Control Engineering BDA30703

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Control Engineering BDA30703"

Transcription

1 Control Engineering BDA30703 Lecture 3: Performance characteristics of an instrument Prepared by: Ramhuzaini bin Abd. Rahman

2 Expected Outcomes At the end of this lecture, students should be able to; 1) Explain the differences between the static and dynamic characteristics of an instrument. 2) List the static and dynamic characteristics of an instrument 3) Elaborate the static calibration process Topics Learning: 1) Static characteristics 2) Static calibration 3) Dynamic characteristics 2

3 1.0 Static characteristics Definition The steady state relationship between input and output of an instrument Measurement of quantities that are constant or vary quite slowly with respect to time. It does not involve differential equations. All the static performance characteristics are obtained by one form or another via a process called static calibration. 3

4 Precise vs Accurate 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) Measurements that are close to each other are precise. Measurements that are close to the correct value are accurate. Measurements can be: Precise but inaccurate Neither precise nor accurate Precise and accurate 4

5 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) Example Three industrial robots were programmed to place components at a particular point on a table. The target point was the center of a circle shown below. The results are: (a) Low precision and low accuracy (b) Precise but not accurate (c) Precise and accurate 5

6 Output of device 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) Inaccuracy/measurement uncertainty Is the extent to which a reading might be wrong, and is often quoted as percentage of the full-scale (f.s) reading of an instrument. Tolerance Ideal device accuracy at % of f.s Value of measurand defines as the maximum error that is to be expected in some value. 6

7 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) Range or span Defines as the minimum and maximum values of a quantity that the instrument is designed to measure. Threshold A certain minimum level of input that an instrument has to reach before the output reading is of a large enough magnitude to be detectable. Resolution A lower limit on the magnitude of the change in the input measured quantity that produces an observable change in the instrument output. 7

8 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) Linearity The input and output relationship of a linear transducer can be represented by the following equation: y = mx + c where y is the output of transducer, x is the input of transducer, m is the slope of curve (transfer function), c is the offset. Often, the straight line approach is used for certain range of operation for a non-linear system. It is highly desirable that the measurement system has a linear relationship between input and output means that the change in output is proportional to the change in the value of the measurand. Deviation from true linearity is called linearity error. 8

9 Sensitivity 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) Sensitivity is the ratio of change in magnitude of the output to the change in magnitude of the measurand Sensitivity=Δ(output)/Δ(input) Sensitivity vs nonlinearity 9

10 Hysteresis 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) Hysteresis results in predictable error. May be due to internal friction, freeplay or looseness in the mechanism of an instrument. Also in electrical phenomena (relation between the output voltage and the input field current in a d.c. generator) - the effect is due to magnetic hysteresis of the iron in the field coils. The transfer functions differ with the increase and decrease of inputs. 10

11 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) Instrument characteristic with hysteresis 11

12 Dead space 1.0 Static characteristics (cont. d) defines as the range of different input values over which there is no change in output value. Instrument characteristic with dead space 12

13 2.0 Static calibration Imagine a situation in which all inputs (desired, interfering or modifying) except one are kept at some constant values. The one input under study is varied over some range of constant values which causes the output(s) to vary over some range of constant values. The input/output relationships developed in this way comprise a static calibration valid under the stated constant conditions of all other inputs. The procedure may be repeated for other inputs for overall instrument static behaviour Ultimate objective is to define measurement accuracy 13

14 3.0 Dynamic characteristics The dynamic characteristics of a measuring instrument describe its behavior between the time a measured quantity changes value and the time when the instrument output attains a steady value in response. Instruments rarely respond instantaneously to changes in the measured variables due to such things as mass, thermal capacitance, fluid capacitance or electrical capacitance There are three most common variations in the measured quantity: step change linear (ramp) change sinusoidal change The static characteristics of measuring instruments are concerned only with the steadystate reading that the instrument settles down to, such as the accuracy, etc 14

15 3.0 Dynamic characteristics (cont. d) Zero order instrument Following a step change in the measured quantity at time t, the instrument output moves immediately to a new value at the same time instant t. A potentiometer, which measure motion, is a good example of such an instrument, where the output voltage changes instantaneously as the slider is displaced along the potentiometer track. q o = Kq i Note: K is instrument sensitivity Zero order instrument characteristic 15

16 3.0 Dynamic characteristics (cont. d) First order instrument First order instrument characteristic A large number of measuring instruments belong to this first class order. (e.g., liquid-in-glass thermometer) It is necessary to take account of the time lag that occurs between a measured quantity changing in value and the measuring instrument indicating the change where: q o = K 1 + τs q i K is instrument sensitivity τ is time constant 16

