Numerical Analysis: Trapezoidal and Simpson s Rule
|
|
- Candace Waters
- 2 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 nd Simpson s
2 Mthemticl question we re interested in numericlly nswering How to we evlute I = f (x) dx? Clculus tells us tht if F(x) is the ntiderivtive of function f (x) on the intervl [, b], then I = f (x) dx = F (x) b = F (b) F (). Prcticlly, most integrls cnnot be evluted using this pproch. For exmple, 1 dx 1 + x 5 hs complicted ntiderivtive nd it esier to dopt numericl method to pproximte this integrl.
3 Integrtion: A Generl Frmework If you cnnot solve problem, then replce it with ner-by problem tht you cn solve! Our problem: Evlute I = f (x) dx. To do so, mny of the numericl schemes re bsed on replcing f (x) with some pproximte function f (x) so tht I f (x) dx = Ĩ. Exmple: f (x) could be n esy to integrte function pproximting f (x).
4 Integrtion: A Generl Frmework Then, the pproximtion error in this cse is E = I Ĩ = ( ) f (x) f (x) dx (b ) mx x b f (x) f (x) The inequlity bove tells us tht the pproximtion error E depends on: 1 the mximum error in the pproximting f (x) tht is mx x b f (x) f (x), nd 2 (b ), the width of the intervl. Next Gol: How to choose f (x)?
5 Polynomil Approximtions to f (x) Gol Choose n pproximtion f (x) to f (x) tht is esily integrble nd good pproximtion to f (x). Two nturl cndidtes: 1 Tylor polynomils pproximting f (x). One cvet: We need f (x) to hve derivtives t to exist of higher order to improve the pproximtion! 2 Interpolting polynomils pproximting f (x).
6 Exmple Exmple Consider evluting I = 1 e x2 dx Use the Tylor expnsion to pproximte f (x) = e x2. Tht is, f (x) = 1 + t + t2 2! + + tn n! + t n+1 (n + 1)! ec, t = x 2, }{{} reminder term R n(x) where c is n unknown number between nd t = x 2.
7 Solution Solution: I = Tking n = 3, we hve (1 + x 2 + x 4 x 2(n+1) (n + 1)! ec dx. 2! + + x 2n n! ) dx I = E = E, 42 where E = 1 x 2(n+1) (n+1)! ec dx nd we need bound on this reminder term. < E e 24 1 x 8 dx = e 216 =.126.
8 Using Interpolting Polynomils In spite of the simplicity of the bove exmple, it is generlly more difficult to do numericl integrtion by constructing Tylor polynomil pproximtions thn by constructing polynomil interpoltes. Thus, we construct the function f (x) s the polynomil interpolting f (x) such tht f (x) dx f (x) dx. Cse I: Use liner interpolting polynomil p 1 (x) pproximting f (x) t two points. We pick nd b.
9 Using Liner Interpolting Polynomils f (x) = p 1 (x) where Thus, p 1 (x) = (b x)f () + (x )f (b). b f (x) dx p 1 (x) dx (b x)f () + (x )f (b) dx b [ ] f () + f (b) T 1 (f ) = b 2
10 Definition ( ) The integrtion rule f (x) dx b [ ] f () + f (b) = T 1 (f ) 2 is clled the trpezoidl rule.
11 Exmple using Exmple Evlute π/2 sin x dx using the trpezoidl rule. π/2 sin x dx π 4 [ ] sin + sin(π/2) = π/ Since we know the true vlue I = π/2 sin x dx = cos(π/2) + cos() = 1, π/2 sin x dx T 1 (f ) = =.215.
12 How to improve the ccurcy of the integrtion rule? An intuitive solution is to improve the ccurcy of f (x) by pplying the rule on smller subintervls of [, b] insted of pplying it to the originl intervl [, b] tht is pply it to integrls of f (x) on smller subintervls. For exmple, let c = +b 2 then, f (x) dx = c c 2 = h 2 f (x) dx + c [ f () + f (c) f (x) dx [ f () + 2f (c) + f (b) ] + b c 2 ] T 2 (f ), [ ] f (c) + f (b) where h = b 2.
13 Testing on the previous exmple Exmple Evlute I = π/2 sin x dx using the three point trpezoidl rule. Compute the pproximtion error I T 2 (f ). Plese use the Fundmentl theorem of clculus to directly clculte I. π/2 π/2 sin x dx π 8 [ ] sin + 2 sin(π/4) + sin(π/2) sin x dx T 2 (f ) =.519.
14 Generl T n (f ) 1 We sw the trpezoidl rule T 1 (f ) for 2 points nd b. 2 The rule T 2 (f ) for 3 points involves three equidistnt points:, +b 2 nd b. 3 We observed the improvement in the ccurcy of T 2 (f ) over T 1 (f ) so inspired by this, we would like to pply this rule to n + 1 eqully spced points = x < x 1 < x 2 x n = b with the spce between ny two points being denoted by h tht is h = x i+1 x i, i =,, n.
