Research Article Multiple Positive Solutions for m-point Boundary Value Problem on Time Scales

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1 Hindawi Publishing Corporation Boundary Value Problems Volume 11, Article ID 59119, 11 pages doi:1.1155/11/59119 Research Article Multiple Positive olutions for m-point Boundary Value Problem on Time cales Jie Liu 1, and Hong-Rui un 1 Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 735, China chool of Mathematics and tatistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73, China Correspondence should be addressed to Hong-Rui un, hrsun@lzu.edu.cn Received 9 May 1; Accepted 6 August 1 Academic Editor: Feliz Manuel Minhós Copyright q 11 J. Liu and H.-R. un. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The purpose of this article is to establish the existence of multiple positive solutions of the dynamic equation on time scales φ u Δ t h t f t, u t,u Δ t, t,t T, subject to the multipoint boundary condition u Δ, u T m a iu ξ i,whereφ : R R is an increasing homeomorphism and satisfies the relation φ xy φ x φ y for x, y R, which generalizes the usually p-laplacian operator. An example applying the result is also presented. The main tool of this paper is a generalization of Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem, and the interesting points are that the nonlinearity f contains the first-order derivative explicitly and the operator φ is not necessarily odd. 1. Introduction The study of dynamic equations on time scales goes back to its founder Hilger 1, andisa new area of still fairly theoretical exploration in mathematics. On one hand, the time scales approach not only unifies calculus and difference equations, but also solves other problems that have a mix of stop-start and continuous behavior. On the other hand, the time scales calculus has tremendous potential for application in biological, phytoremediation of metals, wound healing, stock market and epidemic models 6. Let T be a time scale an arbitrary nonempty closed subset of the real numbers R. For each interval I of R, we define I T I T. For more details on time scales, one can refer to 1 3, 5. In this paper we are concerned with the existence of at least triple positive solutions to the following m-point boundary value problems on time scales φ u Δ t h t f t, u t,u Δ t, t,t T, 1.1

2 Boundary Value Problems u Δ, m u T a i u ξ i, 1. where φ : R R is an increasing homeomorphism and φ xy φ x φ y for x, y R. Multipoint boundary value problem BVP arise in a variety of different areas of applied mathematics and physics, such as the vibrations of a guy wire of a uniform cross section and composed of N parts of different densities can be set up as a multipoint boundary value problem 7. mall size bridges are often designed with two ported points, which leads to a standard two-point boundary value condition. And large size bridges are sometimes contrived with multipoint ports, which corresponds to a multipoint boundary value condition 8. Especially, if we let u t denotes the displacement of the bridge from the unloaded position, and we emphasize the position of the bridge at porting points near t, we can obtain the multipoint boundary condition 1.. The study of multipoint BVPs for linear second-order ordinary differential equations was initiated by Ilin and Moiseev 9, since then many authors studied more general nonlinear multipoint boundary value problems. We refer readers to 8, 1 14 and the references therein. Recently, when φ is p-laplacian operator, that is φ u u p u p > 1, andthe nonlinear term does not depend on the first-order derivative, the existence problems of positive solutions of boundary value problems have attracted much attention, see 1, 1, 15 in the continuous case, see 15, 3 5 in the discrete case and 11, 13, 14, 6, 7 in the general time scale setting. From the process of proving main results in the above references, one can notice that the oddness of the p-laplacian operator is key to the proof. However in this paper the operator φ is not necessary odd, so it improves and generalizes the p-laplacian operator. One may note this from Example 3.3 in ection 3. In addition, Bai and Ge 16 generalized the Leggett-Williams fixed point theorems by using fixed point index theory. An application of the theorem is given to prove the existence of three positive solutions to the following second-order BVP: u t f t, u t,u t, t, 1, 1.3 with Dirichlet boundary condition. They also extended the results to four-point BVP in 1. When φ u u p u and the nonlinearity f is not involved with the first-order derivative u Δ t, in 7, un and Li discussed the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for problems 1.1 and 1.. The main tools used are fixed point theorems in cones. Thanks to the above-mentioned research articles 16, 7, in this paper we consider the existence of multiple positive solutions for the more general dynamic equation on time scales 1.1 with m-point boundary condition 1.. An example is also given to illustrate the main results. The obtained results are even new for the special cases of difference equations and differential equations, as well as in the general time scale setting. The main result extends and generalizes the corresponding results of Liu 18 and Webb 1 T R, φ u u, T 1, m 3, f t, u, v f u, un and Li 7 φ u u p u, f t, u, v f t, u. Wealso emphasize that in this paper the nonlinear term f is involved with the first-order delta derivative u Δ t, the operator φ is not necessary odd and have the more generalized form, and the tool is a generalized Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem 16. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: in ection, we give some preliminaries which are needed later. ection 3 is due to develop existence criteria for at least three and arbitrary odd number positive solution of the boundary value problem 1.1 and 1..Inthe

