wkqz Î we`ôavzx KvR K ejer Kivi Rb KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi Ace vl v K i Zv `i K ms kva bi D Ï k hw` ejv nq h, Zvgiv h nv`x Qi wfwë Z AvgjwU KiQ mwu hcd A_ev Rvj, ZvnÕ j mv _ mv _ Zviv e j D V, nv`xq wk 31. Avj-gvÔQ~gx, nvw`q vzzm myjzvb 76 c t 32. Avj-gvÔQ~gx, nvw`q vzzm myjzvb 56 c t 33. Avãyj Avhxh web Avãyj vn web evh, gvrg~ dvzviqv, 3/72 c t 34. gymbv ` Avngv` nv/3248; Beby gvrvn nv/3029; Avjevbx, mb` Qnxn; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/

13 KL bv hcd A_ev Rvj nq? A_P GK_vB mwvk h, ivm~j (Qvt) _ K ewy Z nv`xq KL bv hcd I Rvj nq bv eis hme K_v I Kg ivm~j (Qvt) _ K cögvwyz bq; A_P Zv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi w` K m ^wüz Kiv nq ZvB g~jzt hcd I Rvj nv`xq wnmv e cögvwyz Avi Giƒc AmsL hcd I Rvj nv`xq mgv R cöpwjz Av Q Ges Gi AwaKvskB nv`x Qi wkzve wj Z wjwce n q Q d j gvbyl weåvš n Q Ges we`ôavz K Qvo Z Zv `i Kó n Q GK kªyxi Av jg mgvr D³ nv`xq wji hcd I Rvj niqvi KviY Rvb ji gvhnvex Muvovgx I Zv `i Bj gi AnsKv ii Kvi Y m jv K mgv R wrb q i L Q Avj vn Zv `i K n`vqvz `vb Ki b Avgxb! (6) weag x `i AbyKiY : gymjgvbiv weag x `i AbyKi Y gymwjg mgv R A bk we`ôavz Pvjy K i Q hgb- Keic~Rv, cxic~rv, C ` gxjv`ybœex, Ke i I knx` gxbv i cy ú ek Ac Y BZ vw` wewfbœ ai bi AmsL we`ôavz weag x `i AbyKi YB m wó n q Q Avi gymjgbiv h weag x `i AbyKiY Ki e Ggb fwel ØvevYxI ivm~j (Qvt) K i M Qb wzwb e jb, - ÔwbðqB Avgvi D Zi Dci Zgb Ae v Avm e, hgb G mwqj eby BmªvC ji Dci GK Rvov RyZvi ci ú i mgvb niqvi b vq GgbwK Zv `i g a hw` KD GgbI _v K, h Zvi gv qi mv _ cökv k hbv K i Q, Avgvi D Zi g a I Zgb jvk cviqv hv e h Ggb KvR Ki e Avi eby BmªvCj 72 ` j wef³ n qwqj, Avgvi D Z 73 ` j wef³ n e mevb Rvnvbœv g hv e, GKwU `j e ZxZ Zviv ej jb, mwu Kvb `j n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)? wzwb ej jb, hviv Avwg I Avgvi QvnvexMY hvi Dc i AvwQ, Zvi Dci wu K _vk eõ 35 Avi weag x `i AbyKi Yi cwiywz D j L K i wzwb e jb, Ô h e w³ h KI gi AbyKiY Ki e wk qvg Zi w`b m Zv `ib Aš f y³ n eõ wziwghx nv/2641; wgkkvz nv/171; Avjevbx, mb` nvmvb; Qnxûj Rv gô nv/ Avey`vD` nv/4031; wgkkvz nv/4347; Avjevbx, mb` Qnxn; Qnxûj Rv gô nv/6149 AZGe weag x `i AbyKi Y we`ôavzx Kg Kv Ê wjß nõ j Aek B Rvnvbœv g h Z n e Avi G _ K i v c Z nõ j ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev q Kiv gi c_ Z_v GKgvÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi AbymiY Ki Z n e (7) wb Ri Ávb K KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi Dci cövavb `Iqv : Avj vn ZvÔAvjv gvbe RvwZ K Ab vb gvlj~kv Zi Dci kªôz cö`vb K i Qb Avi GB kªô Z i gvb`ê wnmv e gvbyl K `vb K i Qb we ek ev eyw gvbyl mb we ek-eyw K Kv R jvwm q KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi gvb` Ê fvj-g `i cv_ K wbiƒcy Ki e wkš gvbyl KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq K D c v K i wb Ri we e Ki gvb` Ê fvj-g `i cv_ K wbiƒcy Ki Z wm q fvj Kv Ri `vnvb w` q we`ôav Z nvmvbvi bv g AmsL we`ôav Zi Rb w` q Q A_P Bmjvgx kixôav Z we`ôav Z nvmvbvi Kvb Aw Z bb ivm~j (Qvt) e j Qb, - ÔwbðqB m e vëg K_v nõj Avj vn&i wkzve, Avi m e vëg wn`vqvz nõj gynv v` (Qvt)-Gi wn`vqvz me wbk ó KvR nõj (kixôav Zi g a ) be Avwe vi Avi cö Z K be Avwe vib we`ôavz Ges cö Z K we`ôavzb Mvgivnx Avi cö Z K Mvgivnxi cwiyvgb RvnvbœvgÕ 37 (8) cxi-`i e ki wg_ v Kvk&d I ^ cœi cöeâbv : Q~dx gzev ` wek vmx GK kªyxi cxi, `i ek I dkx iiv Zv `i wbku Avj vn&i c _ K Kvk di wg_ v `vex K i GgbwK Zv `i g a A b K Avevi mivmwi Avj vn&i mv _ mv v Zi K_vI e j _v K Zv `i Kv Q KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Zz j ai j Zviv e j, Zvgv `i GB Áv bi mb` Zv GK g Z e w³ _ K Aci g Z e w³ Avi Avgv `i Áv bi mb` ^qs Avj vn mivmwi Avj vn Avgv `i K Øx bi Bjg wk v w` q _v Kb Zvgv `i Bjg wkzv ei g a we` gvb, Avi Avgv `i Bjg Kj ei g a we` gvb Avgv `i gv`ivmvq wjlv-covi cö qvrb nq bv Gfv e Zviv kvic wel q AÁ e w³ `i mvg b Gai bi bvbv eywj AvIwo q gvbezvi gyw³i mb` KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq K D c v K i wb R `i gw cöm~z KvíwbK fvev em K Kvivg Zi `vnvb w` q AmsL wkik I we`ôav Zi Rb w` q _v K Avj vn Zv `i K n`vqvz `vb Ki b Avgxb! (9) Ijvgv q Kiv gi bxiezv I ^v_ v š^ly : Avj vn ZvÔAvjv e jb, 37. bvmvc nv/1578; Avjevbx, mb` Qnxn; Qnxûj Rv gô nv/

14 - Ô Zvgv `i g a Ggb GKwU `j _vkv DwPZ, hviv (gvbyl K) Kj v Yi w` K AvnŸvb Ki e Ges mrkv Ri wb ` k w` e I AmrKv R wb la Ki e; Avi IivB n e mdjkvgõ (Av j-bgivb 3/104) Avj vn ZvÔAvjv gnvb GB `vwqz cvj bi Rb Avw ^qv q Kivg K wb qvwrz K iwq jb ez gv b GB `vwqz Ijvgv q Kiv gi Dci Awc Z n q Q Kbbv ivm~j (Qvt) e j Qb, ÔwbðqB Av jgmy Avw ^qv q Kiv gi IqvwiQÕ 38 wkš `yt Li welq nõj, ez gv b AwaKvsk Av jg Avw ^qv q Kiv gi IqvwiQ niqvi cwie Z Zuv `i `ykg b cwiyz n q Q mgv R Zv `i bz Z, c KU fwz UvKv I cu fwz fvj Lv` nvwq ji D Ï k Ges BgvgwZi PvKzix nvzqvov niqvi f q Avj vn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Dci wg_ v ivc K i AmsL we`ôavz K jvjb Ki Q AvR KB hw` NvlYv `Iqv nq h, gxjv` Ki j Kvb UvKv `Iqv n e bv, k e eivz Dcj Kvb nvjyqv-i wu I wgwó weziy n e bv, Zvn j ZvivB G jv K we`ôavz e j NvlYv w` e G Z Kvb m `n bb Avi Giƒc Av jg `i cwiyvg fqven Avey ûivqivn (ivt) n Z ewy Z, wzwb e jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e j Qb, - Ô h e w³ Zvi Rvbv Bjg m ú K wrávwmz n qi Zv Mvcb K i iv L, wk qvg Zi w`b Zv K Av bi jvmvg cwi q `Iqv n eõ 39 c vš i nk cš x Ijvgv q Kiv gi AwaKvsk `ywbqv AR b e n q c o Qb Avevi A b KB wejvmeûj Avjm Rxeb-hvcb Ki Qb; mvgvb Kó ^xkvi Ki Z Zviv m Z bb G nb cwiw wz Z nk cöpv i Zv `i nv Z Kvb mgq bb GQvovI hviv nk cöpv ii `vwqz h_vh_fv e cvjb Ki Qb Zv `i msl v AZxe bmy d j Zv `i c me ii gvby li wbku nk cušqv bv m e n Q bv hvi Kvi Y mgvr _ K we`ôavz `~ixf~z n Q bv; eis Av iv evo Q we`ôav Zi cökvi f` wewfbœ ` wó KvY _ K we`ôavz K qk fv M wef³ wb gœ ` wó KvY Abyhvqx cökvi f` Av jvpbv Kiv nõj 38. Ave~`vD` nv/3641; Beby gvrvn nv/223; wgkkvz nv/212; Avjevbx, mb` Qnxn; Qnxûj Rv gô nv/ Ave~`vD` nv/3658; wziwghx nv/2649; Beby gvrvn nv/264; wgkkvz nv/223; Avjevbx, mb` Qnxn; Qnxûj Rv gô nv/6284 cö_g ` wó KvY : kvic `jxj Øviv mve niqv A_ev bv niqvi w`k _ K we`ôavz `yb cökvi h_v : (K) (Avj-we`ÔAvZyj nvk xwkq vn) Z_v cök Z we`ôavz : wewkó mgvr ms vik Bgvg kvwz ex (int) Avj-BÔwZQvg bvgk MÖ š e j Qb, - ÔcÖK Z we`ôavz nõj, hvi mg_ b kixôav Zi Kvb `jxj bb bv Avj vn&i wkzve, bv Zuvi ivm~ ji mybœvz, bv BRgvi Kvb `jxj, bv Ggb Kvb `jxj ck Kiv hvq hv Ávbx `i wbku MÖnY hvm bv gvuvgywufv e, bv we vwiz I LywUbvwUfv e GRb Gi bvg `Iqv n q Q Ôwe`ÔAvZÕ Kbbv Zv c~e ` óvš nxb bzzb Avwe K Z welqõ 40 D`vniY : (1) Avhv bi c~ e ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi Dci `iƒ` cvv Kiv we`ôav Z nvk xkx Kbbv Zv KziAvb, Qnxn nv`xq I BRgv q Qvnvev Øviv mve bq (2) ez gvb mgv R cöpwjz Ôk eeivzõ we`ôav Z nvk xk x- Gi Aš f y³ Kbbv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Q Gi Kvb Aw Z bb ivm~j (Qvt), Qvnvev q Kivg I Zv ec b Bhv gi KD KL bv Ôk eeivzõ cvjb K ibwb wkš gvbyl Adziš QIqve nvwq ji Avkvq Ôk eeivzõ Dcj wewfbœ ai bi Bev` Z wjß nq (3) ÔC ` gxjv`ybœexõ, Bmjv g hvi Kvb Aw Z bb ivm~j (Qvt), Qvnvev q Kivg I Zv ec b Bhv gi KD KL bv ÔC ` gxjv`ybœexõ D`&hvcb K ibwb wkš gvbyl Zv QIqv ei Avkvq K i _v K Giƒc AmsL we`ôavz i q Q hvi Kvb Aw Z Bmjvgx kixôav Z bb wkš mgv R bkxi KvR wnmv e cöpwjz Av Q Avi Giƒc Aw Z nxb we`ôavz KB we`ôav Z nvk xk x ejv nq (L) (Avj-we`ÔAvZzj Bhvwdq vn) ev evowz we`ôavz : Gi `yõwu ` wófw½ i q Q GK ` wófw½ Z GwU Ggb Bev`Z, hv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz Ges Aci ` wófw½ Z GwU we`ôavz, hv g~jzt KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz nõ ji Gi vb, mgq I c wz mybœvn cwicš x 40. Bgvg kvwzex (int), Avj-BÔwZQvg 1/286 c t 13

15 D`vniY : (1) Avhv bi c i ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Dci `iƒ` cvv Kiv kixôavz m Z wkš D Pt ^ i `iƒ` cvv Kiv mybœvz cwicš x, hv we`ôav Z Bhvdx-Gi Aš f y³ (2) RygÔAvi Lyrev Avi niqvi c~ e gmwr `i evb i `uvwo q Avhvb `Iqv mybœvz c vš i gmwr `i fz i LZx ei mvg b `uvwo q wbgœ ^ i Avhvb `Iqv mybœvz cwicš x, hv we`ôav Z Bhvdx-Gi Aš f ~³ (3) cuvp Iqv³ Qvjv Zi c~ e I c i me gvu 12 ivkôavz QvjvZ, hv K Ômybvbyi iviqv ZeÕ ejv nq Zv RvgvÔAvZe QvovB GKvKx Av`vq Kiv kixôavz m Z c vš i Dwj wlz QvjvZ jv RvgvÔAvZe fv e Av`vq Kiv mybœvn cwicš x, hv we`ôav Z Bhvdx-Gi Aš f y³ (4) KziAvb ZjvIqvZ GKwU DËg Bev`Z, hvi cªwzwu ni di wewbg q `kwu K i bkx AR b Kiv hvq wkš Qvjv Z i K~ Ges wmr`v Ae vq KziAvb ZjvIqvZ mybœvz cwicš x, hv we`ôav Z Bhvdx-Gi Aš f y³ (5) g Z e w³i Rb kvk cvjb Kiv kixôavz m Z wkš kvk cvj bi bv g `uvwo q GK ev `yõwgwbu bxiezv cvjb Kiv A_ev wkqz msl K gvbyl g Zi evwo Z GKwÎZ n q mk j wg j kvk cvjb Kiv mybœvz cwicš x, hv we`ôav Z Bhvdx-Gi Aš f y³ (6) kvôevb gvm ekx ekx wqqvg cvj bi gvm h gv m ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) me P q ekx bdj wqqvg cvjb K i Qb wkš ga kvôev b k eeiv Zi D Ï k w` b wqqvg I iv Z QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Bmjvgx kixôavz cwicš x, hv we`ôav Z Bhvdx-Gi Aš f y³ (7) dih Qvjv Zi c i GKvKx `vôav ev gybvrvz Kiv kixôavz m Z G mgq `vôav Kivi Rb ivm~j (Qvt) A bk jv `vôav Avgv `i K wkwl q w` q Qb, hv cvv Ki Z wgwbu mgq jvm e wkš D³ mgq Bgvg I gy³v`xi mw wjz gybvrvz, hv ivm~j (Qvt) Ges Qvnvev q Kivg _ K cögvwyz bq, Zv we`ôav Z Bhvdx-Gi Aš f y³ AZGe we`ôav Z nvk xkx Ges we`ôav Z Bhvdx-Gi g a cv_ K nõj, Bmjv g hvi Kvb wfwë bb Ggb wkqz K bkxi KvR g b K i cvjb Kiv we`ôav Z nvk xkx c vš i h Bev`Z gšwjkfv e KyiAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz wkš vb, mgq I c wz KziAvb I mybœvn cwicš x Zv K we`ôav Z Bhvdx ejv nq wøzxq ` wófw½ : K g ev evqb Ges er bi w`k _ K we`ôavz `yõcökvi (K) Z_v Kg MZ we`ôavz : GUv Ggb Kg K ejv nq, hv Bmjvgx kixôavz mgw_ Z bq A_P D³ K g i gva g gvbyl Avj vn&i ˆbKU nvwqj Ki Z Pvq we`ôavzxiv GB cökvi we`ôavz me P q ekx K i _v K hgb- k eeiv Zi wbq Z kvôevb gv mi 14 ZvwiL w`evmz iv Z 100 ivkôavz QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv k e gôiv Ri wbq Z 27 ir ei iv Z Bev`Z Kiv C ` gxjv`ybœex cvjb Kiv mn wewfbœ w`em cvjb Kiv BZ vw` hv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq we ivax (L) Z_v we`ôavz : er bg~jk Bmjvgx kixôav Z ˆea A_ev IqvwRe Kvb welq K Avj vn&i ˆbKU nvwq ji D Ï k er b Kiv G kªyxfy³ we`ôavz hgb- Avj vn&i ˆbKU nvwq ji D Ï k nvjvj Kvb cïi MvkZ bv LvIqv hgbfv e wn `yiv Mi i MvkZ Lvq bv Avj vn&i ˆbKU nvwq ji D Ï k weevn bv Kiv hgbfv e Lªxóvb cv`ªxiv weevn K i bv Z Zxq ` wófw½ : wek vm I K g ev evq bi w`k _ K we`ôavz `yõcökvi (K) Z_v wek vmmz we`ôavz : Zv nj, ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) _ K cögvwyz cöwm wel qi wecixz Kvb wel qi Dci wek vm vcb Kiv, hw`i m Zvi wek vm Abyhvqx Avgj bv K i 41 hgb- Lv irx, kxôav, gyôzv hjv, gyiwrqv, Rvnwgqv K v`vwiqv mn wewfbœ c_åó `j wji Avj vn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt) m ú K åvš AvK x`v ev wek vm (L) Z_v Kg MZ we`ôavz : Zv nj, Ggb Kvb KvR K Bev`Z wnmv e cvjb Kiv, hv Bmjvgx kixôavz mgw_ Z bq 42 A_ vr mybœvz cwicš x Avgj Kiv gynv v` web Qv jn Avj-DQvqgxb (int) K g i gva g we`ôav Zi cökvi f` ey bv Ki Z wm q e jb, mybœvz Abyhvqx Avgj Ki Z M j QqwU wel q mybœv Zi AbymiY Ki Z n e 43 Zv nj, (1) Z_v KviY ev D Ïk : A_ vr KD hw` Ggb Kvb Kvi Y ev D Ï k Bev`Z K i hv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq cwicš x, Zvn j Zv mybœvz we ivax Avgj wnmv e MY n e, hv Avj vn ZvÔAvjv Keyj Ki eb bv hgb- Zvnv¾y `i QvjvZ GKwU DËg Bev`Z wkš k eeivz A_ev k e gôiv Ri D Ï k iv Z Zvnv¾y `i QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv we`ôavz Kbbv Dwj wlz KviY ev D Ï k QvjvZ Av`v qi weavb KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz bq 41. Avjx gvnd h, Avj-Be`vÔ dx gvhviwij BewZ`vÔ, c t Z `e 43. gynv v` web Qv jn Avj-DQvBgxb, Avj-Be`vÔ dx Kvgvwjk kvic Iqv LvZvwij BewZ`vÔ, c t

16 (2) Z_v kªyx ev cökvi : A_ vr KD hw` Ggb kªyx ev cökv ii Bev`Z K i hv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz bq, Zv mybœvz cwicš x Bev`Z wnmv e MY n e Ges Avj vn ZvÔAvjvi wbku Keyj n e bv hgb- DU, Mi, QvMj A_ev fov ev `y ^v Øviv Kzievbx Kiv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz wkš Dwj wlz cïi cwie Z KD hw` Nvov Øviv Kzievbx K i Zvn j Zv mybœvz cwicš x Bev`Z wnmv e MY n e, hv Avj vn ZvÔAvjv Keyj Ki eb bv (3) Z_v cwigvy : A_ vr hzuzkz Bev`Z KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz Kej ZZUzKzB cvjb Ki Z n e Gi AwZwi³ Ki j Zv mybœvz cwicš x Avgj wnmv e MY n e, hv Avj vn ZvÔAvjvi wbku Keyj n e bv hgb- hvn ii Pvi ivkôavz dih Qvjv Zi v b cuvp ivkôavz Av`vq Ki j mybœvz cwicš x n e Abyiƒcfv e Zvivexn- Gi QvjvZ ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) KL bv 11 ivkôav Zi ekx Av`vq K ibwb wkš hw` KD GB mybœvz K D c v K i 20 ivkôavz Av`vq K i ZvnÕ j Zv mybœvz cwicš x Bev` Z cwiyz n e, hv Avj vn ZvÔAvjvi wbku Keyj n e bv (4) Z_v c wz : A_ vr ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) h Bev`Z h c wz Z Av`vq K i Qb m Bev`Z wvk m c wz Z Av`vq Ki jb Kej mybœv Zi AbymiY Kiv n e wkš hw` KD ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi c wz K ev` w` q wb Ri gw cöm~z c wz Z Bev`Z K i Zvn j Zv mybœvz cwicš x Avg j cwiyz n e, hv Avj vn ZvÔAvjvi wbku Keyj n e bv hgb- `vôav ev gybvrvz GKwU DËg Bev`Z wkš Zv n Z n e ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi c wz Abyhvqx A_ vr ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) hlb h c wz Z gybvrvz K i Qb, ZLb wvk mb c wz Z gybvrvz Ki Z n e wkš dih Qvjv Zi c i, C `i Qvjv Zi c i, g Z gvbyl K `vdb Kivi c i, weevn ˆeV K ez gv b cöpwjz `je gybvrvz ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi c wzi wecixz niqvq Zv úó we`ôavz (5) Z_v mgq : A_ vr h mgq h Bev`Z KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz, wvk m Bev`Z m mgq cvjb Ki Z n e mg qi e wzµg Ki j mybœvz cwicš x Avg j cwiyz n e, hv Avj vn&i wbku M nxz n e bv hgb- KD hw` dhxj Zi gvm wnmv e ivgvhvb gv m cï h e ni gva g Avj vn&i ˆbKU nvwqj Ki Z Pvq, ZvnÕ j Zv we`ôavz n e Kbbv cï h e ni gva g Avj vn&i ˆbKU nvwqj ïaygvî Kzievbx I AvK xkvn ØvivB n e, hv KziAvb I mybœvn Øviv cögvwyz (6) Z_v vb : A_ vr h v b h Bev`Z KziAvb I mybœvn Øviv cögvwyz, wvk m Bev`Z m v bb cvjb Ki Z n e vb cwiez b Ki j mybœvz cwicš x Avg j cwiyz n e, hv Avj vn&i wbku Keyj n e bv hgb- ivgvhv bi kl `k K gmwr ` BÔwZKvd Kiv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz wkš KD hw` gmwr `i cwie Z evwo Z BÔwZKvd K i Zvn j Zv mybœvz cwicš x Avg j cwiyz n e, hv Avj vn ZvÔAvjvi wbku Keyj n e bv PZz_ ` wófw½ : ûkz gi w`k _ K we`ôavz `yõcökvi (K) Z_v Kzdix we`ôavz : Zv nj, KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz Bmjvgx kixôav Zi AKvU Kvb welq K A ^xkvi Kiv hgb- Kvb dih K A ^xkvi Kiv, Kvb nvjvj e K nvivg I nvivg e K nvjvj g b Kiv Ges Avj vn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Av `k-wb l ai e wzµg wek vm Kiv BZ vw` (L) Z_v Kzdix bq Ggb we`ôavz : Bnv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xq Øviv cögvwyz Bmjvgx kixôav Zi Kvb welq K A ^xkvi Kiv bq hgbgviiqvwbq vn `i we`ôavz hviv QvnvexM Yi dhxjz A ^xkvi K i Zviv Kvb Qvnvex K gh v`vevb e j ^xkvi K i bv Ges Kvb Qvnvex K Kv dii e j bv [Pj e] 15

17 RvZxq wk vbxwz-2010 : GKwU ch v jvpbv DcµgwYKv : Kvgvi hhvgvb web Avãyj evix* Bmjvg GKwU kvk Z I mve Rbxb Rxeb e e v Rxe bi cöwzwu i i q Q Gi Kj vygylx w`kwb ` kbv wek Rvnv bi gnvb mªóv Avj vn iveÿyj Avjvgx bi weavbvejx Rvbv Ges Z`byhvqx Avgj Kivi Ab Zg gva g nõj wk v zav I `vwi`ª gy³ GKwU DbœZ I mg kvjx RvwZ MV bi PvweKvwV nõj wk v ZvB Avj vn ZvÔAvjv cweî KyiAv b me cö_g h wel q wb ` k w` q Qb muv nõj- ÔcoÕ Z_v wk vr b Ki GKB mv _ Kvb ai bi wk vr b Ki Z n e m wel q wb ` kbv w` q wzwb e jb, - Ôco, Zvgvi cöwzcvj Ki bv g whwb m wó K i Qb gvbyl K m wó K i Qb RgvUevav i³ w` q co, Avi Zvgvi cöwzcvjk gnvgwngvwš^z whwb wk v w` q Qb Kj gi gva g wzwb gvbyl K wk v w` q Qb Ggb wel q hv m RvbZ bvõ (AvjvK 1-5) wk vi gva gb AwR Z nq Ávb Gi gva g gvby li Bh&hZ-m vb e w cvq, mgv R Zvi gh v`vi i wbyx Z nq Avj vn ZvÔAvjv wk vr bi i Z, Zvrch I Ávbxi gh v`v m ú K e jb, Ôej, hviv Rv b Avi hviv Rv b bv Zviv wk mgvb? KejgvÎ ÁvbxivB Dc `k MÖnY K i _v KÕ (hygvi 39/9) Ab w` K AÁZv K AÜKv ii mv _ Zzjbv Kiv n q Q gnvb Avj vn e jb, Ôej, AÜ I P z vb wk mgvb A_ev AÜKvi I Av jv wk mgvb?õ (ivô` 13/16) nk I evwz ji gv S cv_ K Kvix Av jvkewz Kv m` k Bjg AR b Kiv cyi l-bvix mk ji Rb dih ivm~j (Qvt) Gikv` K i Qb, ÔÁvbvR b Kiv cö Z K gymwj gi Dci dihõ 44 Dc iv³ AvqvZ I nv`xq _ K cözxqgvb nq h, wk vr b K Bmjvg m e v P i Z cà vb K i Q Kbbv wk vi gva g Bmjv gi hvezxq weavbvejx Z_v nvjvj- * nw gynvwïq, ejwuqv Kvwgj gv`ivmv, Rvgvjcyi 44. Beby gvrvn, wgkkvz nv/218, mb` nvmvb nvivg, Rv qh-bvrv qh, Av `k-wb la, b vq-ab vq, mywepvi-awepvi, Kj vy-akj vy, fvj-g `, mybxwz-`yb xwz BZ vw` m ú K Rvbv Ges gvbv hvq gvbyl Avkivdyj gvlj~kvz Z_v m wói kªôrxe Avi GB kªô Z i g~ j i q Q Ávb Z_v wk v c vš i m wói me P q wbk ó I Awfkß Rxe nõj Bejxm kqzvb Zvi g~ ji wqj Ávb Avw` gvbe Av`g (Avt)- K m wói ci Av`g (Avt) I d ikzv `i gv S Avj vn ZvÔAvjv Áv bi cix v wb qwq jb G cix vq Av`g (Avt) K wz Z i mv _ DËxY n qwq jb Ges Av`g (Avt)-Gi P q nvhvi nvhvi eqi c~ e m wó niqv d ikzvmy AK ZKvh n qwq jb djkö wz Z Avj vn ZvÔAvjv d ikzvmy K wb ` k w` qwq jb Av`g (Avt)- K wmr`v Kivi Rb d ikzvmy Zv `i AK ZKvh Zv g b wb q Avj vn&i wb ` kvbyhvqx Av`g (Avt)- K wmr`v K iwq jb ïay Bejxm e ZxZ (evk vivn 2/31-34) eis Bejxm D ëv hyw³ cö`k b K iwqj GB e j h, ÔAvwg Zvi P q DËg Avgv K Zzwg m wó K iq Av b _ K Avi Zv K m wó K iq gvwu _ KÕ (AvÔivd 12) Av bi ˆewkó nõj EaŸ Mvgx niqv Avi gvwui ˆewkó nõj wbgœmvgx niqv myzivs Avwg Av`g K wmr`v Kie Kb? eis Av` gib DwPZ Avgv K wmr`v Kiv evwn K ` wó Z Bejx mi hyw³ mwvkb g b nq wkš Bejx mi Áv bi cwipq hlv b `qv cö qvrb wqj, mlv b w` Z e _ n q Q Ges Avj vn&i Av `k Agvb Kivi d j m wpi Awfkß Ges m wói me P q wbk ó Rx e cwiyz n q Q Dc iv³ Av jvpbvq cözxqgvb nq h, wk v `yõai bi h_v- 1. mywk v, h wk v wqj Av` gi 2. Kzwk v, h wk v wqj Bejx mi c w_ex Z AvRI `yõai bi wk vb i q Q Gi g a `k I RvwZi Rb Kj vyki, ˆbwZKZv m úbœ mywk v cö`v bi gva g ` ki ciezx bvmwik `i M o Zzj Z n e Avi m Av jv KB Avgv `i wk vbxwz cöyxz niqv hiƒix RvZxq wk vbxwz : RvZxq wk vbxwz GKwU ` ki ag xq g~j ev a D¾xweZ ˆbwZKZv m úbœ mybvmwik ˆZwii w`k-wb ` kbv weavq GUv RvwZi Rb AZxe i Z c~y welq GKwU wk vbxwzi m ½ RvwZi DbœwZ-AebwZ, Kj vy-akj vy, DÌvb-cZb Z_v RvwZi fvm I fwel Z RwoZ ZvB ` ki gvby li ag xq g~j eva, wpš v- PZbv, Avkv-AvKv v, AvK x`v-wek vm, K wó-mf Zv BZ vw`i cöwz j i L ag xq g~j eva m úbœ hy Mvc hvmx AvaywbK I weávb wfwëk wk vbxwz cöyqb Kiv DwPZ ^vaxbzvi ci _ K G ch š mvz evi RvZxq wk vbxwz cöyxz n q Q wkš Kvb wk vbxwz Z ` ki 16