15 Generl T n (f ) Definition [ 1 I h 2 f () + f (x 1) + f (x n 1 ) + f (b) ] T n (f ) 2 1 The subscript n refers to the number of subintervls being used; 2 the points x, x 1, x n re clled the numericl integrtion node points.
16 Performnce of T n (f ) f (x) = sin x we wnt to pproximte I = π/2 f (x) dx using the trpezoidl rule T n (f ) n T n (f ) I T n (f ) Rtio e e e e e-4 4. Note tht the errors re decresing by constnt fctor of 4. Why do we lwys double n?
17 How to improve the ccurcy of the integrtion rule? An intuitive solution is to improve the ccurcy of f (x) by using better interpolting polynomil sy qudrtic polynomil p 2 (x) insted. Let c = +b 2 nd h = b 2 then, the qudrtic polynomil is (x c)(x b) (x )(x b) p 2 (x) = f () + ( c)( b) (c )(c b) f (c) (x )(x c) + (b )(b c) f (b). f (x) dx = h 3 This is clled Simpson s rule. p 2 (x) dx [ ] f () + 4f (c) + f (b) S 2 (f ).
18 Simpson s rule pplied to the previous exmple Exmple Evlute π/2 sin x dx using the Simpson s rule. π/2 sin x dx π/2 [ ] sin + 4 sin(π/4) + sin(π/2) π/2 sin x dx S 2 (f ) =.228.
19 Generl Simpson s S n (f ) Definition I h [ (f () + 4f (x1 ) + 2f (x 2 ) ) + 4f (x 3 ) + 2f (x 4 ) + 4f (x 5 ) 3 ] 4f (x n 1 ) + f (b) S n (f )
20 Performnce of S n (f ) For f (x) = sin x we wnt to pproximte I = π/2 f (x) dx using the Simpson s rule S n (f ) n S n (f ) I S n (f ) Rtio e e e e
21 Error Formuls: Theorem Let f (x) hve two continuous derivtives on [, b]. Then, E T n (f ) = f (x) dx T n (f ) = h2 (b ) f (c n ), 12 where c n lies in [, b]. The error decys in mnner proportionl to h 2. Thus doubling n (nd hlving h) should cuse the error to decrese by fctor of pproximtely 4. This is wht we observed with pst exmple.
22 Exmple Exmple Consider the tsk of evluting I = 2 dx 1 + x 2 using the trpezoidl rule T n (f ). How lrge should n be chosen in order to ensure tht E T n (f ) 5 1 6?
23 Exmple Proof. We begin by clculting the derivtives involved: f (x) = it is esy to check tht 2x (1 + x 2 ) 2, f 2 + 6x 2 (x) = (1 + x 2 ) 3, mx f (x) = 2 x 2 thus, En T (f ) = h2 (b ) f (c n ) 12 2h = h2 3. We bound f (c n ) since we do not know the exct vlue of c n nd hence, we must ssume the worst possible vlue of c n tht mkes the error formul the lrgest.
24 Proof Proof. When do we hve E T n (f ) 5 1 6? We need to choose h so smll tht h which is possible if h.3873 (verify!). This is equivlent to choosing n = b h = 2 h Thus, n 517 will mke the error smller thn
25 Error Formuls: Simpson s Theorem Let f (x) hve four continuous derivtives on [, b]. Then, E S n (f ) = f (x) dx S n (f ) = h4 (b ) f (4) (c n ), 18 where c n lies in [, b]. The error decys in mnner proportionl to h 4. Thus doubling n should cuse the error to decrese by fctor of pproximtely 16. This is wht we observed with pst exmple.
26 Exmple Exmple Consider the tsk of evluting I = 2 dx 1 + x 2 using the Simpson s rule T n (f ). How lrge should n be chosen in order to ensure tht E S n (f ) 5 1 6?
27 Proof Proof. We compute the fourth derivtive f (4) (x) = 24 5x 4 1x (1 + x 2 ) 5 mx f (4) (x) = f (4) () = 24. x 1 Thus, En S (f ) = h4 (b ) f (4) (c n ) 18 h4 2 4h4 24 = provided h.658 or n 3.39, thus choosing n 32 will give the desired error bound. Compre with the trpezoidl rule: n 517!
28 One more exmple Consider the ppliction of trpezoidl rule to pproximte 1 x dx n En T (f ) Rtio En S (f ) Rtio e e e e e e e e e e Observe tht the rte of convergence is slower since f (x) = x is not sufficiently differentible on [, 1]. Both converge t rte proportionl to h 1.5.
