Measurement p. 1 What Is Physics? p. 2 Measuring Things p. 2 The International System of Units p. 2 Changing Units p. 3 Length p. 4 Time p. 5 Mass p.

Transcription

1 Measurement p. 1 What Is Physics? p. 2 Measuring Things p. 2 The International System of Units p. 2 Changing Units p. 3 Length p. 4 Time p. 5 Mass p. 7 Review & Summary p. 8 Problems p. 8 Motion Along a Straight Line p. 13 What Is Physics? p. 14 Motion p. 14 Position and Displacement p. 14 Average Velocity and Average Speed p. 15 Instantaneous Velocity and Speed p. 17 Acceleration p. 19 Constant Acceleration: A Special Case p. 21 Another Look at Constant Acceleration p. 24 Free-Fall Acceleration p. 24 Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis p. 27 Review & Summary p. 28 Questions p. 29 Problems p. 30 Vector p. 38 What Is Physics? p. 39 Vectors and Scalars p. 39 Adding Vectors Geometrically p. 39 Components of Vectors p. 40 Unit Vectors p. 44 Adding Vectors by Components p. 45 Vectors and the Laws of Physics p. 48 Multiplying Vectors p. 48 Review & Summary p. 52 Questions p. 52 Problems p. 53 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions p. 58 What Is Physics? p. 59 Position and Displacement p. 59 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity p. 61 Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration p. 63

2 Projectile Motion p. 65 Projectile Motion Analyzed p. 66 Uniform Circular Motion p. 70 Relative Motion in One Dimension p. 72 Relative Motion in Two Dimensions p. 73 Review & Summary p. 75 Questions p. 76 Problems p. 77 Force and Motion - I p. 87 What Is Physics? p. 88 Newtonian Mechanics p. 88 Newton's First Law p. 88 Force p. 89 Mass p. 90 Newton's Second Law p. 91 Some Particular Forces p. 94 Newton's Third Law p. 99 Applying Newton's Laws p. 99 Review & Summary p. 105 Questions p. 106 Problems p. 108 Force and Motion - II p. 116 What Is Physics? p. 117 Friction p. 117 Properties of Friction p. 118 The Drag Force and Terminal Speed p. 122 Uniform Circular Motion p. 124 Review & Summary p. 129 Questions p. 130 Problems p. 131 Kinetic Energy and Work p. 140 What Is Physics? p. 141 What Is Energy? p. 141 Kinetic Energy p. 141 Work p. 142 Work and Kinetic Energy p. 143 Work Done by the Gravitational Force p. 146 Work Done by a Spring Force p. 149 Work Done by a General Variable Force p. 152 Power p. 155 Review & Summary p. 157

3 Questions p. 158 Problems p. 159 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy p. 166 What Is Physics? p. 167 Work and Potential Energy p. 167 Path Independence of Conservative Forces p. 168 Determining Potential Energy Values p. 170 Conservation of Mechanical Energy p. 173 Reading a Potential Energy Curve p. 175 Work Done on a System by an External Force p. 179 Conservation of Energy p. 182 Review & Summary p. 186 Questions p. 187 Problems p. 189 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum p. 201 What Is Physics? p. 202 The Center of Mass p. 202 Newton's Second Law for a System of Particles p. 206 Linear Momentum p. 209 The Linear Momentum of a System of Particles p. 210 Collision and Impulse p. 210 Conservation of Linear Momentum p. 214 Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions p. 217 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension p. 218 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension p. 221 Collisions in Two Dimensions p. 224 Systems with Varying Mass: A Rocket p. 224 Review & Summary p. 226 Questions p. 228 Problems p. 229 Rotation p. 241 What Is Physics? p. 242 The Rotational Variables p. 242 Are Angular Quantities Vectors? p. 246 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration p. 247 Relating the Linear and Angular Variables p. 249 Kinetic Energy of Rotation p. 252 Calculating the Rotational Inertia p. 253 Torque p. 256 Newton's Second Law for Rotation p. 257 Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy p. 260

