PHOTODETECTORS AND SILICON PHOTO MULTIPLIER

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "PHOTODETECTORS AND SILICON PHOTO MULTIPLIER"

Transcription

1 ESE seminar Photodetectors - Sipm, P. Jarron - F. Powolny 1 PHOTODETECTORS AND SILICON PHOTO MULTIPLIER ESE seminar Pierre Jarron, Francois Powolny

2 OUTLINE 2 Brief history and overview of photodetectors Types of photodetectors phototubes Semiconductor devices Avalanche or secondary electron multiplication Avalanche photodiode Introduction to silicon PM Geiger mode avalanche semiconductor devices Principle of silicon PM Process and technologies Basic architecture Performance of silicon PM Quantum resolution, detection efficiency Timing i resolution Readout electronics Applications

3 Historical beginning of photodetectors the photoelectric effect 3 When Einstein published his seminal 1905 paper p on the particle theory of light, Millikan was convinced that it had to be wrong, because light was considered as purely a wave. He undertook a long experimental program to test Einstein's theory. His results confirmed Einstein's predictions in every detail, but Millikan was not convinced of Einstein's radical interpretation, and as late as 1916 he wrote, "Einstein's photoelectric equation... cannot in my judgment be looked upon at present as resting upon any sort of a satisfactory theoretical foundation," even though "it actually represents very accurately the behavior" of the photoelectric effect.

4 Photodetectors type 4 Goal: converting the energy of absorbed photons into a measurable electrical signal Basic parameters: single photon or not, speed, gain, quantum efficiency, QE f(wavelength) 3 types

5 Photoelectric tubes single photon detection 5 All based on photocathode Devices based on electron multiplication Dynodes based photoelectric tube (PMT) Micro channel plate (MCP) based photoelectric tube Device based on electron bombarded silicon sensor Hybrid photoelectric detector Principle Generation of photoelectron with a photocathode R. Millikan experimental device Electron multiplication with secondary electron Avalanche in vacuum or ionization in silicon

6 Photo-Multiplier-Tube (PMT) history 6 Who invented the PMT It is a Russian physicist and engineer L.A Kubetsky In August 1930, he proposed a device with a photocathode and a series of dynodes multiplying the primary electron with secondary electron emission i The first photomultiplier li tube in the world: Kubetsky s k tube in 1930 But for others the first PMT was developed by V.K.Zworykin et al. at RCA in 1936

7 The photomultiplier tube 7 Photocathode, work function Typical characteristics Photocathode quantum efficiency: 30% (70% of photons are not converted) Signal gain up to 10 8 Dynode voltage: V

8 Microchannel plate (MCP) 8 MCP principle i Ultra fast Single Photon detector : pixilated MCP- PMT Done in collaboration with Space Research center Leicester and Photek for time resolved fluorescence CERN TT project photocathode th ΔV provides e - acceleration : defines transit time photocathode to MCP and e - energy for 1 st collision in the MCP Gain : ~ 10 5 to 10 6 MCP Chevron stack CERN (Rui)Multi-anode on multilayer ceramic V1 V2 d 1 z Position at t = t 1 Position at: t = t 1 +time1 z or t d res ε res Resistive layer Electrode Emitted e - : Distributed in time (TTS) and in energy Vacuum x ~ 5 10^5 e - Image intensifier ~ 2 10^6 e - 20 ps time resolution single photon detection

9 HPD CERN development 9 US HPD patent 1975 was called electron bombarded device HPD principle LHCb-RICH HPD T. Gys X HPD C. Joram

10 Semiconductor photodetectors 10 Photoconductors: t based on conductivity it variations Photodiodes: based on junction, heterojunctions PN-diodes, photovoltaic (ex: solar cells) PIN-diodes Phototransistor CCD Schottky photodiode (metal-semiconductor) Linear avalanche photodiodes(apd) Geiger mode avalanche APD Silicon PM Band gap engineered photodetectors Quantum well infrared photodetector(qwip) Stair case avalanche alanche photodiode

11 Photoconductor 11 Optical electron-hole pair generation changes the conductivity of a semiconductor material Materials: Si,Ge, PbSe, PbS, CdSe, HgCdTe, PbSnTe, InGaAs(mostlyIR) Applications: security alarm, street lights, IR-astronomy, IR-spectroscopy

12 Photovoltaic detector 12

13 PN photodiode 13 Reverse biased PN junction C-band Depleted MOS structure used in CCD V-band Reversed bias Depleted silicon depth

14 Avalanche photodiode 14 Avalanche in silicon P-N junction Known since 45 years Journal of applied physics Vol.32-6, Vol But very slow development I ph λ c h q P in M η photocurrent photon wavelength photon velocity Planck's constant electronic charge incident optical power (W) photoelectric gain quantum efficiency

15 Single photon avalanche photodiode 15 SPAD, Geiger avalanche mode Single photon detection, binary device Noise: single thermal electron Biased above breakdown V BD ( Va VBD ). CAPD Gain gain = q Very fast device : discharge of C D on the external low resistance OFF photon Quenching ON In Sensors 2008, 8,