17 3.0 Dynamic characteristics (cont. d) Second order instrument Second order instrument characteristic The shape of the step response depends on the value of the damping ratio parameter ξ. The output responses of a second order instrument for various value of ξ following a step change in the value of the measured quantity at time t are shown in the figure. q o q i = Kω 2 s 2 + 2ξωs + ω 2 K is instrument sensitivity, ω is undamped natural frequency and ξ is damping ratio 17

18 Exercise What is the meaning of the following words: Measurand Physical quantity Data Parameter Transducer Actuator 18

19 Answers Measurand: Physical quantity being measured Physical quantity: Variable such as pressure, temperature, mass, length, etc Data: Information obtained from the instrumentation/measurement system as a result of the measurements made of the physical quantities Parameter: Physical quantity within defined (numeric) limits. Transducer: A device that converts one form of energy to another Actuator: Electronic transducer that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy 19

Instrument types and performance characteristics

Instrument types and performance characteristics 2 Instrument types and performance characteristics 2.1 Review of instrument types Instruments can be subdivided into separate classes according to several criteria. These subclassifications are useful

More information

COURSE OF Prepared By: MUHAMMAD MOEEN SULTAN Department of Mechanical Engineering UET Lahore, KSK Campus

COURSE OF Prepared By: MUHAMMAD MOEEN SULTAN Department of Mechanical Engineering UET Lahore, KSK Campus COURSE OF Active and passive instruments Null-type and deflection-type instruments Analogue and digital instruments In active instruments, the external power source is usually required to produce an output

More information

INC 331 Industrial Process Measurement. Instrument Characteristics

INC 331 Industrial Process Measurement. Instrument Characteristics INC 331 Industrial Process Measurement Instrument Characteristics Introduction Measurement is the experimental process of acquiring any quantitative information. When doing a measurement, we compare the

More information

Control Engineering BDA30703

Control Engineering BDA30703 Control Engineering BDA30703 Lecture 4: Transducers Prepared by: Ramhuzaini bin Abd. Rahman Expected Outcomes At the end of this lecture, students should be able to; 1) Explain a basic measurement system.

More information

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS LABORATORY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS LABORATORY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS LABORATORY Group 02 Asst. Prof. Dr. E. İlhan KONUKSEVEN FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN MEASUREMENT AND EXPERIMENTATION MEASUREMENT ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTY THE ERROR IN A MEASUREMENT

More information

Instrument types and performance characteristics

Instrument types and performance characteristics 2 Instrument types and performance characteristics 2.1 Review of instrument types Instruments can be subdivided into separate classes according to several criteria. These subclassifications are useful

More information

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN MEASUREMENT & EXPERIMENTATION (continued) Measurement Errors and Uncertainty:

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN MEASUREMENT & EXPERIMENTATION (continued) Measurement Errors and Uncertainty: FUNDAMENTAL CNCEPTS N MEASUREMENT & EXPERMENTATN (continued) Measurement Errors and Uncertainty: The Error in a measurement is the difference between the Measured Value and the True Value of the Measurand.

More information

Control Engineering BDA30703

Control Engineering BDA30703 Control Engineering BDA30703 Lecture 2: Introduction to measurement and instrumentation Prepared by: Ramhuzaini bin Abd. Rahman Expected Outcomes At the end of this lecture, students should be able to;

More information

Characteristics of instruments

Characteristics of instruments Characteristics of instruments Accuracy Accuracy is a property of a complete measurement rather than a single element. Accuracy is quantified using measurement error: E = measured value true value = system

More information

MECHATRONICS SYSTEM DESIGN (MTE-401) 2 hr Lecture on 15 th Sep 2014

MECHATRONICS SYSTEM DESIGN (MTE-401) 2 hr Lecture on 15 th Sep 2014 MECHATRONICS SYSTEM DESIGN (MTE-401) 2 hr Lecture on 15 th Sep 2014 COURSE DETAILS 3 Credit hour theory = 3 hours teaching per week Course Book Mechatronics Electronic control systems in Mechanical and

More information

4/3/2019. Advanced Measurement Systems and Sensors. Dr. Ibrahim Al-Naimi. Chapter one. Introduction to Measurement Systems

4/3/2019. Advanced Measurement Systems and Sensors. Dr. Ibrahim Al-Naimi. Chapter one. Introduction to Measurement Systems Advanced Measurement Systems and Sensors Dr. Ibrahim Al-Naimi Chapter one Introduction to Measurement Systems 1 Outlines Control and measurement systems Transducer/sensor definition and classifications

More information

Chapter 3. Lecture 3 Chapter 3 Basic Principles of Transducers. Chapter 3 - Definitions. Chapter 3. Chapter 3 7/28/2010. Chapter 3 - Definitions.

