Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By Ivy Global) Section 1 Analytical Reasoning
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1 Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By ) Section 1 Analytical Reasoning Questions 1 5 Since L occupies its own floor, the remaining two must have H in the upper and I in the lower. P and T also need to remain together. This means that the arrangement of floors can either be 1 department, 2 departments, and 4 departments or be 1 department, 3 departments, and 3 departments. The groupings will look like this: L P T H F/S F/S I or L P T H F S I In terms of placement, the group with H in it must always be directly about the group with I in it, and so L can only be on the top or bottom floor, H on middle or top, and I on middle or bottom. 1. Type of Question: Global List This type of question should be approached using a rule sweep a) Eliminated by rule # 2: H not on floor immediately above I b) Eliminated by rule # 1: P and T separated c) This is the correct answer. It is the only choice that does not break any rules. d) Eliminated by rule #3: L not on own floor e) Eliminated by rule #2: H not on floor immediately above I 2. Type of Question: Local Could Be True Let s plug the new information into the diagram: TOP H MIDDLE P I T BOTTOM L P requires T, so that brings T onto the middle floor. H needs to be directly about I, so it falls onto the top. L then occupies the entire bottom floor by default. F and S are left to place, and they could either both fall on the top floor, or be separated between the top and middle. a) This is the correct answer. If we put F on the middle floor, S is placed on the top floor, and no rules are broken. b) H must be above I, and I is already on the middle floor. c) Since H must be on the top floor, L must be on the bottom to avoid sharing space. d) L has taken the bottom floor and cannot share, so no S. e) T needs to stay with P, which has been assigned to the middle. 3. Type of Question: Global Cannot Be True This question should be approached with a rule sweep, but this time we ll only find that one of the choices violates a rule. a) This looks fine. We know the floor underneath would have to be I and S, and this is acceptable. b) This is also fine, and is the opposite of a). The floor above it would be H and S.
2 Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By ) c) This is the correct answer. It violates rule #2 by forcing H and I onto the same floor (remember, L has to be alone.) d) This is fine. The floor underneath would be I and F, perfectly acceptable. e) This is the opposite of the above, also fine. The floor above would be H and F, just as good. 4. Type of Question: Local Could Be True Remember the last question, and how we found the combination of P, T, F, and S couldn t work because it would force H and I together? Let s keep that in mind for this question. Since the L floor is out the mix, we re really only working with two floors: the one with H and the one with I. P and T have to be together, and so do F and S now. Since we can t have more than four departments on one floor, one block has to go with H, and the other has to go with I. So there are two acceptable combinations: L P T H F S I or L P T I F S H a) This isn t possible. Assigning the one-department-floor (L) to the middle would separate H and I. b) We can t have four departments with this kind of combination. The separation has to be c) Again, we know the separation has to be d) This is the correct answer. The grouping with I can go on the bottom floor. e) The separation must be Type of Question: Local Must Be True If P is with exactly two other departments, and we know L has to be alone, then the split between departments is going to be the same as in question The distribution of departments will also follow one of the two groups that we created in the above question. With the additional information that P is on the middle floor, we can create two hypotheticals: TOP L TOP F S H MIDDLE P T H MIDDLE P T I BOTTOM F S I BOTTOM L a) This actually isn t true in any situation F either has to be on the same floor as, or the floor below, H. b) Looking at both of our hypotheticals this also can t be true. c) This is the correct answer. Because the middle floor has to have P, T and H or I, F and S must occur together. d) This happens in our first hypothetical, but not our second. It could be true, but it doesn t have to be. e) This happens in our second hypothetical, but not our first. It could be true, but it doesn t have to be. Questions 6 10 There aren t a lot of inferences or deductions we can make in this game. With our rules in mind, we should attack the questions. 6. Type of Question: Global List This question should be approached with a rule sweep