16 Comparison of S-P photodetectors 16 PMT Linear-mode APD Geiger-mode APD Photoelectric gain 10,000 1,000, , ,000 Excess noise factor <2 >2 2 Max. detection <25% <50% 25% 100% probability Operating temperature 240 K 240 K 300 K Voltage bias >1000 V V V Detection ec speed <1 ns spuses pulses >20 ns pulses puses <1 ns spuses pulses Afterpulsing No no yes Wavelength µm µm µm Magnetic field Yes No No susceptibility Reliability <1000 hr. <100,000 hr >1000 hr.? Large array capability Yes MAPMT yes? Crosstalk N/A No Poor

17 NINO 0.25 circuit used in ALICE TOF SPAD/Sipm signal fc/single photon avalanche Gain , 1.5 ns, Current mode input stage Common gate configuration Noise 3000 e- NINO works like a QTC or TOT Jitter 10 ps rms for 100 fc NINO Block diagram Response to ultra fast analogue pulse

18 NINO 0.13 results 5 to 40 fc

Single Photon detectors

Single Photon detectors Single Photon detectors Outline Motivation for single photon detection Semiconductor; general knowledge and important background Photon detectors: internal and external photoeffect Properties of semiconductor

More information

EE 5344 Introduction to MEMS CHAPTER 5 Radiation Sensors

EE 5344 Introduction to MEMS CHAPTER 5 Radiation Sensors EE 5344 Introduction to MEMS CHAPTER 5 Radiation Sensors 5. Radiation Microsensors Radiation µ-sensors convert incident radiant signals into standard electrical out put signals. Radiant Signals Classification

More information

OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626

OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626 OPTI510R: Photonics Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona kkieu@optics.arizona.edu Meinel building R.626 Announcements Homework #6 is assigned, due May 1 st Final exam May 8, 10:30-12:30pm

More information

Lecture 16 Light transmission and optical detectors

Lecture 16 Light transmission and optical detectors Lecture 6 Light transmission and optical detectors Charged particle traversing through a material can generate signal in form of light via electromagnetic interactions with orbital electrons of the atoms

More information

Photosynthesis & Solar Power Harvesting

Photosynthesis & Solar Power Harvesting Lecture 23 Semiconductor Detectors - Photodetectors Principle of the pn junction photodiode Absorption coefficient and photodiode materials Properties of semiconductor detectors The pin photodiodes Avalanche

More information

Energetic particles and their detection in situ (particle detectors) Part II. George Gloeckler

Energetic particles and their detection in situ (particle detectors) Part II. George Gloeckler Energetic particles and their detection in situ (particle detectors) Part II George Gloeckler University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI University of Maryland, College Park, MD Simple particle detectors Gas-filled

More information

Photodetectors Read: Kasip, Chapter 5 Yariv, Chapter 11 Class Handout. ECE 162C Lecture #13 Prof. John Bowers

Photodetectors Read: Kasip, Chapter 5 Yariv, Chapter 11 Class Handout. ECE 162C Lecture #13 Prof. John Bowers Photodetectors Read: Kasip, Chapter 5 Yariv, Chapter 11 Class Handout ECE 162C Lecture #13 Prof. John Bowers Definitions Quantum efficiency η: Ratio of the number of electrons collected to the number of

More information

Chapter 4 Scintillation Detectors

Chapter 4 Scintillation Detectors Med Phys 4RA3, 4RB3/6R03 Radioisotopes and Radiation Methodology 4-1 4.1. Basic principle of the scintillator Chapter 4 Scintillation Detectors Scintillator Light sensor Ionizing radiation Light (visible,

More information

Lecture 12. Semiconductor Detectors - Photodetectors

Lecture 12. Semiconductor Detectors - Photodetectors Lecture 12 Semiconductor Detectors - Photodetectors Principle of the pn junction photodiode Absorption coefficient and photodiode materials Properties of semiconductor detectors The pin photodiodes Avalanche

More information

Radiation Detector 2016/17 (SPA6309)

Radiation Detector 2016/17 (SPA6309) Radiation Detector 2016/17 (SPA6309) Semiconductor detectors (Leo, Chapter 10) 2017 Teppei Katori Semiconductor detectors are used in many situations, mostly for some kind of high precision measurement.

