: TM614 ; TM ( EMS), Purelin, f ( u) = 1/ (1 + exp ( - u) ) [11 ], Vol. 32 No. 17 Sep. 10, 2008

Transcription

1 Vol. 32 No. 17 Sep. 10, 2008 ( ),, (, ) :,,, (SCADA), : ; ; (SCADA) ; ; : TM614 ; TM761 0,,,,, [123 ] [ 425 ],,, [ 627 ], ( EMS), 0 ( cos = 1), [8 ],,, [9 ] 1 2 : : ; : ( ) ; (863 ) (2007AA012476), 1. 1,,, 1 1 Fig. 1 Power forecast module based on wind speed forecast 1, (SCADA) EMS (CIM) [10 ],, ( R TU),, (BP),sigmoid : f ( u) = 1/ (1 + exp ( - u) ) [11 ], Purelin, 83

2 2008, 32 (17),,,, N2S [12 ] : 5 ū i = 0 5 x i 5 ū i 5t + ū j 5 ū i 5 x j = p - 5 x i + v 52 ū i 5 x 2 j - 5 ui u j 5 x j,,,,, P [13 ] : P= Cp A 103 v 3 (2) 2 PN : Cp ; A ; ; v ; PN,,, Peopt Qsref, SCADA (CIS) EMS 1. 2 EMS, EMS,Qsopt U sref, SCADA EMS, 2 (1) Peopt ( i) [14 ] : Peopt ( i) = PTopt ( i) ( (3) : PTopt ( i) i ; ( i) i, Qeopt ( i) cos opt ( i) [15 ] : Qeopt ( i) = Qfarm(opt) Qemax ( i) Qfarm(max) (4) Peopt ( i) cos opt ( i) = P 2 eopt ( i) + Q 2 eopt ( i) : Qfarm(max) ; Qfarm(opt) EMS ; Qemax ( i) i : U sref ( i) [16 ] U sref ( i) = U sopt ( i) (5) :U sopt ( i) i,ems, ( CIU), EMS 2, (DFIG),,,, SCADA, DFIG 2. 1 ( PWM) 3 2 Fig. 2 Reactive power adjusting module 3 PWM Fig. 3 Double PWM transducer DFIG system 84

3 , : () : np 60 f 2 = f 1 (6) : f 1 f 2 DFIG ; n DFIG ; p DFIG (6),,,,DFIG : P2 = sp1 (7) : P1 DFIG ; s DFIG,s > 0, P2 > 0,,;DFIG,s < 0, P2 < 0,,;DFIG,s = 0,, 2. 2 DFIG,DFIG,,dq [17218 ] : uds = Rs i ds + p ds - 1 qs (8) uqs = Rs iqs + p qs - 1 ds udr = Rr i dr + p dr - 2 qr (9) uqr = Rr iqr + p qr - 2 dr ds = L s i ds + L m i dr (10) qs = L s iqs + L m iqr dr = L r i dr + L m i ds (11) qr = L r iqr + L m iqs : s r ; u, i, R ;L L m ; 1 2 ; ;p d, q,, 1 d m q d 90, ds = m, qs = 0, : m = L s i ds + L m i dr (12) 0 = L s iqs + L m iqr,, (8) : uds = p m (13) uqs = 1 m, U m =,dq : uds = 0 (14) uqs = U m (13) (14) p m = 0, m = U m/ 1, 1, U m dq P Q : P = uds i ds + uqs iqs Q = uqs i ds - uds iqs (9) (10) : P = uqs iqs Q = uqs i ds = U m iqs = U m i ds (15) (16) (16) :P i qs, Q i ds, iqsi ds udruqr (11) : i dr = U m 1 L m iqr = - - L s iqs L m L s i ds L m (17) (11),(9) : udr = Rr i dr + ap i dr - a 2 iqr (17) uqr = Rr iqr + ap iqr + a 2 i dr + L m U (18) m 2 L s 1 : a = L r - L 2 m/ L s, (18) : udr = udr - a 2 iqr = udr - udr uqr = uqr+ a 2 i dr + L m U m 2 = uqr+uqr L s 1 (19) : udr uqr ;udr uqr (19),, DFIG 4 2 iqsi ds,, P 3 Q 3 P Q ( PI), i 3 qs i 3 ds (17),i 3 qs i 3 ds i 3 qr i 3 dr, i 3 qr iqr PI uqr, uqr q u 3 qr ; i 3 dr i drpi udr, 85