4 Review & Summary p. 263 Questions p. 265 Problems p. 266 Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum p. 275 What Is Physics? p. 276 Rolling as Translation and Rotation Combined p. 276 The Kinetic Energy of Rolling p. 277 The Forces of Rolling p. 278 The Yo-Yo p. 281 Torque Revisited p. 281 Angular Momentum p. 283 Newton's Second Law in Angular Form p. 285 The Angular Momentum of a System of Particles p. 287 The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis p. 287 Conservation of Angular Momentum p. 290 Precession of a Gyroscope p. 293 Review & Summary p. 295 Questions p. 296 Problems p. 297 Equilibrium and Elasticity p. 305 What Is Physics? p. 306 Equilibrium p. 306 The Requirements of Equilibrium p. 307 The Center of Gravity p. 308 Some Examples of Static Equilibrium p. 310 Indeterminate Structures p. 314 Elasticity p. 315 Review & Summary p. 319 Questions p. 319 Problems p. 321 Gravitation p. 330 What Is Physics? p. 331 Newton's Law of Gravitation p. 331 Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition p. 333 Gravitation Near Earth's Surface p. 335 Gravitation Inside Earth p. 337 Gravitation Potential Energy p. 338 Planets and Satellites: Kepler's Laws p. 342 Satellites: Orbits and Energy p. 345 Einstein and Gravitation p. 347 Review & Summary p. 349

5 Questions p. 350 Problems p. 351 Fluids p. 359 What Is Physics? p. 360 What Is a Fluid? p. 360 Density and Pressure p. 360 Fluids at Rest p. 362 Measuring Pressure p. 365 Pascal's Principle p. 366 Archimedes' Principle p. 367 Ideal Fluids in Motion p. 370 The Equation of Continuity p. 371 Bernoulli's Equation p. 373 Review & Summary p. 377 Questions p. 378 Problems p. 379 Oscillations p. 386 What Is Physics? p. 387 Simple Harmonic Motion p. 387 The Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion p. 390 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion p. 392 An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator p. 394 Pendulums p. 395 Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion p. 399 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion p. 400 Forced Oscillations and Resonance p. 402 Review & Summary p. 403 Questions p. 403 Problems p. 405 Waves-I p. 413 What Is Physics? p. 414 Types of Waves p. 414 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves p. 414 Wavelength and Frequency p. 416 The Speed of a Traveling Wave p. 418 Wave Speed on a Stretched String p. 412 Energy and Power of a Wave Traveling Along a String p. 423 The Wave Equation p. 425 The Principle of Superposition for Waves p. 426 Interference of Waves p. 427 Phasors p. 429

6 Standing Waves p. 431 Standing Waves and Resonance p. 433 Review & Summary p. 436 Questions p. 436 Problems p. 438 Waves-II p. 445 What Is Physics? p. 446 Sound Waves p. 446 The Speed of Sound p. 446 Traveling Sound Waves p. 449 Interference p. 451 Intensity and Sound Level p. 453 Sources of Musical Sound p. 457 Beats p. 459 The Doppler Effect p. 460 Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves p. 464 Review & Summary p. 465 Questions p. 466 Problems p. 467 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics p. 476 What Is Physics? p. 477 Temperature p. 477 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics p. 477 Measuring Temperature p. 478 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales p. 478 Thermal Expansion p. 482 Temperature and Heat p. 484 The Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids p. 485 A Closer Look at Heat and Work p. 488 The First Law of Thermodynamics p. 490 Some Special Cases of the First Law of Thermodynamics p. 491 Heat Transfer Mechanisms p. 493 Review & Summary p. 497 Questions p. 498 Problems p. 500 The Kinetic Theory of Gases p. 507 What Is Physics? p. 508 Avogadro's Number p. 508 Ideal Gases p. 509 Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed p. 512 Translational Kinetic Energy p. 514

7 Mean Free Path p. 515 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds p. 517 The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas p. 520 Degrees of Freedom and Molar Specific Heats p. 523 A Hint of Quantum Theory p. 525 The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas p. 526 Review & Summary p. 529 Questions p. 530 Problems p. 531 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics p. 536 What Is Physics? p. 537 Irreversible Processes and Entropy p. 537 Change in Entropy p. 538 The Second Law of Thermodynamics p. 542 Entropy in the Real World: Engines p. 543 Entropy in the Real World: Refrigerators p. 548 The Efficiencies of Real Engines p. 549 A Statistical View of Entropy p. 550 Review & Summary p. 554 Questions p. 555 Problems p. 555 Appendices p. A-1 The International System of Units (SI) p. A-1 Some Fundamental Constants of Physics p. A-3 Some Astronomical Data p. A-4 Conversion Factors p. A-5 Mathematical Formulas p. A-9 Properties of the Elements p. A-12 Periodic Table of the Elements p. A-15 Answers to Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems p. AN-1 Index p. I-1 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.