FIZIKA ANGOL NYELVEN JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI ÚTMUTATÓ

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1 Fizika angl nyelven emelt szint 0804 ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA 010. május 18. FIZIKA ANGOL NYELVEN EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI ÚTMUTATÓ OKTATÁSI ÉS KULTURÁLIS MINISZTÉRIUM

2 In marking the examinatin papers fllw the instructins f the evaluatin guide, making clear crrectins and cmments. PART ONE In the multiple-chice questins, the are due fr the crrect answer as given belw. Enter the scres (0 r ) in the grey rectangles next t the individual questins as well as the ttal scre in the table at the end f the questin paper. PART TWO The candidate shuld expund his pinins abut the chsen tpic in a cntinuus, cherent cmpsitin using whle sentences, thus sketchy answers cannt be accepted. The nly exceptins are the labels f sketches r explanatry ntes added t the figures. Pints can nly be awarded fr the facts r data pinted ut in the evaluatin guide if they are mentined in the apprpriate cntext. Tick the crrect statements, and write the awarded pints t the margin f the sheets, as well as indicate the pint in the evaluatin guide accrding t which the credits were given. Als enter the scres in the table belw part tw. PART THREE The lines in the evaluatin guide printed in italics define the steps necessary fr the slutin. The indicated number f pints is due if the activity r peratin described in italics can be clearly identified in the wrk f the candidate, and it is basically crrect and cmplete. Where the activity can be divided int smaller steps, the subttals are indicated next t each line f the expected slutin. The sample slutin as given in the evaluatin guide is nt necessarily cmplete. It aims t illustrate what kind f slutin (length, types, depth, details, etc) is expected f the candidate. The remarks in brackets at the end f the unit give further guidance in the judgement f pssible errrs, differences, and incmplete answers. Crrect slutins using a different reasning frm the ne(s) given in the evaluatin guide are als acceptable. The lines in italics help in judging the apprpriate prprtins, i.e. what part f the full scre can be awarded fr the crrect interpretatin f the questin, fr setting up relatinships between quantities, fr calculatin, etc. If the candidate cmbines steps and expresses the result algebraically withut calculating quantities shwn by the evaluatin guide but nt asked fr in the riginal prblem, award full mark fr these steps, prvided that the reasning is crrect. The purpse f giving intermediate results and the crrespnding subttals is t make the marking f incmplete slutins easier. Take ff pints nly nce fr errrs nt affecting the crrectness f reasning (e.g. miscalculatins, slips f the pen, cnversin errrs, etc.) If the candidate s respnse cntains mre than ne slutin r mre than ne attempt withut making clear which ne they want t be assessed, assume that the last versin is the final versin (i.e. the ne at the bttm f the page if there is n ther way t decide the rder.) If the candidate s respnse cntains a mixture f elements f tw different chains f reasning, evaluate nly ne f the tw. Select the ne that is mre favurable fr the candidate. The lack f units during calculatin shuld nt be cnsidered a mistake if it des nt cause an errr in the result. The answers t the questins asked by the prblem, hwever, are nly acceptable with the apprpriate units. írásbeli vizsga 0804 / május 18.

3 PART ONE 1. A. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A r D 10. B 11. D 1. B 13. D 14. B 15. C Award fr each crrect answer. Ttal 30 pints írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

4 PART TWO In all three tpics all subttals can be further divided. 1. Secrets f Phtgraphy Stating the lens frmula: 1 pint Defining the fcal length, bject and image distances: pints Lcatin f the lens when a distant bject is phtgraphed; reasning with the lens equatin: 3 pints (1 pint withut reasning.) Lcatin f the lens when a clse bject is phtgraphed; reasning with the lens equatin: 3 pints (1 pint withut reasning.) Determining the image distance if the picture is taken abut an bject lcated at infinity: (1 pint withut reasning.) Adjustments which regulates the amunt f light which passes the lens f the camera: 1+1 pints Time and area f the diaphragm (the area f the aperture). It is easier t take the picture f a mving bject if the time is shrt, but the amunt f light is given in this case the crss sectin f the aperture must be increased and the image is blurred an less sharp. (If the candidate mentins nly the advantage f shrt time award 1 pint.) Stating the mst imprtant difference between the classical and digital methds f phtgraphy. The tw pints are nly due if it is clearly stated that in case f classical phtgraphy the picture is fixed by a chemical way, and in case f digital pictures electric signals are stred. (Award nly 1 pint if the candidate nly states that in case f the digital phtgraphy there is n film.) Ttal 18 pints írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

