Domremy Program Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Moving About Program Updated August 2007 Page 1

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1 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 1 COURSE: Preliminary Physics MODULE: 8.4 Mving Abut SUGGESTED TIME: 28 indicative hurs. CONTEXTUAL OUTLINE Increased access t transprt is a feature f tday s sciety. Mst peple access sme frm f transprt fr travel t and frm schl r wrk and fr leisure utings at weekends r n hlidays. When describing jurneys that they may have taken in buses r trains, they usually d s in terms f time r their starting pint and their destinatin. When describing trips they may have taken in planes r cars, they nrmally use the time it takes, distance cvered r the speed f the vehicle as their reference pints. While distance, time and speed are fundamental t the understanding f kinematics and dynamics, very few peple cnsider a trip in terms f energy, frce r the mmentum assciated with the vehicle, even at lw r mderate speeds. The faster a vehicle is travelling, the further it will g befre it is able t stp. Majr damage can be dne t ther vehicles and t the human bdy in cllisins, even at lw speeds. This is because during a cllisin sme r all f the vehicle s kinetic energy is dissipated thrugh the vehicle and the bject with which it cllides. Further, the materials frm which vehicles are cnstructed d nt defrm r bend as easily as the human bdy. Technlgical advances and systematic study f vehicle crashes have increased understanding f the interactins invlved, the ptential resultant damage and pssible ways f reducing the effects f cllisins. There are many safety devices nw installed in r n vehicles, including seat belts and air bags. Mdern rad design takes int accunt ways in which vehicles can be frced t reduce their speed. This mdule increases students understanding f the nature and practice f physics and the implicatins f physics fr sciety and the envirnment. Assumed Knwledge Dmain: knwledge and understanding: Refer t the Science Stages 4 5 Syllabus fr the fllwing: 5.6.2a describe qualitatively the relatinship between frce, mass and acceleratin 5.6.2b explain qualitatively the relatinship between distance, speed and time 5.6.2c relate qualitatively acceleratin t change in speed and/r directin as a result f a net frce 5.6.2d analyse qualitatively cmmn situatins invlving mtin in terms f Newtn s Laws.

2 Outcmes P2 P4 P6 P7 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 applies the prcesses that are used t test and validate mdels, theries and laws f science with particular emphasis n first-hand investigatins in physics describes applicatins f physics which affect sciety r the envirnment describes the frces acting n an bject which cause changes in its mtin describes the effects f energy transfers and energy transfrmatins justifies the apprpriateness f a particular investigatin plan evaluates ways in which accuracy and reliability culd be imprved in investigatins uses terminlgy and reprting styles apprpriately and successfully t cmmunicate infrmatin and understanding assesses the validity f cnclusins frm gathered data and infrmatin explains why an investigatin is best undertaken individually r by a team justifies psitive values abut and attitudes twards bth the living and nn-living cmpnents f the envirnment, ethical behaviur and a desire fr critical evaluatin f the cnsequences f the applicatins f science Sense f the Sacred Student will appreciate hw an understanding f mtin and its impact n sciety affects ur daily lives and can imprve the lives f thers. Glssary Acceleratin Air bag Average Centrifugal Centripetal Crumple zne Displacement Field Frce Gravity Harness seatbelt Impulse Inertia Inertial reel safety belt Instantaneus Lap sash seatbelt Lap seatbelt Mass Matter Mmentum Phenmena Scalar Speed Vectr Weight

3 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 3 Cncept Map Speedmeter Scalar Speed Velcity Acceleratin Seat Belts Speed Humps CrumpleZnes Distance Cllisins Time Air Resistance Frictin Kinetic Energy Vectrs Frce Inerti a Mmentum Mass Weight Impulse Bull Bars

4 OUTCOMES / ASSESSMENT OPPORTUNITIES The fllwing tasks are prvided as samples that culd be used thrughut the mdule. In general, hwever it is unlikely that mre than 1 task wuld ever be used. TASK DESCRIPTION P2 P4 P6 P7 P11 P12 P13 P14 1 Cnstruct a cncept map f "What makes a safe car? 2 Analysis f presented graphical data n accident injury trends and develpment in car safety devices. 3 Vectr analysis t determine resultant frces, mtin, mmentum changes. 4 Open ended investigatin intthe effectiveness f a range f safety features incrprated int mdern cars. 5 Design an investigatin int the dangers f lse bjects in mving vehicles. 6 Frm presented vide, a critique f anther class's experimental prcedure fr mdelling the functin f a car safety device.