More information

LEC E T C U T R U E R E 17 -Photodetectors

LEC E T C U T R U E R E 17 -Photodetectors LECTURE 17 -Photodetectors Topics to be covered Photodetectors PIN photodiode Avalanche Photodiode Photodetectors Principle of the p-n junction Photodiode A generic photodiode. Photodetectors Principle

More information

Seminar. Large Area Single Photon Detectors

Seminar. Large Area Single Photon Detectors University of Ljubljana Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Department of Physics Seminar Large Area Single Photon Detectors Rok Dolenec Mentor: prof. dr. Peter Križan 3. February 2007 Abstract Today a

More information

Detector Design Studies For High Precision Particle Physics Experiment

Detector Design Studies For High Precision Particle Physics Experiment Detector Design Studies For High Precision Particle Physics Experiment UTA-HEP-IF0001 May 11, 2013 Timothy Blake Watson High Energy Physics Group Department of Physics The University of Texas at Arlington

More information

EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection

EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection 2. Radiation Detection Dr. Steve Peterson 5.14 RW James Department of Physics University of Cape Town steve.peterson@uct.ac.za May 06, 2015 EEE4106Z :: Radiation

More information

Auxiliaire d enseignement Nicolas Ayotte

Auxiliaire d enseignement Nicolas Ayotte 2012-02-15 GEL 4203 / GEL 7041 OPTOÉLECTRONIQUE Auxiliaire d enseignement Nicolas Ayotte GEL 4203 / GEL 7041 Optoélectronique VI PN JUNCTION The density of charge sign Fixed charge density remaining 2

More information

Photodetector Basics

Photodetector Basics Photodetection: Absorption => Current Generation hυ Currents Materials for photodetection: t ti E g

More information

High quantum efficiency S-20 photocathodes for photon counting applications

High quantum efficiency S-20 photocathodes for photon counting applications High quantum efficiency S-20 photocathodes for photon counting applications D. A. Orlov a,*, J. DeFazio b, S. Duarte Pinto a, R. Glazenborg a and E. Kernen a a PHOTONIS Netherlands BV, Dwazziewegen 2,

More information

Characterisation of Silicon Photomultipliers for the T2K Experiment

Characterisation of Silicon Photomultipliers for the T2K Experiment Characterisation of Silicon Photomultipliers for the T2K Experiment, 18th May 2010 Martin Haigh, University of Oxford Outline Brief introduction to the T2K experiment. Overall configuration and goals.

More information

Reference literature. (See: CHEM 2470 notes, Module 8 Textbook 6th ed., Chapters )

Reference literature. (See: CHEM 2470 notes, Module 8 Textbook 6th ed., Chapters ) September 17, 2018 Reference literature (See: CHEM 2470 notes, Module 8 Textbook 6th ed., Chapters 13-14 ) Reference.: https://slideplayer.com/slide/8354408/ Spectroscopy Usual Wavelength Type of Quantum

More information

25 Instruments for Optical Spectrometry

25 Instruments for Optical Spectrometry 25 Instruments for Optical Spectrometry 25A INSTRUMENT COMPONENTS (1) source of radiant energy (2) wavelength selector (3) sample container (4) detector (5) signal processor and readout (a) (b) (c) Fig.

More information

Photon Instrumentation. First Mexican Particle Accelerator School Guanajuato Oct 6, 2011

Photon Instrumentation. First Mexican Particle Accelerator School Guanajuato Oct 6, 2011 Photon Instrumentation First Mexican Particle Accelerator School Guanajuato Oct 6, 2011 Outline The Electromagnetic Spectrum Photon Detection Interaction of Photons with Matter Photoelectric Effect Compton

More information

Direct WIMP Detection in Double-Phase Xenon TPCs

Direct WIMP Detection in Double-Phase Xenon TPCs Outline PMTs in the XENON dark matter experiment XENON100 and the weekly gain calibration XENON1T and candidates for the light sensors Tests of Hamamatsu R11410 2 Direct WIMP Detection in Double-Phase

More information

Photonic Communications Engineering Lecture. Dr. Demetris Geddis Department of Engineering Norfolk State University

Photonic Communications Engineering Lecture. Dr. Demetris Geddis Department of Engineering Norfolk State University Photonic Communications Engineering Lecture Dr. Demetris Geddis Department of Engineering Norfolk State University Light Detectors How does this detector work? Image from visionweb.com Responds to range

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 8. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 8. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 8 UV to IR Components of Optical Basic components of spectroscopic instruments: stable source of radiant energy transparent container to hold sample device

More information

Lect. 10: Photodetectors

Lect. 10: Photodetectors Photodetection: Absorption => Current Generation h Currents Materials for photodetection: E g < h Various methods for generating currents with photo-generated carriers: photoconductors, photodiodes, avalanche

More information

Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles

Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles Howard Fenker Jefferson Lab May 31, 2006 Outline of Talk Interactions of Particles with Matter Atomic

More information

Because light behaves like a wave, we can describe it in one of two ways by its wavelength or by its frequency.