3 Boundary Value Problems 3 final part of this section, we present an example to illustrate the application of the obtained result. Throughout this paper, the following hypotheses hold: H1,T T, <ξ 1 <ξ < <ξ m <ρ T, ξ i T, a i fori 1,...,m, and d 1 m a i > ; H η max{t T :<t T/} exists and h C ld,t T,, such that < h s s < and f :,T T,,, is continuous.. Preliminaries In this section, we first present some basic definition, then we define an appropriate Banach space, cone, and integral operator, and finally we list the fixed-point theorem which is needed later. Definition.1. uppose P is a cone in a Banach space B. The map α is said to be a nonnegative continuous concave convex functional on P provided that α : P, is continuous and α λx 1 λ y λα x 1 λ α y x, y P, λ 1..1 Let the Banach space B C 1 ld,t T be endowed with the norm u max{ u, u Δ }, where u max u t, u Δ u Δ t,. and choose the cone P B as P {u B : u t fort,t T,u Δ andu is concave in,t T }..3 Now we define the operator A : P B by Au t φ t 1 m a i φ d ξ i..4 From the definition of A and the assumptions of H1, H, we can easily obtain that for each u P, Au t fort,t T and Au Δ. From the fact that φ Au Δ t h t f t, u t,u Δ t, t,t T,.5

4 4 Boundary Value Problems we know that Au is concave in,t T.ThusA : P P and Au is the maximum value of Au t. In addition, by direct calculation, we get that each fixed point of the operator A in P is a positive solution of 1.1 and 1.. imilar as the proof of Lemma.3 in 7, itiseasyto see that A : P P is completely continuous. uppose α and β are two nonnegative continuous convex functionals satisfying x L max { α x,β x }, x P,.6 where L is a positive constant, and Ω { x P α x <r, β x <l } /, r >, l>..7 Let r > a >, l> be given, α, β nonnegative continuous convex functionals on P satisfying the relation.6 and.7, andγ a nonnegative continuous concave functional on P. We define the following convex sets: P α, r; β, l { u P : α u <r, β u <l }, P α, r; β, l { u P : α u r, β u l }, P α, r; β, l; γ,a { u P : α u <r, β u <l, γ u >a },.8 P α, r; β, l; γ,a { u P : α u r, β u l, γ u a }. In order to prove our main results, the following fixed point theorem is important in our argument. Lemma. see 16. Let B be Banach space, P B a cone, and r d>b>r 1 >, l l 1 >. Assume that α and β are nonnegative continuous convex functionals satisfying.6 and.7, γ is a nonnegative continuous concave functional on P such that γ u α u for all u P α, r ; β, l, and A : P α, r ; β, l P α, r ; β, l is a completely continuous operator. uppose C1 {u P α, d; β, l ; γ,b : γ u >b} /, γ Au >bfor u P α, d; β, l ; γ,b ; C α Au <r 1, β Au <l 1 for u P α, r 1 ; β, l 1 ; C3 γ Au >bfor u P α, r ; β, l ; γ,b with α Au >d. Then A has at least three fixed points u 1,u,u 3 P α, r ; β, l with u 1 P α, r 1 ; β, l 1, u { P α, r ; β, l ; γ,b } γ u >b, u 3 P α, r ; β, l \ P α, r ; β, l ; γ,b P α, r 1 ; β, l Main Results In this section, we impose some growth conditions on f which allow us to apply Lemma. to the operator A defined in ection to establish the existence of three positive solutions of