3 Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By ) a) Eliminated by rule #1: G is not immediately before K b) Eliminated by rule # 2: H cannot be first c) This is the correct answer. It does not break any rules. d) Eliminated by rule #3: I and L need to be beside each other e) Eliminated by rule #5: F is not in the first or seventh place 7. Type of Question: Local Could Be True The introduction of an IG block creates a giant chain, combining H-GK with IL/LI and IG to create H-LIGK. We ll keep this is mind when we look at the answer choices. a) Could G come fourth? We know that H, L, and I have to come before it because of our new chain. We also know that M needs to go in 1, 2, or 3. This puts four photos before G, meaning the earliest it can come is fifth. b) L, I, G, and K all need to come after H, and so if H is in the fourth position we don t have enough room for all of them. c) H, L, and M need to come before I, so it can t be in the third spot. d) If L goes in the second spot, then our chain shows us that H must be in 1 and in I in 3. But we need to have M in the first three spots, so this doesn t work. e) This is the correct answer. Diagrammed out it would read F-H-M-L-I-G-K. Perfectly fine. 8. Type of Question: Global Fully Determined This question generally would require us to dive in and work right through the answer choices. a) This gives us F H/M H/M G K I/L I/L incomplete. b) This doesn t yield anything definite from a diagram and we can quickly move on from it. c) This gives us M/L I M/L H G K F almost, but not quite. d) This is the correct answer, and yields L-I-M-H-G-K-F e) This doesn t yield anything definite from a diagram and we can quickly move on from it. 9. Type of Question: Local Cannot Be True When going through these answer choices we need to keep in mind that we have two blocks of two in this game GK and IL/LI. Wherever we place our other variables cannot break up these blocks. a) If H is in 3, then we can fit our two block of two in 4 7, and F can sit in 1. No problem. b) This is the correct answer. If H is in 4, then we would be forced to break up one of our two blocks. You can see this by looking at the leftover spaces: M H. There s only enough room for one block of two here. c) Putting H in 5 allows for F-M-L-I-H-G-K or F-M-I-L-H-G-K to occur. d) Putting G in 4 allows for the same as answer choice a). e) This is also acceptable as it does not break up any blocks. 10. Type of Question: Local New Rule This question asks us to find a new rule that can replace out H-K, H not 1 rule and still have the same effect on determining the order of the photos. We need to find out what the rule did, and then find a rule that matches up with it. This rule Forced H to come before K (and G, by extension of the GK block)
4 Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By ) Kept H out of the first spot a) This rule doesn t do anything to force K after H. By this rule, if we put F in 1, then there are no rules regarding H at all. b) Under the original rule, we don t need to put F or M in the first position (we could put L there, as in question 8). This doesn t align with the old rule. c) This is too broad nothing governs where H goes among 1 6, and there is nothing regarding K. It doesn t even stop H from being in 1. d) This is the correct answer. It stops H from ever being in 1 (by virtue of having to be between M and G), and its M-H-G placement forces H before K due to the GK block. When H is in 2, K still must come after H because it needs to fill two spaces (GK). e) We don t need to have F before H. Questions The rules can be combined and simplified to the following two rules and their contrapositives: M ~J R P S9 ~W G ~R J ~M ~G W ~S9 ~P We also have a few of our spots filled in a bit. We know that we must have one of W or G, and that we must either have J or R or both. If two spots are left (i.e. if we only choose one of J and R), then we have M, P, and S3 or S9 to choose from (with many restrictions). If one spot is left (i.e. if we choose both J and R), then we can fill in the last spot only with S3 or S Type of Question: Global List This question should be approached using a rule sweep a) Eliminated by rule #4: contains Psychology but not Statistics at 9 am b) Eliminated by rule # 1: does not contain Japanese or Russian c) Eliminated by rule #2: contains both Japanese and Macroeconomics d) This is the correct answer. It does not break any rules. e) Eliminated by rule #5: does not contain either Geography or World History 12. Type of Question: Global Partial and Accurate List This question can also be approached using a rule sweep a) Eliminated by rule #5: contains both Geography and World History b) Eliminated by rule #2: contains both Japanese and Macroeconomics c) Eliminated by a combination of rule #3 and rule #4: contains Psychology, which requires Statistics 9, but also contains World History, which cannot occur with Statistics 9 d) Eliminated for same reason as c). e) This is the correct answer. It does not break any rules. 