Because light behaves like a wave, we can describe it in one of two ways by its wavelength or by its frequency. Light We can use different terms to describe light: Color Wavelength Frequency Light is composed of electromagnetic waves that travel through some medium. The properties of the medium determine how light

More information

Photodiodes and other semiconductor devices

Photodiodes and other semiconductor devices Photodiodes and other semiconductor devices Chem 243 Winter 2017 What is a semiconductor? no e - Empty e levels Conduction Band a few e - Empty e levels Filled e levels Filled e levels lots of e - Empty

More information

COURSE OUTLINE. Introduction Signals and Noise Filtering Sensors: PD5 Avalanche PhotoDiodes. Sensors, Signals and Noise 1

COURSE OUTLINE. Introduction Signals and Noise Filtering Sensors: PD5 Avalanche PhotoDiodes. Sensors, Signals and Noise 1 Sensors, Signals and Noise 1 COURSE OUTLINE Introduction Signals and Noise Filtering Sensors: PD5 Avalanche PhotoDiodes Avalanche Photo-Diodes (APD) 2 Impact ionization in semiconductors Linear amplification

More information

Photodetector. Prof. Woo-Young Choi. Silicon Photonics (2012/2) Photodetection: Absorption => Current Generation. Currents

Photodetector. Prof. Woo-Young Choi. Silicon Photonics (2012/2) Photodetection: Absorption => Current Generation. Currents Photodetection: Absorption => Current Generation h Currents Materials for photodetection: E g < h Various methods for generating currents with photo-generated carriers: photoconductors, photodiodes, avalanche

More information

Chapter 4. Photodetectors

Chapter 4. Photodetectors Chapter 4 Photodetectors Types of photodetectors: Photoconductos Photovoltaic Photodiodes Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) Resonant-cavity photodiodes MSM detectors In telecom we mainly use PINs and APDs.

More information

Introduction to Radiation Monitoring

Introduction to Radiation Monitoring Introduction to Radiation Monitoring Iain Darby Honorary Research Fellow, University of Glasgow iain.darby@glasgow.ac.uk https://at.linkedin.com/in/idarby https://www.facebook.com/iain.darby.662 Outline

More information

PoS(TIPP2014)033. Upgrade of MEG Liquid Xenon Calorimeter. Ryu SAWADA. ICEPP, the University of Tokyo

PoS(TIPP2014)033. Upgrade of MEG Liquid Xenon Calorimeter. Ryu SAWADA. ICEPP, the University of Tokyo ICEPP, the University of Tokyo E-mail: sawada@icepp.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp The MEG experiment yielded the most stringent upper limit on the branching ratio of the flavorviolating muon decay µ + e + γ. A major

More information

Solution to the ion feedback problem in Hybrid Photon Detectors and Photo Multiplier Tubes a

Solution to the ion feedback problem in Hybrid Photon Detectors and Photo Multiplier Tubes a 1 Solution to the ion feedback problem in Hybrid Photon Detectors and Photo Multiplier Tubes a Daniel Ferenc 1,2b, Dario Hrupec 1 and e-mail: Daniel.Ferenc@cern.ch Eckart Lorenz 3 1 Rudjer Bošković Institute,

More information

ECEN 5645 Introduc0on to Optoelectronics Class Mee0ng 25. Non- PIN Solid State Detectors

ECEN 5645 Introduc0on to Optoelectronics Class Mee0ng 25. Non- PIN Solid State Detectors ECEN 5645 Introduc0on to Optoelectronics Class Mee0ng 25 Non- PIN Solid State Detectors Today s Topics Avalanche Photodiodes Problem 5.6 APD Numerics and Examples Heterojunc0on Detectors Problem 5.10 Quantum

More information

Semiconductor Physical Electronics

Semiconductor Physical Electronics Semiconductor Physical Electronics Sheng S. Li Department of Electrical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Plenum Press New York and London Contents CHAPTER 1. Classification of Solids

More information

Syllabus: UHH ASTR 450 (F18): Astronomical Instrumentation

Syllabus: UHH ASTR 450 (F18): Astronomical Instrumentation Syllabus: UHH ASTR 450 (F18): Astronomical Instrumentation Prof. Klaus W. Hodapp This course is the final course in the 3-course series on optics and astronomical instrumentation offered at UHH. We will

More information

arxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 4 May 2016

arxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 4 May 2016 Study of the breakdown voltage of SiPMs V. Chmill a,b, E. Garutti a, R. Klanner a,, M. Nitschke a, and J. Schwandt a a Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D

More information

Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy. Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy

Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy. Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy Topic 1: Atomic Spectroscopy Text: Chapter 12,13 & 14 Rouessac (~2 weeks) 1.0 Review basic concepts in Spectroscopy 2.0 Atomic Absorption and Graphite Furnace Instruments 3.0 Inductively Coupled Plasmas

More information

Photodetectors and their Spectral Ranges

Photodetectors and their Spectral Ranges Photodetectors and their Spectral Ranges SINGLE ELEMENT IMAGE - photoemission devices vacuum photodiode pickup tubes (or external gas photodiode image intensifiers photoelectric devices) photomultiplier

More information

Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detector for Belle II ARICH detector

Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detector for Belle II ARICH detector University of Ljubljana Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Physics department Seminar I Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detector for Belle II ARICH detector Author: Mitja Predikaka Suprevisors: dr. Rok Pestotnik

More information

GEM: A new concept for electron amplification in gas detectors

GEM: A new concept for electron amplification in gas detectors GEM: A new concept for electron amplification in gas detectors F. Sauli, Nucl. Instr. & Methods in Physics Research A 386 (1997) 531-534 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Two-step amplification: MWPC combined