Chapter 3. Lecture 3 Chapter 3 Basic Principles of Transducers. Chapter 3 - Definitions. Chapter 3. Chapter 3 7/28/2010. Chapter 3 - Definitions. Lecture 3 Basic Principles of ransducers By Hung Nguyen Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics Learning Outcomes: p. 3-3 Contents of : resistance transducers capacitance transducers inductance transducers

More information

Sensors and transducers

Sensors and transducers Sensors and transducers Measurement is an important subsystem of a mechatronics system. Its main function is to collect the information on system status and to feed it to the micro-processor(s) for controlling

More information

AMJAD HASOON Process Control Lec4.

AMJAD HASOON Process Control Lec4. Multiple Inputs Control systems often have more than one input. For example, there can be the input signal indicating the required value of the controlled variable and also an input or inputs due to disturbances

More information

Transducers. ME 3251 Thermal Fluid Systems

Transducers. ME 3251 Thermal Fluid Systems Transducers ME 3251 Thermal Fluid Systems 1 Transducers Transform values of physical variables into equivalent electrical signals Converts a signal from one form to another form 2 Types of Transducers

More information

FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS

FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS FEEDBAC CONTROL SYSTEMS. Control System Design. Open and Closed-Loop Control Systems 3. Why Closed-Loop Control? 4. Case Study --- Speed Control of a DC Motor 5. Steady-State Errors in Unity Feedback Control

More information

Measurement Systems. Lecture 7- Combination of Component Errors in Overall System-Accuracy Calculations

Measurement Systems. Lecture 7- Combination of Component Errors in Overall System-Accuracy Calculations Measurement Systems Lecture 7- Combination of Component Errors in Overall System-Accuracy Calculations Hamid Ahmadian School of Mechanical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology ahmadain@iust.ac.ir

More information

STATIC & DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

STATIC & DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEM STATIC & DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEM The performance characteristics of an instrument are mainly divided into two categories: i) Static characteristics ii) Dynamic characteristics Static

More information

Sensing and Sensors: Fundamental Concepts

Sensing and Sensors: Fundamental Concepts Sensing and Sensors: Fundamental Concepts 2015 Sensitivity Range Precision Accuracy Resolution Offset Hysteresis Response Time Source: sensorwebs.jpl.nasa.gov Human Physiology in Space" by Barbara F. Abuja

More information

QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING UNIT I - INTRODUCTION SYLLABUS

QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING UNIT I - INTRODUCTION SYLLABUS QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM NAME OF THE SUBJECT NAME OF THE FACULTY : II / IV : EE6404 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION : K.M.S.MUTHUKUMARA RAJAGURU, AP/EEE

More information

ME 515 Mechatronics. Overview of Computer based Control System

ME 515 Mechatronics. Overview of Computer based Control System ME 515 Mechatronics Introduction to Sensors I Asanga Ratnaweera Department of Faculty of Engineering University of Peradeniya Tel: 081239 (3627) Email: asangar@pdn.ac.lk Overview of Computer based Control

More information

Discipline Course-I Semester-II

Discipline Course-I Semester-II Discipline Course-I Semester-II Paper No: Electricity and Magnetism Lesson: Lesson 7.2: Basic Parameters associated with the Lesson Developer: Sh. N. K. Sehgal and Dr. Chetana Jain College/ Department:

More information

CHAPTER 7 STEADY-STATE RESPONSE ANALYSES

CHAPTER 7 STEADY-STATE RESPONSE ANALYSES CHAPTER 7 STEADY-STATE RESPONSE ANALYSES 1. Introduction The steady state error is a measure of system accuracy. These errors arise from the nature of the inputs, system type and from nonlinearities of

More information

Topic 1.2 Measurement and Uncertainties Uncertainty and error in measurement. Random Errors

Topic 1.2 Measurement and Uncertainties Uncertainty and error in measurement. Random Errors Uncertainty and error in measurement Random Errors Definition of Random Error Random errors are sources of uncertainties in the measurement, whose effect can be reduced by a repeated experiment, and taking

More information

ik () uk () Today s menu Last lecture Some definitions Repeatability of sensing elements

ik () uk () Today s menu Last lecture Some definitions Repeatability of sensing elements Last lecture Overview of the elements of measurement systems. Sensing elements. Signal conditioning elements. Signal processing elements. Data presentation elements. Static characteristics of measurement

More information

Coverage: through entire course material (updated July 18, 2017) Terminology/miscellaneous. for a linear instrument:

Coverage: through entire course material (updated July 18, 2017) Terminology/miscellaneous. for a linear instrument: Boston University ME 310: Summer 017 Course Notes Prof. C. Farny DISCLAIMER: This document is meant to serve as a reference and an overview, and not an exclusive study guide for the course. Coverage: through

More information

Lab Experiment 2: Performance of First order and second order systems

Lab Experiment 2: Performance of First order and second order systems Lab Experiment 2: Performance of First order and second order systems Objective: The objective of this exercise will be to study the performance characteristics of first and second order systems using

More information

MOCK cet paper II 2012 (PHYSICS)

MOCK cet paper II 2012 (PHYSICS) MOCK cet paper II 2012 (PHYSICS) 1. The equations of two sound waves are given by Y 1 = 3 sin 100πt and Y 2 = 4 Sin 150 πt. The ratio of the intensities of sound produced in the medium is 1)1:2 2) 1:4

More information

What happens when things change. Transient current and voltage relationships in a simple resistive circuit.