5 . Mass and Its Measurement Stating Newtn s nd law: Describing the dynamical methd f the measurement f the inertial mass: 3 pints Descriptin f the determinatin f mass with the help f the weight f the bject, and reasning the applicability f the methd: +3 pints It is suppsed that the bjects which have the same weights have the same inertia, (s they have the same acceleratins if equal frces are exerted n them. (The 3 pints are due if it is clear frm the answer that the candidate clearly understands the theretical difference between the inertial mass and the gravitatinal mass. It is nt necessary t use the terms inertial mass and gravitatinal mass. Methds fr the measurement f the mass f an bject: 3+3+ If the candidate refers t a previusly mentined methd crrectly the ttal subttal is due. Ttal 18 pints írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

6 3. Saturated and Unsaturated Vapur Qualitative descriptin f relative humidity: Stating that the relative humidity depends n the temperature: Cncept f saturated vapur, stating the characteristics: 3 pints 1 pints +1+1 pints It is enugh t mentin that at a certain temperature a characteristic vapur pressure and a density belngs t the saturated state. Neither their symbls nr their precise names (e.g.: equilibrium vapur density, saturatin vapur pressure) are necessary. Descriptin f the cntinuus isthermal cmpressin f unsaturated water vapur, drawing the p-v diagram: 4+ Explanatin why breath becmes visible in winter: Explanatin f the frmatin f dew: Ttal 18 pints írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

7 Assessing the presentatin accrding t the descriptin f the exam. Grammar: 0-1- The essay is clear, understandable and cntains grammatically crrect sentences. There are n spelling mistakes in the scientific terms, names and ntatins. Cherence f the text: pints The essay is cmplete and can be understd as a whle; The cmpsitin is cherent, the set f ideas described by the candidate is cnsistent, and clear. If the candidate wrte less than 100 wrds, n pints can be rewarded fr the presentatin. If the chsen tpic is nt clear, evaluate the ne, which was written last. írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

8 Prblem 1 Data: m =10 kg, m v = 3, μ = 0. 4, s PART THREE m α = 30, η = 0. 6, h = 10 m and g = 10 s a) Setting up an equatin fr the frces: 1 pint (An apprpriate figure can be accepted.) Determining the frces and the calculating the pulling frce pints F pulling = m g sin α + μ m g csα = 84.6 N Calculating the useful pwer f the electric hist: P = F u pulling v 1 pint Calculatin f the electric pwer f the hist: pints η P =, P = 43 W electric P u electric b) Applying Newtn s secnd law fr the bject: Calculatin f the frces and the acceleratin: m m a = m g sinα μ m g csα, a = 1.54 s Calculating the time while the bject slides dwn: s t = a h = = 5.1s a sinα 1 pint pints pints Ttal: 1 írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

9 Prblem Data: c water m = kg, = 1000 C, = 60 C = 0 C m = 4. kg irn kj = kg, C T 0 MJ L =.5, kg T cmmn c irn T 1 J = 465 kg C water Determining the heat released by the irn: Qirn = cirn mirn ( T 0 Tcmmn) = J Determining the heat absrbed by that prtin f water which warmed up: Qwater = cwater mwater ( Tcmmn T1 ) = 7040 J Determining the heat absrbed during the biling prcess: Q = Q irn Qwater J pints pints pints Expressing the heat absrbed during the biling prcess in terms f the mass f the water which became steam, and calculating this mass: 4 pints (it can be further divided) Q = m steam ( c water 80 C L) frm which m kg + steam Ttal: 10 pints írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

10 Prblem 3 Stating the cnnectin between the energy f the phtns in the spectrum, and the atmic energy levels: E phtn = E E 1 Stating the cnnectin between the energy f a phtn and its wavelength: h c E phtn = λ (Other frms f this frmula can be accepted as well.) Determining the transitins: + + λ 1 = 405 nm : K 5p 4s transitin λ = 696 nm : K 4d 4p transitin λ = 768 nm: K 4p 4s transitin 3 Stating that there is ptassium in the gas but there is n sdium: 1 pint (The answer that there is n sdium in the gas can nly be accepted if the candidate fund all the three transitins f the ptassium.) If the candidate changed the energy levels frm ev t Jule crrectly, but did nt calculate anything else, award nly tw pints. Ttal: 11 pints írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

11 Prblem 4 All subttals can be further divided. Data: R = 0.5 MΩ, C = 4 μf a) Writing the frmula fr the vltage acrss the capacitr as a functin f time: U C = Q C I t = C U t = = R C V 1 s t 6 pints (It can be further divided) Drawing the graph f the functin: b) Determining the energy f the capacitr: 3 pints E 1 - = U C ( t= 8s) = C J c) Calculatin the heat dissipated in the resistr: 3 pints W R = U t / R = J Ttal: 14 pints írásbeli vizsga / május 18.

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