More information

Semiconductor Optoelectronics Prof. M. R. Shenoy Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

Semiconductor Optoelectronics Prof. M. R. Shenoy Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Semiconductor Optoelectronics Prof. M. R. Shenoy Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Lecture - 1 Context and Scope of the Course (Refer Slide Time: 00:44) Welcome to this course

More information

A RICH Photon Detector Module with G-APDs

A RICH Photon Detector Module with G-APDs A RICH Photon Detector Module with G-APDs S. Korpar a,b, H. Chagani b, R. Dolenec b, P. Križan b,c, R. Pestotnik b, A. Stanovnik b,c a University of Maribor, b J. Stefan Institute, c University of Ljubljana

More information

Factors Affecting Detector Performance Goals and Alternative Photo-detectors

Factors Affecting Detector Performance Goals and Alternative Photo-detectors XENON Experiment - SAGENAP Factors Affecting Detector Performance Goals and Alternative Photo-detectors Department of Physics Brown University Source at http://gaitskell.brown.edu Gaitskell Review WIMP

More information

Study of novel gaseous photomultipliers for UV and visible light

Study of novel gaseous photomultipliers for UV and visible light Study of novel gaseous photomultipliers for UV and visible light Thesis for the degree of Ph. D. in physics presented to the Scientific Council of the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel by

More information

1 Name: Student number: DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND. Fall :00-11:00

1 Name: Student number: DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND. Fall :00-11:00 1 Name: DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND Final Exam Physics 3000 December 11, 2012 Fall 2012 9:00-11:00 INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Answer all seven (7) questions.

More information

Chapter 6: Basic radiation detectors

Chapter 6: Basic radiation detectors Chapter 6: Basic radiation detectors Set of 60 slides based on the chapter authored by C.W.E. VAN EIJK Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands of the publication

More information

Introduction CHAPTER 01. Light and opto-semiconductors. Opto-semiconductor lineup. Manufacturing process of opto-semiconductors.

Introduction CHAPTER 01. Light and opto-semiconductors. Opto-semiconductor lineup. Manufacturing process of opto-semiconductors. CHAPTER 0 Light and opto-semiconductors - -2 Light Opto-semiconductors P. 0 P. 3 2 Opto-semiconductor lineup P. 5 3 Manufacturing process of opto-semiconductors P. 6 9 CHAPTER 0. Light and opto-semiconductors

More information

PHYS 3446 Lecture #12

PHYS 3446 Lecture #12 PHYS 3446 Lecture #12 Wednesday, Oct. 18, 2006 Dr. 1. Particle Detection Ionization Detectors MWPC Scintillation Counters Time of Flight 1 Announcements Next LPCC Workshop Preparation work Each group to

More information

Detector technology. Aim of this talk. Principle of a radiation detector. Interactions of gamma photons (gas) Gas-filled detectors: examples

Detector technology. Aim of this talk. Principle of a radiation detector. Interactions of gamma photons (gas) Gas-filled detectors: examples Aim of this tal Detector technology WMIC Educational Program Nuclear Imaging World Molecular Imaging Congress, Dublin, Ireland, Sep 5-8, 202 You can now the name of a bird in all the languages of the world,

More information

Stepwise Solution Important Instructions to examiners:

Stepwise Solution Important Instructions to examiners: (ISO/IEC - 700-005 Certified) SUMMER 05 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 70 Model Answer (Applied Science- Physics) Page No: 0/6 Que. No. Sub. Que. Important Instructions to examiners: ) The answers should be

More information

Phys 4061 Lecture Thirteen Photodetectors

Phys 4061 Lecture Thirteen Photodetectors Phys 4061 Lecture Thirteen Photodetectors Recall properties of indirect band gap materials that are used as photodetectors Photoelectric Effect in Semiconductors hν > Eg + χ χ is the electron affinity

More information

JRA3: Technology development for high-time-resolution astronomy

JRA3: Technology development for high-time-resolution astronomy JRA3: Technology development for high-time-resolution astronomy ( HTRA: ~ 10 ms -- 1μs ) Objectives: - To develop the most promising technologies for HTRA - Assess relative strengths/areas of application

More information

SiPM cryogenic operation down to 77 K

SiPM cryogenic operation down to 77 K SiPM cryogenic operation down to 77 K D. Prêle 1, D. Franco 1, D. Ginhac 2, K. Jradi 2,F.Lebrun 1, S. Perasso 1, D. Pellion 2, A. Tonazzo 1, F. Voisin 1, 1 APC, Univ. Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu,

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 19 Chapter 12. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 19 Chapter 12. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 19 Chapter 12 There are three major techniques used for elemental analysis: Optical spectrometry Mass spectrometry X-ray spectrometry X-ray Techniques include:

More information

8 Photo detectors. 8.1 Detector characteristics Responsivity R

8 Photo detectors. 8.1 Detector characteristics Responsivity R A photo detector is a device that converts the incident optical energy in a measurable signal, e.g., a voltage signal or an electric current. Photo detectors can be subdivided into two main classes: Photon