What happens when things change. Transient current and voltage relationships in a simple resistive circuit. Module 4 AC Theory What happens when things change. What you'll learn in Module 4. 4.1 Resistors in DC Circuits Transient events in DC circuits. The difference between Ideal and Practical circuits Transient

More information

(Refer Slide Time: 02:27)

(Refer Slide Time: 02:27) MEMS & Microsystems Prof. Santiram Kal Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture No. # 02 Introduction to Microsensors So, in

More information

Core practical 12: Calibrate a thermistor in a potential divider circuit as a thermostat

Core practical 12: Calibrate a thermistor in a potential divider circuit as a thermostat Core practical 12 Teacher sheet circuit To determine the temperature variation of a thermistor To design a potential divider circuit that can be used to control temperature Specification links Although

More information

Measurement Techniques for Engineers. Motion and Vibration Measurement

Measurement Techniques for Engineers. Motion and Vibration Measurement Measurement Techniques for Engineers Motion and Vibration Measurement Introduction Quantities that may need to be measured are velocity, acceleration and vibration amplitude Quantities useful in predicting

More information

SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS

SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS Electrical Measurements International Program Department of Electrical Engineering UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA ANDRITTO ABDUL GHAFFAR ANDHIKA ADIEL INSANI Lecturer : Ir. Chairul Hudaya, ST, M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM

More information

Lecture 19. Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity

Lecture 19. Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements Lecture 19 Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity Measuring Accepleration and

More information

Sensor Characteristics

Sensor Characteristics Lecture (3) Sensor Characteristics (Part Two) Prof. Kasim M. Al-Aubidy Philadelphia University-Jordan AMSS-MSc Prof. Kasim Al-Aubidy 1 3. Computation of Stimulus: The main objective of sensing is to determine

More information

10 Measurement of Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Transducers

10 Measurement of Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Transducers Chapter 10: Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Measurement Dr. Lufti Al-Sharif (Revision 1.0, 25/5/2008) 1. Introduction This chapter examines the measurement of acceleration, vibration and shock. It starts

More information

Siddharth Institute of Engineering & Technology

Siddharth Institute of Engineering & Technology SIDDHARTH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY :: PUTTUR (AUTONOMOUS) (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu) (Accredited by NBA & Accredited by NAAC with A Grade) (An ISO 9001:2008

More information

Lecture - 2A Instruments-I

Lecture - 2A Instruments-I Engineering Metrology Prof. J. Ramkumar Department of Mechanical Engineering & Design Programme Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Dr. Amandeep Singh Oberoi Department of Industrial & Production Engineering

More information

(A) (B) (D) (C) 1.5. Amplitude (volts) 1.5. Amplitude (volts) Time (seconds) Time (seconds)

(A) (B) (D) (C) 1.5. Amplitude (volts) 1.5. Amplitude (volts) Time (seconds) Time (seconds) Reminder: Lab #1 : Limitations of A/D conversion Lab #2 : Thermocouple, static and dynamic calibration Lab #3 : Conversion of work into heat Lab #4 : Pressure transducer, static and dynamic calibration

More information

Introduction To Metrology

Introduction To Metrology Introduction To Metrology Meaning of Metrology Metrology is the science of measurement. Metrology may be divided depending upon the quantity to be measured like metrology of length, metrology of time.

More information

Conventional Paper-I-2011 PART-A

Conventional Paper-I-2011 PART-A Conventional Paper-I-0 PART-A.a Give five properties of static magnetic field intensity. What are the different methods by which it can be calculated? Write a Maxwell s equation relating this in integral

More information

Glossary Innovative Measurement Solutions

Glossary Innovative Measurement Solutions Glossary GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR TRANSDUCERS, LOAD CELLS AND WEIGH MODULES This purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive, alphabetical list of terms and definitions commonly employed in the

More information

Review of Basic Electrical and Magnetic Circuit Concepts EE

Review of Basic Electrical and Magnetic Circuit Concepts EE Review of Basic Electrical and Magnetic Circuit Concepts EE 442-642 Sinusoidal Linear Circuits: Instantaneous voltage, current and power, rms values Average (real) power, reactive power, apparent power,

