Electricity
|
|
- Blaze Mosley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Electricity Electric Charge There are two fundamental charges in the universe. Positive (proton) has a charge of x C Negative (electron) has a charge of 1.60 x C There is one general rule for electric charges: Likes repel and opposites attract When objects have equal amounts of each they are said to be NEUTRAL. If it has excess electrons it has a negative charge, excess protons it has a positive charge There are many ways in which to move charge. One way is through friction. When an object builds up a charge this is called STATIC ELECTRICITY because the electrons are not moving. If you rub your hair with a balloon, electrons from your hair are transferred to the balloon giving it a net negative charge, leaving your hair a net positive charge. Since they have opposite charges they then attract one another. See pictures below: If the oppositely charge objects come in contact with one another then the electrons will jump from one object to the next. You see this as a spark. You don t tend to see this DISCHARGE (transfer) of charge in South Florida very much because of the humidity. Water molecules in the air provide a path for electrons to flow so the object has a hard time keeping a charge. Electric charge is quantized In 1909 Robert Millikan discovered that there is a fundamental unit of charge, e (1.60 x C), and that every charged object had a charge that was a multiple of this charge. See picture below: 1
2 The unit for charge is the Coulomb (C) C = 6.2 x 1018 electrons All substances are placed in four categories: Insulators - These do not allow electric charges to move freely. (air, rubber, glass, organic materials) Semiconductors - In their pure state they act like insulators but when impurities are added, they greatly increase their conductivity. (metalloids) Conductors - These substances allow electric charges to move freely. (metals, electrolytes) Superconductors - They become PERFECT conductors when they are at or below certain temperatures. (alloys) How are objects charged? 1) CONTACT (Friction) - As discussed before this happens when the surfaces of the objects are rubbed together. (Conductor or Insulator) Ex: Balloon and Hair, Glass rod and Wool. 2) INDUCTION A) Conductors i. In this process a charged object is brought close to a neutral object causing a polarization at the surface of the object. The object is then disconnected from the ground and a net charge is left on the object. See pictures below: B) Insulators ii. In this process a surface charge is induced on insulators by polarization. There is a realignment of the molecules/atoms charges after a period of time or a discharge. See picture below: 2
3 Coulomb s Law Charged objects will apply a force, attractive or repulsive, on one another. The closer the two charges are the greater the force between them. q F electric = k 1 q 2 N m 2 c k r 2 c = 9.0x10 9 C 2 Remember that forces are vectors and they must be added as such (pay attention to direction). The electric Force is a field force; therefore no contact is necessary. However, this force can be negative or positive. If it is negative that means that the force is ATTRACTIVE and positive means that it is REPULSIVE. This field force is much stronger than gravity, however it does follow the same pattern (Inverse square law). Charles Coulomb quantified the electric force using a torsion balance. See below: Electric Field Electric fields exist in the region of space around charged objects. When these fields interact they produce ELECTRIC FORCES. An electric field can be defined according to the following equation: E = F electric q When defining an electric field you must understand that it can be done in a myriad of ways. When using the above equation we are assuming that a test charge is placed in the field of another charged object. Therefore we are speaking of the electric filed strength of the charged object and NOT the test charge. In addition the equation above is quantifying the electric field strength at a single given point (wherever you place the point charge) See pictures below: Another major assumption in this definition is that the test charge has a value small enough that it does not cause a redistribution of charge on the object creating the electric field. See below: When discussing the magnitude of the Electric Field strength from a point charge the equation reduces to: E = k q r 2 k c = 9.0 X 10 9 N m 2 / C 2 3
4 Electric fields are VECTORS. Therefore in order to calculate the electric field strength due to numerous charges you must use the superposition principle. Electric Field Lines Even though these lines don t really exist they are a convenient way for us to visualize Electric Fields in space. When drawing electric fields lines use these general rules as a guide: A) For positive charges arrows are drawn outward and for negative inward. B) Lines are drawn perpendicular to the charge s surface. C) The number of lines drawn is proportional to the magnitude of the charge. D) Field lines CANNOT cross. See examples below: Electrical Potential Energy This is the potential energy due to the placement of a charge in an electric field. So you may think of it like gravitational potential energy. Indeed electric potential energy should be included when discussing the mechanical energy of a system. M.E. = K.E. Translational + K.E. Rotational + P.E. Gravitatinal + P.E. Elastic + P.E. Electric Uniform Field In order for a charge to be moved in a field some work must be done. This work corresponds to the change in electric potential energy. We can therefore derive the following equation: W electric = ΔPE electric = qeδd = qδv Unit: Joule (J) This equation only works for a uniform field. When field strength and direction is the same throughout the field. Also the displacement must be in the direction of the field. If the charge is moving in the direction of the field it has a positive displacement. If the charge is moving against the field, it has a negative displacement. 4
