GATE PSU. Chemical Engineering. Fluid Mechanics. For. The Gate Coach 28, Jia Sarai, Near IIT Hauzkhas, New Delhi 16 (+91) ,
|
|
- Blaze Daniels
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 For GATE PSU Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics GATE Syllabus Fluid statics, Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids, Bernoulli equation, Macroscopic friction factors, energy balance, dimensional analysis, shell balances, flow through pipeline systems, flow meters, pumps and compressors, elementary boundary layer theory, packed and fluidized beds. 8, Jia Sarai, Near IIT Hauzkhas, New Delhi 16 (+91) ,
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES 1.1 Introduction 1. Fluids 1.3 Newton s Law of Viscosity The Continuum Concept of a Fluid Types of Fluid Ideal Fluid Real Fluid Compressible Incompressible Fluid Physical Properties Density Mass Density Specific Weight Specific Gravity Viscosity Dynamic Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity Surface Tension Capillary Vapor Pressure Compressibility and Bulk Modulus Difference Between Solids And Fluids Types of Fluid Behavior Newtonian Fluids Non Newtonian Fluids Plastic Fluids Dilatants Fluids Bingham Plastic Fluids Pseudo Plastic Fluids Time Dependent Fluids Thixotropic Fluids Rheopectic Fluids Temperature Dependency of Viscosity Liquids Gases 13 Chapter DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND SCALE UP 16.1 Introduction 16. Dimensions And Units 16.3 Dimensional Homogeneity 18.4 Rayleigh s Method 18.5 Buckingham s π Theorem 19 i Visit us at,
3 Chapter 3 FLUID STATICS Pressure 1 3. Pascal s Law For Pressure At a Point 3.3 Hydrostatic Law Classification of Pressure Pressure Measuring Devices Piezo Meter Barometer Manometer U Tube Manometer Tilted Manometer U- Tube Manometer With One Leg Enlarged Pressure Gauge Buoyancy Centre of Buoyancy Type of Equilibrium of Floating Bodies Stable Equilibrium Un-stable Equilibrium Neutral Equilibrium 30 Chapter 4 FLUID KINEMATICS Introduction 3 4. Types of Fluid Flow Steady And Unsteady Flow Uniform And Non Uniform Flow One, Two And Three Dimensional Flow Rotational And Irrotational Flow Laminar And Turbulent Flow Compressible And Incompressible Flow Types of Flow Lines Path Line Stream Line Stream Tube Streak Line Continuity Equation Continuity Equation in Cartesian Coordinates Velocity Potential Stream Function Properties of Stream Function Cauchy Riemann Equations Relation Between Stream Function And Velocity Potential 4 Chapter 5 FLUID DYNAMICS Introduction 45 ii Visit us at,
4 5. Types of Heads of Liquid in Motion Potential Head Velocity Head Pressure Head Bernoulli s Equation Euler s Equation of Motion Bernoulli s Equation For Real Fluid 49 Chapter 6 FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID IN PIPES Flow Regimes Navier Stokes Equation of Motion Relation Between Shear Stress And Pressure Gradient Flow of Viscous Fluid in Circular Pipes Hagen Poiseuille Equation Laminar Uni Directional Flow Between Stationary Parallel Plates Laminar Uni Directional Flow Between Parallel Plates Having Relative Motion Flow Losses in Pipes Darcy Equation For Head Loss Due to Friction Empirical Correlations For Coefficient of Friction Minor Head Losses Sudden Enlargement Sudden Contraction Pipes in Series And in Parallel Concept of Equivalent Pipe Prandtl Mixing Length Theory For Shear Stresses in Turbulent Flow 7 Chapter 7 BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY Boundary Layer Theory Boundary Layer Characteristics Boundary Layer Thickness Displacement Thickness Momentum Thickness Energy Thickness Energy Loss Laminar Boundary Layer Turbulent Boundary Layer 76 Chapter 8 FLOW MEASUREMENT Introduction Units of Flow Measurement of Flow Mechanical Flow Meters Variable Head Flow Meters Flow of Incompressible Fluid in Pipe 81 iii Visit us at,
5 Ratio Discharge Coefficient Flow Coefficient Orifice Flow Meter Venturi Meter Pitot Tube Variable Area Flow Meter Types of Variable Area Flow Meter Basic Equation 88 Chapter 9 FLOW PAST IMMERGED BODIES Introduction 9 9. Lift And Drag Concept Drag Coefficient Stokes Law Terminal Velocity Applications of Stokes Law Stagnation Point 96 Chapter 10 FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA Description of Porous Media Hydraulic Diameter Porous Medium Friction Factor Porous Medium Reynolds Number Friction in Flow Through Beds of Solids Kozney Carman Equation Burke Plummer Equation Ergun Equation Packed Column Fluidization Minimum Fluidization Velocity 104 Chapter 11 TRANSPORTATION OF FLUIDS Pumping Equipments of Liquids Positive Displacement Pumps Centrifugal Pumps Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps Specific Speed Operating Characteristics Affinity Laws For Pumps Cavitations And NPSH Vapor Lock And Cavitations NPSH 111 iv Visit us at,
6 Chapter 1 LEVEL 1 17 LEVEL 138 Chapter 13 UNSOLVED QUESTIONS 150 Chapter 14 QUESTIONS (004 TO 015) Chapter 15 SOLUTIONS 174 v Visit us at,
7 CHAPTER 3 FLUID STATICS Fluid statics deals with the fluids at rest. There are following points should be noted: i. A static fluid can have no shearing force acting on it, and that ii. Any force between the fluid and the boundary must be acting at right angles to the boundary. iii. For an element of fluid at rest, the element will be in equilibrium - the sum of the components of forces in any direction will be zero. iv. The sum of the moments of forces on the element about any point must also be zero. 3.1 PRESSURE A fluid will exert a normal force on any boundary it is in contact with. Since these boundaries may be large and the force may differ from place to place it is convenient to work in terms of pressure, p, which is the force per unit area. If the force exerted on each unit area of a boundary is the same, the pressure is said to be uniform. p F p A Force Area over which the force is applied Units: Newton s per square metre, N m, kg m -1 s - (The same unit is also known as a Pascal, Pa, i.e. 1Pa = 1 N m ) (Also frequently used is the alternative SI unit the bar, where 1 bar = 10 5 N m ) Dimensions: ML -1 T - 1 Visit us at,