18 gvby li Pvwn`vi cöwzdjb N Uwb wk vbxwz jv Z mywk vi P q Kzwk vi cöfve ekx wqj weavq hzb wkw Zi nvi evo Q ZZB `k I RvwZ `yb xwz, Ae q I AebwZi w` K `ª Z avwez n Q evsjv `k mn wek e vcx AcivaK g i ZvwjKv cöyq b `Lv hv e h, mvaviy _ K fqven Aciva K g i mv _ wkw Z jv KivB ekx RwoZ m~`-nyl, hšb K jskvix, gv`k e emv, bvix I wkï cvpvi, c Y frvj wgkªy I cwigv c KvimvwR, ˆe `wkk I KóvwR Z A _ we `k _ K Avbv mvi, Zj BZ vw` cöwz ekx ` k cvpvi, wbgœgv bi cy Avg`vbx, ag xqfv e wbwl cvbxq Drcv`b I wecyb, girỳ `vix, PvivPvjvbx, dukvevrx, Kv jvevrvix, gybvdv Lvix Puv`vevRx, ^RbcÖxwZ, RvwjqvZx, UÛvievRx, wmwû K Ui gva g `ªe g~ j i EaŸ MwZ, Gg.Gj.Gg e emvi bv g cözviyv I auvkvevrx, kqvi evrvi K jskvix, A ea wfiavbwc e emv, A ea M vm, cvwb I we`ÿ r ms hvm, webv wu K U ijågy, `jxq Kvi Y ev UvKvi wewbg q A hvm jvk K wb qvm`vb, dvbj AvUwK q Puv`vevRx, c Y vmövdx, e vk gbj, AcniY, Z_ I wgwwqv mš vm, U v I ïé duvwk, UvKvi wewbg q ev `jxq Kvi Y ivq wek wz, wfmvkvw vûvj, cix vq Am`ycvq, wm bgv, wmww, AwWI, wfwwi- Z Ak xjzv- envqvcbv BZ vw` Z h `yb xwz I A bwzkzv Gi wmsnfvmb wkw Z jvk `i ØvivB msnwvz n q Avm Q Avi GmeB n Q Bmjvgx ˆbwZKZv ewnf ~Z wk vi Kvi Y wbi izv hgb g ` I wb `bxq, Zgwb bxwz- ˆbwZKZv I ag nxb wk v e e vi Abyiƒcfv e g ` I wb `bxq KviY Kzwk v wbi izvi gzb g~l Zvi Rb `q djkö wz Z cövq 60% wkw Z jv Ki G ` k DbœwZ-mg w i cwie Z w`b w`b Ae q I AebwZi w` K avwez n Q mvj ch š cici cuvpevi we k i me P q `yb xwzmö `k wnmv e evsjv `k kxl vb `Lj K i Q AwZ m cöwz cùv mzy `yb xwzi Kvi Y wek e vsk I Gkxq Dbœqb e vsk K Z FYPzw³ evwzj K i Q Gm ei GKgvÎ KviY ag xq g~j eva weewr Z ˆbwZKZvnxb wk v e e v cikvjxb Revew`wnZvi fq I Cgvbx PZbvB Kej gvbyl K `yb xwz gy³ ivl Z cv i G cöm ½ Avj vn ZvÔAvjvi evyx, ÔGUv Avgvi wkzve ( ikw ) hv Zvgv `i wei mv w` e mz Zv mnkv i Zvgiv hv Ki Z Zv Avwg wjwce KiZvgÕ (RvwQqv 29) wewfbœ wk v Kwgkb : ^vaxbzvi ci _ K ez gvb ch š ` k mvzwu wk v Kwgkb wk vbxwz cöyqb K i Q wkš Kvb wk vbxwz cy ivcywi ev evwqz nqwb hzuzkz ev evwqz n q Q Zvi AwaKvsk ÎB bwzevpk w`k jv ev evwqz n q Q, Avi BwZevPK w`k jv Ae wéz _ K M Q ^vaxbzvi c i MwVZ wk v Kwgkb mvzwu n Q- 1 W. Kz`iZ-G Lỳ v wk v KwgwU : KvRx Rvdi Avn g` wk v cöyqb KwgwU : W. gwr` Lvb wk vbxwz cöyqb KwgwU : W. gwdr DwÏb wk vbxwz cöyqb KwgwU : W. kvgmyj nk wk vbxwz cöyqb KwgwU : Aa vck gwbi hhvgvb wgtv wk vbxwz cöyqb KwgwU : Aa vck Kexi PŠayix RvZxq wk vbxwz cöyqb KwgwU : 2010 RvZxq wk vbxwz 2010 : evsjv `k ^vaxb niqvi ci 1972 mv j MwVZ n q 1974 mv j wk vbxwz cöyqb K i W. Kz`iZ-G Lỳ v wk v Kwgkb hwu ag xq fveavivi mv _ mvsnwl K niqvi Kvi Y RbMY KZ K cöz vl vz, wak Z I wb `bxq nq 1996 mv j GKyk eqi ci evsjv `k AvIqvgx jxm gzvq G m cybivq wk vbxwz cöyq bi c` c MÖnY K i 1997 mv j wi cvu cö Z nq D³ cöwz e` bi Av jv K wk vbxwz-2000 cöyxz nq wkš gzvi cu cwiez bi cö vc U G wk vbxwzi Av vkuy o wbw ß nq 2008 mv j gnv RvU mikvi gzvq G m RvZxq Aa vck Kexi PŠayix K Pqvig vb I W. KvRx LjxKzRRvgvb Avng` K Kv- Pqvig vb K i 18 m`m wewkó RvZxq wk vbxwz cöyqb KwgwU MVb K i G KwgwU W. Kz`iZ-G Lỳ v I W. kvgmyj nk wk v Kwgk bi Av jv K wk vbxwzi P~ovš Lmov-2009 I qe mvb U cö`vb K i hv Z 29wU Aa vq, 7wU ms hvrbx Ges 2wU mviyx wqj G wk vbxwzi wel q RbM Yi gzvgz PvIqv nq wewfbœ gnj m wel q e vck Av jvpbv-ch v jvpbv, mgv jvpbv K i Zv `i mywpwš Z gzvgz cö`vb K ib wkš RbM Yi mme gzvgz MÖnY ev er bi Kvb msl vwfwëk Z_ ev e vl v bv w` q Gi wkqz kã I Uvg cwiez b K i RvZxq wk vbxwz-2010 P~ovš Kiv nq Ges 3 A ±vei 2010 RvZxq msm ` cvk nq RvZxq wk vbxwz 2010-G gvbbxq cöavbgš x cö`ë cövk- K_b Ges gvbbxq wk vgš x cö`ë gyleü mn G Z gvu 28wU Aa vq Ges 2wU ms hvrbx i q Q A_ vr Lmov wk vbxwz _ K 1wU Aa vq Ges 5wU ms hvrbx I 2wU mviyx ev` `qv n q Q wkš Gi Kvb KviY e vl v Kiv nqwb G Z cözxqgvb nq h, ms hvrbx 2 I 3 ev` `qv n q Q RvwZ K wk vi welqe I aib m ú K m ú~y AÜKv i ivlvi KŠkj wnmv e KviY G `yõwu ms hvrbxi GKwU Z cöv_wgk wk v ii beg _ K Øv`k kªyxi 17

19 cvv welq ZvwjKv I b ^i eèb `Lv bv n qwqj wkš 2010 Gi wk vbxwz Z eyw e wëk Ggb KŠk ji Avkªq bqv n q Q, hv Z cvv µ g Kx Kx welq Av Q Zv Rvbvi Kvb Dcvq _vk Q bv gvbbxq wk vgš x b~i j Bmjvg bvwn` gyle Ü e j Qb, Ôwk vbxwz Kvb AcwieZ bxq welq bq, Gi cwiez b I Dbœq bi c_ me mg q Db y³ _vk e Kvb fyj-î wu n j Zv ms kvab Kiv hv eõ gvbbxq wk v gš xi G Avk vm evyx Z Avk n q wk vbxwz 2010-Gi cövkk_b _ K ïi K i gyleümn KwZcq Aa v qi KwZcq wel qi MVbg~jK mgv jvpbv, ch v jvpbv I cö vebv ck Kivi cöqvm cve BbkvAvj vn hv Z ciezx Z G wk vbxwz Z cö qvrbxq ms kvab, ms hvrb I ms KvP bi gva g GKwU ag xq g~j eva wfwëk weávbm Z AvaywbK hy Mvc hvmx wk vbxwzi gva g RvwZ K mwvk w`k wb ` kbv cö`vb Kiv hvq cövk-k_b gvbbxq cöavbgš x Zuvi cö`ë cövk-k_ bi wøzxq Aby Q ` e j Qb, ÔAvIqvgxjxM AvMvgx cörb K ˆbwZK g~j eva, RvZxq HwZn I gyw³hy i PZbvq DØy K i Ávb I cöhyw³ Z ` gvbe m ú` wn m e M o Zvjvi j GKwU hy Mvc hvmx wk vbxwz cöyq bi cö wz c~ e B MÖnY K iwqjõ Avgiv Rvwb, gvbbxq cöavbgš x GKwU m vš gymwjg cwiev ii mš vb Ges wzwb wb RI avwg K I `~i` wóm úbœ ivrbxwzwe` RvZxq wbe vp bi c~ e Zuvi gv_vq wnrve Ges nv Z Zvmexn G K_viB mv enb K i myzivs RvwZ Avkv K iwqj wzwb Zuvi evyx Z AvMvgx cörb K ag xq g~j ev a D¾xweZ, ˆbwZKZv m úbœ, RvZxq HwZ n DØy K i Ávb I cöhyw³ Z ` gvbe m ú` wnmv e M o Zvjvi Avkvev` e ³ Ki eb KviY ag xq g~j eva e ZxZ ˆbwZK g~j eva Avkv Kiv evzzjzv gvî ZZzj MvQ jvwm q mywgó Av½yi dj cöz vkv hgb A_ nxb I Aev e, Z`ªƒc ag xq g~j eva e ZxZ ˆbwZK g~j eva Avkv KivI Aevš i I Ab_ K Kej Avj vnfxwz, ZvInx`-wimvjv Z wek vm I cikvjxb Revew`wnZvi fqb KvD K ˆbwZK g~j eva m úbœ K i M o Zzj Z cv i gvbbxq cöavbgš x K mvayev` RvbvB GRb h, kl c vivq wzwb e j Qb, ÔGB wk vbxwzi D j L hvm w`k nj GLv b ag, weávb I KvwiMwi wk v K cövavb `qv n q QÕ wkš `ytlrbk nõ ji mz I ev e h, RvZxq wk vbxwzi Aa vq, Aby Q`, cwi Q`, Kg KŠkj, cvv µg, cvv m~pxi Kv_vI Zuvi G g~j evb evyxi cy iv cöwzdjb N Uwb RvZxq wk vbxwz Z k lv³ `yõwu wel q i Z cö`vb Ki ji my KŠk j ag xq wk vi welqwu Gwo q hviqv n q Q ch v jvpbvq `Lv M Q, cövkcöv_wgk i _ K ïi K i m e v P kªyx ch š wk vi Kg KŠk j h_v_ fv e ag wk vi e e v bb gyleü gvbbxq wk vgš x gyle Ü e j Qb, ÔGUv Kvb `jxq wk vbxwz bq, RbMY Z_v RvwZi AvKv v I cöz vkvi cöwzdjb NwU q ˆZix Kiv n q Q RvZxq wk vbxwzõ G wel q gvbbxq gš xi mv _ GKgZ cvly Ki Z cviwq bv e j `ytwlz Kbbv m~²` wó Z ch v jvpbv Ki j `Lv hvq, GUv GKwU `jxq wk vbxwzib cöwz Qwe G wk vbxwz Av `Š RvwZi AvKv v I cöz vkvi cöwzdjb bq kzkiv 90 fvm gymwjg Aaÿ wlz GKwU ^vaxb ` ki h RvZxq wk vbxwz Z wk vi cöwzwu i ag xq wk v Avewk K wnmv e _vk e bv, muv RvwZi Avkv- AvKv vi cöwzdjb nq wkfv e? câg c vivi klvs k wjlv i q Q, ÔmeiKg ˆel g i Aemvb NwU q mk ji Rb wk vi AwaKvi I my hvm wbwðz Kivi j wk vbxwzi gšwjk wfwë wn m e AbymiY Kiv n q QÕ gvbbxq gš x g nv` qi G e³e cöksmvi `vex iv L wkš G e³ e i ev e cöwzdjb KZUzKz Zv we ep welq Avm jb wk G wk vbxwz Z gv`ivmv wk v I mvaviy wk vi gv Si Ges mikvix wk vcöwzôvb I emikvix wk vcöwzôv bi g a we` gvb AvKvk-cvZvj ˆel g i Aemvb NUv bv n q Q ` k mikvix I iwr ªvW cöv_wgk we` vjq Av Q 57,733wU (ez gv b me mikvix) A_P mikvix I iwr ªvW Be Z`vqx gv`ivmv GKwUI bb mikvix gva wgk we` vjq Av Q 14,781wU A_P mikvix `vwlj gv`ivmv GKwUI bb mikvix K jr ev wek we` vjq K jr Av Q 10,916wU A_P mikvix Kvwgj gv`ivmv Av Q gvî 3wU mvaviy cvewjk wek we` vjq Av Q 34wU A_P Bmjvgx wek we` vjq Av Q gvî 1wU ZvI Avevi bvgkviqv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq Kbbv cöwzôvj Mœ cöwzwu Abyl `i cöwzwu MÖ c 200 b ^i Bmjvgx wk v eva Zvg~jK wqj wkš ez gv b Lvj-bj P cv ë Zv wejyß Kiv n q Q GKB ` ki bvmwik niqv m Ë I, GKB ev ci mš vb niqv m Ë I GKRb mvaviy wk v_ x mikvix cöwzôv b jlvcov Kivi my hvm cv Q A_P Ab Rb gv`ivmvq jlvcov Kivi Kvi Y ˆel g i wkkvi n Q cöv_wgk we` vj qi GKRb wk K gvwmk ezb cv Q /- UvKv A_P nv Z Mvbv K qkwu ^Zš Be Z`vqx gv`ivmvi wk K cv Q gvî 500/- ZvI Avevi AwaKvsk ^Zš Be Z`vqx gv`ivmvi wk Kiv mikvix GK UvKvI cvq bv mikvix zj- K j Ri 8g kªyx cvk GKRb PZz_ kªyxi Kg Pvix h ezb- evbvm cv Q mœvzk-mœvz KvËi cvk Kiv GKRb emikvix zj ev `vwlj i Kvb Kvb mnkvix wk K 18

20 m cwigvy ezb- evbvm cv Q bv mvaviy wk vi mœvzk-mœvz KvËi cvk K i we.wm.gm, Gg.wdj, wcgbp.ww Ki Z cvi Q A_P mggvb niqv m Ë I gv`ivmv _ K dvwhj Kvwgj cvk K i we.wm.gm, Gg.wdj, wcgbp.ww BZ vw` Ki Z my hvm cv Q bv Gfv e cöwzwu i i q Q mxgvnxb ˆelg G wk vbxwz Z G ˆelg jv `~ixki Y Kvb cö ve ev w`k wb ` kbv bb ZvnÕ j GUv ˆelg nxb wk vbxwz nõj wkfv e Zv Avgv `i evamg bq gyle Üi 7g c ivq ejv n q Q, Ôgvb m Z wk v wbwðz Kiv Avgv `i Rb GKwU eo P v jä gvbm Z wk v I ` Rbm ú` Movi cöavb kw³ gvbm Z ` wb ew`zcövy wk KÕ gvbm Z ` wb ew`zcövy wk K c Z nõ j Zuv `i ezb-fvzvw`i gvbm Z I hy Mvc hvmx niqv DwPZ bq wk? wk KZvi ckv AvR me P q Ae nwjz GKB wwmöx AR b K i Ab ckvq h ezb-fvzv cviqv hvq, emikvix wk v cöwzôv bi wk KM Yi fv M Zvi A a KI Rv U bv hvi Kvi Y gavexmy wk KZv ckvq Avm Z Pvq bv Avi KwZcq gavex hviv wk KZv ckvq Avm Q Zviv A_ msk Ui Kvi Y K v mi P q evb i cövb fu cov bv I KvwPs-G cvv`vb K ekx cövavb w` Z eva n Q wk K `i Rb m vbrbk b vh ezbfvzvw`i e e v bv K ib BwZg a wk Ki Rb cövb fuwudkwb I KvwPs-G cvv`vb wbwl i h cöávcb Rvwi Kiv n q Q, Zv Z wk KZvi ckv AviI eo P v j Äi gy L co e gyle Üi beg c vivq ejv n q Q, Ô gvuk_v mk ji Rb gvbm Z wk v, AvaywbK I hy Mvc hvmx wk v, Kw úduvi mn AvaywbK cöhyw³ I Z_ cöhyw³wfwëk wk vjvf Ges Zv AvqË I cö qvm Kiv me vwak i Z c~y fvlv, MwYZ, BwZnvm, weávb, Z_ cöhyw³, ckvmz ` Zv AR bi Rb KvwiMwi ckvmz Ávb I wk v Ges ÁvbwfwËK mgvr AMÖvwaKv ii welqõ AevK bv n q cviwq bv GRb h, gvbbxq cöavbgš x Zuvi evyx Z ag, weávb I KvwiMwi wk v K cövavb `Iqvi K_v ej ji AÎ c vivq AMÖvwaKvi cövß wel qi ZvwjKvq ag xq Kvb wel qi bvg D j L bb ZvnÕ j wk a i bqv hvq h, gvbbxq cöavbgš xi K_vi Kvb g~j vqb nq bv? wk vi D Ïk I j RvZxq wk vbxwzi D Ïk m ú K ejv n q Q, Ôwk vbxwzi g~j D Ïk gvbezvi wekvk Ges RbgyLx Dbœqb I cömwz Z bz Z `v bi Dc hvmx gbbkxj, hyw³ev`x, bxwzevb, wb Ri Ges Ab vb a g i cöwz kª vkxj, Kyms vigy³, cigzmwnòy, Amv cö`vwqk, `k cöwgk Ges Kg Kzkj bvmwik M o ZvjvÕ wk vbxwzi g~j D Ï k i Dc iv³ kãgvjv ch v jvpbv Ki j `Lv hvq h, GLv b hz jv kã e eüz n q Q me jv ïay BnKvjxb Kj v Yi Rb wb ew`z GKwU kãi cikvjxb gyw³i D Ïk wb ew`z bq GKwU gymwjg Aaÿ wlz ` ki wk vbxwzi g~j D Ï k i cö_ g BnKvjxb Kj vy I cikvjxb gyw³i j ag xq g~j ev a D¾xweZ n q evk vskuzkz Kvg wqj 4bs c q U ejv n q Q, ÔRvZxq BwZnvm, HwZn I ms wzi aviv wekwkz K i cörb ci úivq mâvj bi e e v KivÕ GLv b RvZxq BwZnvm, HwZn I ms wzi mv _ Bmjv gi BwZnv mi K_vI D j L Kiv DwPZ wqj 14bs c q U ejv n q Q, ÔmKj wk v_ xi g a mg gšwjk wpš v- PZbv M o Zvjv Ges RvwZi Rb mg bvmwik wfwë m wói j me avivq wk vi cöv_wgk we` vj q K qkwu gšwjk wel q GK I Awfbœ wk vµg, cvv m~wp I cvv eb eva Zvg~jKfv e AbymiY GKB D Ï k gva wgk ii GKBfv e K qkwu gšwjk wel q cvv`vbõ mkj wk v_ xi g a mg gšwjk wpš v- PZbv M o Zvjvi bxwz hšw³k I ev evbym bq KviY gvby li wpš v I PZbv Zvi ag xq wek vm, Kg I ms wzi m ½ mswk ó G Î eis wk v_ x `i ^ ^ avivi wk vi HwZn I ˆewkó i v K i gšwjk wel qi mggv bi Ávb AR bi e e v KivB hyw³hy³ cöv_wgk I gva wgk i K qkwu gšwjk wel q GK I Awfbœ wk vµg, cvv m~wp I cvv eb eva Zvg~jKfv e AbymiY Kiv hšw³k I ev em Z bq Kbbv ` ki we` gvb wk vaviv n Q mvaviy wk v, gv`ivmv wk v, KvwiMwi wk v I we kl wk v (Bswjk wgwwqvg Ges KIgx gv`ivmv) Gme wk vi D Ïk, j GK I Awfbœ bq G Z gv`ivmv wk v K mvaviy wk vi mv _ GKxf~Z K i gv`ivmv wk v K wejyß I aÿsm Kivi Ac KŠkj MÖnY Kiv n q Q 23 bs c q U ejv n q Q, Ô ` ki Avw`evmx mn mkj z`ª RvwZmËvi ms wz I fvlvi wekvk NUv bvõ G ` k emevmiz z`ª Mvôx jv mvsweavwbkfv e DcRvwZ wnmv e ^xk Z myzivs Zv `i K Avw`evmx ejv AmvsweavwbK Avi Zviv hw` Avw`evmx nq ZvnÕ j evwk 95% bvmwik wk Awfevmx, cimvqv? cövk-cöv_wgk wk v cövk-cªv_wgk wk vi KŠkj 4-G ejv n q Q, ÔgmwR`, gw `i, MxR v I c v MvWvq ag gš Yvjq KZ K cwipvwjz mkj a g i wkï `i K ag xq Ávb, A i Ávb mn AvaywbK wk v I ˆbwZKZv wk v cö`v bi Kg m~wp cövkcöv_wgk wk vi Ask wn m e MY Kiv n eõ G e e vcbvi gva g g~jz ag wk v K cövwzôvwbkfv e 19

21 gv`ivmv I z j ag bv cwo q ag gš Yvj qi Aax b gmwr`, gw `i, MxR v, c v MvWv cöf wz Dcvmbvj qi gva g ag xq wk vcö`v bi K_v ejv n q Q e Zt Gi gva g ag wk v K wk v cöwzôvb, mgvr, ivóª _ K Avjv`v Kivi KŠkj Aej ^b Kiv n q Q Avgiv g b Kwi cövwzôvwbkfv e ag wk vi e e v Avewk K Kivi cvkvcvwk gmwr`, gw `i, MxR v, c v MvWv cöf wz Dcvmbvj qi gva g AwZwi³ wk v cö`v bi e e v ivlv DwPZ RvZxq wk vbxwz cöyqb KwgwUi m vwbz m`m `i cöwz Avgvi mwebq wrávmv, Avcbv `i mš vb `i K ag xq wk vi Rb gmwr`, gw `i, MxR v ev c v MvWvq cvvv eb wk? cövk-cöv_wgk wk vq cövwzôvwbkfv e ag xq wk vi Kvb e e v bv _vkvq GKRb wkï Z Zxq kªyx Z DVvi c~e ch š wzb eqi wk v cöwzôv b GKev ii Rb I Avj vn, fmevb, Ck i, MW cöf wz kãmy jv ïb Z cv e bv KviY wkï kªyx _ K wøzxq kªyx ch š Kvb cökvi ag xq wk vi e e v G Z ivlv nqwb c vš i G Z ivlv n q Q mnr AvKl Yxq wel qi bv g Qwe, is, Mí I Qovi bv g wkï g b Akªve wg_ v-ev bvqvu Kí-Kvwnbxi Rb w` q Zv `i K iƒck_vi iƒckvi wnmv e M o Zvjvi e e v ivlv n q Q hv jwjzkjvib bvgvš i G ai bi D U ev bvqvu Kí-Kvwnbx wkwl q wkï `i K ag xq g~j eva _ K mwi q ivlvi cvqzviv Kiv n q Q cöv_wgk wk v cöv_wgk wk vi gqv` m ú K ejv n q Q, ÔcÖv_wgK wk vi gqv` cuvp eqi _ K e w K i AvU eqi Z_v Aóg köyx ch š m úªmviy Kiv n eõ wkš G Z wk dvq`v n e m m ú K wkqzb ejv nqwb Ges AcKvwiZv I mgm v m ú K I g b nq Kvb wpš v-fvebv Kiv nqwb cöv_wgk wk v Aóg köyx ch š e w Ki j cöwzwu cöv_wgk we` vj q AwZwi³ AviI wzbwu K i köyxk e w Ki Z n e AwZwi³ wk K I AvmevecÎ cö qvrb n e m AwZwi³ wk K we` gvb wbgœ gva wgk ev gva wgk we` vj q c~ e wb qvmcövß wk K n e, bvwk bzzbfv e wb qvm `qv n e? hw` bzzbfv e wk K wb qvm `qv nq, ZvnÕ j wbgœ gva wgk, gva wgk I `vwlj ii wzb j vwak wk Ki PvKzwii wk Ae v n e? GKB mv _ cökœ _ K hvq, we` gvb wbgœ gva wgk, gva wgk I `vwlj ii 6ô, 7g I 8g köyx wk we` gvb _vk e, bvwk D³ `yb köyx wejyß Kiv n e? Avi hw` wb œ gva wgk, gva wgk I `vwlj i PvKzwiiZ wk K `i cöv_wgk we` vj q vbvš i Kiv nq ZvnÕ j Zviv mikvix wk K bvwk emikvix wk K wnmv e MY n e? (cökvk _v K h, cöv_wgk we` vjq 90 fvmb mikvix (ez gv b kzfvm mikvix) Ab w` K wbgœ gva wgk I gva wgk we` vj qi 87 fvmb emikvix) G ai bi nvhv iv cö kœi Kvb mgvavb bv K ib Af~Zc~e wwwruvj cvwêz hvwni Kiv n q Q RvZxq wk vbxwz Z ez gv b cöv_wgk we` vjq mg~ n wb qvmcövß GmGmwm cvk 60% gwnjv wk K `i (mggvb œvzk cvk cyi l wk K) c wk m e Aóg köyx ch š cvv`vb Kiv? cöv_wgk wk vi KŠkj c e i wøzxq c vivq ejv n q Q, ÔcÖv_wgK wk v cöwzôv bi RvZxqKiY cöwµqv Ae vnz _vk eõ Abyiƒcfv e Be Z`vqx gv`ivmv jv K RvZxqKiY Kiv n e wk bv Ôˆelg nxb wk vbxwzõ `vex`vi RvZxq wk vbxwz Z G m ú K Kvb mȳ úó w`k wb ` kbv bb R b Avgiv nzevk cöv_wgk i ag I ˆbwZK wk v eva Zvg~jK Kivi K_v ejv nõ ji Zv wkfv e ev evqb Kiv n e m m ú K Kg KŠk j wkqzb D j L Kiv nqwb eis cöv_wgk i eva Zvg~jK wnmv e h KqwU welq D j L Kiv n q Q (evsjv, Bs iwr, ˆbwZK wk v, evsjv `k vwwr, MwYZ, mvgvwrk cwi ek, cövk wzk cwi ek cwiwpwz, Z_ cöhyw³ I weávb) Zb a Ôag I ˆbwZK wk võ ej Z Kvb welq K Aš f y³ Kiv nqwb g~jzt GLv b m~² PvZziZvi AvkÖq wb q ag wfwëk ˆbwZK wk vi wel q cönmb Kiv n q Q wewfbœ avivi mgš^q Aby Q `i kl `yõjvb b ejv n q Q, ÔmvaviY, wkûvi Mv U b, Bs iwr gva g I me ai bi gv`ivmvmn mkj cöv_wgk we` vjq K wbqgbxwz g b h_vh_ KZ c i m ½ eva Zvg~jKfv e wbeüb n Z n eõ Avgv `i civgk nõj G ai bi cöwzôv bi ïay wbeübb bq eis mv _ mv _ wbqš YI Ki Z n e KviY wkûvi Mv U b, K v WU gv`ivmv I zj G jv GK ai bi MjvKvUv evwywr K cöwzôv b cwiyz n q Q Giv wkï köyx ZB GKUv Q j g q K ÔgnvcwÊZÕ evwb q djvi ^cœ `Lvq Bs irx, evsjv, Aviexi GK evsv eb wm jevmfy³ K i QvU wkïi gyl w` q wkqz Bs irx, Aviex gyl Kwi q Ges cix vq cövc Zvi P q ekx ekx b ^i w` q evev-gv K ZvK jvwm q `q I Zv `i c KU _ K gv m gv m nvhvi nvhvi UvKv Lwm q bq A_P Hme cöwzôv bi wk K `i hvm Zv wb qb cökœ i q Q mikvix cöv_wgk we` vjq I gv`ivmv wji e _ Zv I AcÖZzjZvi Kvi Y my hvmmüvbx jv Kiv Gfv e me Î wk vevwyr ïi K i Q myzivs Gme cöwzôv bi mikvix wbqš Y Avï cö qvrb [Pj e 20