5 See picture below: Non-uniform Field A non-uniform field is created by point charges. Therefore we must calculate electric potential using another expression. PE elec = k q 1 q 2 r k c = 9.0 X 10 9 N m 2 / C 2 Notice that it is very similar to the electric field force. NOTE: For both cases motion that is perpendicular to the electric field does not affect electric potential. ELECTRIC POTENTIAL Unfortunately, as the value of a charge changes so does the electric potential energy of that point in an electric field. Therefore it is easier to speak in terms of electric potential. Electric potential gets rid of the influence of the charges value. Therefore no matter what the charge, the electric potential of the field is the same and independent of the charge. However, most of the time you don t speak of electric potential but of potential difference (voltage). This is the change in electric potential. ΔV = ΔPE elec q Unit: Volt (J/C) A) Uniform Field ΔV = EΔd B) Potential Difference Between a point at infinity and some location near a point charge V = k q r k c = 9.0 X 10 9 N m 2 / C 2 5
6 CAPACITANCE Capacitors are used in many electronic devices. A capacitor has the ability to store charge. A typical type of capacitor is called a parallel plate capacitor. See below: Capacitance measures the ability of a conductor to store energy. There are two equations that we are going to use in order to store charge: Generally, C = Q ΔV (Q total charge) For a parallel plate capacitor, C = ε 0 A d ε 0 = 8.85x10 12 C 2 N m 2 (permittivity) Earth actually acts as a large capacitor. Due to its size it can hold an immense amount of charge. In other words it can give and accept a large amount of charge without it s electric potential changing too much. This is why the earth is use as the ground in circuits. By placing a dielectric, an insulator, you can change the capacitance of a capacitor. This is because the molecules in a dielectric can rotate so that there is an excess negative charge near the surface of the dielectric at the positive plate and an excess positive charge near the surface of the dielectric at the negative plate. See picture below: 6
7 Discharging capacitors rapidly release their charge. The charged capacitor has electrical potential energy because it takes work to move the charges through a circuit. It can be calculated by the following equation: ΔPE = 1 2 QΔV = 1 2 CΔV 2 = 1 2 Q 2 C Unit: Joule ELECTRIC CURRENT Current is the rate of movement of charge. However, when speaking of current we say that positive charges are moving through a cross-section of a given area. See below: I = ΔQ Unit : Ampere (A) ΔT Positive and negative charges in motion are called charge carriers. It is the potential difference that causes the charge carriers to move. Electrons in metal and ions in solution are good conductors because they have charge carriers that are freely able to move. A potential difference is applied to a conductor by setting up an electric field. This electric field travels through the conductor at the speed of light. One major misconception is that electrons move at the speed of light through the conductor. The drift velocity tends to be relatively small about 2.46 x 10-4 m/s. See picture below: Batteries and generators provide a current by maintaining a potential difference between the ends of a circuit. These devices provide electrical energy to the current and in turn the current provides the energy to the electrical device. Current can be direct (DC) or alternating (AC). Batteries produce direct current. The movement of charge is in ONE direction. Generators can produce DC or AC. In AC the poles of the generator constantly change sign (+ to- and back). If this happened slowly in a light bulb you would see flickering. However, in the US this is done at 60 Hertz. So the change is quick enough that you can t detect it. The power supplied to our homes is AC. AC is used due to the fact that it is easier to distribute and manipulate. RESISTANCE The impedance of the motion of charge through a conductor is the resistance of the conductor. It can be calculated using Ohm s Law: R = ΔV Unit : Ohm I Not all materials follow this law. Substances that have a constant resistance over a range of potentials are ohmic, those that do not are non-ohmic. See graphs below: 7
8 The resistance of a material depends on the length, cross-sectional area, material, and temperature. See chart below: VOLTAGE Voltage is the electric potential energy per unit charge measured in volts (joules per coulomb). Voltage is a property of an electric field, not individual electrons. V = IR Unit: Volt (V) Since the voltage is usually the constant in electric circuits, resistors are used to control the current in a circuit. Currents greater than 0.15 Amps can kill a human. Superconductors are special because for temperatures below the critical temperature they have zero resistance. Therefore once a current is set up in them the potential difference can be removed and the current is still present. Electric Power Electric Power is the rate at which charge carriers do work. It can be calculated by P = IΔV = ΔV 2 R = I 2 R Unit: Watt (W) (1 J/s ) Energy is used to power electrical devices. However some of that energy is also converted into internal energy (heating of the electrical components) and this is called joule heating or an I 2 R loss. Power companies charge for energy not power. The unit Kilowatt-hour sounds like power but it isn t. 1 kw h W 1 kw 60 min 1 h 60 s 1min = W s = J When transferring electrical power the company wants to minimize the I 2 R loss and maximize the amount of energy it can deliver. It can do this by decreasing the current or resistance. The resistance only gets larger due to the fact that the power lines increase in length. So the only other option is to transfer the electricity at a very small current. The problem is that the power would decrease. So the power company sends the current at a very high voltage. Usually the voltage goes from 765,000 across power lines to 4000 at local transformers to 240/120( ) V at your house. 8