8 3. PASCAL S LAW FOR PRESSURE AT A POINT For a fluid having no shear forces, the direction of the plane over which the force due to pressure acts has no effect on the magnitude of the pressure at a point. This result is known as the Pascal s Law and its derivation is given below. By considering a small element of fluid in the form of a triangular prism which contains a point P, we can establish a relationship between the three pressures p x in the x direction, p y in the y direction and p s in the direction normal to the sloping face. The fluid is a rest, so we know there are no shearing forces, and we know that all force are acting at right angles to the surfaces.i.e. p s acts perpendicular to surface ABCD, p x acts perpendicular to surface ABFE and p y acts perpendicular to surface FECD. And, as the fluid is at rest, in equilibrium, the sum of the forces in any direction is zero. Summing forces in the x-direction: Force due to p x, Fxx px AreaABCD Sin Component of force in the x-direction due to p s, Fxs ps AreaABCD Sin y y ps s z Sin s s p y z s Component of force in x-direction due to p y, Fxy 0 To be at rest (in equilibrium) Fxx Fxs Fxy 0 Visit us at,
9 x x y 0 p x y p y z p p Similarly, summing forces in the y-direction. Force due to p y, s Fyy py AreaABCD py x z Component of force due to p s, Fys ps AreaABCD Cos x x ps s z Cos s s p x z s Component of force due to p x, Force due to gravity, To be at rest (in equilibrium) Fyx 0 Weight = specific weight volume of element 1 g xy z Fyx Fys Fyy weight 0 1 py x z ps x z g xyz 0 The element is small i.e. δx, δy and δz are small, and so δ δ δ x y z is very small and considered negligible, hence p y p s Thus px py ps The element is so small that it can be considered a point so the derived expression p p p, indicates that pressure at any point is the same in all directions. x y s Pressure at any point is the same in all directions. This is known as Pascal s Law and applies to fluids at rest. 3 Visit us at,
10 3.3 HYDROSTATIC LAW Consider a hypothetical differential cylindrical element of fluid of cross sectional area A and height (z - z 1 ). Upward force due to pressure P 1 on the element = P 1 A Downward force due to pressure P on the element = P A Force due to weight of the element = mg = ρ A(z - z 1 )g Equating the upward and downward forces, P 1 A = P A + ρ A (z - z 1 ) g P - P 1 = - ρ g (z - z 1 ) P g z Thus in any fluid under gravitational acceleration, pressure increases, with increasing depth z in the down-ward direction. 3.4 CLASSIFICATION OF PRESSURE Pressure can be classified on the basis of the atmospheric pressure, as positive or negative pressure. Positive pressure is termed as Gauge pressure i.e. pressure above atmospheric pressure. Negative pressure is termed as Vacuum Pressure i.e. Pressure below atmospheric pressure. Absolute Pressure = Atmospheric Pressure + Gauge (Vacuum) Pressure pabsolute patm gh pgauge gh As g is (approximately) constant, the gauge pressure can be given by stating the vertical height of any fluid of density ρ which is equal to this pressure. 4 Visit us at,
11 p gh This vertical height is known as head of fluid. 3.5 PRESSURE MEAUSRING DEVICES The relationship between pressure and head is used to measure the pressure of any fluid and pressure can be measure with the help of following devices: PIEZOMETER The simplest manometer is a tube, open at the top, which is attached to the top of a vessel containing liquid at a pressure (higher than atmospheric) to be measured. An example can be seen in the figure below. This simple device is known as a Piezometer tube. As the tube is open to the atmosphere the pressure measured is relative to atmospheric so is gauge pressure. Pressure at A = Pressure due to column of liquid above A pa gh 1 Pressure at B = Pressure due to column of liquid above B pb gh This method can only be used for liquids (i.e. not for gases) and only when the liquid height is convenient to measure. It must not be too small or too large and pressure changes must be detectable. 5 Visit us at,
12 3.5. BAROMETER A barometer is a device for measuring atmospheric pressure. A simple barometer consists of a tube more than 30 inch (760 mm) long inserted in an open container of mercury with a closed and evacuated end at the top and open tube end at the bottom and with mercury extending from the container up into the tube. Strictly, the space above the liquid cannot be a true vacuum. It contains mercury vapor at its saturated vapor pressure, but this is extremely small at room temperatures (e.g Pa at 0 0 C). The atmospheric pressure is calculated from the relation P atm = ρgh where ρ is the density of fluid in the barometer MANOMETER A somewhat more complicated device for measuring fluid pressure consists of a bent tube containing one or more liquid of different specific gravities. Such a device is known as manometer. In using a manometer, generally a known pressure (which may be atmospheric) is applied to one end of the manometer tube and the unknown pressure to be determined is applied to the other end. In some cases, however, the difference between pressures at ends of the manometer tube is desired rather than the actual pressure at the either end. A manometer to determine this differential pressure is known as differential pressure manometer U TUBE MANOMETER Using a U -Tube enables the pressure of both liquids and gases to be measured with the same instrument. The U is connected as in the figure below and filled with a fluid called the manometric fluid. The fluid whose pressure is being measured should have a mass density less than that of the manometric fluid and the two fluids should not be able to mix readily - that is, they must be immiscible. 6 Visit us at,