More information

Scintillation Detectors

Scintillation Detectors Radiation Measurement Systems Scintillation Detectors Ho Kyung Kim Pusan National University Scintillation detector = scintillator + light sensor Scintillators Inorganic alkali halide crystals Best light

More information

The Potential of SiPM as Photon Detector in Astroparticle Physics Experiments like MAGIC and EUSO

The Potential of SiPM as Photon Detector in Astroparticle Physics Experiments like MAGIC and EUSO 1 The Potential of SiPM as Photon Detector in Astroparticle Physics Experiments like MAGIC and EUSO N. Otte a B. Dolgoshein b J. Hose a S. Klemin c E. Lorenz a R. Mirzoyan a E. Popova b M. Teshima a a

More information

Radioactivity. Lecture 6 Detectors and Instrumentation

Radioactivity. Lecture 6 Detectors and Instrumentation Radioactivity Lecture 6 Detectors and Instrumentation The human organs Neither humans nor animals have an organ for detecting radiation from radioactive decay! We can not hear it, smell it, feel it or

More information

Proposal for Cherenkov Time of Flight Technique with Picosecond Resolution

Proposal for Cherenkov Time of Flight Technique with Picosecond Resolution 1 Proposal for Cherenkov Time of Flight Technique with Picosecond Resolution S. Majewski 1, A. Margaryan 2, L. Tang 1 1 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA 2 Yerevan

More information

Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles

Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles Howard Fenker Jefferson Lab June 14, 2012 12 GeV Detector Systems Hall-C Hall-B 1 Outline of Talk

More information

Key words: avalanche photodiode, soft X-ray detector, scintillation γ-ray detector, imaging device PACS: 07.85;95.55.A;85.60.D

Key words: avalanche photodiode, soft X-ray detector, scintillation γ-ray detector, imaging device PACS: 07.85;95.55.A;85.60.D We have studied the performance of large area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) recently developed by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K, in high-resolution X-rays and γ- rays detections. We show that reach-through APD

More information

Performance of the MCP-PMT for the Belle II TOP counter

Performance of the MCP-PMT for the Belle II TOP counter Performance of the MCP-PMT for the Belle II TOP counter a, S. Hirose b, T. Iijima ab, K. Inami b, Y. Kato a, Y. Maeda a, R. Mizuno b, Y. Sato a and K. Suzuki b a Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University

More information

Characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) for Silicon Geiger Hybrid Tube (SiGHT) to Improve Dark Matter Experiments

Characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) for Silicon Geiger Hybrid Tube (SiGHT) to Improve Dark Matter Experiments Characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) for Silicon Geiger Hybrid Tube (SiGHT) to Improve Dark Matter Experiments Phuoc Quach Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los

More information

Response curve measurement of the SiPM

Response curve measurement of the SiPM Response curve measurement of the SiPM The theoritical formula : N Fired = N pix. (1 (1 1/N pix ) Npe ) does not hold because: 1) crosstalk and afterpulses increases N Fired (by a factor 1 / (1 ε) for

More information

Designing Information Devices and Systems II A. Sahai, J. Roychowdhury, K. Pister Discussion 1A

Designing Information Devices and Systems II A. Sahai, J. Roychowdhury, K. Pister Discussion 1A EECS 16B Spring 2019 Designing Information Devices and Systems II A. Sahai, J. Roychowdhury, K. Pister Discussion 1A 1 Semiconductor Physics Generally, semiconductors are crystalline solids bonded into

More information

Atmospheric Extinction

Atmospheric Extinction Atmospheric Extinction Calibrating stellar photometry requires correction for loss of light passing through the atmosphere. Atmospheric Rayleigh and aerosol scattering preferentially redirects blue light

More information

Seminar talks. Overall description of CLAS12 (Jefferson Lab) MAPS. Talks on Feb. 6 th, (Contact JR) (Contact TS)

Seminar talks. Overall description of CLAS12 (Jefferson Lab) MAPS. Talks on Feb. 6 th, (Contact JR) (Contact TS) Seminar talks Overall description of CLAS12 (Jefferson Lab) (Contact JR) MAPS (Contact TS) Talks on Feb. 6 th, 2015 Review old ionization detectors: Emulsion, Cloud chambers, Ionization chambers, Spark

More information

Scintillators General Characteristics

Scintillators General Characteristics Scintillators General Characteristics Principle: de/dx converted into visible light Detection via photosensor [e.g. photomultiplier, human eye ] Main Features: Sensitivity to energy Fast time response

More information

Detecting high energy photons. Interactions of photons with matter Properties of detectors (with examples)

Detecting high energy photons. Interactions of photons with matter Properties of detectors (with examples) Detecting high energy photons Interactions of photons with matter Properties of detectors (with examples) Interactions of high energy photons with matter Cross section/attenution length/optical depth Photoelectric