9 Circuits and Schematic Diagrams In order for perople to be able to communicate with one another a schematic code was developed for various circuit components. See chart below: Schematic diagrams are representations of electric circuits. They are circuit diagrams. In order to have an electrical circuit there must be a path for the charges to follow. Any device that dissipates energy is called a load. A circuit is said to short circuit when there is no load present in the circuit. This is dangerous because the current will increase causing wires to overheat and start fires. This is why circuit breakers are installed in homes. When too much current starts flowing through a circuit, the circuit breaker pops before the wires get hot and start a fire. When current is able to flow through the circuit it is said to be closed and when it can t it is said to be open. The power source in a circuit (battery/generator) is also called the emf, electromagnetic force. Due to the internal friction of a battery its terminal voltage is always less than its emf. 9
10 A) Series Circuits In these circuits there is only one path for the current to flow through. See picture below: We have some general rules 1) Current is the same 2) Resistance add or R eq = R 1 + R 2 + R 3. 3) Voltage adds up to the terminal voltage B) Parallel Circuits In these circuits there are many paths for the current to flow through. See picture below: We have some general rules 1) Current adds in parallel I = I 1 + I 2 + I 3.. 2) Resistance is according to the following 1 = or R R eq R 1 R 2 R eq = R 1 + R R 1 R ) Voltage is the same across resistors 10
Section 1 Electric Charge and Force
CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Electric Charge and Force Key Idea questions > What are the different kinds of electric charge? > How do materials become charged when rubbed together? > What force is responsible
More informationElectric Charge. Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges. n Units Coulombs (C)
Electric Charge Electric Charge ( q ) unbalanced charges positive and negative charges n Units Coulombs (C) Electric Charge How do objects become charged? Types of materials Conductors materials in which
More informationSection 1: Electric Charge and Force
Electricity Section 1 Section 1: Electric Charge and Force Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Electric Charge Transfer of Electric Charge Induced Charges Charging by Contact Electric Force Electric Field Lines
More informationRead Chapter 7; pages:
Forces Read Chapter 7; pages: 191-221 Objectives: - Describe how electrical charges exert forces on each other; Compare the strengths of electric and gravitational forces; Distinguish between conductors
More informationElectric charge is conserved the arithmetic sum of the total charge cannot change in any interaction.
Electrostatics Electric charge is conserved the arithmetic sum of the total charge cannot change in any interaction. Electric Charge in the Atom Atom: Nucleus (small, massive, positive charge) Electron
More informationElectrical Forces arise from particles in atoms.
Electrostatics Electrical Forces arise from particles in atoms. The protons(+) in the nucleus attract the electrons and hold them in orbit Electrons(-)repel other electrons and protons repel other protons
More informationWhat is electricity? Charges that could be either positive or negative and that they could be transferred from one object to another.
Electricity What is electricity? Charges that could be either positive or negative and that they could be transferred from one object to another. What is electrical charge Protons carry positive charges
More informationElectric Force and Charges. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. Electric Force and Charges
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Central rule of electricity Opposite charges attract one another; like charges repel. Chapter 22: ELECTROSTATICS This lecture will help you understand: Electrical Forces
More informationPHYSICS - Electrostatics
PHYSICS - Electrostatics Electrostatics, or electricity at rest, involves electric charges, the forces between them, and their behavior in materials. 22.1 Electrical Forces and Charges The fundamental
More informationLesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts
Lesson Plan: Electric Circuits (~130 minutes) Concepts 1. Electricity is the flow of electric charge (electrons). 2. Electric Charge is a property of subatomic particles. 3. Current is the movement of
More informationElectricity Electrostatics Types of materials Charging an Object Van de Graaff Generator
Electricity Electricity is the physical phenomena associated with the position or movement of electric charge. The study of electricity is generally divided into two areas electrostatics and current electricity.