13 Pressure in a continuous static fluid is the same at any horizontal level so, Pressure at B = Pressure at C P B = P C For the left hand arm Pressure at B = Pressure at A + Pressure due to height h of fluid being measured p p gh c atm man As we are measuring gauge pressure we can subtract p atm giving Pressure at B = Pressure at C P B = P C p gh gh A man 1 If the fluid being measured is a gas, the density will probably be very low in comparison to the density of the manometric fluid i.e. ρ man >> ρ. In this case the term ρgh 1 can be neglected, and the gauge pressure given by p A man gh TILTED MANOMETER When the pressure to be measured is very small then tilting the arm provides a convenient way of obtaining a larger (more easily read) movement of the manometer. The above arrangement with a tilted arm is shown in the figure below. The pressure difference is still given by the height change of the manometric fluid but by placing the 7 Visit us at,
14 scale along the line of the tilted arm and taking this reading large movements will be observed. The pressure difference is then given by p p gz gxsin U TUBE WITH ONE LEG ENLARGED The U -tube manometer has the disadvantage that the change in height of the liquid in both sides must be read. This can be avoided by making the diameter of one side very large compared to the other. In this case the side with the large area moves very little when the small area side move considerably more. Assume the manometer is arranged as above to measure the pressure difference of a gas of (negligible density) and that pressure difference is p 1 p. If the datum line indicates the level of the manometric fluid when the pressure difference is zero and the height differences when pressure is applied is as shown, The volume of liquid transferred from the left side to the z d /4 And the fall in level of the left side is Volume moved z1 Area of left side z z d /4 d D /4 D 1 z We know from the theory of the U tube manometer that the height different in the two columns gives the pressure difference so d p1 p g z z D 1 d p1 p gz D Clearly if D is very much larger than d then (d / D) is very small so p p gz LIMITATIONS TO MANOMETER 8 Visit us at,
15 The manometer in its various forms is an extremely useful type of pressure measuring instrument, but suffers from a number of limitations. While it can be adapted to measure very small pressure differences, it cannot be used conveniently for large pressure differences - although it is possible to connect a number of manometers in series and to use mercury as the manometric fluid to improve the range. (limitation) A manometer does not have to be calibrated against any standard; the pressure difference can be calculated from first principles. ( Advantage) Some liquids are unsuitable for use because they do not form well-defined menisci. Surface tension can also cause errors due to capillary rise; this can be avoided if the diameters of the tubes are sufficiently large - preferably not less than 15 mm diameter. (limitation) A major disadvantage of the manometer is its slow response, which makes it unsuitable for measuring fluctuating pressures.(limitation) It is essential that the pipes connecting the manometer to the pipe or vessel containing the liquid under pressure should be filled with this liquid and there should be no air bubbles in the liquid.(important point to be kept in mind) PRESSURE GAUGE The pressure to be measured is applied to a curved tube, oval in cross section. Pressure applied to the tube tends to cause the tube to straighten out, and the deflection of the end of the tube is communicated through a system of levers to a recording needle. This gauge is widely used for steam and compressed gases. The pressure indicated is the difference between that communicated by the system to the external (ambient) pressure, and is usually referred to as the gauge pressure. 3.6 BUOYANCY Whenever a body is immersed wholly or partially in a fluid it is subjected to an upward force which tend to lift (or buoy) it up. This tendency for an immersed body to be lifted up in the fluid, due to an upward force opposite to action of gravity is known as buoyancy. The force tending to lift up the body under such conditions is known as buoyant force or up thrust. The magnitude of the buoyant force can be determined with help of Archimedes Principle which states as follows: 9 Visit us at,