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION How do we evlute I = f (x) dx By the fundmentl theorem of clculus, if F (x) is n ntiderivtive of f (x), then I = f (x) dx = F (x) b = F (b) F () However, in prctice most integrls
CMDA 4604: Intermediate Topics in Mathematical Modeling Lecture 19: Interpolation and Quadrature
CMDA 4604: Intermedite Topics in Mthemticl Modeling Lecture 19: Interpoltion nd Qudrture In this lecture we mke brief diversion into the res of interpoltion nd qudrture. Given function f C[, b], we sy
Lecture 14: Quadrature
Lecture 14: Qudrture This lecture is concerned with the evlution of integrls fx)dx 1) over finite intervl [, b] The integrnd fx) is ssumed to be rel-vlues nd smooth The pproximtion of n integrl by numericl
Review of Calculus, cont d
Jim Lmbers MAT 460 Fll Semester 2009-10 Lecture 3 Notes These notes correspond to Section 1.1 in the text. Review of Clculus, cont d Riemnn Sums nd the Definite Integrl There re mny cses in which some
Math& 152 Section Integration by Parts
Mth& 5 Section 7. - Integrtion by Prts Integrtion by prts is rule tht trnsforms the integrl of the product of two functions into other (idelly simpler) integrls. Recll from Clculus I tht given two differentible
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION. The inverse process to differentiation in calculus is integration. Mathematically, integration is represented by.
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION 1 Introduction The inverse process to differentition in clculus is integrtion. Mthemticlly, integrtion is represented by f(x) dx which stnds for the integrl of the function f(x) with
Numerical Integration
Chpter 5 Numericl Integrtion Numericl integrtion is the study of how the numericl vlue of n integrl cn be found. Methods of function pproximtion discussed in Chpter??, i.e., function pproximtion vi the
P 3 (x) = f(0) + f (0)x + f (0) 2. x 2 + f (0) . In the problem set, you are asked to show, in general, the n th order term is a n = f (n) (0)
1 Tylor polynomils In Section 3.5, we discussed how to pproximte function f(x) round point in terms of its first derivtive f (x) evluted t, tht is using the liner pproximtion f() + f ()(x ). We clled this
Chapter 2. Numerical Integration also called quadrature. 2.2 Trapezoidal Rule. 2.1 A basic principle Extending the Trapezoidal Rule DRAWINGS
S Cpter Numericl Integrtion lso clled qudrture Te gol of numericl integrtion is to pproximte numericlly. f(x)dx Tis is useful for difficult integrls like sin(x) ; sin(x ); x + x 4 Or worse still for multiple-dimensionl
Math 131. Numerical Integration Larson Section 4.6
Mth. Numericl Integrtion Lrson Section. This section looks t couple of methods for pproimting definite integrls numericlly. The gol is to get good pproimtion of the definite integrl in problems where n
63. Representation of functions as power series Consider a power series. ( 1) n x 2n for all 1 < x < 1
3 9. SEQUENCES AND SERIES 63. Representtion of functions s power series Consider power series x 2 + x 4 x 6 + x 8 + = ( ) n x 2n It is geometric series with q = x 2 nd therefore it converges for ll q =
The Riemann Integral
Deprtment of Mthemtics King Sud University 2017-2018 Tble of contents 1 Anti-derivtive Function nd Indefinite Integrls 2 3 4 5 Indefinite Integrls & Anti-derivtive Function Definition Let f : I R be function
Midpoint Approximation
Midpoint Approximtion Sometimes, we need to pproximte n integrl of the form R b f (x)dx nd we cnnot find n ntiderivtive in order to evlute the integrl. Also we my need to evlute R b f (x)dx where we do
Lecture 20: Numerical Integration III
cs4: introduction to numericl nlysis /8/0 Lecture 0: Numericl Integrtion III Instructor: Professor Amos Ron Scribes: Mrk Cowlishw, Yunpeng Li, Nthnel Fillmore For the lst few lectures we hve discussed
n f(x i ) x. i=1 In section 4.2, we defined the definite integral of f from x = a to x = b as n f(x i ) x; f(x) dx = lim i=1
The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus As we continue to study the re problem, let s think bck to wht we know bout computing res of regions enclosed by curves. If we wnt to find the re of the region below the
Definite integral. Mathematics FRDIS MENDELU
Definite integrl Mthemtics FRDIS MENDELU Simon Fišnrová Brno 1 Motivtion - re under curve Suppose, for simplicity, tht y = f(x) is nonnegtive nd continuous function defined on [, b]. Wht is the re of the
Numerical Integration
Chpter 1 Numericl Integrtion Numericl differentition methods compute pproximtions to the derivtive of function from known vlues of the function. Numericl integrtion uses the sme informtion to compute numericl
Definite integral. Mathematics FRDIS MENDELU. Simona Fišnarová (Mendel University) Definite integral MENDELU 1 / 30
Definite integrl Mthemtics FRDIS MENDELU Simon Fišnrová (Mendel University) Definite integrl MENDELU / Motivtion - re under curve Suppose, for simplicity, tht y = f(x) is nonnegtive nd continuous function
different methods (left endpoint, right endpoint, midpoint, trapezoid, Simpson s).