More information

Queen s University PHYS 352

Queen s University PHYS 352 Page 1 of 5 Queen s University Faculty of Applied Science; Faculty of Arts and Science Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy PHYS 352 Measurement, Instrumentation and Experiment Design

More information

Peter Fischer, ziti, Universität Heidelberg. Silicon Detectors & Readout Electronics

Peter Fischer, ziti, Universität Heidelberg. Silicon Detectors & Readout Electronics Silicon Detectors and Readout Electronics Peter Fischer, ziti, Universität Heidelberg 1 Content of the Lecture (sorted by subject) Introduction: Applications of silicon detectors Requirements, measured

More information

John Ellison University of California, Riverside. Quarknet 2008 at UCR

John Ellison University of California, Riverside. Quarknet 2008 at UCR Cosmic Rays John Ellison University of California, Riverside Quarknet 2008 at UCR 1 What are Cosmic Rays? Particles accelerated in astrophysical sources incident on Earth s atmosphere Possible sources

More information

EE 6313 Homework Assignments

EE 6313 Homework Assignments EE 6313 Homework Assignments 1. Homework I: Chapter 1: 1.2, 1.5, 1.7, 1.10, 1.12 [Lattice constant only] (Due Sept. 1, 2009). 2. Homework II: Chapter 1, 2: 1.17, 2.1 (a, c) (k = π/a at zone edge), 2.3

More information

Time-of-Flight PET using Cherenkov Photons Produced in PbF 2

Time-of-Flight PET using Cherenkov Photons Produced in PbF 2 Photons Produced in PbF 2 R. Dolenec a, S. Korpar b,a, P. Križan c,a, R. Pestotnik a, A. Stanovnik d,a a, Ljubljana, Slovenia b Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia

More information

GEM-based gaseous Photomultipliers for UV and visible photon imaging. Dirk Mörmann Amos Breskin Rachel Chechik Marcin Balcerzyk Bhartendu Singh

GEM-based gaseous Photomultipliers for UV and visible photon imaging. Dirk Mörmann Amos Breskin Rachel Chechik Marcin Balcerzyk Bhartendu Singh GEM-based gaseous Photomultipliers for UV and visible photon imaging Dirk Mörmann Amos Breskin Rachel Chechik Marcin Balcerzyk Bhartendu Singh Gaseous Photomultiplier State of the art: Advantages: large

More information

Structural Optimization of Silicon Carbide PIN Avalanche Photodiodes for UV Detection

Structural Optimization of Silicon Carbide PIN Avalanche Photodiodes for UV Detection Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 56, No. 2, February 2010, pp. 672 676 Structural Optimization of Silicon Carbide PIN Avalanche Photodiodes for UV Detection Ho-Young Cha School of Electronic

More information

3. Excitation and Detection of Fluorescence

3. Excitation and Detection of Fluorescence 3. Excitation and Detection of Fluorescence In this chapter, we examine key experimental components and methods to observe weakly fluorescing objects. We consider in turn the excitation source, the detectors,

More information

Modeling Internal Heating of Optoelectronic Devices Using COMSOL

Modeling Internal Heating of Optoelectronic Devices Using COMSOL Modeling Internal Heating of Optoelectronic Devices Using COMSOL Nathan Brunner 1,2 1 Voxtel, Inc. Beaverton, OR*; 2 Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR *nathanb@voxtel-inc.com, 15985

More information

Sheng S. Li. Semiconductor Physical Electronics. Second Edition. With 230 Figures. 4) Springer

Sheng S. Li. Semiconductor Physical Electronics. Second Edition. With 230 Figures. 4) Springer Sheng S. Li Semiconductor Physical Electronics Second Edition With 230 Figures 4) Springer Contents Preface 1. Classification of Solids and Crystal Structure 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Bravais Lattice

More information

C101-E116. Talk Letter. Vol.4 March 2010

C101-E116. Talk Letter. Vol.4 March 2010 C101-E116 UV Talk Letter Vol.4 March 2010 UV UV Talk Letter Detectors Talk Letter Vol.4 March 2010 In the context of spectrophotometers, the term "detector" refers to a light-receiving element that absorbs

More information

Solid-State Impact-Ionization Multiplier

Solid-State Impact-Ionization Multiplier Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Theses and Dissertations 2006-03-21 Solid-State Impact-Ionization Multiplier Hong-Wei Lee Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. Supplementary Figure 1 Characterization of another locally gated PN junction based on boron

Supplementary Figure 1. Supplementary Figure 1 Characterization of another locally gated PN junction based on boron Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Characterization of another locally gated PN junction based on boron nitride and few-layer black phosphorus (device S1). (a) Optical micrograph of device S1.

