A NOTE ON THE COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE FOR ARRAYS OF B-VALUED RANDOM VARIABLES

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1 Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 52 (205), No. 3, pp A NOTE ON THE COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE FOR ARRAYS OF B-VALUED RANDOM VARIABLES Yongfeng Wu and Mingzhu Song Abstract. In this article, we discuss the complete moment convergence for arrays of B-valued random variables. We obtain some new results which improve the corresponding ones of Sung and Volodin [7].. Introduction Let {Ω,F,P} be a probability space, and let B be a separable real Banach space with norm. A random element is defined to be an F-measurable mapping of Ω into B equipped with the Borel σ-algebra (that is, the σ-algebra generated by the open sets determined by ). The expected value of a B- valued random element X is defined to be the Bochner integral and denoted by EX. Let {X nk,k,n } be an array of random elements in a real Banach space. An array of rowwise random elements {X nk,k,n } is said to be stochastically dominated by a random variable X (write {X nk } X) if there exists a constant C > 0 such that sup P( X nk > x) P( X > x), x > 0. n,k Now we recall the following concepts of convergence which were introduced by Hsu and Robbins [6] and Chow [4], respectively. Definition.. A sequence of random variables {X n,n } is said to converge completely to a constant θ if P( X n θ > ε) < for all ε > 0. Received March, Mathematics Subject Classification. 60F5, 60F05, 60B2. Key words and phrases. complete moment convergence, weighted sums, B-valued random variables. 825 c 205 Korean Mathematical Society

2 826 YONGFENG WU AND MINGZHU SONG Definition.2. Let{Z n,n }beasequenceofrandomvariablesanda n > 0, b n > 0, q > 0. If a n E{bn Z n ε} q + < for some or all ε > 0, then the above result was called the complete moment convergence. Remark.. It is easily seen that the complete moment convergence is the more general version of the complete convergence (see Remark 2.). Hsu and Robbins [6] proved that the sequence of arithmetic means of independent and identically distributed random variables converges completely to the expected value if the variance of the summands is finite. This result has been generalized and extended in several directions by many authors (see, [3, 5, 7, 8, 9,, 4, 5, 7, 20, 22]). Some of these generalizations are in a Banach space setting (see, [2, 7, 8, 9, 4, 5, 7]). Chow [4] investigated the complete moment convergence for independent random variables. His result also has been generalized and extended in subsequent literatures (see, [0, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 2]). However, according to our knowledge, few articles discuss the complete moment convergence for weighted sums of arrays of Banach space valued random elements. Ahmed et al. [2] established the following theorem. Theorem A. Let {X nk,k,n } be an array of rowwise independent random elements taking values in a separable real Banach space with {X nk } X. Let {a nk,k,n } be an array of constants such that (.) sup a nk = O(n γ ) for some γ > 0 k and (.2) a nk = O(n α ) for some α < γ. Let β be such that α+β and fix δ > such that α/γ + < δ 2. If E X ν < where ν = max{+(+α+β)/γ, δ} and S n a nkx nk 0 in probability, then (.3) P( S n > ε) < for all ε > 0. Sung and Volodin [7] improved and complemented Theorem A. They obtained the following result. Theorem B. Suppose β. Let {X nk,k,n } be an array of rowwise independent random elements with {X nk } X. Let {a nk,k,n } be an array of constants satisfying (.) and (.2). Assume that a nkx nk 0 in probability. Then the following statements hold:

3 A NOTE ON THE COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE 827 (i) If +α+β < 0 and E X <, then (.3) holds. (ii) If +α+β = 0 and E( X log X ) <, then (.3) holds. (iii) If +α+β > 0 and E X +(+α+β)/γ <, then (.3) holds. In this article, we will improve Theorem B to the complete moment convergence case and will obtain a much stronger conclusion under the same conditions of Theorem B. The symbol C denotes a positive constant which is not necessarily the same one in each appearance. S n a nkx nk. 2. Preliminaries and main result We first present some useful lemmas which are important in the proof of our main result. Lemma 2. (See Acosta []). Let {X k, k n} be a sequence of independent random elements. Then there exists a positive constant C p depending only on p such that (i) for p 2, n n p E X k E n X k p E X k p, (ii) for p > 2, n E X k E n p { n ( n ) p/2 X k p E X k p + E X k }. 2 Lemma 2.2 (See Sung and Volodin [7]). Let {X nk,k,n } be an array of rowwise independent random elements. Suppose there exists δ > 0 such that X nk δ a.s. for all k and n. Put T n = X nk. If T n 0 in probability, then E T n 0 as n. Now we state our main result and its proof. Theorem 2.. Suppose β. Let {X nk,k,n } be an array of rowwise independent random elements with {X nk } X. Let {a nk,k,n } be an array of constants satisfying (.) and (.2). Assume that a nkx nk 0 in probability. Then the following statements hold: (i) If +α+β < 0 and E X <, then (2.) E { S n ε } < for all ε > 0. + (ii) If +α+β = 0 and E( X log X ) <, then (2.) holds. (iii) If +α+β > 0 and E X +(+α+β)/γ <, then (2.) holds.