16 When a body is immersed in a fluid either wholly or partially, it is buoyed or lifted up by a force, which is equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the body CENTER OF BUOYANCY The point of application of the force of buoyancy on the body is known as center of buoyancy. It is always the center of gravity of the volume of fluid displaced TYPES OF EQUILIBRIUM OF FLOATING BODIEES The equilibrium of the floating bodies is of the following types: STABLE EQUILIBRIUM When a body is given a small angular displacement (i.e. tilted slightly), by some external force, and then it returns back to its original position due to the internal forces (the weight and the up thrust), such an equilibrium is called stable equilibrium UNSTABLE EQUILIBRIUM If the body does not return to its original position from the slightly displaced angular position and heels further away, when given an small angular displacement, such an equilibrium is called an unstable equilibrium NEUTRAL EQUILIBRIUM If a body, when given a small angular displacement, occupies a new position and remains at rest in this position it is said to possess a neutral equilibrium. Example 3.1 A simple U tube manometer is installed across an orifice meter. The manometer is filled with mercury (sp. Gravity = 13.6) and the liquid above the mercury is CCl 4 (sp. Gravity = 1.6). The manometer reads 00 mm. What is the pressure difference over the manometer in Newton per square meter? Solution: Specific gravity of heavier liquid, S hl = 13.6 Specific gravity of lighter liquid, S ll = 1.6 Reading of the manometer, y = 00 mm Pressure difference over the manometer: p 30 Visit us at,
17 Differential head, S h y S hl ll h h 1500 mm of CCl Pressure difference over the manometer, 1500 p wh p 3544 N / m 4 For details and full study material Contact us: 8, Jia Sarai, Near IIT Hauzkhas, New Delhi 16 (+91) delhi.tgc@gmail.com 31 Visit us at,
1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
FLUID MECHANICS CONTENTS CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO 1 FLUIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES PART A NOTES 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Fluids 1.3 Newton s Law of Viscosity 1.4 The Continuum Concept of a Fluid 1.5 Types
More informationB.E/B.Tech/M.E/M.Tech : Chemical Engineering Regulation: 2016 PG Specialisation : NA Sub. Code / Sub. Name : CH16304 FLUID MECHANICS Unit : I
Department of Chemical Engineering B.E/B.Tech/M.E/M.Tech : Chemical Engineering Regulation: 2016 PG Specialisation : NA Sub. Code / Sub. Name : CH16304 FLUID MECHANICS Unit : I LP: CH 16304 Rev. No: 00
More informationThe general rules of statics (as applied in solid mechanics) apply to fluids at rest. From earlier we know that:
ELEMENTARY HYDRAULICS National Certificate in Technology (Civil Engineering) Chapter 2 Pressure This section will study the forces acting on or generated by fluids at rest. Objectives Introduce the concept
More informationUNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND STATICS
SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road 517583 QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE) Subject with Code : Fluid Mechanics (16CE106) Year & Sem: II-B.Tech & I-Sem Course & Branch:
More informationS.E. (Mech.) (First Sem.) EXAMINATION, (Common to Mech/Sandwich) FLUID MECHANICS (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Total No. of Questions 12] [Total No. of Printed Pages 8 Seat No. [4262]-113 S.E. (Mech.) (First Sem.) EXAMINATION, 2012 (Common to Mech/Sandwich) FLUID MECHANICS (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum
More informationFluid Mechanics. du dy
FLUID MECHANICS Technical English - I 1 th week Fluid Mechanics FLUID STATICS FLUID DYNAMICS Fluid Statics or Hydrostatics is the study of fluids at rest. The main equation required for this is Newton's
More informationCHAPTER 2 Pressure and Head
FLUID MECHANICS Gaza, Sep. 2012 CHAPTER 2 Pressure and Head Dr. Khalil Mahmoud ALASTAL Objectives of this Chapter: Introduce the concept of pressure. Prove it has a unique value at any particular elevation.
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS:
Important Definitions: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS: Fluid: A substance that can flow is called Fluid Both liquids and gases are fluids Pressure: The normal force acting per unit area of a surface is
More informationCLASS SCHEDULE 2013 FALL
CLASS SCHEDULE 2013 FALL Class # or Lab # 1 Date Aug 26 2 28 Important Concepts (Section # in Text Reading, Lecture note) Examples/Lab Activities Definition fluid; continuum hypothesis; fluid properties
More informationENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS. CHAPTER 1 Properties of Fluids
CHAPTER 1 Properties of Fluids ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Development of Fluid Mechanics 1.3 Units of Measurement (SI units) 1.4 Mass, Density, Specific Weight, Specific Volume, Specific
More information11.1 Mass Density. Fluids are materials that can flow, and they include both gases and liquids. The mass density of a liquid or gas is an
Chapter 11 Fluids 11.1 Mass Density Fluids are materials that can flow, and they include both gases and liquids. The mass density of a liquid or gas is an important factor that determines its behavior
More informationPressure in stationary and moving fluid Lab- Lab On- On Chip: Lecture 2
Pressure in stationary and moving fluid Lab-On-Chip: Lecture Lecture plan what is pressure e and how it s distributed in static fluid water pressure in engineering problems buoyancy y and archimedes law;
More informationFluid Mechanics. Forces on Fluid Elements. Fluid Elements - Definition:
Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2: Fluid Statics Lecture 3 Forces on Fluid Elements Fluid Elements - Definition: Fluid element can be defined as an infinitesimal region of the fluid continuum in isolation from
More informationNicholas J. Giordano. Chapter 10 Fluids
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 10 Fluids Fluids A fluid may be either a liquid or a gas Some characteristics of a fluid Flows from one place to another Shape varies according
More informationCHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS. A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude.