13. Type of Question: Local Fully Determined Let s plug this into a diagram: IN G/W R OUT G/W
5 Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By ) The one thing we know is that the variable that helps solve the puzzle will have to tell us which of G/W is in and will also have to fill in the fourth spot. So, we need to find which course would affect G/W and also give us another course. - P nails this. P not only requires S9, but also eliminates W, solving the G/W slot. Let s take a look: IN G R P S9 OUT W J M S3 The answer, then, is c) Psychology. We ll go over the wrong answer choices though, and see why they don t fully determine Alicia s course load: a) IN W R S3 J/M OUT G S9 P J/M This leaves us uncertain regarding J and M. b) IN G/W R S3/S9? OUT G/W S3/S9?? This leaves us with many blanks and unknowns. d) IN G/W R M S3/S9 OUT G/W J P S3/S9 Again, we cannot determine G/W or S3/S9. e) IN G/W R J S3/S9 OUT G/W M P S3/S9 Again, we cannot determine G/W or S3/S Type of Question: Local Could Be True For this question we ll want to avoid choosing any courses that will force Alicia to take Statistics at a specific time, as well as any that don t allow her to take Statistics at all. Since S9 must be taken with P, we ll need to eliminate any answer choices with P in them. Eliminate b) and d). Both contain P and for Alicia to choose a specific time for S (9). We also know that World History won t allow Alicia to take Statistics at 9, so she wouldn t have to option of either Statistics course if W is chosen. Eliminate c) and e). Both contain W, and for Alicia to either take S at 3, or not take S at all. We re left with a) Geography and Japanese, and this is the correct answer. Let s see how those fit in and allow S options: IN G J R S3/S9 OUT W M P S3/S9 15. Type of Question: Local Must Be True Let s plug this into the diagram: IN G S3 R J/M OUT W P S9 J/M
6 Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By ) What happened here? First, choosing G broke up our G/W and forced W out. Choosing S3 then forced both S9 and P out, since Alicia isn t taking two S courses, and P cannot occur without S9. This left us with R, J, and M. We know that J and M can t occur together it s a numbers game that forces R in, and leaves us unsure on J and M. a) We know that J could be in or could be out, so it doesn t satisfy the must be true condition. b) Just like J, M could be either in or out. c) We know P is out, since it can t occur without S9, which has been forced out by S3. d) This is the correct answer R must be chosen. e) Choosing G bumped out W, so this must be false. 16. Type of Question: Global Could Be True (New Rule) When we get a new rule, it s best to go redraw our master diagram with the new rule to see what s changed. In this case, we lose one of our big chains and end up with three shorter chains: M ~J R P S3 or S9 ~G W ~S9 ~R J ~M ~S3 and ~S9 ~P S9 ~W G From there we can do a rule sweep to eliminate answer choices: a) This is the correct answer. It does not break any rules. b) Eliminated by original rule #1: does not contain either J or R c) Eliminated by new rule: takes P without S d) Eliminated by new rule: takes P without S (and original rule #5: takes both G and W) e) Eliminated by original rule #5: takes both G and W Questions This game is tricky, because it seems like you re being set up to play out a couple quick hypotheticals. Once you get into, however, you should realize that there are far too many possibilities for hypotheticals to be an efficient approach. We also can t make much by way of inference or deduction in this game. When going through the questions though it is good to keep in mind the positioning of the two big blocks (T/M T/M and VW/L VW/L), and to remember that we have a floater, or null, N, that will likely help us out in placing those blocks. 17. Type of Question: Global List This question should be approached using a rule sweep a) This is the correct answer. It does not break any rules. b) Eliminated by rule #1: L must be after T. c) Eliminated by rule #4: V and L are separated by more than two cities d) Eliminated by rule #2: W and V are separated e) Eliminated by rule 3: M and T are separated by less than two cities