More informationCoulomb s constant k = 9x10 9 N m 2 /C 2
1 Part 2: Electric Potential 2.1: Potential (Voltage) & Potential Energy q 2 Potential Energy of Point Charges Symbol U mks units [Joules = J] q 1 r Two point charges share an electric potential energy
More informationChapter Assignment Solutions
Chapter 20-21 Assignment Solutions Table of Contents Page 558 #22, 24, 29, 31, 36, 37, 40, 43-48... 1 Lightning Worksheet (Transparency 20-4)... 4 Page 584 #42-46, 58-61, 66-69, 76-79, 84-86... 5 Chapter
More informationElectricity Mock Exam
Name: Class: _ Date: _ ID: A Electricity Mock Exam Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. What happens when a rubber rod is rubbed
More informationElectron Theory of Charge. Electricity. 1. Matter is made of atoms. Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge.
Electricity Refers to the generation of or the possession of electric charge. There are two kinds of electricity: 1. Static Electricity the electric charges are "still" or static 2. Current Electricity
More informationELECTRICITY. Electric Circuit. What do you already know about it? Do Smarty Demo 5/30/2010. Electric Current. Voltage? Resistance? Current?
ELECTRICITY What do you already know about it? Voltage? Resistance? Current? Do Smarty Demo 1 Electric Circuit A path over which electrons travel, out through the negative terminal, through the conductor,
More informationc. They have electric charges that move freely d. Electrons are added to the rod a. charges are of unlike signs b. charges are of like signs
Physics Review Chapter 17 & 18 Name: Date: Period: 1. What sentence best characterizes electron conductors? a. They have low mass density b. They have high tensile strength c. They have electric charges
More informationSome differences: Some basic similarities: Charges. Electrons vs. Protons 4/3/15. Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism!
Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism! Electric Force vs. Gravitational Force What properties does the gravitational force depend on? What properties does the electric force depend on? F grav = Gm 1 m 2 /d
More informationElectrostatics and Electric Potential - Outline
Electrostatics and Electric Potential - Outline 1. Understand the basic properties of electric charge, including conservation of charge and that charges are quantized. 2. Differentiate between conductors
More informationChapter 15. Electric Forces and Electric Fields
Chapter 15 Electric Forces and Electric Fields First Observations Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BC Found that amber, when rubbed, became electrified and attracted pieces
More informationConceptual Physical Science 6 th Edition
Conceptual Physical Science 6 th Edition Chapter 8: STATIC AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY 1 Chapter 8: STATIC AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY Chapter 8: Read: All Homework: Four problems from the following set: 4, 6,
More informationChapter 15. Electric Forces and Electric Fields
Chapter 15 Electric Forces and Electric Fields First Studies Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BC Found that amber, when rubbed, became electrified and attracted pieces of
More informationElectric charges. Basics of Electricity
Electric charges Basics of Electricity Electron has a negative charge Neutron has a no charge Proton has a positive charge But what is a charge? Electric charge, like mass, is a fundamental property of
More informationChapter 16 Electrical Energy Capacitance. HW: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 13, 17, 21, 25, 27 33, 35, 37a, 43, 45, 49, 51
Chapter 16 Electrical Energy Capacitance HW: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 13, 17, 21, 25, 27 33, 35, 37a, 43, 45, 49, 51 Electrical Potential Reminder from physics 1: Work done by a conservative force, depends only
More informationChapter 18. Direct Current Circuits
Chapter 18 Direct Current Circuits Sources of emf The source that maintains the current in a closed circuit is called a source of emf Any devices that increase the potential energy of charges circulating
More informationHIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE. Physical Science 7: Electricity & Magnetism
HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE Physical Science 7: Electricity & Magnetism WILLMAR PUBLIC SCHOOL 2013-2014 EDITION CHAPTER 7 Electricity & Magnatism In this chapter you will: 1. Analyze factors that affect the strength
More informationELECTRICITY. Chapter ELECTRIC CHARGE & FORCE
ELECTRICITY Chapter 17 17.1 ELECTRIC CHARGE & FORCE Essential Questions: What are the different kinds of electric charge? How do materials become charged when rubbed together? What force is responsible
More informationObjects usually are charged up through the transfer of electrons from one object to the other.
1 Part 1: Electric Force Review of Vectors Review your vectors! You should know how to convert from polar form to component form and vice versa add and subtract vectors multiply vectors by scalars Find
More informationWhich of these particles has an electrical charge?