Mth 1A with Professor Stnkov Worksheet, Discussion #41; Wednesdy, 12/6/217 GSI nme: Roy Zho Problems 1. Write the integrl 3 dx s limit of Riemnn sums. Write it using 2 intervls using the 1 x different
The Regulated and Riemann Integrals
Chpter 1 The Regulted nd Riemnn Integrls 1.1 Introduction We will consider severl different pproches to defining the definite integrl f(x) dx of function f(x). These definitions will ll ssign the sme vlue
1 The Riemann Integral
The Riemnn Integrl. An exmple leding to the notion of integrl (res) We know how to find (i.e. define) the re of rectngle (bse height), tringle ( (sum of res of tringles). But how do we find/define n re
Best Approximation. Chapter The General Case
Chpter 4 Best Approximtion 4.1 The Generl Cse In the previous chpter, we hve seen how n interpolting polynomil cn be used s n pproximtion to given function. We now wnt to find the best pproximtion to given
Unit #9 : Definite Integral Properties; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Unit #9 : Definite Integrl Properties; Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Gols: Identify properties of definite integrls Define odd nd even functions, nd reltionship to integrl vlues Introduce the Fundmentl
DOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB MATHEMATICAL ROUTINES
DOIG PHYSICS WITH MATLAB MATHEMATICAL ROUTIES COMPUTATIO OF OE-DIMESIOAL ITEGRALS In Cooper School of Physics, University of Sydney in.cooper@sydney.edu.u DOWLOAD DIRECTORY FOR MATLAB SCRIPTS mth_integrtion_1d.m
Anti-derivatives/Indefinite Integrals of Basic Functions
Anti-derivtives/Indefinite Integrls of Bsic Functions Power Rule: In prticulr, this mens tht x n+ x n n + + C, dx = ln x + C, if n if n = x 0 dx = dx = dx = x + C nd x (lthough you won t use the second
III. Lecture on Numerical Integration. File faclib/dattab/lecture-notes/numerical-inter03.tex /by EC, 3/14/2008 at 15:11, version 9
III Lecture on Numericl Integrtion File fclib/dttb/lecture-notes/numerical-inter03.tex /by EC, 3/14/008 t 15:11, version 9 1 Sttement of the Numericl Integrtion Problem In this lecture we consider the
Lecture 19: Continuous Least Squares Approximation
Lecture 19: Continuous Lest Squres Approximtion 33 Continuous lest squres pproximtion We begn 31 with the problem of pproximting some f C[, b] with polynomil p P n t the discrete points x, x 1,, x m for
Chapter 5. Numerical Integration
Chpter 5. Numericl Integrtion These re just summries of the lecture notes, nd few detils re included. Most of wht we include here is to be found in more detil in Anton. 5. Remrk. There re two topics with
Z b. f(x)dx. Yet in the above two cases we know what f(x) is. Sometimes, engineers want to calculate an area by computing I, but...
Chpter 7 Numericl Methods 7. Introduction In mny cses the integrl f(x)dx cn be found by finding function F (x) such tht F 0 (x) =f(x), nd using f(x)dx = F (b) F () which is known s the nlyticl (exct) solution.
Lecture 12: Numerical Quadrature
Lecture 12: Numericl Qudrture J.K. Ryn@tudelft.nl WI3097TU Delft Institute of Applied Mthemtics Delft University of Technology 5 December 2012 () Numericl Qudrture 5 December 2012 1 / 46 Outline 1 Review
Week 10: Riemann integral and its properties
Clculus nd Liner Algebr for Biomedicl Engineering Week 10: Riemnn integrl nd its properties H. Führ, Lehrstuhl A für Mthemtik, RWTH Achen, WS 07 Motivtion: Computing flow from flow rtes 1 We observe the
INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION
INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION 5.1 Ares nd Distnces Assume f(x) 0 on the intervl [, b]. Let A be the re under the grph of f(x). b We will obtin n pproximtion of A in the following three steps. STEP 1: Divide
Discrete Least-squares Approximations
Discrete Lest-squres Approximtions Given set of dt points (x, y ), (x, y ),, (x m, y m ), norml nd useful prctice in mny pplictions in sttistics, engineering nd other pplied sciences is to construct curve
Calculus I-II Review Sheet
Clculus I-II Review Sheet 1 Definitions 1.1 Functions A function is f is incresing on n intervl if x y implies f(x) f(y), nd decresing if x y implies f(x) f(y). It is clled monotonic if it is either incresing
Math 1B, lecture 4: Error bounds for numerical methods
Mth B, lecture 4: Error bounds for numericl methods Nthn Pflueger 4 September 0 Introduction The five numericl methods descried in the previous lecture ll operte by the sme principle: they pproximte the
APPROXIMATE INTEGRATION