4 2008, 32 (17) udr d u 3 dr dq [19 ] : L di d L diq = - Ri d + 1 Liq + udj - udk = - Ri q + 1 Li d + uqj - uqk (20) : udjuqj uj d, q ; udk uqk uk d, q ; i d i q i d, q (20) : udk = - udk+udk + udj (21) uqk = - uqk - uqk+ uqj : udk uqk ;udk uqk 4 DFIG Fig. 4 Control system of DFIG 2. 3 PWM 5 : ua, ub, uc ; ia, ib, ic ; R L ; C ; udc udk= L di d + Ri d (22) uqk= L diq + Ri q udk = 1 Li q (23) uqk = 1 Li d,d uj,: (21) : udj = uj uqj = 0 (24) udk = - udk+udk + uj (25) uqk = - uqk - uqk (21) (25) 7 5 PWM Fig. 5 Circuit of double PWM transducers, 6 : d, q ; uj uk ; i, uk uj i, 7 Fig. 7 Vector control of grid transducer : 6 Fig. 6 Coordinate transform of grid transducer Pk = udj i d + uqj iq = uj i d Qk = uqj i d - udj iq = - uj iq (26) : Pk > 0, ; Pk < 0 86

5 , : (),; Qk = 0, i d, iq 3 EMS, [5 ],, EMS (AVC),, AVC,AVC, AVC SCADA EMS [ 1 ] TAN G Y F, XU L Y. A flexible active and reactive power control strategy for available speed constant frequency generating system. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1995, 10 (4) : [ 2 ] SLOO TWEG J G, KL IN G W L. The impact of large scale wind power generation on power system oscillations. Electric Power Systems Research, 2003, 67 (1) : [ 3 ] TANDE J O G. Impact of wind turbines on voltage quality/ / Proceedings of t he 8th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power : Vol 2, October 14216, 1998, Athens, Greece : [ 4 ]. [ D]. :,2004. [ 5 ],,..,2006,30 (15) : L I Jing, L I Jianlin, XU Honghua. A control strategy of doubly2 fed variable speed wind turbines based on reactive power optimization of distribution systems. Power System Technology, 2006, 30 (15) : [ 6 ],,..,2008,32 (1) : GUO Xiaoming, HE Yikang, HE Benteng. Direct power control for doubly2fed induction generator wind turbines with a constant switching frequency. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2008, 32 (1) : [ 7 ],,,. PWM.,2005,29 (8) : WAN G Jianze, FU Xiangyun, ZEN G Fanpeng. et al. A PWM static VAR compensator with continuously variable capacitive reactive power. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2005, 29 (8) : [ 8 ] Harakosan Europe. Technical description of the Z72 wind turbine[ EB/ OL ]. [ ]. http :/ / harakosan. nl/ techspec. pdf. [ 9 ]..,2003, 27 (8) : L EI Yazhou. Studies on wind farm integration into power system. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2003, 27 (8) : [ 10 ] IEC Energy management system application program interface ( EMS2API ) : Part 301 common information model (CIM) base [ 11 ],,,..,2002,26 ( 20) : L IU Zhigang, WAN G Xiaoru, HE Zhengyou, et al. Analysis and comparison of function approximation ability based on wavelet transformation. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2002, 26 (20) : [ 12 ],,..,2005,20 (4) : ZHAN G Ya, L IU Shuyan, WAN G Baoguo. Application of t he reynolds stress model to the calculation of three2dimensional turbulent flow2field. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2005, 20 (4) : [ 13 ] SAAD2SAOUD Z, J EN KINS N. Models for predicting flicker induced by large wind turbines. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, 1999, 14 (3) : [ 14 ],,,..,2007,31 (24) : QIAO Jiageng, LU Zongxiang, YAN Huimin, et al. Modeling and simulation of power controller for t he doubly fed induction generator wind turbines. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2007, 31 (24) : [ 15 ],..,2004,28 (23) : WU Xiaojie, CHAI Jianyun. Overview of AC excitation for variable speed constant frequency double fed wind power generator systems. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2004, 28 (23) : [ 16 ],..,2008,32 (4) : CHEN Ning, YU Jilai. An active load allocation method to wind power generation in distribution networks. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2008, 32 (4) : [ 17 ],,,.. :,1993. [ 18 ],,..,2004,24 (6) : L I Jing, SON G Jiahua, WAN G Weisheng. Modeling and dynamic simulation of variable speed wind turbine with large capacity. Proceeding of t he CSEE, 2004, 24 (6) : (103 continued on page 103) 87