22 AvaywbK weáv b Bmjv gi f~wgkv BgvgyÏxb web Avãyj evqxi* Bmjvg GKwU c~y v½ Rxeb e e v ev complete code of life. gvbe RvwZi Rb cö qvrb Ggb Kvb welq bb hvi weeiy I myôz mgvavb Bmjv g bb Bmjvg gvbe mgvr K hv w` q Q, Ab Kvb ag Zv w` Z Aa vewa m g nqwb Ávb-weÁv bi DrKl mva bi Bmjv gi Ae`vb Amvgvb Ávb-weÁv bi Øvi D b vp b Bmjvg cöksmbxq f~wgkv cvjb K i Avm Q ejv hvq, AvaywbK weáv bi bervmiy m wó Z Bmjv gi f~wgkv me vwak `o nvhvi eqi c~ e Rv nwjqv Zi cömvp AÜKv i gvbe RvwZ AatcZ bi AZj MnŸ i wbgw¾z _vkv Ae vq wek cöfy gnvb Avj vn AeZxY K ib Bmjv gi cöavb Drm Avj-KziAvb hv K wzwb weávbgq e j NvlYv K ib (Bqvmxb 2) m mgq _ KB Bmjvg weávb m úwk Z wbf yj Z_ cö`vb K i Avm Q ZvB Bmjv gi mv _ weáv bi KvbB we iva bb hw`i KD KD weáv b Bmjv gi Ae`vb K LyeB Lv Uv K i `Lvi Póv K i Qb GUv eo cwizv ci welq Bmjvg m ú K ^ Q aviyv bv _vkvi Kvi YB GgbwU n q Q c w_exi me kªô gvbe gynv v` (Qvt)I weávb M elyvi A bk DcvË i L M Qb hv weávbxiv ^xkvi K i Qb Bmjvg me `v weávb K mvg bi w` K GwM q w` Z P q Q e gvy cöe Ü AvaywbK weáv b Bmjv gi f~wgkv cöm ½ Av jvpbv Dc vc bi cöqvm cve BbkvAvj vn weávb A_ we kl Ávb Avgv `i Pvicv k ` k gvb gvbe, RxeRMZ I wewfbœ e gvby li g b KŠZznj m wó K i Ges Gm ei m wó inm m ú K m š vlrbk mgvavb Luy R wd i GB wekvj wek RMZ Kgb K i Pj Q mb mz D`NvUbB weáv bi D Ïk wkš evwn Kfv e c Âw `ªqjä Ávb KB weávb GKw`b k vkz mz e j hvwni K iwqj Ges ag MÖ š ewy Z Avj vn&i evyx K cöz vl vb K iwqj A_P wesk kzvãx Z G m weáv bi Pig DrK l i hy M weávbx AvjevU AvBb vbb ej jb, Science without religion is lame and religion without science is blind A_ vr ag nxb weávb Lvov Ges weávbnxb ag AÜ 45 weávb I ag ci ú ii cwic~ik GZ`yf qi g a we iva ev msn l i AvksKv _vk Z cv i bv myzivs a g i mv _ weáv bi Kvb we iva bb Avevi GB weáv b gymjgvb `i Ae`vbI Ab ^xkvh hv Agymwjg gbxlxmyi ^xkvi K i Qb hgb Ávb-weÁv bi wewfbœ Î gymjgvb `i Ae`v bi K_v ^xkvi K i mvu b e jb, gvbe mgv Ri cöavb KvR gymjgvbmy mvab K i Qb kªô MwYZ eëv Avey Kvwgj I Beivnxg Be b wmbvb wq jb gymjgvb me kªô f~- Mvjwe` I wek Kvl cö YZv Avj-gvmE`x wq jb gymjgvb me kªô HwZnvwmK AvZ-ZvevixI wq jb gymjgvb 46 Avgiv cök Z mz D`NvU bi gvb m mrvm ` wó w` j `L Z cvb, cöwzwu wel q gymjgvb `i Ae`vb Amvgvb hgb Avgiv `L Z cvb weáv b gymjgvb `i f~wgkvi ey bv w` Z wm q gbxlx ievu weª dv wbwø avq D j L K i Qb, Science is the most momentous contribution of Arab civilization to the modern world. The debt of our science to the Arabs does not consist in starting discoveries or revolutionary theories; Science owes a great deal more to Arab culture it owes its existence. A_ vr AvaywbK weávb ïaygvî PgKcÖ` Avwe vi ev hymvš Kvix ZË K_vi Rb B gymjgvb `i Kv Q FYx bq, AvaywbK weávb Zvi Aw Z i Rb B gymjgvb `i wbku wpifyx ejv evûj, Bmjv gi Avwef ve bv NU j AvaywbK weáv bi Rb nõz bv nõ ji Zv wbwðziƒ c h _ó wejw ^Z nõzõ 47 Abyiƒcfv e wel vz cwêz RInijvj bni I ^xk wz cö`vb K i Qb, Among ancients we do not find the scientific method in Egypt or China or India. We find just a dit of it in old Greece. In Rome again it was absent. But the Arabs had this scientific spirit of inquiry and so they may be considered the fathers of modern science. A_ vr Avgiv wgkixq, Pxbv I fvizxq Avw` mf Zv jv Z weáv bi Aw Z Luy R cvb bv Z e cövpxb MÖxm mf Zvq Gi wkqzuv cögvy g j Avi ivg mf Zvq Zv wqj ixwzgz Abycw Z wkš Avie `i gv S cövyeš, AbymwÜrmy weávb we` gvb wqj myzivs Zv `i K (gymwjg `i K) AvaywbK weáv bi RbK ejv h Z cv i 48 cweî KziAv b wewfbœfv e gvbyl K weáv bi cöwz DrmvwnZ Kiv n q Q Avj vn ZvÔAvjv e jb, Ôb fvgêj I f~gê ji QvU eo AYy-cigvYy Ggb Kvb e bb hvi D j L mȳ úó wkzv e (KziAv b) bbõ (mvev 3) wzwb * AvwLjv, bv Pvj, PuvcvB bevemä 45. weávb PP vq Bmjvgx ` wó KvY, (XvKv : BmjvwgK dvd Êkb evsjv `k, Ryb 2001), c t Aa vck K. Avjx, gymwjg ms wzi BwZnvm, (XvKv: Avjx cvewj KÝ, 1981), c t Robert Briffault, The making of History (London; 1934), P Jawaharlal Nehru, Glimpses of world History (London: 1934), P

23 Ab Î e jb, ÔAvKvkgÊjx I c w_ex Z hv wkqz Av Q Zvi cöwz j KiÕ (BDbym 101) Dc iv³ AvqvZ jv Z weávb wfwëk M elyvi h _ó LvivK i q Q Rvg vb ˆeÁvwbK AvBb vbb KziAv bi Avqv ZiB fve cökvk Ki jb Gfv e, He who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe is as good as dead and his eyes are closed. A_ vr Ô h gvbyl m wó RM Zi Aewjjv ` L we q w Z nq bv, Zvi g b fq-fxwz ilvcvz K i bv, m hb g Zer, ` wókw³ Zvi iwnz n q M QÕ 49 gvby li mvg b Avj vn&i wb`k b mg~ ni D j L K i Avj vn e jb, ÔZv `i Rb Avi GKwU wb`k b ivwî, Avgiv Zv nõ Z w`b K ei K i Avwb, Zr Yvr Zviv AÜKv i G m hvq Ges m~h Zvi wb Ri Ae vb iii ci wbw` ó mg qi Rb P j Q, GUv me kw³gvb me Á Avj vn&ib wb ` k P `ªi Rb Avgiv Zvi gbwhj wbw` ó K i w` q Q, GgbwK Ae k l Zv cybivq LRy ii cyivzb ïkbv kvlvi gz n q hvq m~ h i mva bb h, P `ª K ai Z cv i Ges ivwîii gzv bb h, w`b K AwZµg K i cö Z K wbr wbr K c _ Pj QÕ (Bqvmxb 37-40) Dc iv³ Av jvpbvq mȳ úófv e eûwea wbq gi ` óvš D V G m Q Gme wbqg gnvk~ b m~h, P `ª, b Î mg~ ni Kvh vejx I MwZ em wbqš Y K i _v K Gme R vwz gê ji MVb I k sljv `k b Ki j we q Awff~Z nõ Z nq wek åþv Ê Ggb wkqz bb hviv wek sljfv e Nviv div K i eov Q mewkqzb mygnvb m wókz vi wbq gi AvIZvq cwipvwjz n Q 50 Bmjvg gvbyl K wewfbœfv e weávb M elyvq DrmvwnZ K i Q hvi f~wif~wi cögvy cweî KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Q we` gvb Gme welq M elyv K i gymwjgmy A bk wrwbm Avwe v ii ïf m~pbvi K iwq jb Kvjµ g Zv wfbœ ag vej ^x `i nv Z P j hvq cweî KziAv bi weávb wfwëk Av jvpbv K g b wb q W. gwim eykvbwj e jb, ÔKziAv bi Ggb GKUv e³e I bb, h e³e K AvaywbK ˆeÁvwbK wepv i LÊb Kiv h Z cv iõ 51 cweî KziAv b GKvwaK Avqv Z f~ Mvj M elyvq DØy Kiv n q Q f~ Mvj welqk ZË cöyqb, g~j evb cöeüvejxi mskjb I cövß Z_ vejxi we k l Yi gva g gymjgvbmy f~ Mvj 49. weávb PP vq Bmjvgx ` wó KvY, c t Written by a Board of Researchers, Scientific Indication in the Holy Quran (Dhaka: Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, December 1990), p Wt gwim eykvbwj, iƒcvš i: AvLZvi Dj Avjg, evb ej KviAvb I weávb, (XvKv: Ávb Kvl cökvkbx, 1996), c t 10 kv AZ š DuPzgv bi Ae`vb i L Qb 52 wc. K. wnwæ e jb, gymjgvb `i f~ Mvj M elyvi g~ j cöavb cöiyv wqj cweî n¾ cvjb, gmwr `i wk ejv wba viy Ges Qvjv Zi w`k wby qi cö qvrbxqzv 53 f~ Mvj I R vwzwe ` vqi ú bi gymjgvbiv wel vz wq jb Ljxdv Avj-gvg~b I dv b j c w_exi cwiwa gv cb ZuvivB cö_g c w_ex MvjvKvi Ges w i bq, G Z_ cö`vb K ib wkš Gi K qkkõ ermi c ii BD ivcevmx `i e g~j aviyv wqj h, c w_ex w i I mgzj 54 GKRb gymwjg M elk ZvB Zv Av em RwoZ K É e j Qb, EbmËiRb gymjgvb f~ Mvjwe` wb q c w_exi cö_g gvbwpî wk AuvKv nqwb? hvi bvg `qv n qwqj ÔQ~ivZzj AvihÕ A_ vr c w_exi AvKvi c w_ex Z me cö_g K úvm h š i Avwe vik n Qb Be b Avngv`- m vi eviu bi weei Y úófv e wk Zv jlv bb? 55 `kwgk cö_v, exrmwyz, msl v MYbv c wz cöf wz weáv bi kvlv jvi gymjgvb `i Avwe vi Aa vck Avb ìi g Z, Zviv (gymjgvbmy) cök Zc mgzj Î I MvjvKvi wî KvYwgwZi cöwzôvzv Zv cök Zc MÖxK cwêz `i Rvbv wqj bv wzwb Av iv e jb, AvieMY cvðvz RMZ K msl v MYbv c wz wk v`vb K ib d j Aviex cözxk GLbI c w_exi mkj RvwZ e envi K i 56 ZvivB exrmwyz K c~y v½iƒc `vb K ib GUv Zuv `i GKK MŠiegq KxwZ e j RMZevmx ^xkvi K i wb q Qb exrmwyz Qvov cwimsl vb, AsK, R vwgwz cöf wz dwjz weáv bi Ab vb kvlvi gymjgvb `i Avwe vi ZvivB cö_g BDwK Wi R vwgwz Abyev` K ib Ges wøzxq ch v qi mgxkiy Avwe vi K i wønvz mgxkiy I wøc` Dccv ` i DbœwZ mvab K ib 57 Zuv `i MvwYwZK Avwe vi jv gymwjg bvwek, ewyk, mgỳ ªPvix I ågykvix cwêzmy BD ivc I Ab vb ` k wb q hvb Ges Zuv `ib gva g BD ivcmn c w_exi Ab RvwZ jv G wel q Aa qb ïi K ib 58 gynv v` Beby Rvwei AvjevËvbx ( L t), Aveyj Iqvdv ( L t), wel vz `vk wbk Avj-wK `x (874 L t), Avj-evjvLx (888 L t), Avj-mvivLvgx (888 L t), bvwqi Ïxb Zzmx 52. Wt bvwdm Avngv`, iƒcvš i: gynv v` b~i j Avwgb RvInvi, f~ Mvj weáv b gymjgvb `i Ae`vb, (XvKv: BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb evsjv `k, 2005), c t P.K. Hitti, History of the Arabs, (London, 1970), P mikvi kixdzj Bmjvg, gymwjg úb, (XvKv: BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb evsjv `k, 1987), c t Mvjvg Avng` gvz Rv, ev Rqvß BwZnvm (ea gvb: wek e½xq cökvkb, mßg ms iy, 2002), c t gymwjg ms wzi BwZnvm, c t cöv ³, c t W. gynv v` Avãym mvëvi, Bmjvg I Ávb-weÁvb (XvKvt BmjvwgK wimvp GKv Wgx, 1992), c t 40 22

24 Ges Av iv A bk gymwjg weávbx MwYZkv i wewfbœ kvlv-cökvlvi Dci gšwjk Ae`vb i L M Qb MwYZkv weáv bi g~j wfwë GB weáv bb hlb gymwjg weávbxmy Ae`vb i L c w_exi me kªô Avwe vik I weávbx nõ Z c i Qb ZLb weávb KI mg I Av jvwkz K iwq jb Zv Z Avðh niqvi wkqz bb 59 gynv v` Be b g~mv Avj-LvIqvwiRgx c w_ex Z cö_g exrmwy Zi Rb `vzv m mg q wzwb c w_exi kªôzg MwYZÁ wq jb 60 wpwkrmv weáv bi gymjgvb `i Amvgvb Ae`vb i q Q Avi-ivhx gymwjg we k i kªôzg Ges me Kv ji Ab Zg kªô wpwkrmvwe` wq jb wzwb Zi Y eq m Avj Kgx PP v K ib wkš ciezx Kv j Zvi L vwz hlb cwðg Gwkqvi mkj A ji wkl I ivmx AvKl Y K i ZLb wzwb GKvš fv e wpwkrmvkv AvZ wb qvm K ib Zvi Ávb wqj me e vck Ges ˆeÁvwbK Ae`vb wqj mwe kl D j L hvm wzwb 200wUiI ekx MÖš ipbv K ib, hvi A a K wpwkrmv msµvš 61 gnvbex (Qvt) wpwkrmv weáv b gymwjg RvwZ K DrmvwnZ K i e jb, ÔAvj vn ZvÔAvjv Ggb Kvb ivm `bwb hvi Jla ˆZix K ibwbõ 62 Ab Î wzwb e jb, ÔcÖ Z K iv Mi Rb Jla i q Q myzivs mwvk Jla hlb iv Mi Rb e eüz nq, ZLb Avj vn&i ûkz g ivmx ivmgy³ n q hvqõ 63 wzwb Av iv e jb, ÔR ii DrcwË Rvnvbœv gi Zvc nõ Z myzivs Zvgiv cvwb Øviv Zv VvÊv KiÕ 64 R i cvwb I ei di e envi ez gv b ˆeÁvwbKfv e ^xk Z Ges GwU GKwU mvaviy e e v R i e o M j gv_vq cvwb X j wksev AvBm-e vm jvwm q Zvc wbeviy Kiv GKwU Wv³vix weavb myzivs GK_v gvb ZB n e h, bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi GB evyx AvaywbKKv ji wpwkrmvkv I wewam Z 65 gnvbex (Qvt) Av iv e jb, ÔKvjwRivi g a g Zz Qvov mkj iv Mi cöwz lak wbwnz i q QÕ 66 G KvjwRiv eû iv Mi cöwz ivak wnmv e ez gv b ^xk Z hgb KUz A, im I Dòexh Ges Av `vl, wµwg, Acvb evqyi D`vh Zv, 59. weávb PP vq Bmjvgx ` wó KvY, c t 304; we vwiz weei Yi Rb `Lyb- Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam (London-1967), P Mvjvg Avngv` gvz Rv, P c ivlv BwZnvm (ea gvb: wek e½xq cökvkb, Aóg gy`ªy, 2000), c t b~i j Bmjvg cv Uvqvix, cvðvz mf Zvq Bmjvg (XvKvt BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb evsjv `k, Ryb-2000), c t eylvix, wgkkvz, nv/ gymwjg, wgkkvz, nv/ eylvix, gymwjg, wgkkvz, nv/ AvdjvZzj Kvqmvi Ab~w`Z, evsjv wgkkvz, (XvKvt Gg`vw`qv jvb eªix, Ryb-1995 Bs), c t 8/ eylvix, gymwjg, wgkkvz, nv/4520 D`i ivm, ü` ivm I Ak iv M wnzki 67 Gfv e AvaywbK weáv bi wewfbœ kvlvq Avgiv gymwjg ˆeÁvwbK `i Ae`vb `L Z cvb hgb c w_ex Z cö_g e `yk ˆZix I DbœZ ai bi evi `i e envi gymjgvb `i gva gb nq wmwiqvi gymjgvbmy c w_ex Z me cö_g wpwb ˆZix K ib Ges Aviex ÔmvKviÕ (A_ wpwb) bvg Zuv `ib `qv Zvi _ KB Bs irx ÔmyMviÕ kã D ~Z 68 R ji MfxiZv I mgy `ªi mªvz-gvck h š i Avwe vik Be b Avãyj grx` bvgk gymjgvb 702 Lªxt Zzjv _ K ZzjU KvMR cö_g ˆZix K ib BDmyd Be b Igi Zvi `yõeqi ci evm`v ` KvM Ri KviLvbv ˆZix nq 69 Ljxdv nviƒbyi ikx `i hy M gymwjg weávbxivb me cö_g RjNwo ˆZix K ib 70 cö_g cvwb Rwg q eid ˆZix KivI gymwjg weávbx `i Agi KxwZ BD ivc Zvi A bk ci wb Ri ` k eid cö Z KviLvbv Pvjy K i 71 gymwjg Avg j ú b me ai bi Pvlvev` Kiv nõz fwel Zi Rb ú b me mgqb Lv` msm nxz K i ivlv nõz Gme Lv` msmön Kivi Rb ` ki wewfbœ RvqMvq mikvix Lv` `vg wqj mb Avg j K W vev, mwfj, MÖvbvWv, mviv MvRv, U j Wv cöf wz RvqMvq eo eo `vg ˆZix Kiv nq U j Wv Ges MÖvbvWvi AvenvIqv kl i vi AZ š AbyK j wqj cvnv oi Mv q ˆZix Gme `v gi ( Kvì v ir) kl 50 _ K 70 ermi ch š AweK Z _vkz (hv AvaywbK hy MI cövq Am e) ïk bv djg~j 10 eqi ch š ivlv hz MÖvbvWv AwaKv ii `yõ kv eqi c ii mlvbkvi GK `v gi kl m ú~y AweK Z Ae vq cviqv hvq 72 cövp -cvðv Z i wel vz HwZnvwmKM Yi wjwlz Bmjv gi Ae`vb m ú K Aa qb Ki j Avgiv ^vfvwekfv eb eys Z cvwi h, wek mf Zvi BwZnv m gymjgvb `i `vb Acwimxg HwZnvwmK Mxeb Zuvi 'Decline and fall of Roman Empire' MÖ š e jb, jû bi iv v hlb AÜKv i wbgw¾z _vkz, K W vfvi iv v ZLb Av jvq D vwmz _vkz Wªcvi, MxRv W fb cvu, jbbcyj, mvu b, wnwæ cögyl cvðvz wlªóvb HwZnvwmK wek mf Zvi AMÖMwZ Z gymwjg Ae`v bi K_v AKc U ^xkvi K i Qb 73 G cöm ½ wel vz HwZnvwmK gš e K ib, Aóg kzvãxi ga fvm nõ Z Î qv`k kzvãxi klfvm ch š Aviex 67. kªxb M `ªbv_ mb ß, `ªe Y-wk v (KwjKvZv: b M `ª Uxg wcöw Us 1919 Bs), c t ev Rqvß BwZnvm, c t P c ivlv BwZnvm, c t ev Rqvß BwZnvm, c t P c ivlv BwZnvm, c t gymwjg úb, c t weávb PP vq Bmjvgx ` wó KvY, c t

25 fvlvfvlx jv Kiv mgmö we k i eyw I mf Zvi Av jvkewz Kv wq jb Zuv `i gva g cövpxb weávb Ges `k b cybi ¾xweZ, ms hvwrz I m cömvwiz nq hvi d j cwðg BD iv c i bmuvi D b l m eci nq 74 GKRb M elk nvhvi eqi c~ e i gymwjg ú bi ey bv w` Z wm q e jb, AvUwU eo kni I wzb nvhv ii ekx QvU QvU kni K W vfvi Aax b wqj cöwz ermi ivr ^ cviqv hz AvVv iv KvwU cupvëi j UvKv kn ii cö Z KwU iv vi av i iv Î mikvix evwz R j Zv A_P Gi mvzkõ eqi c ii jû bi ivrc _ Kvb evwzi wpý wqj bv 75 ivrkg Pvix `i cövmv` QvovI mvaviy jvk `ib 1,13,000 cövmv`, 3,800 gmwr`, 900 mœvbvmvi I 4,000 `vkvb wqj AvaywbK Kvb BD ivcxq knii GZ mg kvjx wk-bv Zv m ` ni welq 76 gvuk_v m mgq gymwjg úb mf Zvi Pig wkl i DbœxZ wqj gymwjg RvwZ wk v-w` vqi wcwq q wqj bv gri Av_ vi MÖxb wjbiqvw e jb, Avieevmx `i D Pwk v, mf Zv I gvbwmk DrKl Ges Zv `i D Pwk vi cöyvjx cöewz Z bv nõ j BD ivc A` vwc AÁZvi AÜKv i wbgmœ _vkz we RZvi Dci mø envi I D`viZv Zuviv h cökvi cö`k b K iwq jb Zv cök ZB wpëvkl K 77 hlb BD iv c AÜhy Mi Awfkv c wk v ïay MxR v I g Vi g a mxgve wqj ZLb K W vfv, MÖvbvWv, mwfj, R v jbwmqv, U j Wv, RvwZfv I Avj gwiqvq D j L hvm msl K wek we` vjq I K jr M o D VwQj Gme gymwjg mf Zvi mv enb K i G jv K BD ivc Av gwikvi wek we` vjq jvi Rb `vzv ejv hvq Aek Bs iriv Zv `i jlvq cwi vifv e Zv ^xkvi K i Qb hgb wgt wb Kvjmb e j Qb, gymjgvb `i K W vfv wek we` vjq úb, d«vý, BUvjx GgbwK Rvg vbxi Ávb mvak `i Pz ^ Ki g Zv U b Avb Zv 78 GKgvÎ K W vfv Z webv ez b wk v`v bi Rb z ji msl v wqj 800wU c w_exi cövq me `k _ KB wk v_x iv GLv b G m wfo KiZ RvZkÎ L óvbivi GLvb _ K wk v MÖn Yi my hvm cz wøzxq Ô cvc wmjfvi viõ RvievZ v Gi wk vjvf N UwQj K W vfv wek we` vj q ú bi wek we` vjq jv Z KziAvb I gymwjg AvBb QvovI MÖxK, j vwub, wneª, cök wz weávb, `k b, wpwkrmvkv, R vwzwe ` v, KweZv, wkí, imvqb I m½xz wkí wk v `qv nõz beg kzvãx Z K W vfv wek we` vj q QvÎ- QvÎxi msl v wqj 11 nvhvi 79 m mgq wgk ii myjzvb gv vbwq ii jvb eªix Z Avwk nvhvi, wî cvjxi jvb eªix Z `yb j, ú bi Ljxdv ØZxq nvkv gi jvb eªix Z Qq j I Kvq ivi dv Zwgqv Ljxdv `i jvb eªix Z `k j cȳ K wqj 80 ^vgx we ekvb ` G mz wu ^xkvi K i e jb, gyi bvgk gymjgvb RvwZ úb (Spain) ` k AwZ mymf ivr vcb Ki j, bvbv we` v PP v Ki j BD iv c cö_g BDwbfvwm wu nõj BZvwj, d«vý, mỳ ~i Bsj vû nõ Z we` v wkl Z Gj evwo-ni `vi me bzzb X O eb Z jvmj 81 kªx gvb e `ªbv_ ivq e jb, Leaming form the Muslim Europe became the leader of modern civilization. A_ vr gymwjg wk vi cöfv eb BD ivc AvaywbK mf Zvi bzv nõ Z c i Q 82 Av jvpbvi kl cöv š G m G K_vB ej Z nq h, AvaywbK weáv b gymjgvb `i f~wgkv Acwimxg hvi mz Zv Agymwjg Ávb mvakivi AKc U ^xkvi K i Qb wk v-mf Zv, KziAvb-mybœvn, `k b, wpwkrmv weávb, imvqb, f~ Mvj, R vwzwe ` v, MwYZ cöf wz we` vq wqj gymwjg weávbx `i Aeva wepiy Kvjµ g Bû`x- Lªxóvb `i loh š i wkkv i cwiyz n q gymwjg mf Zvi czb N U mv _ mv _ me wkqzb P j hvq Zv `i wbqš Y wcwq q c o gymwjg RvwZ hv AvRI cy ivcywi KvwU q DV Z cv iwb ZvB e j Zv `i AZxZ Ae`vb K A ^xkvi Kiv hvq bv cöwzwu wrwb mi m~pbvkvixi vb me MÖ GUv wpi mz K_v Bmjvg weáv bi cöwzeük bq, eis Bmjvg weávb K X j mvrv Z Amvgvb f~wgkv cvjb K i Q ZvB Avgiv ej Z cvwi, wek mf Zvq Bmjv gi Ae`vb me vwak G cöm ½ AvaywbK cwêz wgt weªdë-gi gš e ck K i Av jvpbvi kl Ki Z cvwi, Science is the most momentous contribution of Arab civilization to the modern world. ÔAvaywbK we k i Rb weávb nõj Avie mf Zvi me kªô `vbõ 83 wzwb Av iv Rvi w` q e jb, European Science owes its existence to the Arabs. A_ vr ÔBD ivcxq weávb Zvi Aw Z i Rb B Avie `i Z_v gymjgvb `i wbku wpifyxõ History of the Arabs, P gymwjg úb, c t Z `e, c t P c ivlv BwZnvm, c t Z `e, c t gymwjg úb, c t Z `e, c t ev Rqvß BwZnvm, c t P c ivlv BwZnvm, c t weávb PP vq Bmjvgx ` wó KvY, c t Z `e, c t

26 gvbevwakvi I Bmjvg (13Zg wkw ) kvgmzj Avjg* mywbw` ó Awf hvm Qvov KvD K e `x Kiv ev Aš ixy ivlv wbwl : Article-9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. 85 Ô Kvb e w³ K mywbw` ó Awf hvm Qvov e `x, AvUK ev Aš ixy ivlv hv e bvõ (Abyt 9) A_ vr RvwZmsN mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi mb `i 9bs Aby Q ` D j L Kiv n q Q, Kvb e w³ K mywbw` ó Awf hvm Qvov e `x, AvUK ev Aš ixy (Kvivi ) ivlv hv e bv hw` ivlv nq Zv n e gvbevwakvi cwicš x G avivi cö_gvs k `Complain' ev ÔAwf hvmõ kãwui h ms hvrb Kiv n q Q Zv e vl vmv c I mgv jvpbvg~jk KviY D³ aviv ZB D j L Kiv n q Q h, Kvb e w³i wei Kej Awf hvm _vk jb Zv K MÖdZvi, AvUK ev Kvivi ivlv hv e, Ab _v bq myzivs GLv b Awf hvm (Complain) wk Ges Kvb Kvb Awf hv Mi wfwë Z KvD K AvUK Kiv ev AvUKv `k (Detantion) `qv hvq, Zv LwZ q `Lv `ikvi hgb G cöm ½ evsjv `k dšr`vix AvB bi 54 (1) avivq D j L i q Q, Kvb cywjk Awdmvi g vwr ª Ui Av `k A_ev Iqv i U e ZxZ 9 ai Yi e w³ K MÖdZvi Ki Z cv ib Zb a i Z c~y K qkrb nõjcö_gz: Kvb Avgj hvm Aciv ai mv _ RwoZ Kvb e w³, hvi wei hyw³msáz Awf hvm Kiv n q Q A_ev wek vm hvm Lei cviqv M Q A_ev hyw³msmz m `n i q Q wøzxqz: AvBbm½Z ARynvZ e ZxZ hvi wbku Ni fv½vi Kvb miävg i q Q Z ZxqZ: GB Kvh wewa Abymv i A_ev mikv ii Av `k Øviv hv K Acivax e j NvlYv Kiv n q Q PZz_ Z: PvivB e j m `n Kiv h Z cv i Giƒc gvj hvi wbku i q Q Ges h Giƒc gvj m ú K Kvb Aciva K i Q e j hyw³m½z m `n i q Q câgz: cywjk K Zvi Kv R evav `vbkvix e w³ A_ev h e w³ AvBbm½Z ndvrz nõ Z cvwj q Q A_ev cvjv bvi Póv K i Q Ggb e w³ 86 * wk K, Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx, bi`vcvov, ivrkvnx 85. Fifty years of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Dhaka, P MvRx kvgqzi ingvb, dšr`vix AvB bi fvl, Lvk ivr wkzve gnj, XvKv (ms kvwaz bzzb ms iy), c t GQvov dšr`vix Kvh wewai 55, 57 I 151 aviv Abymv i cywjk webv ciiqvbv (Warrent) ev g vwr óªu-gi Av `k Qvov h KvD K MÖdZvi Ki Z cv ib hgb- 151 avivq D j L i q Q, Kvb cywjk Awdmvi hw` Kvb Avgj hvm Aciva msnu bi loh š i K_v Rvb Z cv ib Ges Zuvi wbku hw` cözxqgvb nq h, GB Aciva msnub Ab fv e wbeviy Kiv hv e bv, ZvnÕ j wzwb g vwr óª Ui Av `k I Iqv i U e ZxZ lohš Kvix e w³ K MÖdZvi Ki Z cvi eb 87 Dc iv³ aviv jv co j g b nq h, cywj ki nv Z GB e wuk iwpz dšr`vix weavb wecyj gzv w` q Q ïaygvî m ` ni ekxf~z n q Zviv webv Iqv i U h Kvb e w³ K MÖdZvi Ki Z cv ib GgbwK Awbw` ó Kv ji Rb R j AvUK ivl Z cv ib Bmjv gi Av jv K we k ly : Bmjvg gvbe RvwZi Rb c~y v½ Rxeb weavb GKwU Bmjvgx ivóª cwipvjbvi Î Aciva cöeyzv K cöwzkv ii j kvw g~jk e e v Aek we` gvb hv K evsjvq dšr`vix AvBb, Bs irx Z Criminal law Ges Aviex Z ejv nq ÔK vb~b wrbvcõ Bmjvgx iv óªi kvmbkvh cwipvjbvi Rb wbe vnx, wepvi I cökvmb wefvm AZ š i Z c~y, hv m ú~y c _K I ^vaxbfv e cwipvwjz nq GLv b c cvwzz I Ab vq- AwePv ii hgb Kvb my hvm bb, Zgwb ivóª Rvi K i I A hšw³k wfwëi Ici wbf i K i Kej m `n ekzt KvD K MÖdZvi, e `x ev Aš ixy ivl Z cv i bv KviY KziAv b Av Q fvj K i hvpvb-evqvb bv K i Kej Abygvb ev m ` ni Dci wbf i K i KvD K wkqz ejv ev Kiv hv e bv (ûryivz 49/6) ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) e j Qb, Ô Zvgiv Aek B aviyv _ K eu P _vk Kbbv aviyv me P q eo wg_ v K_vÕ GUv KwVb cv ci KviY Avi wepvi e e vi K_v Zv c ii K_v GLv b mv x Qvov Kvb wepvii bb Kvbiƒc mv x Qvov wepvi Kiv, AvUK ev e `x ivlvi A_ B n Q gvby li Dci hyjyg Kiv, hv Bmjv g m ú~y wbwl GB hyjy gi Kvi Y gvbyl Rvnvbœv g wbw ß nõ Z cv i G m ú K ivm~j (Qvt) e j Qb, ÔcÖ Z K hyjygb wk qvg Zi w` b AÜKv ii KviY n q `uvov eõ 89 A_ vr hw` KD KviI Dci Ab vqfv e Kvb wkqz Pvwc q `q A_ev m hv K iwb Zv K m `v l `vlx mve Kiv nq, ZvnÕ j wk qvg Zi gq`v b D³ e w³ K Reve w` Z n e G m ú K nv`x Q ewy Z n q Q- Zvqxd (ivt) e jb, ÔGK`v Avwg mvdiqvb web Ry `ye Ges Zuvi m½x `i wbku Dcw Z wqjvg ZLb wzwb mv_x `i K Dc `k w`w Q jb mv_xiv Zuv K wr Ám 87. Z `e, c t eylvix nv/6066, 5143, eylvix nv/