APPROXIMATE INTEGRATION. Introduction We hve seen tht there re functions whose nti-derivtives cnnot be expressed in closed form. For these resons ny definite integrl involving these integrnds cnnot be
Overview of Calculus I
Overview of Clculus I Prof. Jim Swift Northern Arizon University There re three key concepts in clculus: The limit, the derivtive, nd the integrl. You need to understnd the definitions of these three things,
QUADRATURE is an old-fashioned word that refers to
World Acdemy of Science Engineering nd Technology Interntionl Journl of Mthemticl nd Computtionl Sciences Vol:5 No:7 011 A New Qudrture Rule Derived from Spline Interpoltion with Error Anlysis Hdi Tghvfrd
Integrals - Motivation
Integrls - Motivtion When we looked t function s rte of chnge If f(x) is liner, the nswer is esy slope If f(x) is non-liner, we hd to work hrd limits derivtive A relted question is the re under f(x) (but
Numerical Integration. 1 Introduction. 2 Midpoint Rule, Trapezoid Rule, Simpson Rule. AMSC/CMSC 460/466 T. von Petersdorff 1
AMSC/CMSC 46/466 T. von Petersdorff 1 umericl Integrtion 1 Introduction We wnt to pproximte the integrl I := f xdx where we re given, b nd the function f s subroutine. We evlute f t points x 1,...,x n
We know that if f is a continuous nonnegative function on the interval [a, b], then b
1 Ares Between Curves c 22 Donld Kreider nd Dwight Lhr We know tht if f is continuous nonnegtive function on the intervl [, b], then f(x) dx is the re under the grph of f nd bove the intervl. We re going
LECTURE 19. Numerical Integration. Z b. is generally thought of as representing the area under the graph of fèxè between the points x = a and
LECTURE 9 Numericl Integrtion Recll from Clculus I tht denite integrl is generlly thought of s representing the re under the grph of fèxè between the points x = nd x = b, even though this is ctully only
Numerical Analysis. 10th ed. R L Burden, J D Faires, and A M Burden
Numericl Anlysis 10th ed R L Burden, J D Fires, nd A M Burden Bemer Presenttion Slides Prepred by Dr. Annette M. Burden Youngstown Stte University July 9, 2015 Chpter 4.1: Numericl Differentition 1 Three-Point
Section 4.8. D v(t j 1 ) t. (4.8.1) j=1
Difference Equtions to Differentil Equtions Section.8 Distnce, Position, nd the Length of Curves Although we motivted the definition of the definite integrl with the notion of re, there re mny pplictions
Orthogonal Polynomials
Mth 4401 Gussin Qudrture Pge 1 Orthogonl Polynomils Orthogonl polynomils rise from series solutions to differentil equtions, lthough they cn be rrived t in vriety of different mnners. Orthogonl polynomils
. Double-angle formulas. Your answer should involve trig functions of θ, and not of 2θ. sin 2 (θ) =
Review of some needed Trig. Identities for Integrtion. Your nswers should be n ngle in RADIANS. rccos( 1 ) = π rccos( - 1 ) = 2π 2 3 2 3 rcsin( 1 ) = π rcsin( - 1 ) = -π 2 6 2 6 Cn you do similr problems?
Lecture 17. Integration: Gauss Quadrature. David Semeraro. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. March 20, 2014
Lecture 17 Integrtion: Guss Qudrture Dvid Semerro University of Illinois t Urbn-Chmpign Mrch 0, 014 Dvid Semerro (NCSA) CS 57 Mrch 0, 014 1 / 9 Tody: Objectives identify the most widely used qudrture method
Lecture Note 4: Numerical differentiation and integration. Xiaoqun Zhang Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Lecture Note 4: Numericl differentition nd integrtion Xioqun Zng Sngi Jio Tong University Lst updted: November, 0 Numericl Anlysis. Numericl differentition.. Introduction Find n pproximtion of f (x 0 ),
How can we approximate the area of a region in the plane? What is an interpretation of the area under the graph of a velocity function?
Mth 125 Summry Here re some thoughts I ws hving while considering wht to put on the first midterm. The core of your studying should be the ssigned homework problems: mke sure you relly understnd those
MA 124 January 18, Derivatives are. Integrals are.
MA 124 Jnury 18, 2018 Prof PB s one-minute introduction to clculus Derivtives re. Integrls re. In Clculus 1, we lern limits, derivtives, some pplictions of derivtives, indefinite integrls, definite integrls,
Exam 2, Mathematics 4701, Section ETY6 6:05 pm 7:40 pm, March 31, 2016, IH-1105 Instructor: Attila Máté 1
Exm, Mthemtics 471, Section ETY6 6:5 pm 7:4 pm, Mrch 1, 16, IH-115 Instructor: Attil Máté 1 17 copies 1. ) Stte the usul sufficient condition for the fixed-point itertion to converge when solving the eqution
THE EXISTENCE-UNIQUENESS THEOREM FOR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS.