More information

Biomedical Instrumentation System

Biomedical Instrumentation System BME/EECS 458 - Biomedical Instrumentation & Design Matt O Donnell I.0 Introduction What is a biomedical instrument? To many it s an EKG machine, to others it s a chemical biosensor, and to some it s a

More information

Process Control and Instrumentation Prof. A. K. Jana Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Process Control and Instrumentation Prof. A. K. Jana Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Process Control and Instrumentation Prof. A. K. Jana Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 10 Dynamic Behavior of Chemical Processes (Contd.) (Refer Slide

More information

Stepping Motors. Chapter 11 L E L F L D

Stepping Motors. Chapter 11 L E L F L D Chapter 11 Stepping Motors In the synchronous motor, the combination of sinusoidally distributed windings and sinusoidally time varying current produces a smoothly rotating magnetic field. We can eliminate

More information

Sensors and Transducers. mywbut.com

Sensors and Transducers. mywbut.com Sensors and Transducers 1 Objectives At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: describe the principle of operation of various sensors and transducers; namely.. Resistive Position Transducers.

More information

EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE UNIT 28 FURTHER MATHEMATICS FOR TECHNICIANS OUTCOME 3 TUTORIAL 1 - TRIGONOMETRICAL GRAPHS

EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE UNIT 28 FURTHER MATHEMATICS FOR TECHNICIANS OUTCOME 3 TUTORIAL 1 - TRIGONOMETRICAL GRAPHS EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE UNIT 28 FURTHER MATHEMATICS FOR TECHNICIANS OUTCOME 3 TUTORIAL 1 - TRIGONOMETRICAL GRAPHS CONTENTS 3 Be able to understand how to manipulate trigonometric expressions and apply

More information

Appendix A: Exercise Problems on Classical Feedback Control Theory (Chaps. 1 and 2)

Appendix A: Exercise Problems on Classical Feedback Control Theory (Chaps. 1 and 2) Appendix A: Exercise Problems on Classical Feedback Control Theory (Chaps. 1 and 2) For all calculations in this book, you can use the MathCad software or any other mathematical software that you are familiar

More information

Subject: BT6008 Process Measurement and Control. The General Control System

Subject: BT6008 Process Measurement and Control. The General Control System WALJAT COLLEGES OF APPLIED SCIENCES In academic partnership with BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Question Bank Course: Biotechnology Session: 005-006 Subject: BT6008 Process Measurement and Control Semester:

More information

Basic RL and RC Circuits R-L TRANSIENTS: STORAGE CYCLE. Engineering Collage Electrical Engineering Dep. Dr. Ibrahim Aljubouri

Basic RL and RC Circuits R-L TRANSIENTS: STORAGE CYCLE. Engineering Collage Electrical Engineering Dep. Dr. Ibrahim Aljubouri st Class Basic RL and RC Circuits The RL circuit with D.C (steady state) The inductor is short time at Calculate the inductor current for circuits shown below. I L E R A I L E R R 3 R R 3 I L I L R 3 R

More information

Unit 3 Transducers. Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers

Unit 3 Transducers. Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers Unit 3 Transducers Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers Introduction to transducers A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to other form. It converts the measurand to a usable electrical

More information

Dynamics of Ocean Structures Prof. Dr. Srinivasan Chandrasekaran Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

Dynamics of Ocean Structures Prof. Dr. Srinivasan Chandrasekaran Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Dynamics of Ocean Structures Prof. Dr. Srinivasan Chandrasekaran Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module - 1 Lecture - 13 Undamped and Damped Systems II (Refer Slide

More information

Lecture 4: Losses and Heat Transfer

Lecture 4: Losses and Heat Transfer 1 / 26 Lecture 4: Losses and Heat Transfer ELEC-E845 Electric Drives (5 ECTS) Marko Hinkkanen Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering Autumn 215 2 / 26 Learning Outcomes After this lecture and

More information

ET3-7: Modelling I(V) Introduction and Objectives. Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal Systems

ET3-7: Modelling I(V) Introduction and Objectives. Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal Systems ET3-7: Modelling I(V) Introduction and Objectives Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal Systems Objectives analyse and model basic linear dynamic systems -Electrical -Mechanical -Thermal Recognise the analogies

More information

Dynamic Redesign of a Flow Control Servo-valve using a Pressure Control Pilot

Dynamic Redesign of a Flow Control Servo-valve using a Pressure Control Pilot Dynamic Redesign of a Flow Control Servo-valve using a Pressure Control Pilot Perry Y. Li Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Email:

More information

Square-wave External Force in a Linear System

Square-wave External Force in a Linear System Square-wave External Force in a Linear System Manual Eugene Butikov Annotation. The manual includes a description of the simulated physical system and a summary of the relevant theoretical material for

More information

Experiment 4. RC Circuits. Observe and qualitatively describe the charging and discharging (decay) of the voltage on a capacitor.