CHARACTERISTIC OF FLUIDS A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress at any magnitude. In a fluid at rest, normal stress is called pressure. 1 Dimensions,
More informations and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam General Section Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering October 26, 2010 s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum
More informationFundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
Sixth Edition Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics International Student Version BRUCE R. MUNSON DONALD F. YOUNG Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics THEODORE H. OKIISHI Department
More information150A Review Session 2/13/2014 Fluid Statics. Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces
Fluid Statics Pressure acts in all directions, normal to the surrounding surfaces or Whenever a pressure difference is the driving force, use gauge pressure o Bernoulli equation o Momentum balance with
More informationR09. d water surface. Prove that the depth of pressure is equal to p +.
Code No:A109210105 R09 SET-1 B.Tech II Year - I Semester Examinations, December 2011 FLUID MECHANICS (CIVIL ENGINEERING) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal
More informationV/ t = 0 p/ t = 0 ρ/ t = 0. V/ s = 0 p/ s = 0 ρ/ s = 0
UNIT III FLOW THROUGH PIPES 1. List the types of fluid flow. Steady and unsteady flow Uniform and non-uniform flow Laminar and Turbulent flow Compressible and incompressible flow Rotational and ir-rotational
More informationDetailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015
Detailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015 I. Introduction (Chapters 1 and 2) A. What is Fluid Mechanics? 1. What is a fluid? 2. What is mechanics? B. Classification of Fluid Flows 1. Viscous
More informationCE 6303 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS L T P C QUESTION BANK 3 0 0 3 UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS PART - A 1. Define fluid and fluid mechanics. 2. Define real and ideal fluids. 3. Define mass density
More informationApproximate physical properties of selected fluids All properties are given at pressure kn/m 2 and temperature 15 C.
Appendix FLUID MECHANICS Approximate physical properties of selected fluids All properties are given at pressure 101. kn/m and temperature 15 C. Liquids Density (kg/m ) Dynamic viscosity (N s/m ) Surface
More informationACE Engineering College
ACE Engineering College Ankushapur (V), Ghatkesar (M), R.R.Dist 501 301. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * MECHANICS OF FLUIDS & HYDRAULIC
More informationSteven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013
Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam Mechanics Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering September 25, 2013 s and FE Morning ( Mechanics) A. Flow measurement 7% of FE Morning B. properties Session
More informationPetroleum Engineering Dept. Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara
Continents Chapter 1. Fluid Mechanics -Properties of fluids -Density, specific gravity, specific volume and Viscosity -Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids -Surface tension Compressibility -Pressure -Cavitations
More informationChapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 The Fluid. 1-2 Dimensions. 1-3 Units. 1-4 Fluid Properties. 1 1-1 The Fluid: It is the substance that deforms continuously when subjected to a shear stress. Matter Solid Fluid
More informationChapter 14. Lecture 1 Fluid Mechanics. Dr. Armen Kocharian
Chapter 14 Lecture 1 Fluid Mechanics Dr. Armen Kocharian States of Matter Solid Has a definite volume and shape Liquid Has a definite volume but not a definite shape Gas unconfined Has neither a definite
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK : AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING.
Course Name Course Code Class Branch INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad - 00 0 AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING : Mechanics of Fluids : A00 : II-I- B. Tech Year : 0 0 Course Coordinator
More informationME3560 Tentative Schedule Spring 2019
ME3560 Tentative Schedule Spring 2019 Week Number Date Lecture Topics Covered Prior to Lecture Read Section Assignment Prep Problems for Prep Probs. Must be Solved by 1 Monday 1/7/2019 1 Introduction to
More informationFluid Mechanics. If deformation is small, the stress in a body is proportional to the corresponding
Fluid Mechanics HOOKE'S LAW If deformation is small, the stress in a body is proportional to the corresponding strain. In the elasticity limit stress and strain Stress/strain = Const. = Modulus of elasticity.
More informationLesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow
Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow The specific objective of this lesson is to conduct a brief review of the fundamentals of fluid flow and present: A general equation for conservation of mass
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
CHAPTER-10 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS QUESTIONS 1 marks questions 1. What are fluids? 2. How are fluids different from solids? 3. Define thrust of a liquid. 4. Define liquid pressure. 5. Is pressure
More informationME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018
ME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018 Week Number 1 Wednesday 8/29/2018 1 Date Lecture Topics Covered Introduction to course, syllabus and class policies. Math Review. Differentiation. Prior to Lecture Read
More information10.52 Mechanics of Fluids Spring 2006 Problem Set 3
10.52 Mechanics of Fluids Spring 2006 Problem Set 3 Problem 1 Mass transfer studies involving the transport of a solute from a gas to a liquid often involve the use of a laminar jet of liquid. The situation
More informationChapter 14. Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 14 Fluid Mechanics States of Matter Solid Has a definite volume and shape Liquid Has a definite volume but not a definite shape Gas unconfined Has neither a definite volume nor shape All of these
More informationVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK III SEMESTER CE 8302 FLUID MECHANICS Regulation 2017 Academic Year 2018 19 Prepared by Mrs.