THE EXISTENCE-UNIQUENESS THEOREM FOR FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS RADON ROSBOROUGH https://intuitiveexplntionscom/picrd-lindelof-theorem/ This document is proof of the existence-uniqueness theorem
If u = g(x) is a differentiable function whose range is an interval I and f is continuous on I, then f(g(x))g (x) dx = f(u) du
Integrtion by Substitution: The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus demonstrted the importnce of being ble to find nti-derivtives. We now introduce some methods for finding ntiderivtives: If u = g(x) is differentible
AP Calculus Multiple Choice: BC Edition Solutions
AP Clculus Multiple Choice: BC Edition Solutions J. Slon Mrch 8, 04 ) 0 dx ( x) is A) B) C) D) E) Divergent This function inside the integrl hs verticl symptotes t x =, nd the integrl bounds contin this
Advanced Calculus: MATH 410 Notes on Integrals and Integrability Professor David Levermore 17 October 2004
Advnced Clculus: MATH 410 Notes on Integrls nd Integrbility Professor Dvid Levermore 17 October 2004 1. Definite Integrls In this section we revisit the definite integrl tht you were introduced to when
. Double-angle formulas. Your answer should involve trig functions of θ, and not of 2θ. cos(2θ) = sin(2θ) =.
Review of some needed Trig Identities for Integrtion Your nswers should be n ngle in RADIANS rccos( 1 2 ) = rccos( - 1 2 ) = rcsin( 1 2 ) = rcsin( - 1 2 ) = Cn you do similr problems? Review of Bsic Concepts
Calculus and linear algebra for biomedical engineering Week 11: The Riemann integral and its properties
Clculus nd liner lgebr for biomedicl engineering Week 11: The Riemnn integrl nd its properties Hrtmut Führ fuehr@mth.rwth-chen.de Lehrstuhl A für Mthemtik, RWTH Achen Jnury 9, 2009 Overview 1 Motivtion:
Euler, Ioachimescu and the trapezium rule. G.J.O. Jameson (Math. Gazette 96 (2012), )
Euler, Iochimescu nd the trpezium rule G.J.O. Jmeson (Mth. Gzette 96 (0), 36 4) The following results were estblished in recent Gzette rticle [, Theorems, 3, 4]. Given > 0 nd 0 < s
Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal, 55 (130) (2005), , Abbotsford. 1. Introduction
Czechoslovk Mthemticl Journl, 55 (130) (2005), 933 940 ESTIMATES OF THE REMAINDER IN TAYLOR S THEOREM USING THE HENSTOCK-KURZWEIL INTEGRAL, Abbotsford (Received Jnury 22, 2003) Abstrct. When rel-vlued
Numerical quadrature based on interpolating functions: A MATLAB implementation
SEMINAR REPORT Numericl qudrture bsed on interpolting functions: A MATLAB implementtion by Venkt Ayylsomyjul A seminr report submitted in prtil fulfillment for the degree of Mster of Science (M.Sc) in
Polynomials and Division Theory
Higher Checklist (Unit ) Higher Checklist (Unit ) Polynomils nd Division Theory Skill Achieved? Know tht polynomil (expression) is of the form: n x + n x n + n x n + + n x + x + 0 where the i R re the
Tangent Line and Tangent Plane Approximations of Definite Integral
Rose-Hulmn Undergrdute Mthemtics Journl Volume 16 Issue 2 Article 8 Tngent Line nd Tngent Plne Approximtions of Definite Integrl Meghn Peer Sginw Vlley Stte University Follow this nd dditionl works t:
LECTURE. INTEGRATION AND ANTIDERIVATIVE.
