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1 Idices d Surds.. Defiitio of Idices. If is o ero re or igir uer d is the positive iteger the ties. Here is ced the se d the ide power or epoet... Lws of Idices where d re rtio uers where d re rtio uers 0 p / q q p 7 If the ut the coverse ot e true. For epe: ut i If or 0 the ii If the e re uer iii If the e oth eve or oth odd iv If 0 the e oero re uer But if we hve to sove the equtios ike [ f ] [ f ] Ψ the we hve to sove : f f c f 0 d Ψ Verifictio shoud e doe i d c cses. is ot ws true I re doi o whe 0 0 I cope doi. if t est oe of d is positive. 9 If the cosider the foowig cses : i If the 0 ii If 0 the hve re vue iii If the is eve.
2 Idices d Surds If we hve to sove the equtio of the for ] [ ] [ g f i.e. se ide differet ses the we hve to sove g f g f c 0 Verifictio shoud e doe i d c cses. Epe: For 0 c Does ot eist d Noe of these Soutio:.. 0 Epe: If d the / / c / d /9 Soutio: d k e i.. s. The k So k. Therefore 9 Epe: / 7.. c d 0 Soutio: ] [7 7] [ Epe: If the [UPSEAT 999] c d 0 Soutio: c. Cer Epe: The equtio 0 9. hs the soutio c d Soutio: Put. The 0 9 which gives Whe Whe o 0 which is ot possie... Defiitio of Surds. A root of uer which c ot e ect foud is ced surd. Let e rtio uer d is positive iteger. If the th root of i.e. / is irrtio the it is ced surd of order. Order of surd is idicted the uer deotig the root.
3 / Idices d Surds For epe 7 9 re surds of secod third fifth d th order respective. A secod order surd is ofte ced qudrtic surd surd of third order is ced cuic surd. Note : If is ot rtio is ot surd... Tpes of Surds. For epe 7 is ot surd s 7 is ot rtio uer. Sipe surd : A surd cosistig of sige ter. For epe etc. Pure d ied surds : A surd cosistig of who of irrtio uer is ced pure surd. Epe : 7 A surd cosistig of the product of rtio uer d irrtio uer is ced ied surd. Epe :. Copoud surds : A epressio cosistig of the su or differece of two or ore surds. Epe : etc. Siir surds : If the surds re differet utipes of the se surd the re ced siir surds. Epe : 0 re siir surds ecuse the re equ to d respective. Bioi surds : A copoud surd cosistig of two surds is ced ioi surd. Epe : etc. Bioi qudrtic surds: Bioi surds cosistig of pure or sipe surds of order two i.e. the surds of the for c d or c re ced ioi qudrtic surds. Two ioi qudrtic surds which differ o i the sig which coects their ters re sid to e cojugte or copeetr to ech other. The product of ioi qudrtic surd d its cojugte is ws rtio. For epe: The cojugte of the surd 7 is the surd 7... Properties of Qudrtic Surds. The squre root of rtio uer cot e epressed s the su or differece of rtio uer d qudrtic surd. If two qudrtic surds cot e reduced to others which hve ot the se irrtio prt their product is irrtio. Oe qudrtic surd cot e equ to the su or differece of two others ot hvig the se irrtio prt. d. If c d where d c re rtio d d re irrtio the c d
4 Idices d Surds Epe: The gretest uer og 9 7 is 9 c 7 d C ot e deteried Soutio: 9 7 L. C. M of is / / / / / / / / / Hece 9 is the gretest uer. Epe: 7 The vue of is Soutio: c c d Give frctio Epe: If ; the Soutio: c d Noe of these / / / /... Rtioistio Fctors. / If two surds e such tht their product is rtio the ech oe of the is ced rtioisig fctor of the other. Thus ech of d is rtioisig fctor of ech other. Siir d re rtioisig fctors of ech other s which is rtio. To fid the fctor which wi rtioie give ioi surd : Cse I:Suppose the give surd is suppose Now / P P / q d et e the L.C.M. of p d q. The q d re oth rtio. is divisie for vues of d.... Thus the rtioiig fctor is.... d the rtio product is Cse II: Let the give surd e p q. Let hve the se eig s i Cse I. If is eve the... is divisie + d
5 Thus the rtioiig fctor is.... Idices d Surds d the rtio product is If is odd is divisie d... Thus the rtioiig fctor is.... d the rtio product is Epe: 9 Soutio: d The rtioisig fctor of / / Let / / / / is / / the c / / / / d So rtioisig fctor is. Put the vue of d Thus the required rtioisig fctor is...7 Squre Roots of + d + + c + d Where c d re Surds. Let where 0 re rtio uers. / / The squrig oth sides we hve So After sovig we c fid d. Siir squre root of c e foud tkig tke To fid squre root of + + c + d : Let c d 0 d c d. The squrig d equtig we get equtios i. O sovig these equtios we c fid the required squre roots. Note : If is ot perfect squre the squre root of c't fid the vue of i the for of copoud surd. is copicted i.e. we If the If is rtio uer i c d re surds the d c cd c d ii c d d cd c c d c d
6 Idices d Surds iii c d c d d c cd Epe: 0 is equ to c / d Soutio: c Let. Ovious d. So 9 or After sovig. Hece Epe: Soutio: [ 0 0 0] c d Let c c c c c 0. The c 0 c 0 c c 900 c 0 0. So c Therefore Epe: 7 / c d Noe of these Soutio: 7 [.. ] 7... Cue Root of Bioi Qudrtic Surd. If / / the where is rtio uer d is surd. Procedure of fidig / / is iustrted with the hep of epe : Tkig 7 0 we get o cuig oth sides As c ot e reduced et us ssue we get 0 Which does't stisf 7 Agi tkig we get stisf Epe:
7 Idices d Surds 7 c d Noe of these Soutio: 0 So 0. Therefore Equtios Ivovig Surds. Whie sovig equtios ivovig surds usu we hve to squre o squrig the doi of the equtio eteds d we get soe etreous soutios d so we ust verif the soutios d egect those which do ot stisf the equtio. Note tht fro i.e. 0 or to cocude is ot correct. The correct procedure is 0. Here ecessit of verifictio is required. Epe: The equtio R hs Oe soutio Two soutio c Four soutio d No soutio Soutio: d Give...i Squrig oth sides we get Squrig gi we get which does ot stisf equtio i Hece there is o soutio of the give equtio. ***
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