More informationFluid Mechanics-61341
An-Najah National University College of Engineering Fluid Mechanics-61341 Chapter [2] Fluid Statics 1 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester 2010- [2] Fluid Statics Fluid Statics Problems Fluid statics refers to
More informationTOPICS. Density. Pressure. Variation of Pressure with Depth. Pressure Measurements. Buoyant Forces-Archimedes Principle
Lecture 6 Fluids TOPICS Density Pressure Variation of Pressure with Depth Pressure Measurements Buoyant Forces-Archimedes Principle Surface Tension ( External source ) Viscosity ( External source ) Equation
More informationCOURSE CODE : 3072 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE
COURSE TITLE : FLUID MECHANICS COURSE CODE : 307 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/ WEEK : 5 PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 75 CREDIT : 5 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPIC PERIOD 1 Properties of Fluids 0 Fluid Friction and Flow
More informationWilliam В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS. Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
William В. Brower, Jr. A PRIMER IN FLUID MECHANICS Dynamics of Flows in One Space Dimension CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Fluid Properties Kinetic Theory
More informationCE MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
CE60 - MECHANICS OF FLUIDS (FOR III SEMESTER) UNIT II FLUID STATICS & KINEMATICS PREPARED BY R.SURYA, M.E Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SRI VIDYA COLLEGE
More information10 - FLUID MECHANICS Page 1
0 - FLUID MECHANICS Page Introduction Fluid is a matter in a state which can flow. Liquids, gases, molten metal and tar are examples of fluids. Fluid mechanics is studied in two parts: ( i ) Fluid statics
More informationFE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering)
Topic: Fluid Properties 1. If 6 m 3 of oil weighs 47 kn, calculate its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. 2. 10.0 L of an incompressible liquid exert a force of 20 N at the earth s surface.
More informationCH.1 Overview of Fluid Mechanics/22 MARKS. 1.1 Fluid Fundamentals.
Content : 1.1 Fluid Fundamentals. 08 Marks Classification of Fluid, Properties of fluids like Specific Weight, Specific gravity, Surface tension, Capillarity, Viscosity. Specification of hydraulic oil
More informationExperiment- To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. Experiment To determine the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter.
SUBJECT: FLUID MECHANICS VIVA QUESTIONS (M.E 4 th SEM) Experiment- To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. Q1. Explain impulse momentum principal. Ans1. Momentum equation is based on Newton s
More informationChapter 9: Solids and Fluids
Chapter 9: Solids and Fluids State of matters: Solid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma. Solids Has definite volume and shape Can be crystalline or amorphous Molecules are held in specific locations by electrical
More informationPressure in stationary and moving fluid. Lab-On-Chip: Lecture 2
Pressure in stationary and moving fluid Lab-On-Chip: Lecture Fluid Statics No shearing stress.no relative movement between adjacent fluid particles, i.e. static or moving as a single block Pressure at
More informationChapter 4 DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
Faculty Of Engineering at Shobra nd Year Civil - 016 Chapter 4 DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW 4-1 Types of Energy 4- Euler s Equation 4-3 Bernoulli s Equation 4-4 Total Energy Line (TEL) and Hydraulic Grade Line
More informationBACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING)
No. of Printed Pages : 6 BME-028 BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING) Term-End Examination December, 2011 00792 BME-028 : FLUID MECHANICS Time : 3 hours
More informationChapter 9. Solids and Fluids. 1. Introduction. 2. Fluids at Rest. 3. Fluid Motion
Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids 1. Introduction 2. Fluids at Rest 3. Fluid Motion 1 States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma 2 Density and Specific Gravity What is Density? How do I calculate it? What are
More informationNPTEL Quiz Hydraulics
Introduction NPTEL Quiz Hydraulics 1. An ideal fluid is a. One which obeys Newton s law of viscosity b. Frictionless and incompressible c. Very viscous d. Frictionless and compressible 2. The unit of kinematic
More informationTable of Contents. Preface... xiii
Preface... xiii PART I. ELEMENTS IN FLUID MECHANICS... 1 Chapter 1. Local Equations of Fluid Mechanics... 3 1.1. Forces, stress tensor, and pressure... 4 1.2. Navier Stokes equations in Cartesian coordinates...
More informationUNIT II CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER
UNIT II CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER Convection is the mode of heat transfer between a surface and a fluid moving over it. The energy transfer in convection is predominately due to the bulk motion of the fluid
More informationQ1 Give answers to all of the following questions (5 marks each):
FLUID MECHANICS First Year Exam Solutions 03 Q Give answers to all of the following questions (5 marks each): (a) A cylinder of m in diameter is made with material of relative density 0.5. It is moored
More informationPhysics 207 Lecture 18
Physics 07, Lecture 8, Nov. 6 MidTerm Mean 58.4 (64.6) Median 58 St. Dev. 6 (9) High 94 Low 9 Nominal curve: (conservative) 80-00 A 6-79 B or A/B 34-6 C or B/C 9-33 marginal 9-8 D Physics 07: Lecture 8,
More informationPetroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara
Continents Petroleum Engineering Department Fluid Mechanics Second Stage Assist Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Alshara Chapter 1. Fluid Mechanics -Properties of fluids -Density, specific gravity, specific volume and
More informationPhysics 123 Unit #1 Review
Physics 123 Unit #1 Review I. Definitions & Facts Density Specific gravity (= material / water) Pressure Atmosphere, bar, Pascal Barometer Streamline, laminar flow Turbulence Gauge pressure II. Mathematics
More informationBERNOULLI EQUATION. The motion of a fluid is usually extremely complex.