Which of these particles has an electrical charge? A. Proton. B. Electron. C. Ion. D. All of the above. Which is the predominant carrier of charge in copper wire? A. Proton. B. Electron. C. Ion. D. All
More informationElectromagnetism Review Sheet
Electromagnetism Review Sheet Electricity Atomic basics: Particle name Charge location protons electrons neutrons + in the nucleus - outside of the nucleus neutral in the nucleus What would happen if two
More informationPart 4: Electricity & Magnetism
Part 4: Electricity & Magnetism Notes: Magnetism Magnetism Magnets: 1.Have a north and south pole 2.Like poles repel; opposite poles attract - The larger the distance between the magnets, the weaker the
More informationChapter Electric Forces and Electric Fields. Prof. Armen Kocharian
Chapter 25-26 Electric Forces and Electric Fields Prof. Armen Kocharian First Observations Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BC Found that amber, when rubbed, became electrified
More informationElectricity CHARGE. q = 1.6 x10-19 C
Electricity CHARGE q = 1.6 x10-19 C How many protons in a Coulomb? -19 1.00 C x (1 proton) / (1.60 x 10 C) = 18 6.25x10 protons! Opposites Attract Most materials are Electrically NEUTRAL (lowest potential
More informationElectricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE
Electricity MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Electric charges Atoms and molecules can have electrical charges. These are caused by electrons and protons. Electrons are negatively charged. Protons are positively
More information12/2/2018. Monday 12/17. Electric Charge and Electric Field
Electricity Test Monday 1/17 Electric Charge and Electric Field 1 In nature, atoms are normally found with equal numbers of protons and electrons, so they are electrically neutral. By adding or removing
More informationElectric Currents. Resistors (Chapters 27-28)
Electric Currents. Resistors (Chapters 27-28) Electric current I Resistance R and resistors Relation between current and resistance: Ohm s Law Resistivity ρ Energy dissipated by current. Electric power
More informationHW Chapter 16 Q 6,8,10,18,19,21 P 1,2,3,4. Chapter 16. Part 1: Electric Forces and Electric Fields. Dr. Armen Kocharian
HW Chapter 16 Q 6,8,10,18,19,21 P 1,2,3,4 Chapter 16 Part 1: Electric Forces and Electric Fields Dr. Armen Kocharian First Observations Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BC
More informationA negatively charged object has more electrons than protons. A negatively charged object has more electrons than protons
Electricity Electricity Describes all phenomena caused by positive and negative charges Electrical charge is caused by protons and electrons Electrons and protons are subatomic particles found in the atom
More informationCLASS X- ELECTRICITY
Conductor- Insulator: Materia Materials through which electric current cannot pass are called insulators. Electric Circuit: A continuous a CLASS X- ELECTRICITY als through which electric current can pass
More informationPhysics Notes Chapter 17 Electric Forces and Fields
Physics Notes Chapter 17 Electric Forces and Fields I. Basic rules and ideas related to electricity a. electricity is about charges or charged objects where they are and how they move electrostatics is
More informationMagnets attract some metals but not others
Electricity and Magnetism Junior Science Magnets attract some metals but not others Some objects attract iron and steel. They are called magnets. Magnetic materials have the ability to attract some materials
More informationElectrostatics and Charge. Creating Electric Fields
Electrostatics and Charge Creating Electric Fields Electric Charges Recall that all matter is made of atoms. Neutral atoms can acquire a charge in several different ways, all of which require movement
More informationCircuit Analysis I (ENGR 2405) Chapter 1 Review: Charge, Current, Voltage, Power
Circuit Analysis I (ENGR 2405) Chapter 1 Review: Charge, Current, Voltage, Power What is a circuit? An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements. It may consist of only two elements
More informationmelectron= 9.1x10-31 kg e = 1.6x10-19 C MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam #1, PHYS 102 Name Chapters 16, 17, & 18 8 February 2006 Constants k=9x109 Nm2/C2 e o =8.85x10-12 F/m mproton=1.673x10-27 kg melectron= 9.1x10-31 kg e = 1.6x10-19 C MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one
More informationPSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism
PSC1341 Chapter 5 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5: Electricity and Magnetism A. The Atom B. Electricity C. Static Electricity D. A circuit E. Current and Voltage F. Resistance G. Ohm s Law H. Power
More informationSTUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 5 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1) ASSOCIATE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES WITH THEIR ELECTRICAL CHARGE
Name Date STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 5 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 1) ASSOCIATE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES WITH THEIR ELECTRICAL CHARGE Scientists now know that an atom is composed of even smaller particles of matter:
More informationElectric Charges & Current. Chapter 12. Types of electric charge
Electric Charges & Current Chapter 12 Types of electric charge Protons w/ + charge stuck in the nucleus Electrons w/ - charge freely moving around the nucleus in orbits 1 Conductors Allow the easy flow
More informationElectricity and Electromagnetism SOL review Scan for a brief video. A. Law of electric charges.