6 ,,, [ 1 ],,,..,2006,30 (20) : ZEN G Genghui, HUAN G Minghui, L IU Zhiyao, et al. Analysis and countermeasures of misoperation of zero sequence pilot protection on circuit lines of same pole. Electric Power Systems, 2006, 30 (20) : Automation of [ 2 ],,..,2004,32 (9) : GUO Runsheng, HE Caihong, ZHI Jianjie. Influence of zero2 sequence mutual inductance to pilot protection in parallel lines. Relay, 2004, 32 (9) : [ 3 ],,,..,2007,27 (1) : SUONAN Jiale, MEN G Xianglai, CHEN Yong, et al. A novel zero sequence directional element based on fault type. Proceedings of t he CSEE, 2007, 27 (1) : (1974 ),,,, : E2mail : com (1971 ),,, : (1966 ),,, : Improvement of Zero2sequence Directional Relay f or the Parallel Line with Magnetically Strong and Electrically Weak Connection FA N Zhanf eng 1, Y E Dongyin 2, L I R uisheng 1, L IA N H aitao 1 (1. XJ Electrical Company, Xuchang , China ; 2. Xuchang Power Supply Company, Xuchang , China) Abstract : According to the several mal2operation accident s of zero2sequence pilot protection happened recently in the high2 voltage power network due to the influence of zero2sequence mutual inductance between power lines, this paper analyzes the typical power network topologies with magnetically strong and electrically weak connection that caused the mal2operation. The influence of zero2sequence mutual inductance on the behaviors of zero2sequence pilot protection is studied in detail and several countermeasures are analyzed. A new type of zero2sequence directional relay based on fault type is proposed and the feasibility and detail scheme flow are described. The scheme is validated to be correct by the data analysis of two local examples. Key words : zero2sequence pilot protection ; fault types ; polarization ; magnetically strong and electrically weak connection (87 continued f rom page 87) [ 19 ],..,2003,19 (6) :126. ZHAO Rende, HE Yikang. Investigation of AC excitation power supply used in VSCF wind2power generation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2003, 19 (6) : 126. (1966 ),,,,, : E2mail : com (1973 ),,,,, : E2mail : com (1983 ),,, : Reactive Power Regulation of Grid2connected Wind Farm Based on Appl ication Integration Part Reactive Power Regulation DUA N B in, W U Yalian, Z HOU L iming ( Xiangtan University, Xiangtan , China) Abstract : Based on the wind farm output forecasting and local electric network reactive power optimization result s, the wind turbines electric control parameters are calculated as inputs to the reactive power controller. A reactive power regulation method based on application integration is proposed. The processes of power forecasting and parameter setting in the wind farm supervisory control and data acquisition ( SCADA) system are discussed. The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine is used as an example to show how to adjust reactive power. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No ) and National High2Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2007AA012476). Key words : reactive power adjusting ; application integration ; supervisory control and data acquisition ( SCADA) ; wind energy generation ; doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) 103