7 Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By ) 18. Type of Question: Global Must Be True This question should be approached using a rule sweep/brute force sweep. It s best to leave this question until after you ve filled in some local questions (i.e. 21) and have some past work to go off of. a) If we did the local questions first we see in 21 that this isn t necessarily true. b) Again, in 21 we saw M in position 1. c) In 21, M was in position 1, and so well before T. d) 17 and 21 both do not create VN block. e) This is the correct answer. If we didn t catch this in diagramming, it s a good thing to keep in mind. 19. Type of Question: Global Fully Determined For this question we need to dive right into the answer choices, remembering that we need to fully determine the order. a) If we plug this in, we can t determine much other than the fact that V is in 2. Move on. b) This one doesn t yield enough information either there are still too many possibilities. c) Since we now know that W and N are separated by two spaces, we can put W in 2. Beyond that, the last two blocks could switch around in a number of ways. d) This is the correct answer. When we put V in 1 we get V W T L N M, fully determined! e) This reveals the same as c) did 20. Type of Question: Global List This is another question in which it s useful for us to use past work to rule out certain answer choices. Remember, we re looking for a complete and accurate list, so if we find an answer choice that does not contain a spot we know W can, or conversely contains a spot we know W can t go, it can be eliminated. On examination of all our past work, we can see that W has been placed in 1, 2, 3, 6. Could W go in 4 or 5? It doesn t look like it couldn t, but let s see if we can eliminate down to the right answer before we try to work it out that way. a) Eliminate- doesn t contain 2 or 6 b) Eliminate- doesn t contain 1 or 6 c) Eliminate- doesn t contain 1 d) Eliminate- doesn t contain 3 e) This is the correct answer, by virtue of elimination. If we didn t already figure it out, it s good to keep in mind that W could go in any of the six spots. 21. Type of Question: Local Cannot Be True Let s plug this into our diagram: M T We know L will have to come after T, and there are two ways its block with V can fit: M V _ T L _ or M _ V T _ L We also know the V and W must be together, so we re left with two hypotheticals: M V W T L N M W V T N L a) This is possible. We see it in hypo 1. b) This is possible, and happens in hypo 2.
8 Preptests 59 Answers and Explanations (By ) c) This is necessary if M is in the first year. d) This is possible, and happens in hypo 2. e) This is the correct answer. We don t see L in 3 in either of the hypotheticals, because doing so would force L before T. 22. Type of Question: Global Could Be True This question can be approached through past work and rule matching. a) This is eliminated by rule #1: L can t be 1, because it must come after T. b) This is the correct answer. We haven t seen this happen in our past work, but seeing a floater (N) in a global could be true question is often a good sign, because these variable can usually float around- they could be in many positions. A quick hypothetical shows us this could work: T N L M W V c) Putting M in 3 forces T into 6 to satisfy rule #3, but then violates rule #1, because there s nowhere after T to put L. d) Putting V in 4 forces L into 1 to satisfy rule #4, but then violates rule #1, because there s nowhere before L to put T. e) This is eliminated by rule #1: we can t put T in 6 because it must come before L. 23. Type of Question: Global Must Be False This rule again should be approached with a rule sweep and past work comparison. We can eliminate anything we ve seen before we re looking for the one answer that violates or forces a variable to violate a rule. a) We saw this in the hypothetical we made in 22. It s possible, so we can eliminate it. b) This is the correct answer. Since V and L must be separated by two spaces, and W is immediately before or after L, the numbers don t work. They ll never be together. c) We ve seen this happen in a few hypotheticals, so we know it s possible, and can be eliminated. d) We saw this happen in 21, so it can be eliminated. e) This also happened in 21 eliminate.
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