ANALYSIS FOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS LECTURE. INTEGRATION AND ANTIDERIVATIVE. ROTHSCHILD CAESARIA COURSE, 2015/6 1. Integrtion Historiclly, it ws the problem of computing res nd volumes, tht triggered development
Main topics for the First Midterm
Min topics for the First Midterm The Midterm will cover Section 1.8, Chpters 2-3, Sections 4.1-4.8, nd Sections 5.1-5.3 (essentilly ll of the mteril covered in clss). Be sure to know the results of the
7.2 Riemann Integrable Functions
7.2 Riemnn Integrble Functions Theorem 1. If f : [, b] R is step function, then f R[, b]. Theorem 2. If f : [, b] R is continuous on [, b], then f R[, b]. Theorem 3. If f : [, b] R is bounded nd continuous
SYDE 112, LECTURES 3 & 4: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
SYDE 112, LECTURES & 4: The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus So fr we hve introduced two new concepts in this course: ntidifferentition nd Riemnn sums. It turns out tht these quntities re relted, but it is
Numerical integration. Quentin Louveaux (ULiège - Institut Montefiore) Numerical analysis / 10
Numericl integrtion Quentin Louveux (ULiège Institut Montefiore) Numericl nlysis 2018 1 / 10 Numericl integrtion We consider definite integrls Z b f (x)dx better to it use if known! A We do not ssume tht
5.7 Improper Integrals
458 pplictions of definite integrls 5.7 Improper Integrls In Section 5.4, we computed the work required to lift pylod of mss m from the surfce of moon of mss nd rdius R to height H bove the surfce of the
Section 6.1 Definite Integral
Section 6.1 Definite Integrl Suppose we wnt to find the re of region tht is not so nicely shped. For exmple, consider the function shown elow. The re elow the curve nd ove the x xis cnnot e determined
1 Part II: Numerical Integration
Mth 4 Lb 1 Prt II: Numericl Integrtion This section includes severl techniques for getting pproimte numericl vlues for definite integrls without using ntiderivtives. Mthemticll, ect nswers re preferble
Undergraduate Research
Undergrdute Reserch A Trigonometric Simpson s Rule By Ctherine Cusimno Kirby nd Sony Stnley Biogrphicl Sketch Ctherine Cusimno Kirby is the dughter of Donn nd Sm Cusimno. Originlly from Vestvi Hills, Albm,
Review of Gaussian Quadrature method
Review of Gussin Qudrture method Nsser M. Asi Spring 006 compiled on Sundy Decemer 1, 017 t 09:1 PM 1 The prolem To find numericl vlue for the integrl of rel vlued function of rel vrile over specific rnge
Lecture 23: Interpolatory Quadrature
Lecture 3: Interpoltory Qudrture. Qudrture. The computtion of continuous lest squres pproximtions to f C[, b] required evlutions of the inner product f, φ j = fxφ jx dx, where φ j is polynomil bsis function
Chapter 6. Riemann Integral
Introduction to Riemnn integrl Chpter 6. Riemnn Integrl Won-Kwng Prk Deprtment of Mthemtics, The College of Nturl Sciences Kookmin University Second semester, 2015 1 / 41 Introduction to Riemnn integrl
Review of basic calculus
Review of bsic clculus This brief review reclls some of the most importnt concepts, definitions, nd theorems from bsic clculus. It is not intended to tech bsic clculus from scrtch. If ny of the items below
1 The Lagrange interpolation formula
Notes on Qudrture 1 The Lgrnge interpoltion formul We briefly recll the Lgrnge interpoltion formul. The strting point is collection of N + 1 rel points (x 0, y 0 ), (x 1, y 1 ),..., (x N, y N ), with x
Section 5.4 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 2 Lectures. Dr. Abdulla Eid. College of Science. MATHS 101: Calculus 1
Section 5.4 Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus 2 Lectures College of Science MATHS : Clculus (University of Bhrin) Integrls / 24 Definite Integrl Recll: The integrl is used to find re under the curve over n
6.5 Numerical Approximations of Definite Integrals
Arknss Tech University MATH 94: Clculus II Dr. Mrcel B. Finn 6.5 Numericl Approximtions of Definite Integrls Sometimes the integrl of function cnnot be expressed with elementry functions, i.e., polynomil,
Goals: Determine how to calculate the area described by a function. Define the definite integral. Explore the relationship between the definite
Unit #8 : The Integrl Gols: Determine how to clculte the re described by function. Define the definite integrl. Eplore the reltionship between the definite integrl nd re. Eplore wys to estimte the definite
Math 8 Winter 2015 Applications of Integration
Mth 8 Winter 205 Applictions of Integrtion Here re few importnt pplictions of integrtion. The pplictions you my see on n exm in this course include only the Net Chnge Theorem (which is relly just the Fundmentl
Properties of Integrals, Indefinite Integrals. Goals: Definition of the Definite Integral Integral Calculations using Antiderivatives
Block #6: Properties of Integrls, Indefinite Integrls Gols: Definition of the Definite Integrl Integrl Clcultions using Antiderivtives Properties of Integrls The Indefinite Integrl 1 Riemnn Sums - 1 Riemnn
Suppose we want to find the area under the parabola and above the x axis, between the lines x = 2 and x = -2.