5 Boundary Value Problems and 1.. We note that, from the nonnegativity of h and f, the solution of 1.1 and 1. is nonnegative and concave on,t T. First in view of Lemma.4in 7, we know that for u P, there is u t T t /T u for t,t T. o we get u t T η T u 1 u for t [,η ] T. 3.1 Let the nonnegative continuous convex functionals α, β and the nonnegative continuous concave functional γ be defined on the cone P by α u max u t, β u u Δ t, γ u min u t, u P. 3. t,η T Then, it is easy to see that u max{α u,β u } and.6,.7 hold. Now, for convenience we introduce the following notations. Let φ h τ τ, M T η η φ N φ h τ τ Δs 1 m a i φ d ξ i h τ τ, h τ τ Δs. 3.3 Theorem 3.1. Assume f t,, / for t,t T. If there are positive numbers r b >b>r 1 >,l l 1 > with b/m min{r /N, l /}, such that the following conditions are satisfied i f t, u, v min{ φ r /N, φ l / } for t, u, v,t T,r l, ; ii f t, u, v > φ b/m for t, u, v,η T b, b l, ; iii f t, u, v < min{ φ r 1 /N, φ l 1 / } for t, u, v,t T,r 1 l 1,. then the problem 1.1, 1. has at least three positive solutions u 1,u,u 3 satisfying max u 1 t <r 1, b< min t,η T u t max u t r, max u 3 t < b with min t,η T u 3 t <b, u Δ 1 t <l1, u Δ t l, u Δ 3 t l. 3.4 Proof. By the definition of operator A and its properties, it suffices to show that the conditions of Lemma. hold with respect to the operator A. We first show that if the condition i is satisfied, then A : P α, r ; β, l P α, r ; β, l. 3.5

6 6 Boundary Value Problems In fact, if u P α, r ; β, l, then α u max u t r, β u u Δ t l, 3.6 so assumption i implies { f t, u t,u Δ t min φ r, φ N l }, t,t T. 3.7 On the other hand, for u P, there is Au P; then Au t is concave in,t T,andAu Δ t for t,t T,so α Au max Au t Au φ 1 m a i φ d ξ i r φ h τ τ N r, β Au Au Δ t Au Δ T m Δs 1 a i φ d ξ i φ h τ f τ, u τ,u Δ τ τ l φ h τ τ l. Therefore, 3.5 holds. In the same way, if u P α, r 1 ; β, l 1, then condition iii implies { f t, u t,u Δ t < min φ r 1,φ l } 1 N h τ τ Δs for t,t T As in the argument above, we can get that A : P α, r 1 ; β, l 1 P α, r 1 ; β, l 1. Thus, condition C of Lemma. holds. Next we show that condition C1 in Lemma. holds. We choose u t b for t,t T. It is easy to see that u P α, b; β, l ; γ,b, γ u b >b, 3.1

7 Boundary Value Problems 7 and consequently { u P α, b; β, l ; γ,b } : γ u >b / Therefore, for u P α, b; β, l ; γ,b, there are b u t b, u Δ t l for t [,η ] T. 3.1 Hence in view of hypothesis ii, we have f t, u t,u Δ t > φ b M for t [,η ] T o by the definition of the functional γ, weseethat γ Au min,η T Au t Au η φ η 1 m a i φ d ξ i φ η φ η > b M η η φ η h τ τ Δs b M b. M 3.14 Therefore, we get γ Au >bfor u P α, b; β, l ; γ,b, and condition C1 in Lemma. is fulfilled. We finally prove that C3 in Lemma. holds. In fact, for u P α, r ; β, l ; γ,b with α Au > b, we have γ Au minau t Au η T η max Au t 1 α Au >b.,η T T 3.15