A. Law of electric charges. Electricity and Electromagnetism SOL review Scan for a brief video The law of electric charges states that like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Because protons and
More informationElectric Charges and Fields
Electric Charges and Fields We evaluate electricity not by knowing what it is, but by scrutinizing what it does. I don t know who made this statement but it truly and philosophically describes much of
More informationStatic Electricity. Electric Field. the net accumulation of electric charges on an object
Static Electricity the net accumulation of electric charges on an object Electric Field force exerted by an e - on anything that has an electric charge opposite charges attract like charges repel Static
More informationName: Class: Date: 1. Friction can result in the transfer of protons from one object to another as the objects rub against each other.
Class: Date: Physics Test Review Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. Friction can result in
More informationAC vs. DC Circuits. Constant voltage circuits. The voltage from an outlet is alternating voltage
Circuits AC vs. DC Circuits Constant voltage circuits Typically referred to as direct current or DC Computers, logic circuits, and battery operated devices are examples of DC circuits The voltage from
More informationTheme Music: Duke Ellington Take the A Train Cartoon: Bill Amend FoxTrot
May18, 2011 Physics 122 Prof. E. F. Redish Theme Music: Duke Ellington Take the A Train Cartoon: Bill Amend FoxTrot 1 Review sheets for Final Exam Material from two previous exams plus Electric currents
More informationChapter 3 Static and Current Electricity
Chapter 3 Static and Current Electricity 3.1 Static Electricity - the build up of an electronic charge on a body (object) Electroscope - a device for detecting (not measuring) static charge attraction/repulsion
More informationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc2-363miqs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc2-363miqs SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3 ELECTRICITY Remember: In the last unit we learned that all matter is made up of atoms atoms have subatomic particles called, protons, neutrons
More informationSome differences: Some basic similarities: Charges. Electrons vs. Protons 3/25/12. Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism!
Chapters 22-25: Electromagnetism! Electric Force vs. Gravitational Force What properties does the gravitational force depend on? What properties does the electric force depend on? F grav = G*m 1 *m 2 /d
More informationChapter 21 Electric Current and Direct- Current Circuits
Chapter 21 Electric Current and Direct- Current Circuits 1 Overview of Chapter 21 Electric Current and Resistance Energy and Power in Electric Circuits Resistors in Series and Parallel Kirchhoff s Rules
More informationChapter 16. Electric Energy and Capacitance
Chapter 16 Electric Energy and Capacitance Electric Potential Energy The electrostatic force is a conservative force It is possible to define an electrical potential energy function with this force Work
More informationChapter 1 The Electric Force
Chapter 1 The Electric Force 1. Properties of the Electric Charges 1- There are two kinds of the electric charges in the nature, which are positive and negative charges. - The charges of opposite sign
More informationElectricity. Chapter 21
Electricity Chapter 21 Electricity Charge of proton Positive Charge of electron Negative Charge of neutron NONE Atoms have no charge because the charges of the protons and electrons cancel each other out.
More informationSECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
SECTION 3 BASIC AUTOMATIC CONTROLS UNIT 12 BASIC ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Unit Objectives Describe the structure of an atom. Identify atoms with a positive charge and atoms with a negative charge. Explain
More informationElectric Charge. Conductors A material that transfers charge easily Metals
Electric Charge An electrical property of matter that creates a force between objects. Like charges repel Opposite charges attract Equal amount of positive and negative = no net charge Electrons: Negative
More informationELECTRICAL FORCE UNIT NOTES
ELECTRICAL FORCE UNIT NOTES Property that causes electrical force is called Charge Opposite charges Attract Like charges Repel Charge comes from the atoms. Electrons are negative, protons are positive.
More informationSection 1: Electric Fields
PHY 132 Outline of Lecture Notes i Section 1: Electric Fields A property called charge is part of the basic nature of protons and electrons. Large scale objects become charged by gaining or losing electrons.