27 Ki jb, Avcwb wk ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) _ K wkqz ïb Z c q Qb? DË i Ry `e (ivt) ej jb, Avwg ivm~j (Qvt)- K ej Z ï bwq, h e w³ mybv gi Rb mr KvR K i, Avj vn Zvi D Ïk wk qvg Zi w`b cökvk K i w` eb h gvbyl K wec ` dj e, wk qvg Zi w`b Avj vni Zv K wec ` wb c Ki ebõ.. 90 Bmjvg wepvi-avpv ii e vcv i Kvhx ev wepvik K mva gz b vqwepvi Kivi wb ` k w` q Q hgb- D mvjvgv (ivt) e jb, ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) e j Qb, ÔAvwg Zv GKRb gvbyl Zvgiv wewfbœ gvgjv- gvkïgv wb q Avgvi wbk U Avm Avi m ez Zvgv `i KD KD `jxjcögvy Dc vc b A b i P q evk&cuz myzivs Avwg hv ïwb m gvzv ek wepvi-dvqqvjv Kwi Kv RB Avwg h e w³i wepvi K i Zvi fvb qi nk Ab fvb K cö`vb Kwi, m hb Zv MÖnY bv K i Kbbv Avwg Zv K KejgvÎ GK UzKiv AwMœ cö`vb KwiÕ 91 GKB mv _ Kv iv wei wg_ v Awf hvm KivI AZ š Mwn Z I aÿsmvz K KvR hgb- Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nõ Z ewy Z wzwb e jb, bex Kixg (Qvt) e j Qb, Ô Zvgiv mvzwu aÿsmkvix welq _ K eu P _vk QvnvexMY wr Ám Ki jb, m jv wk n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! wzwb ej jb, (1) Avj vn&i mv _ KvD K kixk Kiv (2) hv`y (3) h_v_ KviY Qvov KvD K nz v Kiv, hv Avj vn nvivg K i Qb (4) m~` LvIqv (5) BqvZx gi m ú` f Y Kiv (6) wrnv `i gq`vb _ K cjvqb Kiv Ges (7) mzxmvaÿx Cgvb`vi bvixi cöwz wg_ v Acev` `IqvÕ 92 AÎ nv`x Q K qkwu wbwl w`k dz U D V Q hvi g a Ab Zg wzki ev aÿsmvz K KvR nõj gvbyl K Ab vqfv e nz v Kiv Ges mzx-mvaÿx Cgvb`vi bvix `i Dci wg_ v Acev` Av ivc Kiv GLv b ïay bvix Kb, fvj cyi li wei I ev R Acev` bv `qvi i Z dz U D V Q Aci nv`x Q ewy Z Av Q h, gvôwkj Be b Bqvmvi (ivt) nõ Z ewy Z, wzwb e jb, Avwg bex Kixg (Qvt)- K ej Z ï bwq, hw` Kvb e w³ K Avj vn cörv cvj bi `vwqz Ac Y K ib, wkš m Zv `i Kj vyki wbivcëv weavb bv K i, Rvbœv Z cö ek Zv `~ ii K_v m Rvbœv Zi mymwüi cv e bvõ 93 ZvnÕ j `Lv hvq ïay Avgv `i ` k bq, we k i cövq mkj ` k AvR ivóªxq cökvmb w` q `y ói `g bi bv g wkó `i K AvUK K i R j XywK q Zv `i Dci me vz K Ab vq-hjyg Pvjv bv n Q, hv gvbevwakvi cwicš x gvôwkj Be b Bqvmvi (ivt) KZ K ewy Z, wzwb e jb, Avwg bex Kixg (Qvt)- K ej Z ï bwq, wzwb e jb, Ôhw` Kvb e w³ gymwjg RbM Yi kvmk wbhy³ nq, AZtci LqvbZKvix wnmv e g Zz eiy K i, Avj vn Zvi Rb RvbœvZ nvivg K i w` ebõ 94 Ab nv`x Q ewy Z, ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) e jb, ÔAvgvi m y L Rvnvbœvg ck Kiv n qwqj mlv b ebx BmivC ji GK gwnjv K `L Z cjvg Zv K GKwU weov ji Kvi Y kvw `qv n Q m weovjwu eu a i LwQj, Zv K Lv` `qwb Ges Q oi `qwb, hv Z m hgx bi cvkv-gvko L Z cv iõ 95 GLv b `Lv hv Q, GKwU weov ji gz Rš K AvUwK q gvivi Kvi Y wk cwiywz nõ Z cv i? Gfv e Avgv `i GB mgv R nvhvi nvhvi fvj, Ávbx, Yxm vbx I mvaviy wb ` vl gvbyl K Kej m ` ni Kvi Y Ab vqfv e MÖdZvi K i eq ii ci eqi KvivMv i AvU K i L wbh vzb Kiv n Q Ges eû jvk gvivi hv Q ZvnÕ j eysv hvq, gvbe iwpz GB AvB bi Kvb g~j Av Q wk? gvby li Dci Ab vqfv e AZ vpvi-wbh vzb Kiv I Acev` `qv KZUv gvivz K Zv wbgœewy Z nv`xq _ K Aby gq cöl vz Qvnvex Avey ûivqiv (ivt) ey bv K ib, GK`v ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) wr Ám Ki jb, Ô Zvgiv wk Rvb Kvb e w³ wbt ^? QvnvexMY ej jb, Avgv `i g a mb e w³ wbt ^ ev `wi`ª, hvi Kvb ab-m ú` bb wzwb ej jb, Avgvi D Zi g a cök Z wbt ^ H e w³, h wk qvg Zi w`b A bk QvjvZ, wqqvg, hvkvz ( bkx) mn Dcw Z n e (wkš Zvi mv _ mv _ H mg jv KivI Dcw Z n e) hv `i KvD K m Mvwj w` q Q, KviI cöwz wg_ v Acev` Av ivc K i Q, KviI gvj (A eafv e) f Y K i Q, KviI i³cvz K i Q Ges KvD K g i Q AZtci G (AZ vpvwiz) e w³ `i K Zvi bkx _ K `qv n e AZtci mk ji `vex c~iy Kivi c~ e B hw` Zvi bkx kl n q hvq, ZvnÕ j Zv `i cvcivwk wb q AZ vpvix e w³i Avgjbvgvq hvm K i `qv n e AZtci Zv K Rvnvbœv g wb c Kiv n eõ 96 AZGe mswk wó mk j mveavb! G cöm ½ Ab GK nv`x Q ewy Z Av Q, wnkvg web nvkxg web wrnvm (ivt) ey bv K ib, ÔGK`v wzwb wmwiqv AÂj AwZµgKv j KwZcq AvRgx K lk m cö`v qi wkqz jv Ki Kv Q wd i hvw Q jb H jvk `i iv `i g a `uvo Kwi q ivlv n qwqj Zv `i gv_vq hqzz bi Zj Xvjv n qwqj wzwb wr Ám Ki jb e vcviwu wk? Zuv K ejv nõj, f~wg ivr ^ Av`v qi Rb G `i K kvw `qv n Q Ab GK iiqvqv Z ejv n q Q, wrwrqv Av`v qi Kvi Y G `i K AvU K ivlv n q Q wnkvg e jb, Avwg kc_ K i ejwq, Avwg ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)- K ej Z ï bwq, 90. eylvix nv/ eylvix nv/2458, eylvix nv/ eylvix, nv/ eylvix nv/ gymwjg nv/ gymwjg nv/2581; ÔwZiwghx nv/2418; Avngv` nv/7969; wiqvhyq Qv jnxb nv/223 26

28 wbtm ` n Avj vn mb jvk `i kvw w` eb, hviv `ywbqvq jvk `i kvw `q Gici wzwb mlvbkvi kvm Ki Kv Q M jb Ges nv`xqwu ïbv jb ZLb wzwb Av jvp wel q wb ` k w` jb Ges m Abymv i AvUK e w³ `i K gyw³ `qv nõjõ 97 Bmjvg Ab vqfv e Zv `~ ii K_v, b vqm½z kvw i ÎI Acivaxi mv _ AgvbweK, wbôzi I Am`vPiY K mg_ b K i bv Ges Acivax K gvb ezi Ae vq d j `q bv eis m`v me `v DËg e env ii wb ` k cö`vb K i G m ú K gnvb Avj vn e jb, Ô Zvgiv Avj vn&i Bev`Z Ki e I Kvb wkqz K Zuvi mv _ kixk Ki e bv Ges wczv-gvzv, AvZ xq- ^Rb, BqvZxg, AfveMÖ, wbku cöwz ekx, `~i cöwz ekx, m½xmv_x, c_pvix Ges Zvgv `i AwaKvify³ `vm-`vmx `i cöwz mø envi Ki e Avj vn cm ` K ib bv `vw K, AvZ vwfgvbx KÕ (wbmv 36) Avj vn cvk Ab Î e jb, Ô Zvgiv wb R `i g a G K A b i A_ -m ú` Ab vqfv e MÖvm Ki bv Ges gvby li abm úwëi wkq`vsk R bï b Ab vqfv e MÖvm Kivi D Ï k Zv wepvikm Yi wbku ck Ki bvõ (evk vivn 188) AÎ AvqvZØq _ K eysv Mj, `ywbqvi mkj ii gvbylmn c_pvix `i mv _I DËg e env ii wb ` k `qv n q Q Ges KviI ab-m úwë Ab vqfv e MÖvm Kivi D Ï k wepvikm Yi wbku ck Ki ZI wb la Kiv n q Q hw`i Avgv `i ^vaxb evsjv ` k G ai Yi NUbv ninv gkv NU Q Avi ` ki cökvmbmn AvBb-k sljv evwnbx hb G Kv R mn hvwmzvi Rb mikvwi mvwu wd KU wb q gv Vgq`v b mwµq f~wgkv cvjb K i P j Q G K_v mz h, Bmjvgx iv óª cök Z Acivax K wpwýz Ki Z nõ j KLbI KLbI fyj K i wb ` vl jvk KI AvUK Kiv nõ Z cv i Z e m Î Zvr wyk hvpvbevqvb KiZt wb ` vl gvby li wbku fyj ^xkvi I gv P q `ª Z Q o w` Z n e w` bi ci w`b gv mi ci gvm A_ev eq ii ci eqi AvU K ivlvi cökœb I V bv cywjk (Police) I wigvê (Remand) : RvwZmsN mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi mb `i GB avivi mv _ we k i cywj ki f~wgkv I wigv Êi m ½ i q Q hgb m úk, Zgwb G `yõ Î i q Q 97. gymwjg nv/2613; Avey`vE` nv/3045, wihvhyq Qv jnxb nv/1614 bvbv wezk, Av jvpbv I mgv jvpbv msw ßfv e welq jv Zz j aiv nõj cywjk (Police) kãwu czz MxR kã _ K G m Q e wuk Jcwb ewkkmy fvizxq Dcgnv `k K kvm bi nvwzqvi wnmv e RbM Yi eüz (!) n q KvR Ki e e j GB evwnbx MVb K i 1857 mv ji wmcvnx wec ei ci Zviv Dcjwä K i GiKg wkqz GKUv Kiv `ikvi Gici 1860 mv ji AvM ó MVb Kiv nq GKwU Kwgkb 1861 mv j cywjk G v± cvk Kiv nq cö_ g Zv `i j - D Ïk wkqz mdj nõ ji Zv `i wpš v wqj wfbœ Av wik A _ Police kãwu we k ly Ki j `uvovq GiKg P=Polite (bgª, f`ª), O=Obedient (KZ e civqy), L=Loyel (wek ), I=Intelligent (eyw gvb) C=Courageous (mvnmx), E=Efficient (` ) 98 Gme kã-we k ly Ki j g b nq cywjk KLbI gvby li kî nõ Z cv i bv Z e Avgv `i ` ki cywj ki h envj `kv, m ezt Zv Ab Kvb ` k bb hgb- Bsj v ÛB G `i K RbM Yi eüy fvev nq Avgv `i ` ki wkqz cywjk fvj Av Q wkš Zv `i Luy R cviqv `y i Z e me wg j ez gv b evsjv ` ki cywjkx f~wgkvi Ae v h G Kev i wbgœ i wm q cuš Q Q Zv GLb Avi Mvcb bb e wuk Avgj _ K G ch š cövq `o WR bi AwaK ms vi KwgwU MVb I ms v ii cö ve n q Q wkš cywj ki f~wgkvi cwiez b nqwb me kl 2004 mv j kz e l i e wuk cvlv Ki is e`j nõ ji e`j nqwb cywj ki gbgvbwmkzvi hw`i Gi Rb `vqx ivr bwzk `j I `jxq mikvi e e v Z e cökœ n Qcywjk e e vi G Ki Y `kvi Rb cök Z A _ Mj`Uv Kv_vq? Avm jb cywjk `vqx, bv cywjkx AvBb e e v `vqx? G Î Bmjvgx cywjk e e v wk e j? Bmjvgx iv óª cywjkx e e v _vkvuv ^vfvwek Z e gvbe iwpz e wuk AvB bi mv _ Bmjvgx iv óªi cywj ki f~wgkv m ú~y wfbœ BmjvwgK weav b Acivax h nšk bv Kb hvpvb-evqvb bv K i Ges mywbw` ó Awf hvm bv c j Zv K AvUK Kiv nq bv hw` G ikg AvKw K `yõgkwu NUbv N UB hvq, Z e Zvi AvZ c mg_ b Ges Avj vn&i bv g kc _i gva g Zv K gyw³ `qv nq GLv b Kvbiƒc hyjyg-az vpv ii my hvm bb Avgi Beby kvôav qe (ivt) Zuvi wczvi gva g Zuvi `v`v nõ Z ey bv K ib, ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) e j Qb, ÔcÖgvY ev`x KB ck Ki Z n e Ges weev`xi Ici ez v e KmgÕ 99 A_ vr cywjk cökvm bi DwPZ KD KLbI ivóªxq I mvgvwrk Kj v Yi Î Acivax wnmv e a Z nõ j Ges Zvi c mv x cögvy Dc vcb Ki Z bv cvi j m ½ 98. AvBb (gvbevwakvi welqk cvw K cwîkv), 20Zg el, 11 I 12Zg hym msl v, 1-16 ww m ^i 2010, c t wziwghx nv/1341,

29 m ½ a Z e w³ K Avj vn&i bv g kc_ Kiv e h, m GB Aciv ai mv _ RwoZ bq Gic i Zv K Q o w` e wigvê (Remand) : hlb Kvb gvgjvi Awfhy³ e w³ K MÖdZvi Kivi ci Z`š Kvix Kg KZ vi Giƒc cöz q R b h 24 NÈvi g a (61 aviv Abyhvqx) Z`š Kvh m úbœ Kiv hv e bv, ZLb Awfhy³ e w³i wei cviqv Z_ vw`mn KBm WvBix m gz Awfhy³ K mswk ó Av`vj Z mvc` c~e K wigv Ê bqvi Av e`b ck Ki Z cv i Dchy³ KviY _vk j mswk ó Av`vj Zi wepvik AwaKZi Z` š i ^v _ wigvê gäyi Ki Z cv ib Z e GKB gvgjvq me gvu 15 w` bi ekx wigvê gäyi Ki eb bv Avgv `i ` k cywjkx wigvê A_ GK fqski Kvwnbx a Z Avmvgxi KvQ _ K hlb cywjk ^xkv ivw³ Av`vq Ki Z cv i bv, ZLb cökvm bi wb ` k cywjk Kv U i Kv Q wigv Êi Av e`b K ib KvU B QvgZ wigv Êi Av e`b gäyi K ib ïi nq Avmvgx `i Dci bvbviƒc wbh vzb kvixwik wbh vz b c½yz eiy K i A b K KDev gviv hvq gvbwmk wbh vzb I Agh v`vki AvPiY Zv i q QB GK wi cv U ` L hvq, ` ki Rj Kv ww Z Kviv`ÊcÖvß 30 Rb, AvUKv `k cövß 87 Rb Ges cywjk Kv ww Z 9 Rb gviv hvq 100 ZvB wigvê wb q Pj Q bvbv wezk I mgv jvpbv m PZb bvmwik I gvbevwakvi Kgx `i g Z, wigvê ev cywjk ndvh Z wrávmvev `i bv g G wbh vzb ïay gvbevwakvi jsnbb bq; GwU GKwU eavbbx Kg KvÊI e U wigv Ê wb q wbh vzb K i Avmvgxi KvQ _ K Z_ ei Kivi Kvb AvBbMZ wfwë bb A_P wigv Ê wb q Avmvgx `i ^xkv ivw³i Rb B jw±ªk kk&, B jw±ªk Pqv i emv bv, b L muyp XyKv bv, bv K Mig cvwb `qv I gwip `qv, PvL eu a ivlv, L Z bv `qv, Nygv Z bv `qv, kvixwik I gvbwmkmn bvbv ikg AK_ wbh vzb Pvjv bv nq hvi weeiy kªe Y Mv wkd i D V evsjv ` k eû Av jg- Ijvgv, wk K, mvsevw`k, eyw Rxwe, ivr bwzk I mvaviy gvbyl K GB wbh vz bi wkkvi nõ Z n Q cöwzwbqz we k i Ab vb ` ki we kl K i Bmjvgcš x `i Dc i Pj Q Gme wbh vzb KvivMv i Awbqg I e `x wbh vzb : 1772 mv j e wuk Mfb i Iqv i U nw Usm `Iqvbx I dšr`vix Av`vjZ m wói gva g cöpwjz KvivMv ii cöez b K ib 1864 mv j e½j Rj KvW cöyqb Kiv nq GLbI evsjv ` k mb e wuk Avg j cöyxz KvW AbymiY K ib Pj Q Kviv e e vcbv ivóª KZ K a Z mkj Acivaxi Mš e j nõj KvivMvi D j L, KvivMvi jv cöwzôv Kiv n qwqj Acivax `i wepvikvjxb KvU nvwriv, Acivax hv Z GKB Aciva evievi Ki Z bv cv i I wepvi Kv Ri myweavi Rb wkš e wuk Jcwb ewkk Avg j Avgv `i ` ki Av jg-ijvgv, mvaviy gvbyl, ivr bwzk e w³, wec ex `i a i wepv ii bv g hfv e wbh vzb KiZ, ez gv b wvk GKB Kvq`vq eis c~ e i P qi G wbh vzb gvîv Qvwo q M Q ^vaxbzvi 42 eqi ci nõ ji e½j Rj KvW, wcörb A vku mn AvBb jvi h ms kvab cö qvrb wqj Zv Kiv nqwb Ges KvivMvi e e vcbvi h Avg~j cwiez b Avbv cö qvrb wqj ZvI nqwb d j KvivMvi n q D V Q Aciv ai AfqviY hlv b av c av c Avmvgxi cö ek _ K ïi K i Rvwgb ch š P j UvKvi Ljv, bb j auy K auy K gi Z nq e `x K GLv b hme v b nvrzx ev K qw` e `x K Nyl w` Z nq- m jv Avg`vwb, KBm Uwej, eªwksavc, Kviv PŠKx, Rj MU, mybcvi `dv, we kl `dv, gww Kj, WvÊv ewo, Pvjvb, eîvnvz, e `x `i `Lv, gv`k ivlv, gv`k`ªe I mvwe K µq, wpë we bv`b, bvwcz `dv, wcörbvm K vw Ub, gwnjv IqvW, AvBbMZ mgm v, K qw` kvlv, Rvwgb kvlv, KvU kvlv, KvRcvk, ewnm gb BZ vw` 101 Gme av c ew ` `i AZ wak `ybx wzi gy LvgywL nõ Z nq GQvov Zviv Kviv cökvmb, Kvivi x, Rjvi, mve Rjvi, my e`vi, Rgv`vi, wmwbqi mycvi I mycv iii `ybx wzi wkkv i cwzz nq GB `ybx wzi gvîv mvaviy `ybx wzi P q eû Y ekx GLv b hb ^vaxbzvi Qvqv GLbI jv Mwb GKRb e `x nvrzx Kvb wel q myweav cv e wk cv e bv Zv wbf i K i Zvi UvKvi cwigv Yi Dci hgb- iv Zi k l e `x `i WvKv nq `yõwzbkõ e `xi Rb `yõgkwu Uq ju UvKv bv w` j `ym Ühy³ Uq j Ui mvg b Nygv Z `qv nq mkv j bv vi Rb i wu Av m Pvgovi P q k³, `ym Ügq I Kvj P, hv LvIqvi Abyc hvmx m ½ h o `qv nq, KZw` bi h evmx Zv eysv gykwkj g b nq d j `qv o, Kzwo q G b L Z w` q Q Gme ` L g b nq, c U hv Av Q Zv ewg n q GLwb ei n q hv e KBm Uwe j ew ` `i jvwv cuv, Po-_vào gviv, RyZv cuv _ K ïi K i me ai bi wbh vzb Kiv nq Gfv e e `xi wbh vz bi jvgnl K jv Lv wpî I Kvwnbx P j Avm Q AvengvbKvj _ K Rj nvmcvzvj nõj `ybx wzi Avi GK vb GLv b _v K ekxi fvmb mȳ e `x Av qkx Rxeb-hvc bi Rb g j K 6 _ K 8 nvhvi UvKv w` Z nq gww K j me P q eo `ybx wz nõj Wv³vi `i ivmx bv `Lvi gvbwmkzv evb ii gww K j bqvi Rb I GKRb e `x K gvuv As Ki UvKv Nyl w` Z nq A_P cök Z Amȳ ivmx evb ii gww K j Zv `~ ii K_v KvivMv ii 100. Human Rights in Bangladesh, (Dhaka, 2002), P AvBb, 20 el 11-12Zg hym msl v, 1 I 16 ww m ^i 2010, c t 13 28

30 gww K ji mxu cvq bv! 102 lvj KvwU eby Av` gi GB evsjv ` k gvu 11wU K `ªxq KvivMvi mn gvu 66wU Rjv KvivMvi i q Q 2002 mv ji GK wi cv U `Lv hvq, ` ki 66wU KvivMv i (Dc hjv ch v q 16wU KvivMv i 480 Rb mn) aviy gzv gvu 25,018 Rb A_P G Z e `xi msl v nõj 75,135 Rb Gi g a `ÊcÖvß 19,916 Rb, wepvivaxb 49,270 Rb, AvUKv `k cövß 5,236 Rb, A ea we `kx bvmwik 713 Rb Zv `i g a 72,991 Rb cyi l Ges 2,144 Rb gwnjv 103 ez gv b KvivMvi jv Z nvrwz/k qw`i msl v aviy gzvi cövq 8 Y Qvwo q M Q KviY 2013 mv j Kej ivr bwzk Kvi YB j vwak gvbyl K MÖdZvi Kiv n q Q 104 Gi g a ` ki Av jg-ijvgv, eo eo ivrbxwzwe`, D Pwkw Z I mvaviy kªyx, Acivax I wbivciva mkj K AZ š mskxy cö Kv ô Ae vb Ki Z n Q GB nõj GKwU ^vaxb MYZvwš K (?) ` ki RjLvbvi gvbevwakvi cwiw wz! c vš i Bmjvgx iv óªi RjLvbvq Giƒc `ye e v I Awbqg-`ybx wzi my hvm bb mlv b GKRb Avmvgx ev K q`xi Rxeb hvcb A bk DbœZ Zv `i Lv`, e, wk v, wpwkrmv I _vkvi e e v A bk DbœZ, hv Avgv `i GB Kvive e vi mv _ Zzjbxq bq mlv b Acivax `i ms kva bi Rb i q Q eû my hvmmyweav I ^vfvwek Rxeb-hvc bi wbðqzv Avi mb j -D Ïk K mvg b i LB cök Z Acivax `i KvivMv i ivlv nq Avi Zviv wepv ii ivq `ª Z c q hvq d j KvivMv iii Zgb GKUv cö qvrb c o bv ch v jvpbv : RvwZmsN mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi mb `i 9bs Aby Q ` ejv n q Q, Kvb e w³ K mywbw` ó Awf hvm Qvov e `x, AvUK ev Aš ixy ( R j) ivlv hv e bv K_v jv fvj g b nõ ji cök Z A _ RvwZms Ni GB mb `i mv _ we k i dšr`vix (cöv qvwmk) AvB bi KZUzKz wgj i q Q? GB aviv Z D j L Kiv n q Q, mywbw` ó Awf hvm Qvov KvD K AvUK ev MÖdZvi Kiv hv e bv A_P ev e mkj Î G AvB bi AccÖ qvm n Q hgb- e wuk Avg j cöyxz evsjv ` ki dšr`vix Kvh wewai 54(1) aviv Abymv i- h mkj e w³ K MÖdZvi K i Aš ixy Ki Z cvi e, Zvi mkj Î mywbw` ó Awf hv Mi cö qvrb c o bv Kvbiƒc m `n nõ jb h Kvb gvbyl K MÖdZvi Ki Z cvi e mvaviy gvbyl _ K ïi K i hw` wzwb wek we` vj qi GKRb m vwbz cö dmii nb ïay ZvB bq, `jxq mikv ii wb ` k cywjk cökvmb GB 54 aviv I Ab vb 102. Hameeda Hossain, Human Rights in Bangladesh (Dhaka : Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK), First published 2003), P Op.cit, P XvKv wbdr, 1jv Rvbyqvix 2014 gvbevwakvi ms v ÔAvBb I mvwjk K `ªÕ KZ K cökvwkz wi cvu avivi Ace envi K i ARmª wbixn gvbyl K MÖdZvi K i R j XyKv Q gv mi ci gvm, eqi ci eqi G mkj nzfvmv eby Av`g K Kviv cö Kv ô wb`vi Y K ó w`b KvU Z nq mlv b cök Z Acivaxiv hgb kvw cv Q, Zgwb wbiciva e w³i kvw cv Q Kb Zv n e? 54(1) avivi Z Zxq i ejv n q Q, GB Kvh wewa Abymv i A_ev mikv ii Av `k Øviv hv K Acivax e j NvlYv Kiv n q Q g vwr óª Ui Av `k Qvov webv Iqv i U cywjk Zv K MÖdZvi Ki Z cvi e GKBfv e 55, 57 I 151 avivq cywjk h KvD K MÖdZvi K i R j w` Z cv i G jv m `nrbk Acivax wnmv e Pvwj q `qv nq KLbI KLbI k vb A v i `wl q 10/15wU ev Î we k l AviI AwaK gvgjv `qv nq GKB Kvq`vq Z_vKw_Z MYZvwš K `jxq mikvi KZ K we ivax g Zi e w³ `i KI GB AvB bi AvIZvq MÖdZvi `wl q bvbv cökvi hyjyg-wbh vzb I g-nz v Kiv n Q D j L, Gme hyjyg-wbh vzb P j gzvi cvjve` j me mikv ii Avg j G jv Zv `i Kv Q gvbevwakvi cwicš x bq cvðv Z i ` k jv ZI GKBfv e mvaviy I wbixn gvby li Dci cywjkx wbh vzb Pj Q mlv b m ` ni ekezx n q A_ev D Ïk cö Yvw`Z n q RvwZmsN gvbevwakvi mb `i GB aviv jsnb Kiv n Q hy³iv óªi jm G v Äj mi Km Wjv bv iwróªvi bvgk GK e w³ wg_ v Awf hv Mi wfwë Z Ly bi gvgjvq 34 eqi Kviv fv Mi ci wb ` vl cögvwyz n q gyw³ c q Qb h hy³ivóª wbr ` ki P q we k i Ab vb ` k we kl K i gymwjg `k jvi Ici wg_ v I m `ng~jk Mv q `v Z _ i wfwë Z MvUv `k K aÿsm Ki Z Kmyi K i bv m hy³iv óªi wepvi wefv Mi GB n Q wb i Y ` k BivK, AvdMvwb vb cöf wz `k Zvi cögvy hvi RvR j cögvy BivK hy i cövq 10 eqi c i 2013 mv j evm`v ` wbhy³ RvwZms Ni A cwi`k b ms vi cöavb n vý we ^xkvi K i Qb h, Biv K hy wqj BwZnv mi GK fqski fyj GKBfv e ^xkvi K i Qb AviI A b K A_P GB fy j cövy wm q Q 10 j vwak gvby li mlv b GLbI cöwzgv m M o wbnz n Q 3 kzvwak eby Av`g 35 jvl BivKx nzvnz n q Q, 14 jvl bvix n q Qb weaev, BqvZxg n q Q 60 jvl wkï 2008 mvj ch š wb LuvR n q Q 12 jvl BivKx Ab w` K hy³iv óªi mv o 4 nvhvi ˆmb wbnz n q Q G hy hy³iv óªi e q n q Q 845 wewjqb gvwk b Wjvi I hy³iv R i 4.5 wewjqb BD iv gvwk b nvgjvq aÿsm n q Q nvhvi eq ii gymwjg HwZn mlv b GLbI Zv `i 50 nvhvi ˆmb gvzv qb Av Q GmeB msnwuz n q Q Zj m ú` K Kzw MZ I ga cöv P AvwacZ we v ii Rb Avi 29