4 828 YONGFENG WU AND MINGZHU SONG Remark 2.. Notice that the conditions of Theorem 2. are same as those of Theorem B and E { S n ε } + = P( S n ε > t)dt 0 ε P( S n ε > t)dt ε P( S n > 2ε), hence Theorem 2. improves Theorem B. 0 Remark 2.2. It is not difficult to find that there exists some difference among the results of Kim and Ko [9], Qiu et al. [4] and Sung and Volodin [7]. Kim and Ko [9] studied the case β = and +α+β > 0. Qiu et al. [4] discussed the caseβ and+α+β = 0. However,Sung andvolodin[7] investigated the case β and +α+β 0. Since Theorem 2. improves Theorem B, to some extent, it also improves the results of Kim and Ko [9], Qiu et al. [4] (Theorem 2 with θ = ). Proof of Theorem 2.. By the conditions (.) and (.2), without loss of generality, we may assume that (2.2) sup a nk = n γ k and (2.3) a nk = n α. We will prove (2.) by considering the following four cases. Case : +α+β < 0 By (2.3), {X nk } X and E X <, we get E { S n ε } + E S n n α+β E X <. Case 2: +α+β = 0 Since = = E { S n ε } + P( S n > ε+t)dt 0 P( S n > ε+t)dt+ P( S n > ε+t)dt 0

5 A NOTE ON THE COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE 829 P( S n > ε)+ P( S n > t)dt =: I +I 2, in order to prove (2.), we need only to show that I < and I 2 <. From Theorem B, we get immediately I <. Then we prove I 2 <. Let Y nk = a nk X nk I( a nk X nk t), Z nk = a nk X nk Y nk, then ( ) I 2 P( a nk X nk > t)dt+ P Y nk > t dt =: I 3 +I 4. From {X nk } X, (2.2), (2.3) and E( X log( X )) <, we have I 3 E a nk X nk I( a nk X nk > ) E a nk X I( X > a nk ) (by (2.2) and (2.3)) n E X I( X > n γ ) n E X I(m γ < X (m+) γ ) m= m=n m E X I(m γ < X (m+) γ ) n logm E X I(m γ < X (m+) γ ) m= E( X log X ) <. For I 4, we first prove that for all t, β and +α+β 0 (2.4) t E Z nk 0 as n and (2.5) t E Y nk 0 as n. For all t, by {X nk } X, β and E X +(+α+β)/γ <, we have t E Z nk t E Z nk

6 830 YONGFENG WU AND MINGZHU SONG t E a nk X I( a nk X > t) E a nk X I( a nk X > ) E a nk X +(+α+β)/γ I( a nk X > ) n (β+) E X +(+α+β)/γ I( X > n γ ) 0 as n. Therefore, (2.4) holds. From (2.4) and the hypothesis a nkx nk 0 in probability, we get t Y nk 0 in probability for all t. Noting that t Y nk, bylemma2.2, weknow(2.5)holds. Hence while nis sufficiently large, E Y nk t/2 holds uniformly for t. Then by the Markov inequality and Lemma 2., we have ( ) I 4 P Y nk E Y nk > t/2 dt ( ) 2 t 2 E Y nk E Y nk dt +C +C t 2 E Y nk 2 dt t 2{ } E(a nk X) 2 I( X a nk t)+t 2 P( X > a nk t) dt =: I 5 +I 6 +I 7. t 2 E(a nk X) 2 I( X a nk )dt t 2 E(a nk X) 2 I( a nk < X a nk t)dt P( X > a nk t)dt Here, weusedthefactthatifarandomvariablex nk isstochasticallydominated by a random variable X, then for all q > 0 and x > 0 E X nk q I( X nk x) {E X q I( X x)+x q P( X > x)}. For I 7, by a similar argument as in the proof of I 3 <, we have I 7 E a nk X I( X > a nk ) <.