BERNOULLI EQUATION The motion of a fluid is usually extremely complex. The study of a fluid at rest, or in relative equilibrium, was simplified by the absence of shear stress, but when a fluid flows over
More informationSCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SRM UNIVERSITY COURSE PLAN
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SRM UNIVERSITY COURSE PLAN Course code : CH0317 Course Title : Momentum Transfer Semester : V Course Time : July Nov 2011 Required Text
More informationPROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
Unit - I Chapter - PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS Solutions of Examples for Practice Example.9 : Given data : u = y y, = 8 Poise = 0.8 Pa-s To find : Shear stress. Step - : Calculate the shear stress at various
More informationChemical and Biomolecular Engineering 150A Transport Processes Spring Semester 2017
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 150A Transport Processes Spring Semester 2017 Objective: Text: To introduce the basic concepts of fluid mechanics and heat transfer necessary for solution of engineering
More informationː ˠ Ǫː Ǫ. ʿǪ ǪȅԹ ˠ. Save from:
ː ˠ Ǫː Ǫ قسم الهندسة الكيمیاویة Ǫ ߧ Ǫلثانیة ʿǪ ǪȅԹ ˠ د. ˡ Զ ބ, د.صلاح سلمان Save from: http://www.uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-chem-eng/index.htm FLUID FLOW- 2 nd Year CHEMICAL ENG. DEPT. LECTURE-TWO-
More informationTheory and Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics
1 2 Lecture (1) on Fayoum University Theory and Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics By Dr. Emad M. Saad Mechanical Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering Fayoum University Faculty of Engineering Mechanical
More information2 Internal Fluid Flow
Internal Fluid Flow.1 Definitions Fluid Dynamics The study of fluids in motion. Static Pressure The pressure at a given point exerted by the static head of the fluid present directly above that point.
More informationChapter 14 - Fluids. -Archimedes, On Floating Bodies. David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton PHYS 213. Chapter 14 - Fluids. Objectives (Ch 14)
Any solid lighter than a fluid will, if placed in the fluid, be so far immersed that the weight of the solid will be equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. -Archimedes, On Floating Bodies David J.
More information5 ENERGY EQUATION OF FLUID MOTION
5 ENERGY EQUATION OF FLUID MOTION 5.1 Introduction In order to develop the equations that describe a flow, it is assumed that fluids are subject to certain fundamental laws of physics. The pertinent laws
More informationEXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER
EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER 1.1 AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1.2 EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Orifice meter test rig, Stopwatch 1.3 PREPARATION 1.3.1
More informationPhysics 106 Lecture 13. Fluid Mechanics
Physics 106 Lecture 13 Fluid Mechanics SJ 7 th Ed.: Chap 14.1 to 14.5 What is a fluid? Pressure Pressure varies with depth Pascal s principle Methods for measuring pressure Buoyant forces Archimedes principle
More informationMass of fluid leaving per unit time
5 ENERGY EQUATION OF FLUID MOTION 5.1 Eulerian Approach & Control Volume In order to develop the equations that describe a flow, it is assumed that fluids are subject to certain fundamental laws of physics.
More informationMULTIPLE-CHOICE PROBLEMS:(Two marks per answer) (Circle the Letter Beside the Most Correct Answer in the Questions Below.)
MULTIPLE-CHOICE PROLEMS:(Two marks per answer) (Circle the Letter eside the Most Correct Answer in the Questions elow.) 1. The absolute viscosity µ of a fluid is primarily a function of: a. Density. b.
More informationChapter 3 Fluid Statics
Chapter 3 Fluid Statics 3.1 Pressure Pressure : The ratio of normal force to area at a point. Pressure often varies from point to point. Pressure is a scalar quantity; it has magnitude only It produces
More informationCHAPTER 13. Liquids FLUIDS FLUIDS. Gases. Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility. To begin with... some important definitions...
CHAPTER 13 FLUIDS Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility Pressure in a fluid! Hydraulic lift! Hydrostatic paradox Measurement of pressure! Manometers and barometers Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle! Upthrust!
More informationREE 307 Fluid Mechanics II. Lecture 1. Sep 27, Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy. Zewail City for Science and Technology
REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II Lecture 1 Sep 27, 2017 Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy Zewail City for Science and Technology Course Materials drahmednagib.com 2 COURSE OUTLINE Fundamental of Flow in pipes
More informationLiquids and solids are essentially incompressible substances and the variation of their density with pressure is usually negligible.
Properties of Fluids Intensive properties are those that are independent of the mass of a system i.e. temperature, pressure and density. Extensive properties are those whose values depend on the size of
More informationFluid Statics. Pressure. Pressure
Pressure Fluid Statics Variation of Pressure with Position in a Fluid Measurement of Pressure Hydrostatic Thrusts on Submerged Surfaces Plane Surfaces Curved Surfaces ddendum First and Second Moment of
More informationEric G. Paterson. Spring 2005
Eric G. Paterson Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Pennsylvania State University Spring 2005 Reading and Homework Read Chapter 3. Homework Set #2 has been posted. Due date: Friday 21 January.