31 Gme m e n Q Z_vKw_Z ivmvqwbk A i gry `i wg_ v I m ` ni e k 105 mlv b GLbI cöwzwbqz i ³i kªvz e qb P j Q A_P mv ek gvwk b cöwm W U RR eyk, Kwjb cvi qj, ivgm dì, hy³iv R i mv ek cöavb gš x Uwb e qviiv hy vcivax bb (?) wk PgrKvi b vq wepvi, wk PgrKvi MYZš! wk PgrKvi RvwZmsN mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi ms v! AvdMvwb vb K aÿsm Kiv I G GjvKvq AvwacZ we vi Kivi Rb eû c~e _ K Bû`x mn Av gwikv cö Póv Pvwj q AvmwQj Kw_Z Dmvgv web jv ` bi wg_ v Mí- Kvwnbx Avwe v i Zviv gv V gq`v b bv g 2001 mv ji 11 m Þ ^i wek evwyr m Uvi UzBb UvIqv i nvgjv Pvjvq `vl `qv nq Dmvgv web jv `b I Avj-Kvq`vi Dc i cöwz kva wb Z AvdMvwb v b nvgjv Kiv nõj, m `k aÿsm nõj nvhvi nvhvi gvbyl wbnz nõj, j j gvbyl AvnZ nõj, weaÿ nõj vcbv, webó nõj gvby li mnvq-m ú` A_P wkqzw`b c ib mz cökvk cj Rvbv Mj, wbdbq K i wek evwyr K `ª Ges c UvM b 9/11Õi nvgjv m ú K K qk gvm Av M _ K Rvb Zb ZrKvjxb gvwk b cöwm W U RR Wwe D eyk, fvbm cöwm W U wwk Pwb I cöwzi v gš x ivgm& dì Avi G K_v duvm K i Qb 9/11 nvgjvi ci gvwk b c vwuªqwuk A i `vwq Z _vkv I m cöwz MÖdZvi niqv mymvb wjûvi bv g wm,avb,gõi GK Kgx wkqzw`b c~ e ivwkqvi GKwU Uwjwfkb P v b j cöpvwiz BDwUDe wfwwi dz U R wjûvi e j Qb, eyk, Pwb I ivgm& dì Rvb Zb 9/11-Gi nvgjv msnwuz nõ Z hv Q wzwb Rvbvb, wmavbgõi K Uªvj Awdmvi Wt wipvw wddkr K GKwU jvbf wcw `L Z ` LwQ jb, hv Z `Lv M Q h, BmivCj _ K hviqv wegvb wek evwyr K `ª AvNvZ nvb Q myzivs G NUbvq wek we e Ki Kv Q w`ev jv Ki gz cwi vi h, wek evwyr K `ª nvgjvwu wqj Av gwikv Ms-Gi mvrv bv bvuk G bvu Ki wkkv i gymwjg Kg KZ v I Kg Pvixmn 310 jvk wbnz nb 106 AviI Avðh e vcvi nõj G nvgjvi mgq H K `ª Kvb Bû`x Kg Pvix wqj bv Gme NUv bv n Q wg_ v I lohš g~jk Awf hv Mi wfwë Z GKBfv e MYZ š i `vex`vi (?) fvi Zi K `ªxq Z`š Kvix ms v wmweavbõi mv ek m`m mzxk fvg v Rvwb q Qb, Ô Kvb mš vmx Mvôx bq eis fviz mikvib `kwui cvj v g U fe b Ges 2008 mv j gy ^vb q nvgjv Pvwj qwqj fvi Zi Bs irx ˆ`wbK UvBgm Ae BwÛqvq PvÂj Ki G Lei cökvwkz n q Q nvgjvq 11 Rb jvk wbnz nq 107 A_P G nvgjvq gymjgvb `i K `vqx Kiv n qwqj fviz, gvwk b hy³ivóª, d«vý, e Ub-wgki, wmwiqv Zv `i Avf š ixy Î hgb gvbevwakvi mb `i GB avivi Ace envi K i hv Q, Zgwbfv e mviv we k Kw_Z gvbevwakvi i vi bv g gymwjg `k I gymjgvb `i wei A wnmv e mb`wu Kv R jvmv Q evsjv `k mikvii GLb G avivi Ace envi K i P j Q e vckfv e d j ` ki wewfbœ Bmjvgx e w³z, Ávbx- Yx `i K m `ng~jk AvB bi AvIZvq I wg_ v gvgjvq MÖdZvi K i hyjyg Pvjv bv n Q c vš i Bmjvg m `nekz hyjyg-wbh vz bi GB c wz I AvBb K mg_ b K i bv Kv iv g a hw` Aciv ai AvjvgZ wkqzb bv cviqv hvq, ZvnÕ j Zv K aiv hv e bv Avi hw` GiKg wkqz N UI _v K Z e Bmjvgx Av`j Z hvpvb-evqvb K i Avj vn&i bv g Kmg Kwi q Zv K m ½ m ½ Q o `qv nq Ges m v bi mv _ Zv K evox ch š cuš Q `qv nq A bk Î wzcyiy `qv nq cwi k l ejv hvq, RvwZmsN mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi mb `i 9 aviv eû Î wu I duvk i q Q GLv b mywbw` ó Awf hvm k ãi e vl v úó bq KviY mywbw` ó Awf hvm kã jv K A wnmv e e envi Ki Q evsjv `k Ges we k i wewfbœ civkw³ c vš i Bmjvgx ivóª e e vq Dchy³ cögvy I mv Dc vcb Qvov Kvb e w³ K AvUK K i R j XvKv bvi weavb bb hw` ivóªxq lohš n q _v K Z_vwcI mv -cögvy bv c j m ½ m ½ cywjk cökvmb ^m v b Zv K Q o w` Z eva AZGe RvwZmsN mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi mb `i 9 aviv Z hv ejv n q Q, Zv c~y v½ bq myzivs G avivwu evwzj K i Bmjvgx weav bi mymxzj QvqvZ j wek evmx K AvZ mgc Y Kiv DwPZ [Pj e] 105. gvwmk AvZ-ZvnixK, 16Zg el, 7g msl v, GwcÖj 2013, c t gvwmk AvZ-ZvnixK, AvMó, 2013, c Z `e, c

32 mv vrkvi [cvwk v bi LvBevi-cvLZzb Lvqv cö ` ki ivravbx ckviqvi kn i Aew Z cöwm Avn jnv`xq gv`ivmv ÔRv gôavzz Bgvg gynv v` web BmgvCj eylvix (int)õ c~e ckviqv ii wrwu (MÖvÊ UªvsK) ivw msjmœ PgKvbx gv o gv`ivmvwu Aew Z GwU cöwzôv K iwq jb AvdMvwb v b ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjbõ- Gi Ab Zg cövycyi l I mvwf qz-avdmvb hy i L vzbvgv gyrvwn` gvijvbv Rvgxjyi ingvb AvqZ bi w`k _ K GwUB ckviqv ii me P q eo Avn jnv`xq gv`ivmv ez gv b gv`ivmvwui Aa wnmv e `vwq Z wb qvwrz Av Qb kvql Rvgxjyi ingv bib cyî kvql nvw`qyi ingvb gv`vbx m cöwz MZ 12B RvbyqvixÕ14 Zvwi L M elyv wefvm, Ônv`xQ dvd Êkb evsjv `kõ-gi mv ek cwipvjk Avngv` Avãyj vn QvwKe ckviqvi md i wm q GB gv`ivmvwu cwi`k b K ib G mgq wzwb gv`ivmvi Aa kvql nvw`qyi ingv bi mv _ mšrb mv vrkv j GB mv vrkviwu MÖnY K ib mv vrkviwu Aviex _ K Ab~w`Z nõj-m úv`k] AvZ-ZvnixK : Avcbvi wczv kvql Rvgxjyi ingvb AvdMvbxi cwipq Ges AvdMvwb vb I cvwk v b Avn jnv`xq Av `vj bi cöpvi-cömv i Zuvi Ae`vb m ú K wkqz ejyb kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : kvql Rvgxjyi ingv bi g~j bvg wqj gynv v` ûmv qb web Avãyj gvbœvb c i cvwk v b Avmvi ci wzwb Rvgxjyi ingvb bv g cwiwpwz jvf K ib wzwb Rb MÖnY K iwq jb 1939 mv j AvdMvwb v bi Kzbvo cö ` ki wb½vjvg MÖv g GK nvbvdx cwiev i Kzbv ob wzwb cöv_wgk wk v MÖnY K ib c i D Pwk vi Rb cvwk v b Av mb cvwk v b GK gv`ivmvi jvb eªix Z Bgvg Be b Zvqwgqvn I gynv v` web Avãyj Iqvnnv ei AvK x`v m úwk Z MÖš wj covi ci wzwb Avn jnv`xq AvK x`v MÖnY K ib Zvici wzwb AvdMvwb v b wd i wm q `viqvzx gq`v b Suvwc q c ob Ges GKUz GKUz K i Zvi Abymvix `i msmwvz Ki Z ïi K ib Gfv eb AvdMvwb v b cö_g mvsmvwbkfv e ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjbõ-gi Kvh µg ïi nq ZLb ÔD Z gymwjgvnõ bv g msmvbwui KvR PjZ GUv wqj mvwf qz AvMÖvm bi cövq 25 eqi Av Mi NUbv AZtci 1985 mv j w` K ÔRvgvÔAvZz` `viqvn Bjvj KziAvb Iqvm mybœvnõ bv g GKwU c~y v½ msmvb cöwzôv K ib Ges Avgxi wnmv e `vwqz MÖnY K ib Avi `viqv Zi gq`v b Zuvi L`gZ m ú K huzkz eje, AvdMvwb vb I cvwk v b ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjbõ Z_v Qnxn AvK x`vi cöpvi I cömv i Zuvi f~wgkv wqj AZ š i Z c~y Kzbvomn cvwk v bi ckviqv i hz Avn jnv`xq gmwr`-gv`ivmv cöwzwôz n q Q Zvi wcq b g~j f~wgkv wqj ZuviB cö_g wzwb h `viqvzx Kvh µg ïi K iwq jb Zv Z mvov w` q GwM q G mwq jb eû mz wcqvmx gvbyl Kzbvo mn Ab vb cö ` ki A bk Av jg-ijvgv mg ez n qwq jb Zuvi cv k DuPy Kei, gvhvimg~n f ½ djv Ges Gi wei RbgZ M o Zvjvi gva g mgv R GKUv ZvInx`x RvMiY m wó K iwq jb d j mikv ii bh i c o hvb Zviv Ges we`ôavzx I gykwik `i KvimvwR Z Zv `i A bk KB Kvive `x nõ Z nq G Ae vi ga w` q ivwkqvi wei hy ïi nõ j cwiw wz cwiez b nq Ges kvql Rvgxjyi ingvb `viqv Zi cvkvcvwk AvdMvb wrnv ` m ú ³ nb cö_gw` K wzwb BLIqvbx gzv`k cyó jeyïxb nkgwzqv ii Ôwnh e BmjvgxÕ msmv bi mv _ hy³ wq jb Ges Kzbvo cö ` ki Avgxi wnmv e `vwqz cvjb K ib c i Ôwnh e BmjvgxÕi Av`wk K `ye jzv j K i wzwb `jz vm K ib Ges ^Zš Avn jnv`xq msmvb wnmv e ÔRvgvÔAvZz` `viqvn Bjvj KziAvb Iqvm mybœvnõ cöwzôv K ib hv AvdMvwb v bi GKgvÎ Avn jnv`xq msmvb wnmv e A` vewa `viqvzx Kvh µg Pvwj q hv Q Zuvi bz Z B Kzbv o mvjvdx gvbnv Ri Dci cöwzwôz GKwU ^vaxb Bmjvgx ivóª cöwzwôz nq 1991 mv ji Rvbyqvix gv m Gmgq Avie Ijvgv q Kivg Zuvi D Q wmz cöksmv K ib kvql Avjevbx, kvql web evh, kvql DQvqgxbI Zuvi cöwz ï f QvevZ v I Dc `kevyx cöiy K ib QvÆ ^vaxb ivóªwu Z Aí mg qi g a B Bmjvgx Av`vjZ cöwzwôz nq Ges mlv b kvic AvBb gvzv ek kvmbkvh cwipvwjz nõz d j mlv b g v-g`xbvi gz kvwš I wbivcëvi myevzvm Qwo q c o wkš AwP ib mvjvdx we Ølx Kzbv ii Aci cöfvekvjx msmvb jeyïxb nkgwzqv ii bz Z vaxb Ôwnh e BmjvgxÕ h Kvb g~ j GB bzzb ivóªwu K aÿsm K i `qvi Rb e cwiki nq Ges mvz `jxq nvbvdx gyrvwn` RvU MVb K i AZtci 1991 mv ji gvsvgvws Zviv Kzbvo cö ` ki K `ª j evgv nvgjv Pvwj q eû gvbyl nz v K i Ges ivravbx AvmÔAv`vev` `Lj K i bq d j mvjvdx gyrvwn`my wcqz nu Z eva nb Ges kvql Rvgxjyi ingvb AvdMvbcvK mxgvš ezx UªvBevj Gwiqvq G m ev Rvo G RwÝ Z Avkªq bb Ae k l H eqi 30 AvM ïµevi RygÔAvi Qvjv Zi c~ e AvZZvqxi wj Z wzwb gg vwš Kfv e wbnz nb AvZ-ZvnixK : kvql Rvgxjyi ingvb AvdMvbxi wbnz niqvi NUbvwU ejyb Kviv Gi wcq b `vqx wqj e j Avcbviv g b K ib? 31

33 kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : 1991 mv ji 30 AvM Avgvi wczv ev Rvo G RwÝ Z wb Ri evwo Z e mwq jb Ges RygÔAvi Qvjv Z hviqvi cö wz wbw Q jb Ggb mgq evwoi mvg b GKwU guimvwo G m `uvovq Mvwo _ K GKRb wgmix Av ivnx b g Av m Ges AveŸvi mv _ `Lv Ki Z Pvq Zuvi K cö e ki gy L mvaviyzt mevb K PK Kiv nõz wkš Avie `i cöwz we kl m v bi Kvi Y wzwb wbivcëvi x `i K e j w` qwq jb Zv `i `n Zj vkx bv Kivi Rb mb my hv M D³ wgmix AvZZvqx c K U wc j wb q Zuvi K cö ek K i AveŸv gmwr `i D Ï k ei n eb, wvk m mgq AvZZvqx wc j ei K i Zuvi gv_vq I gy L wj Pvjvq d j wzwb NUbv jb wbnz nb jvkwu cvwj q hviqvi Póv K i e _ nq Ges i x `i wj Z wbnz nq Kb ev Kviv GB NUbvi wcq b wqj Zv Avgiv wbwðz ej Z cvie bv Z e GUv h mvjvdx `viqv Zi cöwz cöpê we Øl cvlykvix Kvb MÖ ci KvR wqj, Zv wbtm ` n Abygvb Kiv hvq Zviv G Kv R GKRb wgmixq K e envi K iwqj hb Avie `i mv _ Avgv `i we` gvb mym úk bó Kiv hvq AvZ-ZvnixK : Avcwb Ges Avcbv `i cwiev ii m`m iv ez gv b K Kv_vq Av Qb? ckviqv ib wk Avcbviv vqx n q M Qb? kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : Avwg Kzbvo cö ` kb Rb MÖnY K iwq Avgvi eqm GLb 38 eqi hlb Avgvi eqm wqj cövq 1 eqi, ZLb Avgvi AveŸv mcwiev i cvwk v b wnriz K ib ckviqv iib wewfbœ mvjvdx gv`ivmvq Avwg cöv_wgk wk v MÖnY Kwi AZtci g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vj q fwz i my hvm cvb mlv b 2 eqi Qvbyweqvn mn gvu bq eqi Aa qb Kwi Ges kixôav wefvm _ K wjmvý wwmöx jvf Kwi Avgiv 8 fvb- evb GK fvb W. whqvdi ingvb g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq _ K wcgbp.ww Kivi ci ez gv b Rv gôavzzj Bgvg gynv v` web me` wek we` vj q wk KZv Ki Qb Av ik fvb GbvqvZzi ingvb Avgvi mv _B Avgv `i mgvrkj vy ms vi cwipvjk wnmv e `vwqz cvjb Ki Qb Ges mevi QvU fvb ez gv b g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vj q cov kvbv Ki Q GQvov Av ik fvb AvjZvdzi ingvb BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm wu Bmjvgvev` _ K dv im n q Q Avwg 1995 mv j cvwk v bb we q K iwq Ges Avgvi `yb mš vb i q Q Avgvi gv GLbI RxweZ Av Qb Ges ckviqv ib Avgvi Kv Q _v Kb ez gv b Avgiv ckviqv ii vqx evwm `v n q M ji fwel Z B Qv Av Q Avevi Kvbw`b gvz f~wg Kzbv o wd i hviqvi AvZ-ZvnixK : GB gvikvhwu cöwzôvi BwZnvm Ges ez gv b gv`ivmvwu wkfv e cwipvwjz n Q m m ú K wkqz ejyb kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : gv`ivmvwu Avgvi wczvi nv ZB 1985 mv j cöwzwôz nq Z e ez gvb febwu Zuvi g Zz i ci me`x µvdb wcöý Avgxi mvjgvb web Avãyj Avhxh Av j kv q Li wb ` kbv I Avw_ K mn hvwmzvq 1996 mv j vwcz nq AvdMvwb vb I cvwk v bi gvwu Z wkik I we`ôav Zi AcÖwZ iva Rvqvi VKv bvi Rb Qnxn AvK x`v m úbœ gmwr` I gv`ivmv wbg v Yi j Avgvi wczv GB gv`ivmv cöwzôv K ib mmgq ga cöv P i Øxb`i`x fvb qiv Zuvi mn hvwmzvq GwM q Av mb ckviqv ii AvdMvb kiyv_x wkwe i GLb cövq 27wU gmwr` i q Q, hvi ek K qkwu Avgvi wczvi nv Z ˆZix Kiv d j GB gmwr` jvi gva g kiyv_ x AvdMvbx `i g a mvjvdx AvK x`vi cömvi N U Q Ges Zv `i ga _ K wkik-we`ôav Zi Kzms vi wa i wa i `~i n q hv Q, dvwjj v-wnj nvg` gv`ivmvq ez gv b QvÎvevm I K vmi g wgwj q cövq 80wU K i q Q GKwU BqvZxgLvbvI i q Q fwz wdm Qvov QvÎ `i wbku _ K Kvbiƒc A_ bqv nq bv _vkv-lviqv d«x 20 Rb wk Ki emev mi Rb K v úv mi g a B c _K KvqvU vi i q Q gv`ivmvi D PZi mvwu wd KU cvwk vb I AvdMvwb vb wk vgš Yvjq KZ K ^xk wzcövß GQvov me`x Avi ei wewfbœ wek we` vj qi mv _ gyôav`vjvn i q Q cöwzôvi ci _ K 2010 mvj ch š GB gv`ivmvi ÔgvÔnv` kvicõ Ges ÔKzwj qvn kvicqvnõ _ K gvu 1433 Rb QvÎ dv im n q Q Avgv `i wm jevm mikvix Ges me`x Avi ei wewfbœ cöwzôv bi wm jev mi mgš^ q wbr ^ Avw½ K ˆZix Kiv Ge Z`vqx (6 eqi) ch š ckzz fvlvq wk v `qv nõ ji ÔgyZvIqvmwmZvnÕ (3 eqi), Qvbyweqvn (3 eqi) Ges Kzwj qv Z (4 eqi) m ú~y Aviex wgwwqv g cvv`vb Kiv nq d j GLvbKvi QvÎiv Aviex fvlvq A bk ` ez gv b GLv b 38 Rb wk K- Kg Pvix mn cövq 500 QvÎ i q Q me cö_g wcöwýc vj wq jb wgmix kvql Avngv` Avey Qznv qe ( Bs) AZtci kvql idxkzj vn web mvgxdj vn bvrxex ( Bs) Avi 2003 mvj _ K AvwgB GB `vwqz cvj b wb qvwrz i qwq GQvov Avgiv mgvrkj vyg~jk KvR K i _vwk MZ GK eq ib Avgv `i ms vi gva g 41wU gmwr` wbwg Z n q Q ckviqvi Ges cvk ezx hjv mg~ n AvZ-ZvnixK : ckviqv i ez gv b Avn jnv`xq Av `vj bi `viqvz m cömvwiz n Q Kgb? 32

34 kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : ckviqv i Avn jnv`xq Av `vj bi Ae v GLb A bk fvj GLv b cövq K qk kzvwak gmwr` wbwg Z n q Q MZ GK `k K Kej 2013 mv jb Avgiv Avgv `i ms vi gva g 41wU gmwr` wbg vy K iwq ckviqvimn Avk-cv ki hjv jv Z ckviqv i Avgv `i GB gv`ivmvi gz Av iv cövq 15wU eo gv`ivmv i q Q GQvov QvULv Uv Av iv cövq 50wU Avn jnv`xq gv`ivmv i q Q Gme gv`ivmvi wk v_x iv GKUv eo f~wgkv ivl Q G A j weï AvK x`vi cöpvi I cömv i Z e mvsmvwbkfv e Avgiv msne bb GgbwK ez gv b Avgv `i cökvwkz Kvb mvßvwnk I gvwmk cwîkvi bb GB `ye jzv jv KvwU q DVvi Rb Avgiv Póv KiwQ AvcvZZt G mkj Øxbx gv`ivmvi gva gb Avgiv hz`~i m e `viqvzx KvR Pvwj q hvw Q AvZ-ZvnixK : AvdMvwb v b Avn jnv`xq Av `vj bi `viqvz Kgb Pj Q? kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : Avjnvg`ywjj vn Kzbvo, b~wi vb, ev`vlkvbmn AvdMvwb v bi Ab mkj cö ` kb GLb `viqvzx Kvh µg Rvi`vifv e cwipvwjz n Q Ges Gi gva g cöwzwbqz Qnxn AvK x`vi QvqvZ j mg ez n Q eû gvbyl gykwik-we`avzx `i c _ K euvav Av m h _ó, Z e c~ e i Zzjbvq A bk Kg Z e BLIqvbxiv GLbI Avgv `i cöwz h _ó we Øl cvly K i m e vcwi w`b w`b gvby li g a Øxb m ú K m PZbZv hz evo Q, cxi-c~rv, Keic~Rv, wkik-we`avzx bvbv img- iiqvr ZZ K g Avm Q Avjnvg`ywjj vn gv`ivmv-gmwr` jv QvovI Avgvi wczvi cöwzwôz AvdMvwb v bi cö_g Avn jnv`xq msmvb ÔRvgvÔAvZz` `viqv Bjvj KziAvb Iqvm mybœvnõ mwµqfv e KvR Ki Q ez gv b msmvbwui Avgx ii `vwqz cvjb Ki Qb kvql mvgxdj vn bvrxex wzwb `yevb q emevm Ki Qb Ges mlvb _ KB msmvb cwipvjbv K ib cvwk v bi gz ILv b Avgv `i gv S mvsmvwbk Kvb wefw³ bb d j gv`ivmv jvi AwaKvsk GB msmv bi wb ` kbv gvzv ek cwipvwjz nq Avi g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq mn ckviqv ii Avn jnv`xq gv`ivmv jv _ K dv im niqv QvÎiv ez gv b Øxb cöpv i me P q eo f~wgkv ivl Q Avgv `i GB gv`ivmv Z ez gv b hme QvÎiv Av Q, Zv `i A a KB AvdMvwb v bi wewfbœ cö `k _ K Avmv cöwzeqib G msl v evo Q Giv ` k wd i wm q Avn jnv`xq Av `vj bi Lv `g wnmv e h _ó f~wgkv ivl Q Z e Kzbvo (cöwzôvzv : gvijvbv Rvgxjyi ingvb), b~wi vb (cöwzôvzv : gvijvbv Avdhvj) I ev`vlkv b (cöwzôvzv : gvijvbv kv ikx) h Avn jnv`xq ûkzgz jv cöwzwôz n qwqj 90-Gi `k K, Zv GLb Avi we` gvb bb GLb cö `k jv AvdMvb mikv ii wbqš YB cwipvwjz n Q AvZ-ZvnixK : AvdMvwb v b Avn jnv`xq Av `vj bi `viqvz cöpv i mikvix Kvb evav Av Q wk? kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : bv, mikvixfv e Avgv `i K Kvbiƒc evav `qv nq bv mikvi Kej Pvq Avgiv hb ivr bwzk welq wj Z bvk bv MjvB ÔRvgvÔAvZz` `viqvnõ msmvbwu 90-Gi `k K Bmjvgx mikv ii Aax b GKevi wbe vp b Ask wb ji ciezx Z Avi KLbI ivr bwzk Kvb g  Av m wb Ges wbe vp b AskMÖnY K i wb Zviv g~jzt mvaviy gvbyl K KziAvbmybœv ni w` K AvnŸv bi `vwqz cvjb Ki Qb MYZ š i wel q Avgv `i Ae vb m ú K GUzKzB eje h, G e vcv i Bmjv gi e³e Ges Avgv `i e³e wfbœ wkqzb bq Avgiv Bmjvg e ZxZ Ab wkqzi AbymiY Kwi bv Gi ekx wkqz ej Z PvB bv AvZ-ZvnixK : evsjv ` ki mvjvdx fvb `i D Ï k Avcbvi e³e wk? kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : Avwg evsjv `kx Avn jnv`xq fvb `i cöwz ï f Qv Rvbvw Q Zv `i cöwz Avgv `i GKUvB Aby iva _vk e `viqv Zi gq`v b Avcbviv memgq HK e I msne _vkyb Kbbv GKZvi gv SB eikz I Kj vy wbwnz AvZ-ZvnixK : Avgv `i K mgq `qvi Rb Avcbv K Avš wik ab ev` kvql nvw`qyi ingvb : ïkwiqv, evivkvj vû dxkzg GB cö_g Kvb evsjv `kx mvjvdx fvb qi mv _ wgwjz nõ Z c i Avgv `ii Lye fvj jvm Q evsjv ` ki Avn jnv`xq `i m ú K A bk wkqz Rvb Z cvijvg Ges DcK Z njvg h eb `ywu cjvg (QvjvZzi ivm~j Qvt Ges Avn jnv`xq Av `vjb wk I KbÕ-Gi Bs irx Abyev`) Avwg Zv mh Zœ Avgv `i jvb eªix Z ivle GB gvikv h Avcbviv AveviI Avm eb evsjv `kx Avn jnv`xq fvb `i cöwzi Avgv `i mvjvg I ï f Qv ibj [AvdMvwb v b Avn jnv`xq Av `vjb m ú K we vwiz Rvb Z wcgbpww w_wmm ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjb : DrcwË I µgwekvkõ c ôv ch š ÔAvdMvwb v b Avn jnv`xq Av `vjbõ Aa vqwu cvv Ki b- m úv`k] 33