Experiment 4. RC Circuits. Observe and qualitatively describe the charging and discharging (decay) of the voltage on a capacitor. Experiment 4 RC Circuits 4.1 Objectives Observe and qualitatively describe the charging and discharging (decay) of the voltage on a capacitor. Graphically determine the time constant τ for the decay. 4.2

More information

C(s) R(s) 1 C(s) C(s) C(s) = s - T. Ts + 1 = 1 s - 1. s + (1 T) Taking the inverse Laplace transform of Equation (5 2), we obtain

C(s) R(s) 1 C(s) C(s) C(s) = s - T. Ts + 1 = 1 s - 1. s + (1 T) Taking the inverse Laplace transform of Equation (5 2), we obtain analyses of the step response, ramp response, and impulse response of the second-order systems are presented. Section 5 4 discusses the transient-response analysis of higherorder systems. Section 5 5 gives

More information

Video 5.1 Vijay Kumar and Ani Hsieh

Video 5.1 Vijay Kumar and Ani Hsieh Video 5.1 Vijay Kumar and Ani Hsieh Robo3x-1.1 1 The Purpose of Control Input/Stimulus/ Disturbance System or Plant Output/ Response Understand the Black Box Evaluate the Performance Change the Behavior

More information

FATIMA MICHAEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

FATIMA MICHAEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FATIMA MICHAEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Senkottai Village, Madurai Sivagangai Main Road, Madurai - 625 020. An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

More information

Impedance. Reactance. Capacitors

Impedance. Reactance. Capacitors Impedance Ohm's law describes the relationship between current and voltage in circuits that are in equilibrium- that is, when the current and voltage are not changing. When we have a situation where the

More information

Rotational Motion. Figure 1: Torsional harmonic oscillator. The locations of the rotor and fiber are indicated.

Rotational Motion. Figure 1: Torsional harmonic oscillator. The locations of the rotor and fiber are indicated. Rotational Motion 1 Purpose The main purpose of this laboratory is to familiarize you with the use of the Torsional Harmonic Oscillator (THO) that will be the subject of the final lab of the course on

More information

Outline. Classical Control. Lecture 2

Outline. Classical Control. Lecture 2 Outline Outline Outline Review of Material from Lecture 2 New Stuff - Outline Review of Lecture System Performance Effect of Poles Review of Material from Lecture System Performance Effect of Poles 2 New

More information

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK. Sub Code/Name: ME 1304/Engineering Metrology & Measurements Year/Sem :III/ V UNIT-I

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK. Sub Code/Name: ME 1304/Engineering Metrology & Measurements Year/Sem :III/ V UNIT-I DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Sub Code/Name: ME 1304/Engineering Metrology & Measurements Year/Sem :III/ V UNIT-I CONCEPT OF MEASUREMENT Part- A (2 Marks) 1. Differentiate between

More information

Unit 57: Mechatronic System

Unit 57: Mechatronic System Unit 57: Mechatronic System Unit code: F/60/46 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 5 OUTCOME 2 TUTORIAL 2 - SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES 2 Understand electro-mechanical models and components in mechatronic systems and products

More information

DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Kevin Street, Dublin 8.

DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Kevin Street, Dublin 8. Question Sheet Page 1 of 5 Instructions for the student: Question 1 is compulsory [40 marks] Attempt any two other questions [30 marks per question] The following must be made available during the examination:

More information

: INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL COURSE CODE : 6071 COURSE CATEGORY : A PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE

: INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL COURSE CODE : 6071 COURSE CATEGORY : A PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE COURSE TITLE : INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL COURSE CODE : 6071 COURSE CATEGORY : A PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPIC PERIODS 1 Measuring Instruments

More information

Lecture 6: Time-Dependent Behaviour of Digital Circuits

Lecture 6: Time-Dependent Behaviour of Digital Circuits Lecture 6: Time-Dependent Behaviour of Digital Circuits Two rather different quasi-physical models of an inverter gate were discussed in the previous lecture. The first one was a simple delay model. This

More information

Alternating Current Circuits

Alternating Current Circuits Alternating Current Circuits AC Circuit An AC circuit consists of a combination of circuit elements and an AC generator or source. The output of an AC generator is sinusoidal and varies with time according

More information

Laboratory I: Impedance

Laboratory I: Impedance Physics 33, Fall 2008 ab I - Exercises aboratory I: Impedance eading: ab handout Simpson hapter if necessary) & hapter 2 particularly 2.9-2.3) ab Exercises. Part I What is the input impedance of the oscilloscope