Mth 43 Section 6. Section 6.: Definite Integrl Suppose we wnt to find the re of region tht is not so nicely shped. For exmple, consider the function shown elow. The re elow the curve nd ove the x xis cnnot
Math 113 Exam 2 Practice
Mth Em Prctice Februry, 8 Em will cover sections 6.5, 7.-7.5 nd 7.8. This sheet hs three sections. The first section will remind you bout techniques nd formuls tht you should know. The second gives number
ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS 1 MATH00030 SEMESTER /2019
ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS MATH00030 SEMESTER 208/209 DR. ANTHONY BROWN 7.. Introduction to Integrtion. 7. Integrl Clculus As ws the cse with the chpter on differentil
Section 7.1 Integration by Substitution
Section 7. Integrtion by Substitution Evlute ech of the following integrls. Keep in mind tht using substitution my not work on some problems. For one of the definite integrls, it is not possible to find
Orthogonal Polynomials and Least-Squares Approximations to Functions
Chpter Orthogonl Polynomils nd Lest-Squres Approximtions to Functions **4/5/3 ET. Discrete Lest-Squres Approximtions Given set of dt points (x,y ), (x,y ),..., (x m,y m ), norml nd useful prctice in mny
Riemann Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Riemnn Integrls nd the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Jmes K. Peterson Deprtment of Biologicl Sciences nd Deprtment of Mthemticl Sciences Clemson University September 16, 2013 Outline Grphing Riemnn Sums
The final exam will take place on Friday May 11th from 8am 11am in Evans room 60.
Mth 104: finl informtion The finl exm will tke plce on Fridy My 11th from 8m 11m in Evns room 60. The exm will cover ll prts of the course with equl weighting. It will cover Chpters 1 5, 7 15, 17 21, 23
4.4 Areas, Integrals and Antiderivatives
. res, integrls nd ntiderivtives 333. Ares, Integrls nd Antiderivtives This section explores properties of functions defined s res nd exmines some connections mong res, integrls nd ntiderivtives. In order
W. We shall do so one by one, starting with I 1, and we shall do it greedily, trying
Vitli covers 1 Definition. A Vitli cover of set E R is set V of closed intervls with positive length so tht, for every δ > 0 nd every x E, there is some I V with λ(i ) < δ nd x I. 2 Lemm (Vitli covering)
31.2. Numerical Integration. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes
Numericl Integrtion 3. Introduction In this Section we will present some methods tht cn be used to pproximte integrls. Attention will be pid to how we ensure tht such pproximtions cn be gurnteed to be
Best Approximation in the 2-norm
Jim Lmbers MAT 77 Fll Semester 1-11 Lecture 1 Notes These notes correspond to Sections 9. nd 9.3 in the text. Best Approximtion in the -norm Suppose tht we wish to obtin function f n (x) tht is liner combintion
Calculus II: Integrations and Series
Clculus II: Integrtions nd Series August 7, 200 Integrls Suppose we hve generl function y = f(x) For simplicity, let f(x) > 0 nd f(x) continuous Denote F (x) = re under the grph of f in the intervl [,x]
Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics AA215A Lecture 3 Polynomial Interpolation: Numerical Differentiation and Integration.
Advnced Computtionl Fluid Dynmics AA215A Lecture 3 Polynomil Interpoltion: Numericl Differentition nd Integrtion Antony Jmeson Winter Qurter, 2016, Stnford, CA Lst revised on Jnury 7, 2016 Contents 3 Polynomil
x = b a n x 2 e x dx. cdx = c(b a), where c is any constant. a b
CHAPTER 5. INTEGRALS 61 where nd x = b n x i = 1 (x i 1 + x i ) = midpoint of [x i 1, x i ]. Problem 168 (Exercise 1, pge 377). Use the Midpoint Rule with the n = 4 to pproximte 5 1 x e x dx. Some quick
1. Gauss-Jacobi quadrature and Legendre polynomials. p(t)w(t)dt, p {p(x 0 ),...p(x n )} p(t)w(t)dt = w k p(x k ),
1. Guss-Jcobi qudrture nd Legendre polynomils Simpson s rule for evluting n integrl f(t)dt gives the correct nswer with error of bout O(n 4 ) (with constnt tht depends on f, in prticulr, it depends on
Numerical integration
2 Numericl integrtion This is pge i Printer: Opque this 2. Introduction Numericl integrtion is problem tht is prt of mny problems in the economics nd econometrics literture. The orgniztion of this chpter
Chapter 3 Solving Nonlinear Equations
Chpter 3 Solving Nonliner Equtions 3.1 Introduction The nonliner function of unknown vrible x is in the form of where n could be non-integer. Root is the numericl vlue of x tht stisfies f ( x) 0. Grphiclly,
A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H. Thomas Shores Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska Spring 2007
A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H Thoms Shores Deprtment of Mthemtics University of Nebrsk Spring 2007 Contents Rtes of Chnge nd Derivtives 1 Dierentils 4 Are nd Integrls 5 Multivrite Clculus
Riemann Sums and Riemann Integrals
Riemnn Sums nd Riemnn Integrls Jmes K. Peterson Deprtment of Biologicl Sciences nd Deprtment of Mthemticl Sciences Clemson University August 26, 203 Outline Riemnn Sums Riemnn Integrls Properties Abstrct