More informationLecture 8 Equilibrium and Elasticity
Lecture 8 Equilibrium and Elasticity July 19 EQUILIBRIUM AND ELASTICITY CHAPTER 12 Give a sharp blow one end of a stick on the table. Find center of percussion. Baseball bat center of percussion Equilibrium
More informationHigher Education. Mc Grauu FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SECOND EDITION
FLUID MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SECOND EDITION Mc Grauu Higher Education Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur
More informationChapter 11. Fluids. continued
Chapter 11 Fluids continued 11.2 Pressure Pressure is the amount of force acting on an area: Example 2 The Force on a Swimmer P = F A SI unit: N/m 2 (1 Pa = 1 N/m 2 ) Suppose the pressure acting on the
More informationFE Exam Fluids Review October 23, Important Concepts
FE Exam Fluids Review October 3, 013 mportant Concepts Density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity (Water 1000 kg/m^3, Air 1. kg/m^3) Meaning & Symbols? Stress, Pressure, Viscosity; Meaning
More informationLECTURE NOTES FLUID MECHANICS (ACE005)
LECTURE NOTES ON FLUID MECHANICS (ACE005) B.Tech IV semester (Autonomous) (2017-18) Dr. G. Venkata Ramana Professor. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) DUNDIGAL,
More informationChapter 9. Solids and Fluids. States of Matter. Solid. Liquid. Gas
Chapter 9 States of Matter Solids and Fluids Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about equilibrium
More informationCHAPTER 3 BASIC EQUATIONS IN FLUID MECHANICS NOOR ALIZA AHMAD
CHAPTER 3 BASIC EQUATIONS IN FLUID MECHANICS 1 INTRODUCTION Flow often referred as an ideal fluid. We presume that such a fluid has no viscosity. However, this is an idealized situation that does not exist.
More informationApplied Fluid Mechanics
Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and
More informationUNIT II Real fluids. FMM / KRG / MECH / NPRCET Page 78. Laminar and turbulent flow
UNIT II Real fluids The flow of real fluids exhibits viscous effect that is they tend to "stick" to solid surfaces and have stresses within their body. You might remember from earlier in the course Newtons
More informationApplied Fluid Mechanics
Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and
More informationMECHANICS OF FLUIDS. (For B.E. Mechanical Engineering Students) As per New Revised Syllabus of APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS (For B.E. Mechanical Engineering Students) As per New Revised Syllabus of APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Dr. S.Ramachandran, M.E., Ph.D., Mr. K.Pandian, M.E., Mr. YVS. Karthick,
More informationChapter 9. Solids and Fluids
Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about equilibrium
More informationSubject-wise Tests. Tests will be activated at 6:00 pm on scheduled day
Subject-wise Tests Tests will be activated at 6:00 pm on scheduled day Test No Test-01 Test-02 SM-1 Economic development in India since independence with emphasis on Andhra Pradesh + Science & Technology
More informationMULTIPLE-CHOICE PROBLEMS :(Two marks per answer) (Circle the Letter Beside the Most Correct Answer in the Questions Below.)
Test Midterm 1 F2013 MULTIPLE-CHOICE PROBLEMS :(Two marks per answer) (Circle the Letter Beside the Most Correct nswer in the Questions Below.) 1. The absolute viscosity µ of a fluid is primarily a function
More informationCOURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I 3 credit hour. Basic Equations in fluid Dynamics
COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I 3 credit hour Basic Equations in fluid Dynamics Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET 1 Description of Fluid
More informationUniversity of Engineering and Technology, Taxila. Department of Civil Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila Department of Civil Engineering Course Title: CE-201 Fluid Mechanics - I Pre-requisite(s): None Credit Hours: 2 + 1 Contact Hours: 2 + 3 Text Book(s): Reference
More informationPhysics 201 Chapter 13 Lecture 1
Physics 201 Chapter 13 Lecture 1 Fluid Statics Pascal s Principle Archimedes Principle (Buoyancy) Fluid Dynamics Continuity Equation Bernoulli Equation 11/30/2009 Physics 201, UW-Madison 1 Fluids Density
More informationChapter 9. Solids and Fluids 9.3 DENSITY AND PRESSURE
9.3 DENSITY AND PRESSURE Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids The density of an object having uniform composition is defined as its mass M divided by its volume V: M V [9.6] SI unit: kilogram per meter cubed (kg/m
More informationReference : McCabe, W.L. Smith J.C. & Harriett P., Unit Operations of Chemical
1 Course materials (References) Textbook: Welty J. R., Wicks, C. E., Wilson, R. E., & Rorrer, G., Fundamentals of Momentum Heat, and Mass Transfer, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons.2000 Reference : McCabe,
More informationChapter 1 Fluid and their Properties
June -15 Jan - 16 GTU Paper Analysis (New Syllabus) Chapter 1 Fluid and their Properties Sr. No. Questions Theory 2. Explain the following terms: Relative density 2. Kinematic viscosity 3. Cavitation 4.
More informationFluids. Fluid = Gas or Liquid. Density Pressure in a Fluid Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle Fluids in Motion
Chapter 14 Fluids Fluids Density Pressure in a Fluid Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle Fluids in Motion Fluid = Gas or Liquid MFMcGraw-PHY45 Chap_14Ha-Fluids-Revised 10/13/01 Densities MFMcGraw-PHY45 Chap_14Ha-Fluids-Revised
More informationHYDRAULICS STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL HYDRAULICS
1 STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL Syllabus Hydraulics ( Fluid Mechanics ) Fluid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli's theorem and its application, flow
More informationFluid Mechanics Testbank By David Admiraal
Fluid Mechanics Testbank By David Admiraal This testbank was created for an introductory fluid mechanics class. The primary intentions of the testbank are to help students improve their performance on
More information