35 bexb `i cvzv ey ev` we ivax Av `vj bi bzv bjmb g v Êjv Bn&mvb Bjvnx hnxi* ez gvb we k i me P q kª vfvrb ivóªcöavb, `w Y Avwd«Kvi ey ev`we ivax Av `vj bi cöev`cyi l bv ej werqx cö_g K òv½ cöwm W U bjmb g v Êjv ( Bs) MZ 5 ww m ^i e n úwzevi `w Y Avwd«Kvi Rvnv bmev M wbr evwo Z g Zz eiy K i Qb g Zz Kv j Zuvi eqm n qwqj 95 eqi 2004 mv j ivrbxwz _ K AvbyôvwbKfv e Aem i hviqvi ci _ K wzwb Rbmg KgB Avm Zb 2010 mv j me kl wzwb Rbmg ei n qwq jb Gici _ K K qkevi wzwb Amȳ nb Ae k l dymdy mi msµg Y ek wkqzw`b Amȳ _vkvi ci g Zz eiy Ki jb GB Abb mvaviy e w³z wesk kzvãxi Mvovi w` K `w Y Avwd«Kvi ey ev`x KzR&SwUKv I Kz nwjkv f` K i a~g KZzi b vq Avwef ~Z nb Avwd«Kvi ey ev`x Kzkvmb I civaxbzvi jšn wrwäi f ½ wzwb K òv½ gvby li gyw³i AvKzwZ K msmöv g cwiyz K i Qb, `vb K i Qb gyw³i msmöv g AKz Zvfq jovb qi `x v Avg Zz ag - Mvôx, fvlv-ey wbwe k l mkj gvbyl K HK e RvwZ Mvôx Z cwiyz Kivi msmöv g wjß GB wkse`š x gvbylwui ey vx Rxe bi cy ivuvb K U Q gvbezvi gyw³i msmöv g cöwzev` w` q h msmövgx Rxe bi m~pbv n qwqj, HK I kvwš vc bi ga w` q Zv c~y Zv jvf K i Q wekvj `k `w Y Avwd«Kvi 80 kzvsk K òv½ n ji GwU GKwU eû ey wfwëk mgvr Ebwesk kzvãxi ïi ZB ewne vwy R i müv b BD ivcxqiv µ gb AwaKnv i `w Y Avwd«Kvq Avm Z ïi K i weªwukiv `w Y KcUvD b K jvbx vcb K i Ges evqvmiv (Ij `vr, divmx, Rvg vb I d wgm) bvuv j A iä wd«u emwz vcb K iwqj Zvici 1867 mv j nxiv Ges 1884 mv j mvbv Avwe Z n j BD ivcxq wewfbœ Kv úvbx `w Y Avwd«Kvq AwaK msl vq wfo Rgvq KcUvDb weªwuk Dcwb e k cwiyz n qwqj 1806 mv j nxiv I mvbvmn Ab vb g~j evb avzz I cy mvgmöxwfwëk evwyr e w i d j `w Y Avwd«Kvq emwz vcbkvix BD ivcxq `i Rxe bi gvb wbr ` ki ZyjbvqI A bk DbœZ wnmv e cwimwyz n qwqj Ab w` K e vck msl vmwiô K òv½ m cö`vq wk v, ^v, evm vb, Kg ms vb mew`k w` qb wqj Pigfv e wcwq q mlv b BD ivcxq `i msl v cvup kzvs kii wb P _vk ji Zv `i nv ZB wqj cökvmwbk wksev ivóª cwipvjbvi cökœvzxz gzv k Zv½ `i Rb me wkqyb c _K wqj Zv `i cöwzôv b K òv½ `i cö ek wqj wbwl Kvb wel q b~ bzg cöwzev` nõ jb K òv½ `i MÖßvi K i R j XyKv bv nõz GgbwK wj K i nz v ch š Kiv nõz Ggb GK `ywe ln cwiw wz Z 1918 mv j Rb MÖnY K ib Ges m ú~y GK ˆeix cwi e ki g a e o I Vb bjmb g v Êjv evev wq jb B vy Kc cö ` ki _ ^v ivrkxq cwiev ii KvDwÝji evev bvg i LwQ jb ivwjn vnjv Wvwjfy½v gvb Wjv y ji GK wk K Zvi Bs irx bvg ivl jb bjmb cvwicvwk K ey ev`x wksev ey we Ølx NUbvejx µ g Zuv K cöwzev`x K i Zv j yjrxe b wewfbœ ˆelg g~jk e e vi wei cöwzev` Ki Z wm q ewn Z nb wzwb wk kvi eq m wczv K nvwi q AwZK ó kl ch š wzwb cö ewkkv cvm K ib c i AvBb (GjGjwe) covi Rb fwz n qwq jb BDwbfvwm wu Z wkš jlvcovq Zvui gv UI Kv bv AMÖMwZ nqwb wewfbœ cöwzev` I Av `vjbmz Kvi Y Zuv K A bkevi wk vcöwzôvb _ K ewn K Z I MÖdZvi nõ Z n q Q e `x Ae vq 1949 mv j BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvd_ Avwd«Kv _ K wzwb GjGjwe wwwmö jvf K ib wzwb Avwd«Kvb b vkbvj Ks MÖ m (GGbwm) hvm`vb K ib 1944 mv j Ges gzvmxb k Zv½ msmvb b vkbvj cvwu i ey we Ølx bxwzi wei K Vvi Av `vjb M o Zv jb 1948 mvj _ K 1960 mv j k Zv½ kvmk Mvôx GGbwm K wbwl NvlYv K i wewfbœ nvgjv-gvgjv I MÖdZvix c ivqvbvi ci AmsL K òv½ bzvi wei ivó«`ªv ni Awf hv M GK cönmbg~jk A_P K Vvi wepvikvr ïi n qwqj D P Av`vj Z Awfhy³ n qwq jb mw` bi Zi Y bzv bjmb g v ÊjvI 1956 _ K 1961 ch š Zvui wei gvgjvi ïbvwb P jwqj kl ch š 1961 mv j D P Av`vj Zi cö`ë GK HwZnvwmK iv q wzwb wb ` vl cögvwyz nb ey ev` we ivax Zvi G Av `vjb Awnsmfv e ïi n ji 1960 mv j ey ev`x mikvi KZ K kvc wf ji K òv½ we vfkvix `i Ici cywj ki wj Z 69 Rb wbnz n j ey ev` we ivax Av `vjb mk Av `vj b iƒc bq GKB mv _ mikvi GGbwm K wbwl K i Ges hiƒix Ae v NvlYv K i d j kvwš c~y Av `vj b Av `Š Avi jvf n e wk-bv m cökœ DV Z ïi K i PZzw` K _ K mg ^ i Gmgq GK e³ Zvq bjmb g v Êjv e jwq jb, mikvi hlb wbi Ges cöwz ivawenxb gvby li Ici cvkwek AvµgY Pvjv Q, ZLb mikv ii m ½ kvwš Ges Av jvpbvi K_v ejv wbõj ciez x Z g v Êjv I Zvi mn hv viv Aš N vzg~jk mk msmöv gi c_ e Q wb Z eva nb Z e G Î Zv `i GKgvÎ j wqj Avwd«Kvq 34

36 we `kx wewb qvm K wbi rmvwnz Kivi gva g mikvi K Pv c d j Av jvpbvi cwi ek m wó Kiv GGbwm mk msmövg ïi Ki j mikvi DrLv Zi loh š i Awf hv M bjmb g v Êjv K MÖdZvi Kiv nq wepv i Zvi hve¾xeb mvrv nq ïi nq `w Y Avwd«Kvi KyL vz iv eb Øx c Zvi `xn KvivRxeb mkªg Kviv` Êi Ask wnmv e GKwU Pzbvcv_ ii Lwb Z kªwgk wnmv e wzwb KvR Ki Z eva nb KvivMv ii ey elg Pvjy wqj K òv½ e `x `i me P q Kg Lvevi `Iqv nõz mvaviy Avmvgx `i _ K ivre `x `i A bk Kg my hvm-myweav wqj Zvi g a I Zuv K me P q Kg myweavcövß e `x `i ZvwjKvq ivlv n qwqj cöwz 6 gv m 1wU wpwv I GKRb gvî `k bv_x i mv _ mv v Zi AbygwZ `qv nõz Zuv K ÔwW MÖ ciõ e `x wnmv e wzwb wq jb mlv b me P q Kg myweavcövß e `x _vkvi mg q Qqevi Zvu K kz mv c gyw³i cö ve `Iqv nq cö Z KeviB wzwb Zv cöz vl vb K ib RbMY gy³ bq, ZvB wb Ri gyw³ PvB bv RbM Yi msmvb GGbwm hw` wbwl _v K, Zvn j Avgv K Kvb ai bi gyw³i cö ve `Iqv n Q?... Ø _ nxbk É Rvwb qwq jb wzwb g v Êjv Ges GGbwmi kxl bzv `i Kvive `x Ki ji `w Y Avwd«Kvi K òv½ UvDbwkc jv Z ey ev` we ivax Av `vjb Ae vnz _v K cywj ki wj Z cövy nvivb kz kz K òv½ Zi Y Gw` K g v Êjvi gyw³i Rb `w Y Avwd«Kv mikv ii Ici Avš R vwzk PvcI evo Z _v K Ae k l wzwb `xn 27 eqi Kviv fv Mi ci gyw³ cvb 1990 mv ji 11B deª qvix mw`b KvivMv ii mvg b `qv e³ Zvq bjmb g v Êjv Zvi mg_ K `i iy Kwi q w` qwq jb, ÔGK `w Y Avwd«Kvi ^cœ ` Lb wzwb, hlv b me RvwZ I me e Y i gvbyl mgvb my hvm wb q GK m ½ _vk Z cvi e GB Av` k i Rb wzwb gi ZI cö yzõ gyw³i ci `w Y Avwd«Kvi ey ev`x mikv ii m ½ bzyb GK ivó«cöwzôvi j Av jvpbv ïi nq, hlv b me ey Ges me RvwZi mgvbvwakvi _vk e G c_ a ib 1994 mv ji wbe vp b wecyj fv U cöwm W U wbe vwpz nb bjmb g v Êjv cyi bv `w Y Avwd«Kv K cq b d j bzyb Avwd«Kv Movi KvRUv mnr wqj bv wkš bjmb g v Êjv AZx Zi wz³zvi cöwz kva bqvi cwie Z Zvi mv ek k Zv½ wbcxok `i w` K Aejxjvq eüy Z i nvz evwo q w` jb ïi nõj GK bzyb `w Y Avwd«Kvi c_ Pjv m~pbv nõj becöfv Zi bzzb m~ h v`q mv g i ` óvš Zz j a i wzwb fvbm cöwm W Ui `vwqz Zz j w` jb ey ev`x mv ek cöwm W U ww K v K i nv Z wb Ri wbivcëvi `vwqz w` jb GK`j k Zv½ cywj ki nv Z `vwqz MÖnYKvjxb e³ e wzwb e jwq jb, ÔAvgiv k Zv½ kvm bi cwie Z K òv½ `i kvmb Kv qg Ki Z PvB bv Avgiv Ggb kvmb Kv qg Ki Z PvB, hlv b mv`v-kv jvi g a f`v f` _vk e bv, me bvmwik mgvb my hvm-myweav fvm Ki eõ 1994 mv j cöwm W U wnmv e wbe vwpz niqvi ci Zuvi nv ZB gvby l gvby l f`v f`gy³ GK bzzb Avwd«Kvi Rb nq ˆeix cöwzc i w` K eüy Z i nvz evwo q `qvi g Zv D`viZv Ges ey vx I bvukxq Rxe bi AwaKvix g v Êjvi Pwi Îi me P q AbyKiYxq w`k nõj, gzvi cöwz wb g vn I gvkxjzv 27 eq ii KvivRxeb _ K gyw³ c q cöwm W U niqvi ci we kl Av`vjZ MVb K i dvuwmkv ô Syjv Z cvi Zb Zv K RjLvUv bv ey ev`x bzv `i K wkš wef³ ivóª K AviI wef³ Kiv g v Êjvi D Ïk wqj bv wzwb wnsmvi Av b R vjvbwb, eis Kv jv `i cvkvcvwk mv`v gvby lii mgawakvi envj i L Qb `w Y Avwd«Kvq wzwb mevb K wb q euvp Z P q Qb Ôgvbyl K hš Yv `Iqvi g Zv hš Yv nq Zv Avi bbõ, KvivMvi _ K ewi q wzwb ivóªkw³avix k Zv½ `i mb hš YvI NywP q Qb cvup eqi cöwm W Ui `vwqz cvj bi ci wzwb ^ Qvq gzv Z vm K ib wecyj RbwcÖqZvi gv SI we`v qi mgq wzwb e jb, ÔAvwg máv b `vwqz Q o w`jvg Avwg g b Kwi, `w Y Avwd«Kvi RbM Yi cöwz mvgvb `vwqz B Avwg cvjb Ki Z c iwqõ Giƒc web qi bgybv Aaybv BwZnv m weij Awemsevw`Z bzv wnmv e wøzxqevi wbe vwpz nevi wbiskyk m vebv _vk ji gzv K wzwb AuvK o a i iv Lbwb Aemi Rxe b wzwb bjmb g v Êjv dvd Ûk bi gva g gvbezvi mevq wb R K wb qvwrz iv Lb g v Êjv K Bmjvg MÖn Yi AvnŸvb : me`x Avi ei cöl vz Av jg, Bmjvg cöpvik, mye³v I RbwcÖq jlk W. Av qh Avj-K vibx wpwv I GKwU eb cöiy K i g Zz i gvmlv bk Av M bjmb g v Êjv K Bmjvg MÖn Yi AvnŸvb Rvbvb wpwv Z wzwb wj Lb- Ô n gnvb bzv, Avcwb cvw_ e kªôz AR b K i Qb Avš R vwzk c`k-m vbbv jvf K i Qb ^vaxbzvi gykzu cwiavb K i Qb Avcwb Gi m ½ Av iv hvm Ki b, GK Avj vn Z wek vm Ges Zuvi ivm~ ji AbyMgb I AvbyM Z i mvdj Avi Zv Bmjvg Qvov Am e Bmjvg MÖnY K i cvi jšwkk kvwš I wbivcëv wbwðz Ki b Bmjvg mv g i ag G ag Avi ei k Zv½ Igi I Bw_Iwcqvi K òv½ ejv ji g a, cvi m i mvjgvb dv imx I iv gi QynvB ei g a mvg I åvz Z cöwzôv K i Q G ag mkj 35

37 cökv ii Ab vq K cöz vl vb K i Avi ^ QvPvwiZv K wbwl K i Ges ey - MvÎ I fvlvi cv_ K NywP q `q Avgvi hlb gymwjg `k jvi weávbx, bzv, wkíxmvwnwz K I Av jg-ijvgvi m ½ mv vr nq Zviv e jb, g v Êjv gymwjg bb AZGe Avwg Avcbvi Kv Q GKvš B cöz vkv ivwl Ges Avš wikfv e Avkv Kwi h, Avcwb ` ßK É D PviY Ki b! Ôjv Bjvnv Bj vj vn, gynv v`yi ivm~jyj vnõ n gnvb bzv! c w_exi `y kv KvwU gymwjg Avcbv K ^vmz Rvbv e Avcwb c w_exi me cöv š i gymwjg cyi l-bvix, wkï-e mevi mkª Awfev`b MÖnY Ki b Ges Avgvi ï f Qv wbb gnvb Avj vn I Avi ki gnvb i ei Kv Q cöv_ bv Kwi wzwb Avcbvi e K Bmjvg MÖn Yi Rb cömvwiz K i w`b- Avgxb! (ms cvwqz) g v Êjvi wkqz wk Yxq Dw³ : 1. wcqb _ K bz Z `vi Avi Ab `i G wek vm Ki Z `vi h, ZvivB mvg b i q Q 2. bz Z `v bi Rb Zvgv K _vk Z n e cq b Ges Ab `i ivl Z n e mvg b we kl K i werq Drme I my `i NUbvi mgq Zvgvi cq b _vkvb m e vëg Z e wec¾bk gyn~ Z Zvgv K Aek B mvg b Ae vb wb Z n e 4. Avwg mvay bb Z e hw` mvay K Ggb GK cvcx wnmv e we epbv Ki, h mr nevi Rb Zvi Póv Pvwj q hv Q, Zvn j Avwg ZvB 6. mvnmx gvbyl kvwš i Rb gv Ki Z KL bv fxz nq bv 7. c w_ex Z cöwz kva MÖn Yi gva g Zzwg hzuv AR b Ki Z cvi e, Zvi P q Xi ekx AR b Ki Z cvi e gv cö`k bi gva g 8. m vb Zv `i cövc, hviv KL bv mz K cwiz vm K i bv GgbwK hlb cwiw wz AÜKviv Qbœ Ges e`bv`vqk nq 9. mvnm A_ fqnxbzv bq; eis f qi Ici werq jvf GKRb mvnmx jvk gv b GB bq h, m KL bv fq cvq bv ev fq K Abyfe K i bv mb-b cök Z mvnmx h fq K Dcjwä K i Ges Zv Rq K i 10. Avcwb hw` kî i mv _ kvwš Z _vk Z Pvb, Z e Zvi mv _ Avcbv K wg k h Z n e Kvu a Kvua wgwj q KvR Ki Z n e Z eb Avcbvi kî Avcbvi m½x Z cwiyz n e 11. GKRb cök Z Ges Av`k bzv K Aek B wbr RvwZi Rb mkj cökv ii ^vaxbzv wbwðz Ki Z wb Ri c _ K m e v P Z vm ^xkv ii Rb cö yz _vk Z n e 12. evav-wecwë wkqy gvbyl K f ½ `q, Avevi wkqy gvbyl K M o Zv j mewkqyi wewbg q mvdj c Z whwb mskíe, Zvi g bvej f ½ `qvi gz Kvb nvwzqvi c w_ex Z ˆZix nqwb 13. ^vaxbzv gv b Kej wkkj fv½vi wnwok bq eis Ggbfv e Rxeb hvcb Kiv hv Z K i A b i ^vaxbzv I m vb e w cvq 14. Kv iv cöwz N Yv-we Øl cvly Kiv A bkuv wb R welcvb K i kî i g Zz Kvgbv Kivi gz 15. gvbe g bi gnvbyfezv Ggb GKwU AwMœwkLv, hv Avcwb KLbB bfv Z cvi eb bv 16. N Yv gb K AÜKvi K i `q KŠk ji c_ i K i `q bzv `i N Yv Kiv mv R bv 17. KD hw` wb Ri j w i _v K Z e m werqx n eb 18. Avwg gšwjkfv eb GKRb Avkvev`x e w³ wvk ej Z cvie bv GwU Avgvi g a mnrvzfv eb G m Q, bvwk mg qi mv _ mv _ ˆZwi n q Q Avkvev`x niqvi GKwU kz n Q memgq m~h eivei gv_v DuPy i L mvg bi w` K c_ Pjv Ggb A bk gyn~z B G m Q hlb gvbezvi cöwz Avgvi Av v cökœwe n q Q wkš Avwg KLbB wb R K nzvk nõ Z `Bwb KviY nzvkvi nvz a ib cö ek K i g Zz Ges civrq cwi k l eje bjmb g v Êjv ^xq e w³z, ag -ey wbwe k l mkj gvby li cöwz fv jvevmv, mzzv I ˆbwZKZv w` q RbMY K AvKl Y K iwq jb cöejfv e Zvui wb j vf Rxeb wbr ` ki MÊx Qvwo q Zvu K wek bzvq cwiyz K iwqj wek evmxi KvQ _ K we`vq wb jb mg SvZv I H K i GK Awemsev`x cözxk wnmv eb i L M jb kvwš c~y fv e AvZ Z v Mi civkvôv `wl q AwaKvi Av`v qi GK Av cvlnxb msmöv gi BwZnvm m ½ gvbyl K fvjevmvi Agwjb BwZnvmI we k i gyw³kvgx gvby li Aby cöiyvi Drm n q _vk eb wzwb wzwb gymwjg wnmv e g Zz eiy K ibwb, wkš Bmjv gi gvbwek I ˆbwZK Av`k jv Zuvi g a cöùzwuz n qwqj wzwb gymjgvb n j nqz cvðvz we k i Kv Q GZ m vb I gh v`vi AwaKvix n Z cvi Zb bv, hgbwu cv ibwb ZuviB mgmvgwqk wdwj xbx bzv Bqvwmi AvivdvZ bjmb g v Êjvi gz wzwbi fvm vnz wdwj xbx `i gyw³i Rb AvRxeb msmövg K i Qb, kl ch š cövyi w` q Qb kµi nv Z wkš cwðgv we k i Kv Q wzwb gyw³i `~Z wnmv e bb, eis we ewpz n q Qb wdwj xbx ÔR½xÕ `i gylcvî wnmv e 36

38 nv`x Qi Mí AvK vevi evqôavz bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi g`xbvq wnri Zi c~ e BqvQwi ei KwZcq jvk n ¾i gšmy g g vq G m AvK vev bvgk v b ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)-Gi nv Z AvbyM Z i evqôavz MÖnY K ib hvi gva g ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi g`xbvq wnri Zi m~pbv nq m m úwk Z `yõwu nv`xq- Bgvg Avngv` KZ K Rv ei web Avãyj vn (ivt) nõ Z nvmvb mb ` ewy Z n q Q, Rv ei (ivt) nõ Z ewy Z wzwb e jb, Avgiv ejjvg, n Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avgiv Kvb K_vi Dc i Avcbvi wbk U evqôavz Kie? wzwb ej jb, (1) my L-`yt L me ve vq Avgvi K_v ïb e I g b Pj e (2) Afv e I m QjZvq me ve vq (Avj vn&i iv vq) LiP Ki e (3) me `v b v qi Av `k w` e I Ab vq _ K wb la Ki e (4) Avj vn&i Rb K_v ej e Gfv e h, Avj vn&i c _ Kvb wb `y Ki wb `vev` K c ivqv Ki e bv (5) hlb Avwg Zvgv `i Kv Q wnriz K i hve, ZLb Zvgiv Avgv K mvnvh Ki e Ges hfv e Zvgiv wb R `i I wb R `i x I mš vb `i ndvhz K i _vk, mfv e Avgv K ndvhz Ki e wewbg q Zvgiv ÔRvbœvZÕ jvf Ki eõ (6) Iev`vn web QvwgZ (ivt) ewy Z Aci iiqvqv Z G m Q h, ÔAvi Zvgiv bz Z i Rb SMov Ki e bvõ 108 e Zt cövq `o nvhvi eqi c~ e biqv evqôav Zi kz wji cöwzwui i Z I cö qvrbxqzv G hy MI cy ivcywifv e we` gvb mw`bi hgb Rvbœv Zi wewbg q biqv evqôavz me vz K mgvrwec ei KviY NwU qwqj, AvRI Zgwb Zv GKB cš vq m e, hw` Avgiv Avš wik nb Rvwei (ivt) _ K ewy Z, wzwb e jb, ivm~jyj vn (Qvt) g vq `k eqi Ae vb K iwq jb [g vq `k eqi wzwb cökv k Bmjvg cöpvi K ib cö_g Anx jv fi ci wzb eqi Mvc b Bmjvg cöpvi K ib m ez GB wzb eqi wnmv e aiv nqwb] wzwb DKvh, gvrvbœv I n¾ gšmy g wgbvq RbmgvMg j jvk `i AbymiY Ki Zb wzwb Zv `i ej Zb, Ggb K Av Q h Avgv K Avkªq w` e Ges Avgv K mvnvh Ki e, hv Z Avwg Avgvi cöfyi evz v (gvby li wbku) cuš Q w` Z cvwi Avi wewbg q m RvbœvZ jvf Ki e? Ggwb K i nq Zv GKRb jvk Bqvgb cö `k wksev gyhvi MvÎ _ K Av m Avi wzwb Zv K Gfv e e jb, AZtci m Zvi Mv Î wd i hvq ZLb Mv Îi jv Kiv e j, KzivBk `i H biriqvb K Zzwg Gwo q Pj e, m hb Zvgv K wdzbvq bv d j wzwb Zv `i miqvwi/kv djv jvi gv S nu U P jb; Zviv ZLb Zv K Av½yj w` q Bkviv K i Ggwb K i Avj vn ZvÔAvjv BqvQwie _ K Avgv `i K Zuvi wbku cvvv jb Avgiv Zuv K Avkªq w`jvg Ges Zuv K mz e j gvbjvg Avgv `i Kvb jvk Zuvi wbku M j m Zuvi Dci Cgvb AvbZ, wzwb Zv K KziAvb wklv Zb Zvici m Zvi cwiev i wd i G j Zvi Bmjvg MÖn Yi Kvi Y ZvivI Bmjvg MÖnY KiZ Ggwbfv e AvbQvi `i Ggb Kvb evwo evkx wqj bv, hlv b GK`j gymwjg wqj bv Zviv Zv `i Bmjvg (MÖn Yi welq) cökvk KiZ Zvici Zviv mevb wg j civgk Kij Avgiv ejjvg, KZKvj Avi Avgiv ivm~jyj vn (Qvt)- K Q o _vke Avi wzwbb ev KZKvj g vi cvnvo jv Z fxz-mš n q Vjv L q wdi eb ZLb Avgv `i ga nõ Z mëi Rb jvk Zuvi wbku hvîv Kijvg n¾ gšmy g Avgiv Zuvi m ½ wgwjz nõjvg Avgiv Zuvi m ½ wgwjz nõ Z AvK vevi wmwic _ cöwzkö wze nõjvg Avgiv GKRb `yõrb K i mevb Zuvi m ½ wgwjz nõjvg Avgiv Zuv K ejjvg, Avgiv Avcbvi nv Z wk mi Dc i evqôavz MÖnY Kie wzwb ej jb, Zvgiv Avgvi wbku GB k Z evqôavz MÖnY Ki h, Zvgiv Avgx ii K_v ïb e I gvb e Kg gyli mg q I Ajm gyn~ Z, A_ e q Ki e m QjZvq I Am QjZvq, Av `k Ki e mr Kv Ri Ges wb la Ki e Amr Kv Ri Zvgiv Avj vn&i c K_v ej e Avj vn&i c K_v ej Z Kvb wb `y Ki wb `v K fq Ki e bv Avi Avwg hlb Zvgv `i ILv b hve ZLb Zvgiv Avgv K mvnvh Ki e Ges hv wkqz _ K Zvgiv wb R `i Rxeb, x I mš vb `i i v Ki, Zrmgỳ q _ K Avgv K i v Ki e (G m ei wewbg q) Zvgv `i Rb RvbœvZ i q Q ey bvkvix e jb, AZtci Avgiv Zuvi wbku D V Mjvg Ges evqôavz MÖnY Kijvg AvmÔAv` Beby hvivivn Zuvi nvz aij m wqj ` ji g a eq m me P q QvU m ejj, n BqvQwieevmx GKUz _vg wzwb h Avj vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) m K_v R bb Avgiv DU nuvwk q GLv b G mwq AvR Zuv K GLvb _ K ei K i wb q hviqvi A_ mviv Avi ei we ivwazv Kuv a Zz j biqv, Zvgv `i kªôrb `i wbnz niqv Ges Zvgv `i Z jvqv ii cvkovi qi gy LvgywL niqv GLb f e wp š ej, Zvgiv wk Gme wel q ˆah a i _vk e Ges Avj vn&i wbku _ K cyi vi jvf Ki e, bvwk Kvcyi lzv ekz wb R `i Rxeb euvpv bvi fq Ki e? GUv Avj vn&i wbku Zvgv `i Ihi nõ Z cv i Zviv ejj, n AvmÔAv`, Avgv `i _ K `~i ni Avj vn&i Kmg! Avgiv GB evqôavz KLbB Z vm Kie bv Ges KLbB Zv wqbœ Kie bv ey bvkvix e jb, AZtci Avgiv Zuvi wbku D V Mjvg Ges evqôavz Kijvg wzwb Avgv `i _ K kz g~ j evqôavz MÖnY Ki jb Ges wewbg q wzwb Avgv `i RvbœvZ w` jb A_ vr RvbœvZ jv fi cöwzkö wz w` jbõ Avngv` nv/14496; wmjwmjv Qvnxnvn nv/63; gyëvdvk AvjvBn, wgkkvz nv/ Avngv` nv/14496; Qnxn Beby wneÿvb nv/6274; evqnvkx, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/