8 8 Boundary Value Problems Thus from Lemma. and the assumption that f t,, / on,t T,theBVP 1.1 and 1. has at least three positive solutions u 1,u,andu 3 in P α, r ; β, l with u 1 P α, r 1 ; β, l 1, u { P α, r ; β, l ; γ,b : γ u >b }, u 3 P α, r ; β, l \ P α, r ; β, l ; γ,b P α, r 1 ; β, l The fact that the functionals α and β on P satisfy an additional relation 1/ α u γ u for u P implies that max u 3 t < b The proof is complete. From Theorem 3.1, we see that, when assumptions as i, ii, and iii are imposed appropriately on f, we can establish the existence of an arbitrary odd number of positive solutions of 1.1 and 1.. Theorem 3.. uppose that there exist constants <r 1 <b 1 < b 1 r <b < b r n, <l 1 l l n, n N 3.18 with { b i M min r N, l } for 1 i n such that the following conditions hold: i f t, u, v < min{ φ r i /N, φ l i / } for t, u, v,t T,r i l i,l i, 1 i n; ii f t, u, v > φ b i /M for t, u, v,η T b i, b i l,l, 1 i n. Then, BVP 1.1 and 1. has at least n 1 positive solutions. Proof. When n 1, it is immediate from condition i that A : P α, r 1 ; β, l 1 P α, r 1 ; β, l 1, which means that A has at least one fixed point u 1 P α, r 1 ; β, l 1 by the chauder fixed point theorem. When n, it is clear that the hypothesis of Theorem 3.1 holds. Then we can obtain at least three positive solutions u 1,u, and u 3. Following this way, we finish the proof by induction. The proof is complete. In the final part of this section, we give an example to illustrateour results.

9 Boundary Value Problems 9 Example 3.3. Let T, 1 {1 1/ N }, where N denote nonnegative integer numbers set. If we choose T, η 1, m 4, a 1 a 1/3, ξ 1 1/, ξ 3/, and h t 1and consider the following BVP on time scale T: φ u Δ t f t, u t,u Δ t, t, T, u Δ, u 1 3 u u, 3. where 1 1 t 3 u3 f t, u, v 1 1 u, u ; φ u u, u >. v 3, t, 1 T,u, 3, v, ; v 3 t 18, t, 1 T,u 3,, v,, 3.1 obviously the hypotheses H1, H hold and f t,, / on, T. By simple calculations, we have φ 1 s 1, M φ 1 s 1, Ñ T 1 m a i T ξ i φ d h s s Observe that N φ h τ τ m Δs 1 a i φ d ξ i < T 1 m a i T ξ i φ h s s Ñ. d h τ τ Δs 3.3

10 1 Boundary Value Problems If we choose r 18, b, r 1 1/3, and l 78, l 1 1, then f t, u, v satisfies f t, u, v 45 { min φ r Ñ { < min φ r N, φ, φ l } l }, t, u, v, T, 18 78, 78 ; f t, u, v < f t, u, v > 4 b M { min φ r 1 Ñ 4 { < min φ r 1 Ñ for t, u, v, 1 T, 4 78, 78,, φ, φ l } 1 l 1 } [, t, u, v, T, 1 ], o all conditions of Theorem 3.1 hold. Thus by Theorem 3.1, the problem 3. has at least three positive solutions u 1,u,u 3 such that max u 1 t < 1 3 ; < min t,η T u t max u t 18; max u 3 t < 4 with min t,η T u 3 t <, u Δ 1 t < 1, u Δ t 78, u Δ 3 t Acknowledgments This work was ported by the NNF of China and NF of Gansu Province of China 83RJZA96. References 1. Hilger, Analysis on measure chains-a unified approach to continuous and discrete calculus, Results in Mathematics, vol. 18, no. 1-, pp , 199. M. Bohner and A. Peterson, Dynamic Equations on Time cales: an Introduction with Applications, Birkhäuser, Boston, Mass, UA, 1. 3 M. Bohner and A. Peterson, Advances in Dynamic Equations on Time cales, Birkhäuser, Boston, Mass, UA, 3. 4 M. A. Jones, B. ong, and D. M. Thomas, Controlling wound healing through debridement, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, vol. 4, no. 9-1, pp , 4. 5 V. Lakshmikantham,. ivasundaram, and B. Kaymakcalan, Dynamic systems on measure chains, vol. 37 of Mathematics and Its Applications, Kluwer Academic, Boston, Mass, UA, V. pedding, Taming nature s numbers, New cientist, vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 8 3, 3. 7 J. Adem and M. Moshinsky, elf-adjointness of a certain type of vectorial boundary value problems, Boletín de la ociedad Matemática Mexicana, vol. 7, pp. 1 17, 195.

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