More information

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK Name : INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS Code : A70343 Class : IV B. Tech

More information

Resistance and Conductance

Resistance and Conductance 1 2 1 Resistance and Conductance Resistance, R (Ohm ), is the tendency of a material to impede the flow of electric charges through it. The instantaneous voltage across a resistor is directly proportional

More information

Module 4: Dynamic Vibration Absorbers and Vibration Isolator Lecture 19: Active DVA. The Lecture Contains: Development of an Active DVA

Module 4: Dynamic Vibration Absorbers and Vibration Isolator Lecture 19: Active DVA. The Lecture Contains: Development of an Active DVA The Lecture Contains: Development of an Active DVA Proof Mass Actutor Application of Active DVA file:///d /chitra/vibration_upload/lecture19/19_1.htm[6/25/2012 12:35:51 PM] In this section, we will consider

More information

HCL Series Miniature compensated low pressure sensors

HCL Series Miniature compensated low pressure sensors FEATURES 0... 5 to 0... 5, differential or gage Calibrated and temperature compensated Matched pressure volumes Miniature SMT and SIL housings RoHS compliant SPECIFICATIONS Maximum ratings EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

More information

SPH3U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS

SPH3U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS SPH3U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS REVIEW: MATH SKILLS L (P.651; 653) Many people believe that all measurements are reliable (consistent over many trials), precise (to as many decimal places as possible), and accurate

More information

Introduction to Process Control

Introduction to Process Control Introduction to Process Control For more visit :- www.mpgirnari.in By: M. P. Girnari (SSEC, Bhavnagar) For more visit:- www.mpgirnari.in 1 Contents: Introduction Process control Dynamics Stability The

More information

Acceleration. 3. Changing Direction occurs when the velocity and acceleration are neither parallel nor anti-parallel

Acceleration. 3. Changing Direction occurs when the velocity and acceleration are neither parallel nor anti-parallel Acceleration When the velocity of an object changes, we say that the object is accelerating. This acceleration can take one of three forms: 1. Speeding Up occurs when the object s velocity and acceleration

More information

Torques 1.0 Two torques We have written the swing equation where speed is in rad/sec as:

Torques 1.0 Two torques We have written the swing equation where speed is in rad/sec as: Torques 1.0 Two torques We have written the swing equation where speed is in rad/sec as: 2H Re ( t) T au T mu T eu (1) and when speed is in per-unit as 2H u ( t) Tau Tmu Teu (2) We note that in both cases

More information

Index. Index. More information. in this web service Cambridge University Press

Index. Index. More information.  in this web service Cambridge University Press A-type elements, 4 7, 18, 31, 168, 198, 202, 219, 220, 222, 225 A-type variables. See Across variable ac current, 172, 251 ac induction motor, 251 Acceleration rotational, 30 translational, 16 Accumulator,

More information

Magnetic field outside a straight conductor (Item No.: P )

Magnetic field outside a straight conductor (Item No.: P ) Magnetic field outside a straight conductor (Item No.: P2430500) Curricular Relevance Area of Expertise: Physics Education Level: University Topic: Electricity and Magnetism Subtopic: Magnetic Field and

More information

ES250: Electrical Science. HW1: Electric Circuit Variables, Elements and Kirchhoff s Laws

ES250: Electrical Science. HW1: Electric Circuit Variables, Elements and Kirchhoff s Laws ES250: Electrical Science HW1: Electric Circuit Variables, Elements and Kirchhoff s Laws Introduction Engineers use electric circuits to solve problems that are important to modern society, such as: 1.

More information

RC, RL, and LCR Circuits

RC, RL, and LCR Circuits RC, RL, and LCR Circuits EK307 Lab Note: This is a two week lab. Most students complete part A in week one and part B in week two. Introduction: Inductors and capacitors are energy storage devices. They

More information

Control of Manufacturing Processes

Control of Manufacturing Processes Control of Manufacturing Processes Subject 2.830 Spring 2004 Lecture #18 Basic Control Loop Analysis" April 15, 2004 Revisit Temperature Control Problem τ dy dt + y = u τ = time constant = gain y ss =

More information

ECE 220 Laboratory 4 Volt Meter, Comparators, and Timer

ECE 220 Laboratory 4 Volt Meter, Comparators, and Timer ECE 220 Laboratory 4 Volt Meter, Comparators, and Timer Michael W. Marcellin Please follow all rules, procedures and report requirements as described at the beginning of the document entitled ECE 220 Laboratory

More information

Review: stability; Routh Hurwitz criterion Today s topic: basic properties and benefits of feedback control

Review: stability; Routh Hurwitz criterion Today s topic: basic properties and benefits of feedback control Plan of the Lecture Review: stability; Routh Hurwitz criterion Today s topic: basic properties and benefits of feedback control Goal: understand the difference between open-loop and closed-loop (feedback)