39 M íi gva g Ávb ev`kvni wepvi ev`kvn gvwjk kvn wq jb Av `vjy mi ( ú bi) ^vaxb myjzvb Zvi kl wqj nwiy wkkvi Kiv ZvB ivrkv h GKUz dzimz c jb nwiy wkkv ii D Ï k B úvnv bi R½ j Mgb Ki Zb GKw`b wkqz ˆmb wb q wzwb nwiy wkkv i ei nõ jb Ges e bi cv k GK MÖv g Ae vb wb jb mb MÖv g wqj GK Mixe weaev gwnjv m Zvi mš vb `i wb q GK cy KzwU i evm KiZ Zv `i eu P _vkvi Aej ^b ej Z wqj GKwU Mvfx, hvi `ya cvb K i Zvi wzbwu wkï jvwjz-cvwjz nõz wkš ev`kvni ARv š ˆmb iv mb MvfxwU h en K i L q djj weaev Zv `i Kv Q A bk KvKzwZ-wgbwZ Kij h, Zvi MvfxwU hb Zviv Q o `q KviY GUvB Zv `i Rxeb avi Yi GKgvÎ Aej ^b wkš ˆmb iv Zv K agk w` q Zvwo q w`j G Z Amnvq gwnjv Pv L AÜKvi `Lj Mvfx nvwi q m cvmjcövq n q Mj ˆmb `i Kv R euvav `Iqvi KD wqj bv e j d vjd vj K i ZvwK q Mvfx he ni ` k `Lv Qvov Zvi wkqzb Kivi wqj bv iv Z m Nygv Z cvij bv zavz wkï `i eykdvuv Kvbœv I wprkvi Zvi ü`q K Z-we Z Kij nvvr DrKÉvi Kz nwjkv f` K ii Zvi g b Avkvi cö`xc R j DVj h, ev`kvn h nzz b vqwepvik m nzz Aek B Zuvi Kv Q Gi mwvk wepvi cviqv hv e myzivs cözz lb m ev`kvni Kv Q hvevi Rb gbw i Kij wkš ev`kvni Kv Q cušqv Zvi Kv Q `yiƒn wqj BwZg a m Rvb Z cvij ev`kvn wkkv i ei n q Qb Ges AgyK vb w` q ivrcövmv ` wdi eb weaev gwnjvwu GB my hvm K nvzqvov bv K i B úvnv bi GK cöwm cy j `uvwo q _ K ev`kvni AvMg bi cöni Y Z jvmj wkqz Y c ib Awf hvm ck Kivi mb g n `ª YwU Dcw Z nõj ev`kvn cy ji Dci cušqvi mv _ mv _B weaev mvnm I `vc Ui mv _ ejj, Ô n Av `vjy mi myjzvb! Avgvi e vcv i GB cy ji Dc ib BbQvd Ki eb, bvwk Av Liv Zi cyjwqiv Z? Avcbvi huv cm ` e Q wbb weaevi K_vwU hb welv³ evb n q ev`kvni KwjRvq weu a Mj gwnjvi Ggb wbwf K I AKcU K_vq wkskz e weg~p ˆmb ivi G K Ac ii w` K ZvKvZvwK Ki Z jvmj ev`kvn `ª Z Nvov _ K b g mvmö n ej jb, Ô n gv! cyjwqiv Z wkqz Kivi KvbB mvg_ Avgvi bb, GB cy jb Avwg dvqqvjv Ki Z PvB Avcwb wbf q Avcbvi Awf hvm ck Ki b weaev Zv K mewkqz Ly j ejj NUbv ï b ev`kvn AwMœkg v n q M jb Ges Zvi Pv L µv ai Av b R j DVj mv _ mv _B wzwb Acivax ˆmb `i ` óvš g~jk kvw i e e v Ki jb Avi ˆmb `i Ggb wbcxo b Avd mvm I `ytl cökvk Ki jb ev`kvn MvfxwUi cwie Z weaev K 70wU Mvfx cö`vb Ki jb ev`kvni BbQv d weaev cöxz nõj Ges mš ó wp Ë Zvi KzwU i wd i Mj m vwbz cvvk gêjx! mb hvgvbvi Awf hvmkvixiv KZB bv mvnmx wq jb Avi kªeykvixivi KZeo b v qi cözxk wq jb, hv ez gvb mf Zvq iƒck_vi M íi gzb g b nq wkš Zv `i b vqcivqyzvi cöavb KviY wqj Zviv wq jb Avj vnfxi Av Liv Zi kvw K Zviv fxlyfv e fq c Zb mey Ri ey K jvj czvkvi GB ^vaxb evsjv ` ki kvmk `i ü`qzš x Z hw` GKevi Avj vnfxwzi `xcwklv R j I V, Z e evsjvi AvKv ki Dw`Z n e BbQv di mvbvjx m~h gnvb Avj vn&i mkv k Avgv `i webxz cöv_ bv wzwb hb mz i mb w` bi D b l NUvb Ges G `k I RvwZ K i v K ib- Avgxb! * Avãyj vn Avj-gvÔiƒd bi`vcvov gv`ivmv, ivrkvnx Iqvnxw`qv Bmjvwgqv jvb eªix GLv b Avwjqv I K Igx gv`ivmvi cvv cȳ K, nv`xq dvd Êkb evsjv `k cökvwkz mkj, cwîkv, wmww, wwwfww cviqv hvq GQvov L vzbvgv Avn jnv`xq jlkm Yi eb Ges Wv. RvwKi bv q Ki ebmg~n cvbkvix I LyPiv g~ j cviqv hvq D j L, ïµevi mn QzwUi w`b wj ZI jvb eªix Lvjv _v K hvmv hvm : Avãyj Iqvnx` web BDbym gv`ivmv gv K U (gmwr` M Ui mivmwi c~e w` K) ivyx evrvi, ivrkvnx gvevt ,

40 KweZv Avj vn gnvb Gd.Gg. bvqi j vn nvq`vi KvwVMÖvg, KvUvjxcvov, MvcvjMÄ Mfxi irbx `gkv evzvm Auvavi XvKv Nvi, kvš c w_ex Nywg q Av Q wb`ªvq we fvi Kzj-Kzj aÿwb eb Q nviqv cùv b`xi cv o, P `ª Zvivi cö`xc R j j eqi a i AvKvk cix Dév jv fjwk w` q hvq, Avj vn Zzwg AwZ gnvb Zvgvi Bkvivq ivz RvMvcvwL ej Q WvwK Avj vn gnvb Zzwg Zvgvi `qvq m wó mkj wek RMrf~wg Qye n Qvw`K k l RvMj fyeb gyqvhwh bi Avj vû AvKevi Wv K, fv ii Av jv DVj n m A`~i Muv qi duv K *** nk I evwzj gynv v` knx`yj vn bjîx, Mv`vMvox, ivrkvnx KziAvb-nv`xQ c qi hviv Mo Q we`ôavz KviLvbv, Qnxn nv`x Qi gz Qvo Q Zv BRgv-wKqvm Qvo Q bv e w³c~rvq AÜ n q KziAvb-nv`xQ fyj Q hviv, Qnxn nv`xq ej Z M j gbmov ivq ej Q Zviv ejyb Zv fvb nv`xq Q o BRgv-wKqvm wk gvbv hvq? nv`xq Q o BRgvq Avgj Kgb Zv `i we ek fvb? fyj ai j Qnxn-hCd `yõwub mwvk Kq Zviv, Qnxn nv`xq gvb e bv ZvB K i bvbvb cuvqzviv gbmov ivq g b g b n Q Zv `i w`j fvix, ZvB Zv Zviv nk cš x `i K i m`v wuukvix Bjg-Kvjvg wkqz bvb Zey gydzx e b hvq, bvbvb gvbyl åvš h nq Zv `i gy Li wgwó K_vq nk cš x `i K_v ï b K i Zviv fr mbv, Qnxn nv`xq ej Z M j ïb Z nq Xi MÄbv h hvb ejyk nk I evwzj KL bvb Zv wgk e bv, hzb Zviv dw ` AvUzK Ki K hz gš Yv G mv wkik-we`ôavz Q o AuvK o awi Avj-KziAvb, Z eb gviv cikv j jvf Kwie cwiîvy *** ZvejxMx BR Zgvi `viqvz Aveyj Kv mg Mvfxcyi, g nicyi Avn jnv`xq WvK w` q Q Pj m e BR Zgvq m j b h Z n e e m _vkvi bb mgq mevb wg j eme gviv BR Zgvi gq`v b ïbe ZvInx `i evyx, e³ e i gv S gv S n e Bmjvgx RvMiYx Rvnvbœvg wel q e³e hw`b ï bwq gvi Kv b, mw`b _ KB Avhv ei fq j M Q Avgvi cöv Y Av `vj bi bzv-kgx me GKwbô Z vmx gymjgvb, me wkqz wemr b w` qi Bmjv gi iv Lb m vb Avj vn&i evyx ï bwq mw`b e j Qb A bk fvb, mme Ag~j e³e gviv AvRI fywj bvb BR Zgvi fvly ïb j ev o mevi Cgvb, ZvB mlv b hvm`v b RvbvB mevb K AvnŸvb *** 39

41 mvbvgwy `i cvzv MZ msl vi mvaviy Ávb (hvkvz welqk)-gi mwvk DËi 1. 2q wnrix wgqkvj Z_v 85 MÖvg wgqkvj Z_v 595 MÖvg 4. C `i Puv` (kviqv ji Puv`) IVvi ci 5. C `i Qvjv Zi c~ e MZ msl vi mvaviy Ávb ( ^ `k)-gi mwvk DËi 1. m UgvwU b Øxc 2. knx` wgbv ii Qwe 3. nv mb knx` mvniviqv`x 4. BLwZqvi DÏxb gynv v` web elwzqvi LjRx 5. gynv v` Dj vn PjwZ gv mi mvaviy Ávb (cövyx RMr) 1. gvby li c i me P q eyw gvb cövyx KvbwU? 2. Kvb cövyx GK PvL Lvjv i L Nygvq? 3. AvKvkc _ MgbKvix me P q `ª ZMvgx cövyxi bvg wk? 4. Kvb gvq me P q ekx wwg cv o Ges KZwU? 5. Kvb ` k nvwzi Rb nvmcvzvj Av Q? msmö n : gynv v` Beivnxg Ljxj im~jcyi, KvgviL `, wmivrmä PjwZ gv mi gav cix v (auvav) 1. GKUzLvwb cykziuv wcz ji QvDwb gn bb e wó bb Zey c o cvwb 2. GKUzLvwb cyky i ˆK WMeM K i Kvb jv Ki mvnm bb jvd w` q a i 3. XD qi c i XD gvslv b e m Av Q jvu Qv n ei ed 4. gv Vi _ K Avmj Qv ne KvU-c v U c i KvU-c v U Lyj Z M j Pv L cvwb S i 5. Aí w` j nq bv eüz ekx w` j wel wpš v-fvebv K i eüz Av `vrgz w`m msmö n : ZixKzj Bmjvg mywi Uvjv, XvKv mvbvgwy msev` mvi `x, evmgviv, ivrkvnx 8 b f ^i ïµevi : A` mkvj mv o 10-Uvq mvi `x mikvix cöv_wgk we` vj q mvbvgwy kvlv MVb Dcj GK cöwk Y I Av jvpbv mfv AbywôZ nq kvlv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mfvcwz Rbve Avey mvc `i mfvcwz Z AbywôZ D³ cöwk Y cöavb AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ-gi K `ªxq A_ m úv`k I mvbvgwy mv ek K `ªxq mn-cwipvjk Avãyj nvjxg web Bwjqvm Ab v b i g a Av jvpbv K ib ÔhyemsNÕ ivrkvnx- DËi mvsmvwbk hjvi mn-mfvcwz Ges mvbvgwy Dc `óv Wv. gynv v` gynwmb, ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi Kgx nv dh knx`yj Bmjvg I gvnd hyi ingvb Abyôvb k l gynv v` AvÏvm K cwipvjk K i mvbvgwy kvlv cwipvjbv cwil` I Kg cwil` MVb Kiv nq Abyôv b KziAvb ZjvIqvZ K i mvbvgwy Bqvmgxb I RvMiYx ck K i Avãyj evix Avn jnv`xq Av `vjb Bqvi j Bmjvg euvk`nv, mvz xiv Avj vn&i weavb g b Pjv SvÊvevnx `j, n U bv wcqz evwz ji Kv Q, i q Q Cgvbx ej jlvq Zv `i n Ki `viqvz, K É AwMœSiv, nv`xq g Z P j m`v, gv b bv AvBb gbmov Øx bi Î K i bv Av cvl, av i bv evwz ji avi, Qnxn c _ P j m`v, hw`i Av m AZ vpvi n Ki c _i w`kv n q R vwj Z Q Av jv, bexi c _ Wv K Zviv, `~i Ki Z Pvq Kv jv Rvnvbœvg nõ Z euvpv Z Rvbvq Awn-i AvnŸvb, Pj j m c _ cikv j cv e cwiîvy bq bi gwy Kv djv, m h Avn jnv`xq Av `vjb, mevb cvk Av jvi w`kv, AUzU _vkzk n Ki evwz cör jb QvjvZ-wQqvg cuywr gvhnvi j Av e`xb ivgbmi, Mv Rvj, gvj`n cwðge½, fviz QvjvZ hw` Av`vq Ki Z cvi bexi gz K i, Keyj n e Avj vn&i Kv Q Mvbvn hv e S i bexi K_v gvb Z cvi j Avj vn K gvbv nq, Avj vn K Qvov Ab K gvb j Z vm~z gvbv Kq QvjvZ wqqvg hvkvz n¾ Kv jgv Ki cuywr, Avj vn&i bv g Gme Ki Z eb wzwb n eb ivhx dvwmk Av Q KcU Av Q Av Q A bk cvwr, RyeŸv Mv q driqv `q `Lvq KvimvwR Avj vn&i K_v bexi K_v `q bv `vg Iiv, gvhnve- wdikvi K_v Kej e j eovq Zviv I `i K_v ïb j Zzwg co e gnvduv `, e `Mxme e _v hv e cv e bv Kzj Ku ` *** 40

42 ^ `k-we `k gvwmk AvZ-ZvnixK Rvbyqvix- deª qvix Zg el 4_ -5g msl v ^ `k g vq wek KziAvb cöwz hvwmzvq nvexeyj vn&i 3q vb jvf m cöwz cweî KvÔev kix d me`x ev`kvn Avãyj Avhxh Avš R vwzk wndhyj KziAvb cöwz hvwmzvq 70wU ` ki g a XvKvi hvîvevox gvikvhyz Zvndxh B Uvib vkbvj gv`ªvmvi nv dh nvexeyj vn 3q vb jvf K i Q me`x ag gš x Qv jn web Avãyj Avhxh Av j kvql I KvÔev kix di Bgvg Avãyi ingvb mỳ vbm werqx nv dh nvexeyj vn&i nv Z µ, mvwu wd KU I bm` A_ Zy j `b GKB gv`ivmvi QvÎ nv dh Gg`v`yj vn PjwZ eq i me`x Avi ei RÏvq AbywôZ QvU `i wek KziAvb cöwz hvwmzvq cö_g vb AR b K i ZvQvov PjwZ eqi R` v b wek KziAvb cöwz hvwmzvq D³ gv`ªvmvi evwjkv kvlvi QvÎx nv dhv dvixnv Zvmbxg 40wU ` ki g a cö_g vb jvf K i D vwez iwob Avjy SyuwK Kgv e K vývi, ü` ivm I Wvqv ewu mi ` k bzyb Pvi cörvwzi iwob Avjy D veb K i Qb evsjv `k K wl wek we` vj qi (evk we) weávbxmy Gme Avjy Z cöpyi cwigv Y cywó Y hgb i q Q, Zgwb Gi djbi fvj cv e K lkiv Mvj Avjy-1, 2, 3 I Mvj Avjy-4 bv g G Avjy wj Z mv`v Avjyi Zyjbvq cöpyi cwigv Y A v š vmvqvwbb I d bvwjk K úvdê i q Q, hv A vw U-Aw W U G Z i q Q cöpyi Kv e vnvb W«U, cövwub, wfuvwgb I wgbv ij d vugy³ G Avjy fv Zi wekí wnmv e wbqwgz L j cö qvrbxq cywói Pvwn`v hgb c~iy n e, Zgwb ü` iv Mi SyuwK n«vm, Wvqv ewukm wbqš Y, eqte w RwbZ eyw n«vm iva Ki e Ges gvbe ` ni ivm cöwz iva gzv evov ZI mnvqzv Ki e GQvov D vwez G iwob Avjy Z ï c`v_ ewk _vkvq mn RB K lk wbr N i A bk w`b GwU msi Y Ki Z cvi eb e j Rvwb q Qb M elkmy M elk ` ji cöavb W. 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43 we `k mgy `ªi ey K GK gvbj `xn fvmgvb kni! wek evmx `vbe AvK wzi AÆvwjKv, myd P UvIqvi ` L Q Z e GeviB cö_g mevb K nzevk K i w` q hy³ivóª wfwëk GKwU ms v mvm ii ey K ˆZix Ki Z hv Q GK gvbj `xn Ôwd«Wg wkcõ bv gi fvmgvb kni! 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(m.m.)] 42

44 gymwjg Rvnvb MvÏvdx-DËi wjweqvq gyw³ I Dbœq bi `Lv g jwb wjweqvi ez gvb cvðvz mgw_ Z mikvi cövq 40 eqi hver wjweqv kvmbkvix gyqv vi MvÏvdxi cz bi wøzxq evwl Kx m cöwz cvjb Kij Z e MvÏvdxi cz bi ci wjweqvi RbMY h gyw³ I Dbœq bi Avkv K iwqj, Bmjvgcš xiv h Bmjvgx iv óªi ^cœ ` LwQj, Zvi `Lv g jwb; eis MvUv `k GK Mfxi ˆbiv R i g a wbgw¾z n q Q cöwzø Øx cvðvz cš x, Bmjvgcš x, Pigcš x wewfbœ `j-dc`j ` ki D Q Lj wgwjwkqv `i mv _ wg j ivr bwzk we iva K mk msnv Z cwiyz K i Q m cöwz Lv` cöavbgš x K AcniY Kiv n q Q hw`i c i Avevi Zuv K gyw³ `Iqv n q Q wgwjwkqv `i wei K_v ejvi Kvi Y nz v Kiv n q Q kz kz mvgwik Awdmvi, ag xq I mgvr bzv K MvÏvdxi cz b wb qvwrz cövq 3 j vwak wgwjwkqvi AwaKvskB A Rgv bv w` q wbr wbr GjvKvi Ici wbqš Y cöwzôvi Póv Ki Q ` ki cö Z K ivrbxwzkb `jxq msnv Z wbr ^ mk evwnbx e envi Ki Q we klz Zj Î wji wbqš Y wb q wewfbœ Mvôxi gv S msnvz Pi g D V Q BwZg a B ˆ`wbK Zj Drcv`b 15 jvl e v ij _ K 6 jvl e v i j b g G m Q Gw` K MZ 3 b f ^i wjweqvi c~e vâ j GK`j cöv `wkk bzv AvR`vexqv kn i AvbyôvwbKfv e AvÂwjK mikvi MVb K i Qb MZ 12 Rvbyqvix wmz wjwe n q wbnz n q Qb `kwui WcywU wkígš x nvmvb Avj-`ªDqx me wgwj q Avwd«Kvi G gymwjg `kwu Z hfv e mwnsm wefw³ `Lv w` q Q, Zv Z vqx M nhy i Ges K qkfv M wef³ n q hviqvi AvksKv µ g Nbxf~Z n Q [K_vq e j Ômy L L j f~ Z wkjvqõ Bmjv gi kî `i myomywo Z fy j gymjgv biv Zv `i bzv K nz v K i Q GLb wb Riv gi Q Avi dv q`v jyu Q jy Uivi `j ZvB Avj vn&i we kl ingz Qvov euvpvi Dcvq bb AZGe n wjweqvevmx! ZIev Ki (m.m.)] wnrv ei AbygwZ cj KvbvWvi gwnjv cywjk KvbvWvi A vwvgyš b wmwui gymwjg gwnjv cywjk Kg KZ v `i Bmjvgx kvjxb cvkvk ev wnrve civi AbygwZ `qv n q Q Gici _ K Zviv wnrve c i `vwqz cvjb Ki Z cvi eb KyiAvb welqk Avš R vwzk evz v ms v ÔBKbvÕ Rvwb q Q, Gi Av M KvbvWvi GB kn ii cywjk KZ c cywjk wefv M KvR Ki Z gymwjg gwnjv `i K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb gymwjg cywjk Kg KZ v `i K wnrve e env ii AbygwZ `qvi welqwu DÌvcb K iwqj wnrve e env ii welqwu Aby gv`b jv fi ci GLb _ K h Kvb gymwjg bvix Kvb ikg D ØM-DrKÉv QvovB Bmjvgx kvjxb cvkvk c i cywjk evwnbx Z hvm`vb Ki Z cvi eb gymwjg bvix `i wnrve e env ii AbygwZ `qvi e vcv i KvbvWvi A vwvgyš b wmwui cywjk evwnbxi c _ K GK wee wz Z ejv n q Q, A bk hvpvb-evqvb K i `Lvi ci GUv cögvwyz n q Q, wnrve e env ii Kvi Y gymwjg bvix Kg KZ v `i `vwqz cvj b Kvb mgm v n e bv Ges Kv RI e vnvz NU e bv D j L, KvbvWvi gvu RbmsL vi cövq wzb kzvsk n Q gymwjg Rb Mvôx [gvî wzb kzvsk gymwjg bvmwi Ki Rb hw` Zv `i agx q cvlvk ^xk Z nq, ZvnÕ j 90 kzvsk gymwj gi evsjv ` k wk vcöwzôv b gymwjg g q `i wnrv ei wei nvb Kv U i wb laváv Rvwi nq Kb? hw`i H Av `k KD gv b bv KviY Avj vn&i Av`vjZB eo Av`vjZ ZvB wepvicwz `i Avj vn K fq Kiv DwPZ (m.m.)] weávb I we q Avjy _ K we`ÿ r Drcv`b AíLi P we`ÿ r Drcv`b Ki Z wm q Avjy _ K we`ÿ r Drcv` bi cöhyw³ M elyvq bzybgvîv hvm Ki jb wneª BDwbfvwm wu Ad Ri hv j gi weávbx nbg ivwe bvdbp Avjyi Mv q j M _vkv bzyb meyr Kv Êi gz As ki m ½ m v wkqy avzy I Zvi ms hvm NwU q we`ÿ r Drcv` bi cöwµqvwu m úv`b Kiv n e G c wz Z GKwU Avjy e envi K i GjBwW jvb Ui gva g 40w`b ch š Kvb Ni Av jvwkz Kiv hv e G Z K i cöz š kni Ges MÖvgv j we`ÿ r Drcv`b Kiv hv e e j Rvwb q Qb ivwe bvdbp wzwb e jb, Avjy _ K we`ÿ r Drcv` bi cöwµqvwu cyi bv nõ ji Avjyi meyr Ask _ K Zv Kivi aviyv GUvB cö_g kvnrvjvj cöhyw³ wek we` vj q ˆZix n Q W«vb wegvb kvnrvjvj weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vj q ˆZix n Q gbyl wenxb W«vb wegvb wek we` vj qi K qkwu wefv Mi GK`j Zi Y M elk B jw±ªk vj A vû B j±«wb wefv Mi cöavb cö dmi W. gynv v` Rvdi BKev ji ZË veav b GB W«vb ˆZwii Kvh µg nv Z wb q Q BwZg a B W«v bi GKwU cix vg~jk wwrvbb ˆZix Kiv n q Q AvMvgx GwcÖj bvmv` GwU AvKv k Dov bv m e n e e j g b Ki Qb mswk óiv MZ eq ii GwcÖj _ K ïi niqv wegvbwui wwrvbb ˆZwii ci GLb cö qvrbxq B j±ªwbk wwfvbm ms hvr bi KvR Pj Q gbyl wenxb GB W«v b K v givi gva g wfwwiwpî Zvjv hv e GQvov ` ki mxgvbv cvnviv `Iqv, Dci _ K Zvr wyk Qwe Zvjv I AvenvIqv m ú K Z_ Rvbv, ij jvbb cvnviv mn wewfbœ DcKvi cviqv hv e Gevi Puv ` Pvlvev `i Av qvrb Gevi Puv ` Pvlvev `i j mlv b wzb ai bi Dw `i exr cvvv Q gvwk b gnvkvk M elyv ms v bvmv mlv b exr jv _ K Pviv MRv bvi Póv Kiv n e c w_exi evb i Kv_vI exr A¼ywiZ Kivi Póv GUvB cö_g bvmv Puv ` µm (mvjv ` e eüz cvzvwewkó Svj ^v `i kvk- MvQ), e vrj (cyw`bv ev a bcvzvi gz mymwühy³ j ) I kvjm gi exr cvvv bvi cwikíbv wb q G Mv Q GB exr jv we klfv e wbwg Z XvKbvhy³ GK cökvi avze cv Îi fz i ivlv n e jybvi c v U MÖv_ P ^vi bv gi G cv Î 10 w` bi Rb ch vß evzvm _vk e hv exr jv A¼ywiZ niqv Ges cuvp w`b e o IVvi Rb h _ó Z e G Î m~ h i cövk wzk Av jv e envi Kiv n e me kl GB cix v gnvkvkpvix `i Rb Puv ` Ae v bi mgq wbr ^ Lv` ˆZixi c_ mymg Ki e gyb G cöm Kg m~wpi Ask wnmv e 2015 mv j bzyb G wgk bi Kvh µg ïi n e gyb G cöm n Q Puv ` Awfhv bi evwywr K GKwU cökí bvmv Rvwb q Q, Puv ` Pviv Drcv` bi gva g P `ªc ô cöv Yi Aw Z i Dchy³ZvI g~j vqb Kiv h Z cv i P `ªc ô gvby li emevm I KvR Kivi mỳ xn cöz vkv c~i Yi c _ GUv cö_g c` c [c w_ex Z cövq wmwk gvbyl bv L q gi Q Zv `i mn R Lv` hvmv bvi dg ~jv Avwe vi Ki b Kbbv Avj vn gvbyl K c w_ex Avev` Kivi R b B GLv b cvwv q Qb (m.m.)] 43

45 msmvb msev` Av `vjb myax mgv ek evobcvov, Kvwjqv Ki, Mvhxcyi 11 A ±vei ïµevi : A` ev` RygÔAv Mvhxcyi hjvi Kvwjqv Ki _vbvaxb evobcvovq cökvk Avn jnv`xq Rv g gmwr ` ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjb evsjv `kõ I Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ Mvhxcyi hjvi D ` v M GK myax mgv ek AbywôZ nq Mvhxcyi hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mnmfvcwz Wvt gynv v` hevb Avjxi mfvcwz Z AbywôZ D³ mgv e k cöavb AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb ÔAv `vjbõ-gi K `ªxq mvaviy m úv`k Aa vck gvijvbv b~i j Bmjvg we kl AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb ÔAv `vjbõ-gi K `ªxq mvsmvwbk m úv`k Aa vck wmivryj Bmjvg, A_ m úv`k evnvi j Bmjvg, ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi K `ªxq fvicövß mvaviy m úv`k gynv v` Avãyi ikx` AvLZvi cöavb AwZw_ Zuvi fvl Y mkj gvhnve, gzev`, BRg I ZixKvi AbymiY ev` w` q cweî KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi Av jv K wb R `i mvwe K Rxeb M o Zvjvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb we kl AwZw_e ` Zuv `i msw ß fvl Y RvgvÔAvZx wh `Mxi i Z Zz j a ib Ges mevb K msmvbfy³ n q KvR Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb D³ myax mgv e k Ab v b i g a Dcw Z wq jb hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi cöwk Y m úv`k Wvt gynv v` dhjyj nk, hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mn-mfvcwz gynv v` hyev qi Abyôv bi mvwe K ZË veav b wq jb iscyi hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mv ek mfvcwz I mv ek K `ªxq KvDwÝj m`m gynv v` jvkgvb nvkxg me kl gvgjvi iv q ekmyi Lvjvm R½xev `i wfwënxb Awf hvm _ K gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ gy³ e ov 20 b f ^i eyaevi : A` wekvj 4-30 wgwb U e ov AwZwi³ Rjv I `vqiv RR Av`vjZ-3 nz vi Awf hv M `v qik Z gvgjv _ K gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ cö dmi W. gynv v` Avmv`yj vn Avj-Mvwje K ekmyi Lvjvm w` q Qb dvwjj vwnj nvg&` ivq kvbvi ci Dcw Z bzvkgx MY Aš ii Aš t j _ K Avj vn&i `iev i ïkwiqv Ávcb K ib A b K ïkwiqvi wmr`v K ib A bk Kgx i Pv Li KvY _ K S i c o Avb `vkö Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ Zuvi AvBbRxwe G vw fv KU Mvjvg ieÿvbx ivgvb I G vw fv KU gynv v` wmivryj Bmjvg K ab ev` Rvbvb `xn 8 eqi 8 gvm 28 w`b hver Pjv G gvgjvq mv x I ïbvbx k l ivóªc Awf hvm cögv Y e _ niqvq Av`vjZ G ivq cö`vb K ib Gi gva g wemz Pvi`jxq RvU mikvi KZ K lohš g~jkfv e `v qik Z 10wU gvgjvi me kl gvgjvwu ZI wzwb wb ` vl cögvwyz nõ jb BwZc~ e 6wU gvgjvq dvbbvj wi cvu I 3wU gvgjvq wzwb Av`vjZ KZ K ekmyi Lvjvm cövß nb gvgjvi weeiy : µt hjv _vbv ivq iv qi ZvwiL 1. ivrkvnx kvngl`yg GdAviwU wmivrmä Dj vcvov GdAviwU MvBevÜv Mvwe `MÄ GdAviwU bimvu cvikv GdAviwU MvcvjMÄ KvUvjxcvov GdAviwU MvBevÜv cjvkevox ekmyi Lvjvm e ov MveZjx ekmyi Lvjvm bimuv ivyxbmi GdAviwU e ov kvnrvnvbcyi ekmyi Lvjvm e ov kvnrvnvbcyi ekmyi Lvjvm D j L h, 2005 mv ji 22 deª qvix g½jevi w`evmz ivz 2-Uvq gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ cö dmi W. gynv v` Avmv`yj vn Avj-Mvwje mn ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjb evsjv `kõ I Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ-gi K `ªxq Pvi bzv K ZrKvjxb Pvi`jxq RvU mikvi cö_ g 54 avivq MÖdZvi K i AZtci wewfbœ hjvq evgvevwr, e vsk WvKvwZ I nz v gvgjv mn gvu 10wU wg_ v gvgjvq k vb G ió `Lvq AZtci XvKv, bimuv I wmivrm Ä gvu GK gvm wigvû mn 3 eqi 6 gvm 6 w`b Kvivi i L BwZnv mi ee ivwpz N Y Aa vq ipbv K i AZtci 2008 mv ji 28 AvMó wzwb nvb KvU _ K hvwg b gyw³ jvf K ib GB iv qi gva g D³ wfwënxb Awf hvm me vs k wg_ v cögvwyz nõj mb mv _ Kj¼gy³ nõj G ` ki kxl vbxq Øxwb msmvb ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjb evsjv `kõ I Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ wg_ vpv ii fq¼i _vev _ K wepvwik gyw³ c jb ` ki e iy wk vwe`, mvwnwz K I L vwzgvb Av jg cö dmi W. gynv v` Avmv`yj vn Avj-Mvwje ivq NvlYvi w`b Av`vj Z Dcw Z wq jb ÔAv `vjbõ-gi K `ªxq mvaviy m úv`k Aa vck gvijvbv b~i j Bmjvg, mvsmvwbk m úv`k Aa vck wmivryj Bmjvg, A_ m úv`k evnvi j Bmjvg, cöpvi m úv`k W. gynv v` mvlviqvz nvmvbb, M elyv I cökvkbv m úv`k Aa vck Avãyj jzxd, cöwk Y m úv`k W. gynv v` Kvexi j Bmjvg, ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi K `ªxq mfvcwz gyhvddi web gynwmb, mn-mfvcwz b~i j Bmjvg, AvjgviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx, bi`vcvov, ivrkvnxi Aa gvijvbv Avãyi ivh&hvk web BDmyd, gynvwïq gvijvbv Avãyj Lv jk mvjvdx, wk K gvijvbv dhjyj Kixg, i g Avjx, Avdhvj nvmvbb, kvgmyj Avjg Ges e ov I cvk ezx bv Uvi, bimuv, RqcyinvU, MvBevÜv-c~e, hjv ÔAv `vjbõ I ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi `vwqz kxj I wecyj msl K Kgx e ` ivq NvlYvi ci Zvr wyk cöwzwµqvq mvsevw`k `i wbku gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ e jb, hviv Avgv `i K wg_ v Acev ` KjswKZ K i Q, nvr Zi bv g Avgv `i Rxeb _ K A bk wj eqi wqwb q wb q Q, Zv `i e vcv i Avj vn&i Kv QB wepvi ibj wzwb G ai bi mikvix mš vm e Üi AvnŸvb Rvbvb Ges ez gvb wepvi e e v cwiez b K i ` k Bmjvgx wepvi e e v cöez bi Rvi `vex Rvbvb mb mv _ AÎ nz v gvgjvi 44