More information

Shoei NAKAYAMA Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo

Shoei NAKAYAMA Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo Recent Progress in the Development of Photomultiplier Tubes Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo E-mail: shoei@suketto.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp Photomultiplier tubes

More information

Supplementary material for High responsivity mid-infrared graphene detectors with antenna-enhanced photo-carrier generation and collection

Supplementary material for High responsivity mid-infrared graphene detectors with antenna-enhanced photo-carrier generation and collection Supplementary material for High responsivity mid-infrared graphene detectors with antenna-enhanced photo-carrier generation and collection Yu Yao 1, Raji Shankar 1, Patrick Rauter 1, Yi Song 2, Jing Kong

More information

Modular Survey Spectrometer and Compton Imager

Modular Survey Spectrometer and Compton Imager 1 Modular Survey Spectrometer and Compton Imager Audrey MacLeod Ionizing Radiation Standards Measurement Science and Standards National Research Council Canada On behalf of the SCoTSS collaboration (Silicon

More information

Lecture 5 Junction characterisation

Lecture 5 Junction characterisation Lecture 5 Junction characterisation Jon Major October 2018 The PV research cycle Make cells Measure cells Despair Repeat 40 1.1% 4.9% Data Current density (ma/cm 2 ) 20 0-20 -1.0-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Voltage

More information

CHAPTER 6. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands Radiation detectors complexity and relevance

CHAPTER 6. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands Radiation detectors complexity and relevance CHAPTER 6 C.W.E. VAN EIJK Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands 6.1. INTRODUCTION 6.1.1. Radiation detectors complexity and relevance Radiation detectors are of

More information

Classification of Solids

Classification of Solids Classification of Solids Classification by conductivity, which is related to the band structure: (Filled bands are shown dark; D(E) = Density of states) Class Electron Density Density of States D(E) Examples

More information

Development of High-Z Semiconductor Detectors and Their Applications to X-ray/gamma-ray Astronomy

Development of High-Z Semiconductor Detectors and Their Applications to X-ray/gamma-ray Astronomy Development of High-Z Semiconductor Detectors and Their Applications to X-ray/gamma-ray Astronomy Taka Tanaka (SLAC/KIPAC) 9/19/2007 SLAC Advanced Instrumentation Seminar Outline Introduction CdTe Diode

More information

Experiment 2-7. Planck constant measurement. using photoelectric effect

Experiment 2-7. Planck constant measurement. using photoelectric effect Experiment 2-7. Planck constant measurement using photoelectric effect Purpose of Experiment Consider a situation where no circuitry is connected externally to the positive and negative electrodes of the

More information

Solar Cell Materials and Device Characterization

Solar Cell Materials and Device Characterization Solar Cell Materials and Device Characterization April 3, 2012 The University of Toledo, Department of Physics and Astronomy SSARE, PVIC Principles and Varieties of Solar Energy (PHYS 4400) and Fundamentals

More information

Time of Flight measurements with MCP-PMT

Time of Flight measurements with MCP-PMT International Symposium on the Development of Detectors, 2006/4 at SLAC Time of Flight measurements with MCP-PMT - Very high resolution TOF counter - Lifetime of MCP-PMTs T.Ohshima, K.Inami, N.Kishimoto,

More information

Development of HPDs. for applications. in physics and medical imaging

Development of HPDs. for applications. in physics and medical imaging Development of HPDs for applications in physics and medical imaging A. Braem, E. Chesi, Christian Joram, J. Séguinot, P. Weilhammer CERN / PH representing the CIMA collaboration and the C2GT team Beaune

More information

3.1 Absorption and Transparency

3.1 Absorption and Transparency 3.1 Absorption and Transparency 3.1.1 Optical Devices (definitions) 3.1.2 Photon and Semiconductor Interactions 3.1.3 Photon Intensity 3.1.4 Absorption 3.1 Absorption and Transparency Objective 1: Recall

More information

Tests of the BURLE 64-anode MCP PMT as the detector of Cherenkov photons

Tests of the BURLE 64-anode MCP PMT as the detector of Cherenkov photons Tests of the BURLE 64-anode MCP PMT as the detector of Cherenkov photons Peter Križan University of Ljubljana and J. Stefan Institute Contents Motivation and requirements BURLE MCP-PMT Beam test results

More information

CCD OPERATION. The BBD was an analog delay line, made up of capacitors such that an analog signal was moving along one step at each clock cycle.

CCD OPERATION. The BBD was an analog delay line, made up of capacitors such that an analog signal was moving along one step at each clock cycle. CCDS Lesson 4 CCD OPERATION The predecessor of the CCD was a device called the BUCKET BRIGADE DEVICE developed at the Phillips Research Labs The BBD was an analog delay line, made up of capacitors such

More information

Siletz APD Products. Model VFP1-xCAA, VFP1-xKAB Packaged APDs

Siletz APD Products. Model VFP1-xCAA, VFP1-xKAB Packaged APDs Siletz Packaged APD Features Hermetically packaged reduced-noise NIR InGaAs avalanche photodiode (R-APD) Siletz APD Products Single-Carrier Multiplication APDs (SCM-APD) in hermetic packages with optional

More information

The pn junction. [Fonstad, Ghione]

The pn junction. [Fonstad, Ghione] The pn junction [Fonstad, Ghione] Band diagram On the vertical axis: potential energy of the electrons On the horizontal axis: now there is nothing: later we ll put the position qf s : work function (F

More information