More information

Plan of the Lecture. Review: stability; Routh Hurwitz criterion Today s topic: basic properties and benefits of feedback control

Plan of the Lecture. Review: stability; Routh Hurwitz criterion Today s topic: basic properties and benefits of feedback control Plan of the Lecture Review: stability; Routh Hurwitz criterion Today s topic: basic properties and benefits of feedback control Plan of the Lecture Review: stability; Routh Hurwitz criterion Today s topic:

More information

Scheme & Solutions of 14EI 505 (OCT-2018)

Scheme & Solutions of 14EI 505 (OCT-2018) Scheme & Solutions of 14EI 505 (OCT-2018) Prepared By: P. Vinodh Babu Associate Professor Department of EIE Bapatla Engineering College Bapatla-522102 Phone numbers: 9490126829, 7386014802 Hall Ticket

More information

Exercise 1: Thermocouple Characteristics

Exercise 1: Thermocouple Characteristics The Thermocouple Transducer Fundamentals Exercise 1: Thermocouple Characteristics EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to describe and demonstrate the characteristics

More information

General Physics (PHY 2140)

General Physics (PHY 2140) General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 10 6/12/2007 Electricity and Magnetism Induced voltages and induction Self-Inductance RL Circuits Energy in magnetic fields AC circuits and EM waves Resistors, capacitors

More information

Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current. 1. Electromagnetic oscillations and LC circuit 2. Alternating Current 3.

Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current. 1. Electromagnetic oscillations and LC circuit 2. Alternating Current 3. Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current 1. Electromagnetic oscillations and LC circuit 2. Alternating Current 3. RLC circuit in AC 1 RL and RC circuits RL RC Charging Discharging I = emf R

More information

MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERING TRIGONOMETRY TUTORIAL 3 PERIODIC FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERING TRIGONOMETRY TUTORIAL 3 PERIODIC FUNCTIONS MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERING TRIGONOMETRY TUTORIAL 3 PERIODIC FUNCTIONS This is the one of a series of basic tutorials in mathematics aimed at beginners or anyone wanting to refresh themselves on fundamentals.

More information

(b) A unity feedback system is characterized by the transfer function. Design a suitable compensator to meet the following specifications:

(b) A unity feedback system is characterized by the transfer function. Design a suitable compensator to meet the following specifications: 1. (a) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by G(S) = K/S(1+0.1S)(1+S) (i) Determine the value of K so that the resonance peak M r of the system is equal to 1.4.

More information

EXAMPLE: MODELING THE PT326 PROCESS TRAINER

EXAMPLE: MODELING THE PT326 PROCESS TRAINER CHAPTER 1 By Radu Muresan University of Guelph Page 1 EXAMPLE: MODELING THE PT326 PROCESS TRAINER The PT326 apparatus models common industrial situations in which temperature control is required in the

More information

TRANSFORMERS B O O K P G

TRANSFORMERS B O O K P G TRANSFORMERS B O O K P G. 4 4 4-449 REVIEW The RMS equivalent current is defined as the dc that will provide the same power in the resistor as the ac does on average P average = I 2 RMS R = 1 2 I 0 2 R=

More information

Forced Oscillations in a Linear System Problems

Forced Oscillations in a Linear System Problems Forced Oscillations in a Linear System Problems Summary of the Principal Formulas The differential equation of forced oscillations for the kinematic excitation: ϕ + 2γ ϕ + ω 2 0ϕ = ω 2 0φ 0 sin ωt. Steady-state

More information

2.72 Elements of Mechanical Design

2.72 Elements of Mechanical Design MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 2.72 Elements of Mechanical Design Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 2.72 Elements of

More information

Sinusoidal Response of RLC Circuits

Sinusoidal Response of RLC Circuits Sinusoidal Response of RLC Circuits Series RL circuit Series RC circuit Series RLC circuit Parallel RL circuit Parallel RC circuit R-L Series Circuit R-L Series Circuit R-L Series Circuit Instantaneous

More information

PANDIAN SARASWATHI YADAV ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE6404-MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

PANDIAN SARASWATHI YADAV ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE6404-MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION PANDIAN SARASWATHI YADAV ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE6404-MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION ACADEMIC YEAR: 2015-2016 (EVEN SEMESTER) Branch: EEE QUESTION BANK

More information

Dr Ian R. Manchester

Dr Ian R. Manchester Week Content Notes 1 Introduction 2 Frequency Domain Modelling 3 Transient Performance and the s-plane 4 Block Diagrams 5 Feedback System Characteristics Assign 1 Due 6 Root Locus 7 Root Locus 2 Assign

More information