7 A NOTE ON THE COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE 83 For I 5, we have I 5 E(a nk X) 2 I( X a nk ) E(a nk X) 2 I( X n γ ) +C E(a nk X) 2 I(n γ < X a nk ) =: I 5 +I 5. From (2.2) and (2.3), we get I 5 a nk (sup a nk )EX 2 I( X n γ ) k n γ EX 2 I( X n γ ) n n γ EX 2 I((m ) γ < X m γ ) m= EX 2 I((m ) γ < X m γ ) m= n=m n γ m γ EX 2 I((m ) γ < X m γ ) E X <. m= By a similar argument as in the proof of I 3 <, we have I 5 E a nk X I(n γ < X a nk ) E a nk X I( X > n γ ) n E X I( X > n γ ) <. Next we consider I 6. Noting that = m= t 2 E(a nk X) 2 I( a nk < X a nk t)dt m+ m t 2 E(a nk X) 2 I( < a nk X t)dt

8 832 YONGFENG WU AND MINGZHU SONG = = m 2 E(a nk X) 2 I( < a nk X m+) m= m m 2 E(a nk X) 2 I(s < a nk X s+) m= s= s= E(a nk X) 2 I(s < a nk X s+) m=s s E(a nk X) 2 I(s < a nk X s+) s= E a nk X I( a nk X > ). m 2 Hence by a similar argument as in the proof of I 3 <, we have I 6 E a nk X I( X > a nk ) <. The proof of (2.) for +α+β = 0 is completed. Case 3: 0 < +α+β < γ (i.e., < +(+α+β)/γ < 2) As in Case 2, by Theorem B, we can prove that I <. By a similar argument as in Case 2 and E X +(+α+β)/γ <, we have m I 3 E X I(m γ < X (m+) γ ) n α+β m= m α+β+ E X I(m γ < X (m+) γ ) m= E X +(+α+β)/γ <. Notice that (2.4) and (2.5) also hold for + α + β > 0, we need only to prove I 4 <. By similar arguments as in Case 2, we can prove that I5 <, I5 <, I 6 < and I 7 <. Here we omit the details. Case 4: +α+β γ (i.e., +(+α+β)/γ 2) As in Case 2, we can prove that I <, I 3 <, (2.4) and (2.5). Hence we need only to prove I 4 <. Take η > 0 such that η > max{+( +α+ β)/γ, 2(+β)/(r α)}. By the Markov inequality and Lemma 2., we have ( ) I 4 P Y nk E Y nk > t/2 dt { ( ) η/2 t η E Y nk η + E Y nk }dt 2 t η E Y nk η dt+c ( ) η/2 t η E Y nk 2 dt

9 A NOTE ON THE COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE 833 =: I 8 +I 9. By {X nk } X, we have I 8 +C +C t η{ } E a nk X η I( X a nk t)+t η P( X > a nk t) dt =: I 0 +I +I 2. t η E a nk X η I( X a nk )dt t η E a nk X η I( a nk < X a nk t)dt P( X > a nk t)dt By a similar argument as in the proof of I 7 <, we get I 2 <. By a similar argument as in the proof of I 6 < (by replacing exponent 2 into η), we get I <. For I 0, we have I 0 E a nk X η I( X n γ ) +C E a nk X η I(n γ < X a nk ) =: I 0 +I 0. By a similar argument as in the proof of I 5 <, we get I0 n α+β (η )γ E X η I( X n γ ) E X +(+α+β)/γ <. Take θ > 0 such that < θ < +(+α+β)/γ. Obviously θ < η, then I 0 E a nk X θ I(n γ < X a nk ) n α+β (θ )γ E X θ I( X > n γ ) n α+β (θ )γ E X θ I(m γ < X (m+) γ ) m= m=n m E X θ I(m γ < X (m+) γ ) n α+β (θ )γ

10 834 YONGFENG WU AND MINGZHU SONG m +α+β (θ )γ E X θ I(m γ < X (m+) γ ) m= E X +(+α+β)/γ <. Finally, we prove I 9 <. From (2.2), (2.3) and η > 2(+β)/(r α), we have ( ) η/2 I 9 t η a 2 nk E X nk 2 dt t (sup η a nk k ) η/2 a nk E X 2 dt (γ α)η/2 (E X 2 ) η/2 <. The proof is complete. 3. Complete moment convergence of moving average processes As an application, we state one result on the complete moment convergence of moving average processes, which improves Theorem 4. of Sung and Volodin [7]. Theorem 3.. Suppose β. Let {Y k, < k < } be a doubly infinite sequence of independent random elements which are stochastically dominated by a random variable X. Let {a k, < k < } be an absolutely summable sequence of real numbers and set X i = k= a i+ky k, i. Assume that n i= X i/n /p 0 in probability, where p < 2. Then the following statements hold: (i) If β >, p < 2 and E X p(β+2) <, then { n } /p E X i εn /p < for all ε > 0. i= (ii) If < p < 2 and E X p <, then { n } n /p E X i εn /p i= (iii) If E( X log X ) <, then { n } n 2 E X i εn i= < for all ε > 0. < for all ε > 0. Proof. Let X nk = Y k and a nk = n /p n i= a i+k for < k < and n. ThentheresultfollowsbyTheorem2.withα = /p,γ = /pand p < 2 (see the proof of Theorem 4. in [7]).