More informationElectric Potential Energy Conservative Force
Electric Potential Energy Conservative Force Conservative force or field is a force field in which the total mechanical energy of an isolated system is conserved. Examples, Gravitation, Electrostatic,
More informationSNC1DI Unit Review: Static & Current Electricity
SNC1DI Unit Review: Static & Current Electricity 1. Be able to recognize the definitions for the following terms: Friction Contact Induction Lightning Electrostatic Series Pithball electroscope Insulators
More informationElectroscope Used to are transferred to the and Foil becomes and
Electricity Notes Chapter 17 Section 1: Electric Charge and Forces Electric charge is a variety of independent all with one single name. Electricity is related to, and both (-) and (+) carry a charge.
More informationElectricity Worksheet (p.1) All questions should be answered on your own paper.
Electricity Worksheet (p.1) 1. In terms of attraction and repulsion, how do negative particles affect negative particles? How do negatives affect positives? 2. What happens to electrons in any charging
More informationChapter 21 Electric Current and Direct- Current Circuits
Chapter 21 Electric Current and Direct- Current Circuits Units of Chapter 21 Electric Current Resistance and Ohm s Law Energy and Power in Electric Circuits Resistors in Series and Parallel Kirchhoff s
More informationObjects can be charged by rubbing
Electrostatics Objects can be charged by rubbing Charge comes in two types, positive and negative; like charges repel and opposite charges attract Electric charge is conserved the arithmetic sum of the
More informationRenewable Energy Systems
Renewable Energy Systems 2 Buchla, Kissell, Floyd Chapter Outline Electrical Fundamentals 2 Buchla, Kissell, Floyd 2-1 ENERGY, CHARGE, AND VOLTAGE 2-2 ELECTRICAL CURRENT 2-3 RESISTANCE AND OHM'S LAW 2-4
More informationUnit 3 BLM Answers UNIT 3 BLM 3-46
UNIT 3 BLM 3-46 Unit 3 BLM Answers BLM 3-3, Charge Transfer Diagrams 1. Positively charged objects should have more (+) than ( ). Negatively charged objects should have more ( ) than (+). 2. They must
More informationChapter 21. Electric Charge
Chapter 21 Electric Charge Electric Charge When an amber rod is rubbed with fur, some of the electrons on the atoms in the fur are transferred to the amber: Electric Charge: Water (H2O) molecule can be
More informationPhysics 142 Steady Currents Page 1. Steady Currents
Physics 142 Steady Currents Page 1 Steady Currents If at first you don t succeed, try, try again. Then quit. No sense being a damn fool about it. W.C. Fields Electric current: the slow average drift of
More informationProperties of Electric Charge
1 Goals 2 Properties of Electric Charge 2 Atomic Structure: Composed of three main particles: 1. Proton 2. Neutron 3. Electron Things to Remember: 3 Everything is made of atoms. Electrons can move from
More informationChapter 16. Current and Drift Speed. Electric Current, cont. Current and Drift Speed, cont. Current and Drift Speed, final
Chapter 6 Current, esistance, and Direct Current Circuits Electric Current Whenever electric charges of like signs move, an electric current is said to exist The current is the rate at which the charge
More informationJoy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe
Joy of Science Discovering the matters and the laws of the universe Key Words Universe, Energy, Quantum mechanics, Chemical reaction, Structure of matter Unless otherwise noted, copied pictures are taken
More informationTheme 5: Electricity in the Home
Theme 5: Electricity in the Home Static Electricity WHAT IS STATIC ELECTRICITY? Everything we see is made up of tiny little parts called atoms. So what are atoms made of? In the middle of each atom is
More informationPhysics Module Form 5 Chapter 2- Electricity GCKL 2011 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT
2.1 CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT Van de Graaf 1. What is a Van de Graaff generator? Fill in each of the boxes the name of the part shown. A device that produces and store electric charges at high voltage
More informationElectricity. Year 10 Science
Electricity Year 10 Science What is electricity? The collection or flow of electrons in the form of an electric charge What is static electricity? A stationary electrical charge that is built up on the
More information6. In a dry cell electrical energy is obtained due to the conversion of:
1. If a wire of uniform area of cross section is cut into two halves (equal in size), the resistivity of each part will be: a) Halved. b) Doubled. c) Becomes four times its initial value. d) Remains the
More informationPhysics 7B-1 (A/B) Professor Cebra. Winter 2010 Lecture 2. Simple Circuits. Slide 1 of 20
Physics 7B-1 (A/B) Professor Cebra Winter 2010 Lecture 2 Simple Circuits Slide 1 of 20 Conservation of Energy Density In the First lecture, we started with energy conservation. We divided by volume (making
More informationthe electrical nature of matter is inherent in its atomic structure E & M atoms are made up of p+, n, and e- the nucleus has p+ and n
Electric Forces and Fields E & M the electrical nature of matter is inherent in its atomic structure atoms are made up of p+, n, and e- a.k.a Electricity and Magnetism the nucleus has p+ and n surrounding
More informationCIRCUITS: Series & Parallel
CIRCUITS: Series & Parallel Last Week s BIG IDEAS: Opposite charged objects attract Like charged objects repel Last Week s BIG IDEAS: The electrons are the loose particles that move to make things charged
More information- Memorize the terms voltage, current, resistance, and power. - Know the equations Ohm s Law and the Electric Power formula
E: Know Circuit Vocabulary (Short Answer) Level 2 Prerequisites: Know Circuit Vocabulary (Short Answer); Recognize Insulators and Conductors Objectives: - Memorize the terms voltage, current, resistance,
More informationV R I = UNIT V: Electricity and Magnetism Chapters Chapter 34: Electric Current. volt ohm. voltage. current = I. The Flow of Charge (34.