46 g~j Avmvgx `i MÖdZv ii `vex Rvbvb wzwb e jb, R½xev` GKwU wbk ó gzev` Bmjv gi mv _ Gi Kvb m úk bb ivq ciezx Av jvpbv mfv mvemövg, e ov : Av`vj Zi e Zv kl K i gvmwi ei mvgvb c~ e gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ I Dcw Z bzv-kgx MY kn ii DcK É mvemöv g Aew Z gv`ivmvzzj nv`xq Avmmvjvwdqvq Mgb K ib mlv b ev` gvmwie e ov hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi D ` v M AbywôZ ïkwiqv mgv e k gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ Zuvi cö`ë fvl Y e jb, Avj vn cv Ki A kl AbyMÖ n AvR GKwU `ytmn evsv b g Mj Avj vn hlb Kvb ev `v K ev `j K fvjev mb, ZLb Zv `i K evievi cix vq d jb Avgv `i wzwb cix v wb q Qb cix v k l Avj vn&i ingz bvwhj n q Q Avgiv gyw³ c qwq I Avj vn&i ïkwiqv Av`vq KiwQ mv _ mv _ ïkwiqv Av`vq KiwQ ` k I cöev m nvhvi nvhvi f³ Abymvix fvb- evb `i, hviv cövyf i Avgv `i Rb `vôav K i Qb we klfv e `vôav KiwQ e ovevmxi Rb Ges hjv msmv bi mk ji Rb, hviv cöwzwu nvwrivi w` b Zv `i me KvRKg d j Av`vj Z Avm Zb I mvwe K mn hvwmzv Ki Zb hv `i K ` L g b mvnm czvg I ü` q Drmvn czvg Avgiv cövyf i Zv `i I Zv `i cwiev ii Rb `vôav KiwQ, Avj vn hb BnKvj I cikv j Zv `i K Gi DËg Rvhv `vb K ib AZtci wzwb wb Ri Rb I Kgx `i Rb `vôav K ib hb Avj vn Avgv `i I Avgv `i mš vb `i mrkg kxj ev `v `i Aš f y³ K ib hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mfvcwz Rbve Avãyi inx gi mfvcwz Z AbywôZ D³ Av jvpbv mfvq Ab v b i g a e³e iv Lb ÔAv `vjbõ-gi K `ªxq cöpvi m úv`k I AvZ-ZvnixK m úv`k W. gynv v` mvlviqvz nvmvbb, Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ-gi K `ªxq mfvcwz gyhvddi web gynwmb, Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx, bi`vcvov, ivrkvnxi Aa gvijvbv Avãyi ivhhvk web BDmyd, AÎ gv`ivmvi wk K Rbve kvgmyj Avjg, gv`ivmvzzj nv`xq Avmmvjvwdqvi cwipvjk gynv v` Avãyj nvjxg cögyl Abyôv b Aviex Z e³e ck K i AÎ gv`ivmvi 7g kªyxi QvÎ BqvK e Avjx, KziAvb ZjvIqvZ K i 3q kªyxi QvÎ bvrgyq QvwK e Ges Bmjvgx RvMiYx cwi ekb K i 4_ kªyxi QvÎ Rvwn`yj Bmjvg Abyôv b mâvjk wq jb hjv ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi mv ek mfvcwz gynv v` Avãym mvjvg bi`vcvov, ivrkvnx : e ov _ K iiqvbv n q ivz 11-Uvq Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ bi`vcvov gvikv h cuš Qb gvikv hi cwðg cvk eo gmwr ` A c gvb ivrkvnx gnvbmi ÔAv `vjbõ, ÔhyemsNÕ I mvbvgwyõi `vwqz kxj I Kgx e `, gvikv hi QvÎ-wk K Ges vbxq myaxe `i mgš^ q ^Ztù Z GK ïkwiqv mgv ek AbywôZ nq ÔAv `vjbõ-gi K `ªxq M elyv I cökvkbv m úv`k Ges gvikv hi mn-mfvcwz Aa vck Avãyj jzx di mfvcwz Z AbywôZ D³ Av jvpbv mfvq gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ e jb, AvR K gvikv hi Rb Ges Avn jnv`xq Av `vj bi Rb GKwU Avb `Nb w`b `xn 8 eqi 8 gvm 28 w`b ci AvR Avgiv GKwU wbk ó Acev` _ K wepvwik gyw³ cjvg wkš Kb Gj GB ivóªxq wbh vzb? KviY Avgiv cöpwjz kqzvbx ZixKv Q o bexm Yi ZixKv Aej ^b K iwq gzvz š i A vqx c _ bv wm q AvK x`v cwiez bi vqx wec ei c _ wm qwq Avgiv P qwq Ggb GKwU Bmjvgx mgvr, hlv b _vk ebv cömwzi bv g Kvb wervzxq gzev`; _vk e bv Bmjv gi bv g Kvbiƒc gvhnvex mskxy Zvev` Avgiv e jwq, mkj weavb evwzj Ki, Awn-i weavb Kv qg Ki Avgiv RbMY K W KwQ- Avmyb! cweî KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x Qi Av jv K Rxeb Mwo d j c Q Z_vKw_Z cömwzev`xiv, c Q gbmov Bmjvgcš xiv Avgiv mikvi wec ei PvB Z mgvr wec e K AMÖvwaKvi w` qwq mvsmvwbkfv e Avgiv m KvRB K i hvw Q wbqwgz cwiph vi gva g hgb GKwU Pviv eo Mv Q cwiyz nq, Zgwb wbqwgz mvsmvwbk cö Póvi gva g GKwU mgvr cwiewz Z nq mrb Ab mewkqzi PvB Z msmvb me P q eo dih Avi mb msmvb me P q kw³kvjx, h msmv bi bzvkgx `i g a cvi úwik gneÿz me P q ekx cwi k l wzwb QvÎ-wk K I GjvKvevmx K ab ev` Rvwb q kl K ib Ab v b i g a e³e iv Lb Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ- Gi K `ªxq mfvcwz gyhvddi web gynwmb, Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx, bi`vcvov, ivrkvnxi Aa gvijvbv Avãyi ivhhvk web BDmyd cögyl Abyôv b mâvjk wq jb ÔAv `vjbõ-gi K `ªxq cöpvi m úv`k W. gynv v` mvlviqvz nvmvbb Abyôvb k l mevb QvÎ `i Av qvwrz ïkwiqvg~jk AvwZ _qzvq AskMÖnY K ib Avgx i RvgvÔAv Zi RqcyinvU mdi 24 b f ^i iweevi : ivrkvnx wek we` vj q wbr wefv M hvm`vbcî cö`v bi ci A` ev` hvni `ycyi cš b 2-Uvq gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ cö dmi W. gynv v` Avmv`yj vn Avj-Mvwje ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mv ek K `ªxq A_ m úv`k Rbve nvdxhyi ingv bi Kei hqvi Zi D Ï k ivrkvnx nõ Z Rqcyinv Ui D Ï k iibv nb cö_ g wzwb hjvi KvjvB _vbvaxb wkkuv MÖv g cuš Qb mlv b wzwb gvmwi ei QvjvZv š Dcw Z gyqj x `i D Ï k msw ß fvly cö`vb K ib AZtci Rbve nvdxhyi ingv bi Kei hqviz K ib Ges Zuvi gvmwdiv Zi Rb `vôav K ib AZtci Zuvi cö_gv xi evmfe b Mgb K ib Ges cwiev ii m`m `i D Ï k mvš bv I bqxnzg~jk e³e ck K ib Gmg q wzwb wewfbœ AvBbx evavi Kvi Y GZw`b hver Avm Z bv cvivq Mfxi `ytl cökvk K ib D j L h, Rbve nvdxhyi ingvb 2005 mv ji 22 b f ^i kwbevi w`evmz iv Z wemz Pvi`jxq RvU mikv ii loh š i wkkvi n q Ges cwîkvq Zuvi wei MÖdZvix c ivqvbv ` L Av `vjb-gi XvKv Awd m nvu dj K i gviv hvb AZtci ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mgvrkj vy ms v ÔZvInx` UªvóÕ-Gi mšr b cöwzwôz ÔKvjvB Kg c Õ-Gi D Ï k hvîv K ib Ges Kg c Rv g gmwr ` Gkvi QvjvZ Av`vq K ib QvjvZ k l ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vj bõi mv ek Kg x Rbve Avbxmyi ingvb ZvjyK`vi I Avjnv¾ gvnzveyïxb ZvjyK`vi Avgx i RvgvÔAv Zi mv _ Kzkj wewbgq K ib AZtci msw ß fvl Y gynzvivg Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ Dcw Z mkj K ÔAvn jnv`xq 45

47 Av `vjbõ-gi czvkvz j mg ez n q Øx b nk-gi wb jyl `viqvz mgv Ri me Î cuš Q `Iqvi D`vË AvnŸvb Rvbvb Kg c i cöwzôvzv mfvcwz wnmv e wzwb D³ Kg c i mkj Kg KvÊ Awn-i weavb Abyhvqx cwipvjbvi civgk `b gmwr ` msw ß Av jvpbv k l wzwb ivz 9-Uvi w` K idd bm i Avjnv¾ ihvdj Kix gi evox Z Mgb K ib mlv b Dcw Z wq jb idd bmi GjvKv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi `vwqz kxj Avjnv¾ gynv v` gvnd~hyi ingvb (g~jmövg), Rbve kvgmyj Avjg, gvijvbv Ljxjyi ingvb (evlov), gvijvbv mvbdzj Bmjvg (bvbvnvi) I Ab vb wewkó e w³em AZtci wzwb ivz mv o 9-Uvq euzjxi AbwZ`~ i Aew Z ZvjZjx grm n vpvix cwi`k b K ib AZtci Rqcyinv Ui D Ï k iibv nb RqcyinvU kn i cuš Q wzwb vbxq AvivgbMi Avn jnv`xq Rv g gmwr ` A c gvb Kg x I myax `i mv _ gz wewbgq K ib AZtci mlvb _ K Rbve nvdxhyi ingvb Qv n ei wøzxqv xi evmfe b hvb mlv b wzwb cwiev ii m`m `i D Ï k mvš bv I Dc `kg~jk e³e ck K ib AZtci Avgx i RvgvÔAvZ RvgvjM Äi D Ï k iibv nb mlv b MZ 2iv b f ^i g Zz eiykvix hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi Dc `óv I wg_ v gvgjvq Kviv wbh vzb fvmkvix Rbve gynv v` B`ixm Avjxi Kei hqviz K ib Ges Zuvi gvmwdiv Zi Rb `vôav K ib Zvici Zuvi evox Z AvwZ _qzv MÖnY K ib Ges cwiev ii mkj K ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjbõ-gi czvkvz j _ K Awn-i weavb Abyhvqx mvwe K Rxeb cwipvjbvi Dc `k `b AZtci ivz 11-Uvq iiqvbv n q ivz 3-Uvq wzwb ivrkvnx gvikv h cuš Qb Avgx i RvgvÔAv Zi mdim½x wq jb ÔAv `vjbõ-gi K `ªxq gyevwj M gynv v` kixdzj Bmjvg, Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avmmvjvdx bi`vcvovi wk K kvgmyj Avjg, QvÎ nv dh gviƒd Ges e ov hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mfvcwz Rbve Avãyi inxg, mgvrkj vy m úv`k idxkzj Bmjvg I `dzi m úv`k QnxgyÏxb cögyl md ii mvwe K ZË veav b wq jb RqcyinvU hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mfvcwz Rbve gvnd~hyi ingvb Ges ÔAv `vjbõ I Ôhyems NÕi `vwqz kxj Kgx e ` Bgvg cöwk Y ejivgcyi (Avwidcyi), cvebv 25 ww m ^i eyaevi : A` mkvj mvqv 8-Uvq hjvi m`i vbvaxb ejivgcyi (Avwidcyi) Avn jnv`xq Rv g gmwr ` ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjb evsjv `kõ I Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ cvebv hjvi D ` v M GK Bgvg cöwk Y AbywôZ nq hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mfvcwz gvijvbv ejvjyïx bi mfvcwz Z AbywôZ D³ cöwk Y wewfbœ wel q i Z c~y cöwk Y cö`vb K ib ÔAv `vjbõ-gi K `ªxq cöwk Y m úv`k I gvwmk AvZ-ZvnixK-Gi mnkvix m úv`k W. gynv v` Kvexi j Bmjvg, ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi K `ªxq mfvcwz gyhvd&di web gynwmb, XvKv hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mv ek mfvcwz gvijvbv Avgvbyj vn web BmgvCj I Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx, bi`vcvov, ivrkvnxi Aa gvijvbv Avãyi ivh&hvk web BDmyd cögyl Ab v b i g a e³e ck K ib hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi cöpvi m úv`k Rbve Avãyj KzÏ~m I gv`ivmv `vi j nv`xq, euvkevrvi, cvebvi wk K gvijvbv gykviid nvmvbb Abyôv bi mvwe K e e vcbv I cwipvjbvq wq jb ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjbõ me`x Avie kvlvi cöpvi m úv`k mvnive Avjx Abyôv b hjvi wewfbœ GjvKv _ K AvMZ 120 Rb Bgvg I 3 kzvwak Kgx I myax Dcw Z wq jb gvwmk ZvejxMx BR Zgv Kzwóqv-cwðg 8 b f ^i ïµevi : A` mkvj 9-Uvq ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjb evsjv `kõ Kzwóqv-cwðg mvsmvwbk hjvi D ` v M ag `n ga cvov Avn jnv`xq Rv g gmwr ` ÔgvwmK ZvejxMx BR ZgvÕ AbywôZ nq hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mfvcwz Rbve Mvjvg whj wkewiqv mfvcwzz K ib wzwb `i m KziAvb, e³e I RygÔAvi Lyrev cö`vb K ib Ab vb `i g a e³e ck K ib hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mnmfvcwz bvwhi Lvb, hjv hyems Ni mn-mfvcwz AvãyQ Qvgv`, Mi ov kvlv Av `vj bi mfvcwz BDbym Avjx cögyl wewfbœ kvlv n Z Kgx `i Dcw wz wqj cövq 300 Rb D j L h, cvk ezx MÖv gi 3 Rb bzzb Avn jnv`xq fvb `i cwiwpwz cö`vb Kiv nq dvwjj vwnj nvg` `ke vcx Kzb~ Z bv hjvn cvv hy ev we kl Kvb wec` _ K i v cviqvi Rb Avj vn&i wbk U QvjvZiZ Ae vq ivm~j (Qvt) wewfbœ mg q wewfbœ e w³ ev kw³i wei GgbwK GKgvm hver Kzb~ Z bv hjvn cvv K i Qb mb mybœvz Abymi Y ` k mv cöwzk Pig ivr bwzk Aw izvi Aemv bi Rb Avj vn&i ingz Kvgbv K i ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjb evsjv `kõ-gi K `ªxq wb ` kbv Abyhvqx MZ 1 gvm hver `ke vcx Kzb~ Z bv hjvn cvv Kiv n q Q hyemsn cwðg `ŠjZcyi, evmgviv, ivrkvnx 15 b f ^i ïµevi : A` ev` gvmwie hjvi evmgviv _vbvaxb cwðg `ŠjZcyi c~e cvov Avn jnv`xq Rv g gmwr ` Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ- Gi D ` v M GK Av jvpbv mfv AbywôZ nq vbxq wewkó e w³z Avjnv¾ wcqvie -Gi mfvcwz Z AbywôZ D³ Av jvpbv mfvq cöavb AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb ÔhyemsNÕ- Gi K `ªxq A_ m úv`k Avãyj nvjxg web Bwjqvm we kl AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb ÔhyemsNÕ ivrkvnx-dëi mvsmvwbk hjvi mn-mfvcwz I evmgviv Dc hjvi mfvcwz Wv. gynv v` gynwmb Ab v b i g a e³e ck K ib ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi Kgx nv dh knx`yj Bmjvg RvMiYx cwi ekb K ib BmgvCj cöevmx msev` g`xbv, me`x Avie 6B b f ^i eyaevi : A` ev` gvmwie Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq kvlvi D ` v M web jv `b K úvwbi gmwr ` GK Av jvpbv mfv AbywôZ nq gmwr `i Bgvg kvql gynv v` mvc `i mfvcwz Z AbywôZ D³ Av jvpbv mfvq cöavb AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx, bi`vcvov, ivrkvnxi Aa gvijvbv Avãyi ivhhvk web BDmyd we kl AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb Ôevsjv `k 46

48 Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ-gi K `ªxq mfvcwz gyhvddi web gynwmb Ab v b i g a Dcw Z wq jb ÔhyemsNÕ g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq kvlvi mvaviy m úv`k nv dh gykviig web gynwmb I mvsmvwbk m úv`k Mvjvg wkewiqv Abyôv b cövq wzb kzvwak evsjvfvlx Kgx I myax Dcw Z wq jb g`xbv, me`x Avie 7B b f ^i e n úwzevi : A` ev` gvmwie Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq kvlvi D ` v M gmwr ` beexi cvk ez x GKwU LRyi evmv b GK Av jvpbv mfv AbywôZ nq gynv v` b~i j û`vi mfvcwz Z AbywôZ D³ Av jvpbv mfvq cöavb AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx, bi`vcvov, ivrkvnxi Aa gvijvbv Avãyi ivhhvk web BDmyd we kl AwZw_ wnmv e Dcw Z wq jb Ôevsjv `k Avn jnv`xq hyemsnõ-gi K `ªxq mfvcwz gyhvddi web gynwmb, XvKv hjv ÔAv `vjbõ-gi mv ek mfvcwz gvijvbv Avgvbyj vn web BmgvCj Ab v bi g a Dcw Z wq jb ÔhyemsNÕ g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq kvlvi `vwqz kxje ` D³ Abyôv b Avãyj nvgx` (ewikvj)- K mfvcwz I Avgxbyj Bmjvg (Uv½vBj)- K mvaviy m úv`k K i 14 m`m wewkó ÔAvn jnv`xq Av `vjb evsjv `kõ nvivg (gmwr ` beex) kvlv MVb Kiv nq Abyôv b cövq kzvwak evsjvfvlx Kgx I myax Dcw Z wq jb Abyôv b mâvjk wq jb ÔhyemsNÕ g`xbv Bmjvgx wek we` vjq kvlvi mvaviy m úv`k nv dh gykviig web gynwmb gvikvh msev` 1. Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvg Avm-mvjvdx, bi`vcvov, ivrkvnx : evsjv `k gv`ivmv wk v ev W i Aax b AbywôZ Rywbqi `vwlj mvwu wd KU (JDC) cix v Z GB gv`ivmv _ K 49 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 21 Rb wrwcg-5 (A+), 27 Rb wrwcg-4 (A), 1 Rb wrwcg-3 (A-) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q Be Z`vqx mgvcbx cix vq Gevi GB gv`ivmv _ K 125 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 51 wrwcg-5 (A+), 57 Rb wrwcg-4 (A), 10 Rb wrwcg-3.5 (A-), 3 Rb wrwcg-3 (B) Ges 3 Rb wrwcg-2 (C) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q 1Rb AK ZKvh n q Q kªô 20wU gv`ivmvi g a câg : evsjv `k gv`ivmv wk v ev W i Aax b 2013 mv j AbywôZ Be Z`vqx mgvcbx cix vq gavi w`k w` q ` ki kxl 20wU gv`ivmvi g a AvjgviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx 5g vb AwaKvi K i Q 2. `vi j nv`xq Avngvw`qv mvjvwdbqvn, euvkvj, mvz xiv : G gv`ivmv _ K Rywbqi `vwlj mvwu wd KU (JDC) cix vq Gevi 16 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 6 Rb wrwcg-5 (A+), 4 Rb wrwcg-4 (A), 5 Rb wrwcg-3 (A-) Ges 1 Rb wrwcg-3 (B) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q Be Z`vqx mgvcbx cix vq Gevi GB gv`ivmv _ K 26 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 19 wrwcg-4 (A), 5 Rb wrwcg 3.5 (A-) Ges 2 Rb wrwcg-3 (B) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q 3. Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx, Kvjw`qv, ev MinvU : Be Z`vqx mgvcbx cix vq Gevi 8 Rb QvÎ AskMÖnY K i Zv `i g a 3 Rb wrwcg-4 (A), 1 Rb wrwcg- 3.5 (A-), 1 Rb wrwcg-3 (B) Ges 3 Rb wrwcg-2 (C) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q 4. gv`ivmvzzj nv`xq Avm-mvjvwdqv, mvemövg, e ov : G gv`ivmv _ K Rywbqi `vwlj mvwu wd KU (JDC) cix vq Gevi 4 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 2 Rb wrwcg-5 (A+), 2 Rb wrwcg-4 (A) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q Be Z`vqx mgvcbx cix vq Gevi GB gv`ivmv _ K 7 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 7 wrwcg-4 (A) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q 5. e -Kzwóqv `vi j nv`xq Avm-mvjvwdqv Zvndxhyj KziAvb, e ov : G gv`ivmv _ K Rywbqi `vwlj mvwu wd KU (JDC) cix vq Gevi 5 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 3 Rb wrwcg-5 (A+), 1 Rb wrwcg-4 (A), 1 Rb wrwcg-3 (A-) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q Be Z`vqx mgvcbx cix vq Gevi GB gv`ivmv _ K 10 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 1 Rb wrwcg-5 (A+), 9 Rb wrwcg 3.5 (A-) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q 6. gw `cyi-pvkjv mvjvwdqv gv`ivmv, MveZjx, e ov : Be Z`vqx mgvcbx cix vq Gevi GB gv`ivmv _ K 5 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 2 Rb wrwcg-5 (A+), 2 Rb wrwcg-4 (A), 1 Rb wrwcg-2 (C) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q 7. mvnvievux wmgggm `vwlj gv`ivmv, Mvsbx, g nicyi : G gv`ivmv _ K Rywbqi `vwlj mvwu wd KU (JDC) cix vq Gevi 5 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 1 Rb wrwcg-4 (A), 1 Rb wrwcg-3 (A-) Ges 2 Rb wrwcg-3 (B) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q Amȳ Zvi Kvi Y 1 Rb Abycw Z wqj Be Z`vqx mgvcbx cix vq Gevi GB gv`ivmv _ K 12 Rb wk v_x AskMÖnY K i Zb a 2 Rb wrwcg-4 (A), 3 Rb wrwcg-3 (B), 5 Rb wrwcg-2 (C) Ges 2 Rb wrwcg-1 (D) MÖW c q DËxY n q Q cöpwjz A _ Avn jnv`xq Kvb gvhnv ei bvg bq; Bnv wb f Rvj Bmjvgx Av `vj bi bvg 47

49 gzvgz Avwg Avj vn K me e j w`e dmey Ki GKwU vuvm ü` q nvnvkv ii cöwzaÿwb Zyj Q Aweivg gvbyl KZUv mb Z cv i? Pv Li Kvbœv cvwb n q S i e j ` k gvb wkš ü` qi Kvbœv? i³ iy? Kvb kã, evk, cöwzwµqv w` q gvcv hvq Gi MfxiZv? mvgvwrk gva g vuvmwu Qwo q c o Q me Î wmwiqvi wzb eq ii GK hy vnz wkï g Zÿ i Kv j X j covi wvk AvM gyn~ Z ejj, ÔAvwg Avj vn K me e j w`e!õ wkïwui i³gvlv QwewUi w` K ZvKv jb ey S biqv hvq m Avj vni Kv Q Kx ej e mf Zvi Øvw ØK hy Pj Q G Ø Ø wek v mi, G Ø Ø Av` k i GKwU Av`k K cöz vl vb Ki Z nq Av ikwu Av`k w` q Rv ii hyw³ w` q bq; hyw³i Rvi w` q gzv, kw³, Rvi w` q Av`k K gvkv ejv Ki Z M jb Ø Ø Zxeª n q I V mb Øvw ØK hy Av`k evbiv KL bv KL bv civwrz nõ ji Zv `i wek v mi civrq N U bv wek vmx Zv m-b, h cö qvr b Rxeb w` qi cögvy Ki Z cv i ÔAvgvi wek v mi cöwz Avwg AwePjÕ wmwiqvb GB wkïwu mf Zv, hy, Ø Ø, Av`k - G jv nq Zv cwi vi K i eys Z cv iwb wkš Zvi wek vm KZ cöej! ÔAvwg Avj vn K me e j w`e!õ m wbwðz h, m Avj vn&i Kv Q wd i hv Q ïay Zv-B bq; Avj vn&i Kv Q m bvwjk Ki e! hviv Zv K g i Q, ïaygvî wek vmx niqvi Kvi Y hviv Zv K i³v³ K i Q, hviv Zvi Av`k K Av`k w` q cöwznz bv K i ey ju Qy o g i Q, Zv `i wei m Avj vn&i Kv Q bvwjk Ki e GQvov Avi Kx ev Kivi Av Q QvÆ GB wkïwui! c w_exi Kv iv Kv Q m Awf hvm K iwb Kv iv Kv Q m Zv K gvivi wepvi Pvqwb m Rv b Ges mevb K Rvwb q w` q Mj, GB Av`k nxb GK PvLv we eknxb we k i Kv Q wek vmx `i wkqy PvB Z bb G GgbB GK wek hlv b gvbevwakv ii msávb wbwg Z nq wkqy gvbyl K ÔAgvbylÕ we epbv K i G GgbB GK wek, hlv b kw³aiiv- gzvevbiv hv ej e, Zv-B mz c~e wzgy ii hv viv nq ^vaxbzvkvgx, Avi AvivKvb I Kvk x ii hv viv nq R½x wksev wew QbœZvev`x Kv jv-mv`vi Zdvr NvPv Z g v Êjvi f~wgkv BwZnvm n q _vk e, m `n bb wkš `o nvhvi eqi Av M gynv v` (Qvt) Kvj ejvj K cö_g gyqvhwhb evwb qwq jb ey ev` wb q Kvb Av jvpbvq GB D`vniY w` Z cvi eb bv w` jb Avcwb Ôe vk W UWÕ wksev gšjev`x/cöwzwµqvkxj Ggb GKwU b vqåó c w_exi Kv Q wek vmx `i wkqy PvIqvi bb Zv `i mg PvIqv Avj vn&i Kv Q evsjv ` ki wek v mi GB Ø Ø wµqvkxj GLv bi Av`k K civwrz Kivi Rb Av ikwu Av` k i cwie Z e Q biqv nq ey ju- evgv-a GKRb wek vmx gvbyl cökœnxbfv e g b Pj Z PvB e Avmgvbx evyx K Zvi Kv Q KyiAvb K wek vm Kivi A_ nõj, KyiAvb wb ` wkz c _ Rxeb cwipvjbv Kiv KyiAv bi weavbmg~n Rvbv Ges m jv g b Pjv GLb KyiAvb hw` mgvr e` ji K_v e j, KyiAvb hw` Avj vn&i mve fšg Z i K_v e j, ZvnÕ j Zv mb KvRwUB Zv K Ki Z n e hw` KD g b K i KyiAvb G jv e jwb, Zv K muv cögvy Ki Z n e Avi hw` KD e j, mgvr e` ji Rb KyiAv bi P qi fvj Kvb iwmwc Zvi Kv Q Av Q, ZvnÕ j m mb Av` k i w` K gvbyl K WvK e gvbyl hwu g b bq Av` k i Reve Av`k w` q w` Z n e wkš `ytlrbk nõj, evsjv ` k Av` k i GB D`viZv bb cövqb cwîkvq `Lv hvq, wrnv`x eb D vi Gi gv b wk? wrnv`x eb wk Kvb wbwl eb? ZvnÕ j mevi Av M Zv KyiAvb wbwl Ki Z n e; KyiAv b kzvwak RvqMvq wrnv `i K_v ejv n q Q Kvb wlªóvb wksev wn `y ag vej ^x K hw` wbr a g i Kvb ebmn cviqv hvq, Zv K wk MÖdZvi Kiv n e? wgwwqv, mikvi, cy iv ivóªhš Gfv e wek vmx `i Dci AvNvZ nvb Q m ú~y AivR bwzk niqvi c ii, ïaygvî wek v mi Kvi Y, Kvb msmvb K ejv n Q R½x ZvnÕ j Kx Kiv? ÔAvwg Avj vn K me e j w`e!õ-gb nvk wek vmx `i kl Avkªq * idxkyh&hvgvb i gvb wek we` vjq wk K I Kjvg jlk 48