11 A NOTE ON THE COMPLETE MOMENT CONVERGENCE 835 References [] A. de Acosta, Inequalities for B-valued random vectors with applications to the strong law of large numbers, Ann. Probab. 9 (98), no., [2] S. E. Ahmed, R. Giuliano Antonini, and A. Volodin, On the rate of complete convergence for weighted sums of arrays of Banach space valued random elements with application to moving avurage processes, Statist. Probab. Lett. 58 (2002), no. 2, [3] L. E. Baum and M. Katz, Convergence rates in the law of large numbers, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 20 (965), [4] Y. S. Chow, On the rate of moment convergence of sample sums and extremes, Bull. Inst. Math. Acad. Sinica 6 (988), no. 3, [5] A. Gut, Complete convergence for arrays, Period. Math. Hungar. 25 (992), no., [6] P. L. Hsu and H. Robbins, Complete convergence and the law of large numbers, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 33 (947), [7] T. C. Hu, D. Li, A. Rosalsky, and A. Volodin, On the rate of complete convergence for weighted sums of arrays of Banach space valued random elements, Theory Probab. Appl. 47 (2002), no. 3, [8] T. C. Hu, A. Rosalsky, D. Szynal, and A. Volodin, On complete convergence for arrays of rowwise independent random elements in Banach spaces, Stochastic Anal. Appl. 7 (999), no. 6, [9] T. S. Kim and M. H. Ko, On the complete convergence of moving average process with Banach space valued random elements, J. Theoret. Probab. 2 (2008), no. 2, [0], Complete moment convergence of moving average processes under dependence assumptions, Statist. Probab. Lett. 78 (2008), no. 7, [] D. Li, M. B. Rao, T. F. Ting, and X. C. Wang, Complete convergence and almost sure convergence of weighted sums of random variables, J. Theoret. Probab. 8 (995), no., [2] Y. X. Li and L. X. Zhang, Complete moment convergence of moving-average processes under dependence assumptions, Statist. Probab. Lett. 70 (2004), no. 3, [3] H. Y. Liang, D. L. Li, and A. Rosalsky, Complete moment and integral convergence for sums of negatively associated random variables, Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.) 26 (200), no. 3, [4] D. H. Qiu, T. C. Hu, M. O. Cabrera, and A. Volodin, Complete convergence for weighted sums of arrays of Banach-space-valued random elements, Lith. Math. J. 52 (202), no. 3, [5] S. H. Sung, Complete convergence for weighted sums of arrays of rowwise independent B-valued random variables, Stochastic Anal. Appl. 5 (997), no. 2, [6], Moment inequalities and complete moment convergence, J. Inequal. Appl (2009), Article ID 27265, doi:0.55/2009/ [7] S. H. Sung and A. Volodin, A note on the rate of complete convergence for weighted sums of arrays of Banach space valued random elements, Stochastic Anal. Appl. 29 (20), no. 2, [8] D. C. Wang and C. Su, Moment complete convergence for sequences of B-valued iid random elements, Acta Math. Appl. Sin. 27 (2004), no. 3, [9] D. C. Wang and W. Zhao, Moment complete convergence for sums of a sequence of NA random variables, Appl. Math. J. Chinese Univ. Ser. A 2 (2006), no. 4, [20] X. Wang, M. B. Rao, and X. Yang, Convergence rates on strong laws of large numbers for arrays of rowwise independent elements, Stochastic Anal. Appl. (993), no., [2] Y. F. Wu, Convergence properties of the maximal partial sums for arrays of rowwise NA random variables, Theory Probab. Appl. 56 (202), no. 3,

12 836 YONGFENG WU AND MINGZHU SONG [22] L. X. Zhang, Complete convergence of moving average processes under dependence assumptions, Statist. Probab. Lett. 30 (996), no. 2, Yongfeng Wu College of Mathematics and Computer Science Tongling University Tongling , P. R. China address: Mingzhu Song College of Mathematics and Computer Science Tongling University Tongling , P. R. China address:

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