IMPORTANT TERMS: Alternating current (AC) Ampere Diode Direct current (DC) Electric current Electric power Electric resistance Ohm Ohm s Law Potential difference Voltage source EQUATIONS: UNIT V: Electricity
More informationA Review of Circuitry
1 A Review of Circuitry There is an attractive force between a positive and a negative charge. In order to separate these charges, a force at least equal to the attractive force must be applied to one
More informationElectric Current & DC Circuits How to Use this File Electric Current & DC Circuits Click on the topic to go to that section Circuits
Slide 1 / 127 Slide 2 / 127 Electric Current & DC Circuits www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 127 How to Use this File Slide 4 / 127 Electric Current & DC Circuits Each topic is composed of brief direct instruction
More informationOhms Law. V = IR V = voltage in volts (aka potential difference) I = Current in amps R = resistance in ohms (Ω)
Ohms Law V = IR V = voltage in volts (aka potential difference) I = Current in amps R = resistance in ohms (Ω) Current How would you define it? Current the movement of electric charge through a medium
More informationNote on Posted Slides
Note on Posted Slides These are the slides that I intended to show in class on Wed. Mar. 13, 2013. They contain important ideas and questions from your reading. Due to time constraints, I was probably
More informationChapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 25 Electric Currents and Resistance Units of Chapter 25 The Electric Battery Electric Current Ohm s Law: Resistance and Resistors Resistivity Electric Power Units of Chapter 25 Power in Household
More informationCircuits. Electric Current & DC Circuits. Slide 1 / 127. Slide 2 / 127. Slide 3 / 127. Slide 4 / 127. Slide 5 / 127. Slide 6 / 127
Slide 1 / 127 Slide 2 / 127 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Electric Current & DC Circuits www.njctl.org Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org
More informationPreview of Period 10: Electric Charge and Force
Preview of Period 10: Electric Charge and Force 10.1 Electric Charge and Forces What happens when you place a negatively charged rod near an object? How do charges cause objects to move? 10.2 Conductors,
More informationChapter19-Magnetism and Electricity
Chapter19-Magnetism and Electricity Magnetism: attraction of a magnet for another object. Magnetic poles: north & south ends of a magnet, they exert the strongest forces Like poles repel each other, unlike
More information670 Intro Physics Notes: Electric Current and Circuits
Name: Electric Current Date: / / 670 Intro Physics Notes: Electric Current and Circuits 1. Previously, we learned about static electricity. Static electricity deals with charges that are at rest. 2. Now
More informationElectric Currents and Simple Circuits
-1 Electric Currents and Simple Circuits Electrons can flow along inside a metal wire if there is an E-field present to push them along ( F= qe). The flow of electrons in a wire is similar to the flow
More informationElectric Force and Charges. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. What are Atoms Made of?
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition Electrical Forces and Charges Conservation of Charge Coulomb s Law Conductors and Insulators Chapter 22: ELECTROSTATICS Charging Charge Polarization Electric Field Electric
More informationELECTRICITY UNIT REVIEW
ELECTRICITY UNIT REVIEW S1-3-04: How does the Atomic Model help to explain static electricity? 1. Which best describes static electricity? a) charges that can be collected and held in one place b) charges
More informationELECTRICITY Electric Fence Experiment.
ELECTRICITY Electric Fence Experiment. Can you guess what will happen? What would life be like without electricity? List 4 things that you would miss the most: 1) 2) 3) 4) Positive and Negative Charge
More informationRevision checklist SP10. SP10 Electricity and Circuits. SP10a Electric circuits. SP10b Current and potential difference
Electricity and Circuits a Electric circuits Describe the basic structure of an atom (positions, relative masses and relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons). Recognise the circuit symbols
More information