5 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 5 MODULE REFERENCES REFERENCES T1 Prject Physics Bk 1, pp 1-42 ISBN T2 Prject Physics Reader 1, Cncepts f Mtin ISBN T3 Physics, The Frces f Life, pp T4 Physics fr a Mdern Wrld, Bunn, ISBN x T5 Advanced Physics, Ling et al (ed.), pp 12-45, Lngman ISBN T6 Physics Outlines, N.G. Warren, pages 3-24 ISBN T7 Prject Physics Bk 1, 9-49 ISBN T8 Micrsft Encarta Encyclpaedia T9 Cllege Physics, Miller, pages 9-67, ISBN, Useful Prgrams P1 P2 Vidshell is an excellent mtin analysis prgram (althugh it's a 12Mb dwnlad). It's abslutely great if yu've gt a camera that can take AVI r Quicktime mvies, but there's already a substantial database f varius types f mtin t chse frm. Physics Cllisins (PHYSCOLS) simulates particles clliding with each ther. Websites W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 The Australian Transprt Safety Bureau has a large amunt f infrmatin and statistics. Very useful. The irn science teacher displays mvies f varius events. Check the schedule but it is demanding n bandwidth. Science Link indexes many ther useful sites n mtin. Multimedia Physics Studis has a "Truck and Ladder" animatin shwing inertia. The Human Pwered Vehicle Assciatin displays all recrds achieved by humans in mtin. Challenging the Wrld Land Speed Recrd essay. Crumple Znes in Autmbiles. Excellent site with gd links t car manufacturers. Rad Safety Web links Australia and Wrldwide. Excellent site. - Devices t help drivers cntrl their speed. Gd site. - Csts f Fur Wheel Drive Ownership. Gd article n bullbars. - Physics f Rllver Crashes. Gd animatins f rllvers and explanatins. - Severe and Fatal Car Crashes Due t Radside Hazards. The title says it all. - Newtn's Laws f Mtin tutrial. Gd cverage f the basic cncepts. Nva Online has an excellent summary f the safety features f cars.

6 Vides V1 Physics f a Fun Park V2 Prjectiles (Classrm Vide) V Physics f Car crashes R54638 V4 241 Physics f Mtin R49819 V5 978 Newtn s Laws Quantum 29/3/93 R45347 Jurnals / Articles J1

7 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 7 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces 1. Vehicles d nt typically travel at a cnstant speed P2 applies the prcesses that identify that a typical jurney invlves speed changes Suggested Time: 1 hur T1-T9 are used t test and validate challenge students t analyse their mde f P1-P2 mdels, theries and laws f transprt t and frm schl. (SOS, lit) W1-W14 science with particular emphasis n first-hand challenge students t make estimates f time taken t make certain jurneys. V1-V5 investigatins in physics Estimate the number f speed changes a student P6 describes the frces may make travelling t schl. acting n an bject which cause changes in its mtin Key Plicy implementatin SOS Sense f the Sacred GT Gifted and Talented ab abriginality tech technlgy ESL English as a Secnd Language lit - Literacy ns nn-sexist SE Special Educatin num - Numeracy

8 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces distinguish between the instantaneus and average speed f vehicles Suggested Time: 3 hurs T1-T9 and ther bdies Use the frmula v = s/t t slve prblems (num) P1-P2 write definitins and give examples fr W1-W14 cmpare instantaneus and average speed with instantaneus and instantaneus and average speed V1-V5 average velcity Research using the internet and ther surces f infrmatin the peratin f a speedmeter f a mtr vehicle. Write a 1 page reprt.(exp. 4; Speedmeters) (lit) P2 applies the prcesses that are used t test and validate mdels, theries and laws f science with particular emphasis n first-hand investigatins in physics P6 describes the frces acting n an bject which cause changes in its mtin P11 identifies and implements imprvements t investigatin plans (P11.2a, b; P11.3a, c) P12 discusses the validity and reliability f data gathered frm first-hand investigatins and secndary surces (P12.2a, b, c; P12.3a, b, c, d) P13 identifies apprpriate terminlgy and reprting styles t cmmunicate infrmatin and understanding in physics (P13.1a-h) P14 draws valid cnclusins frm gathered data and infrmatin (P14.3a, b, c) v av r define average velcity as t plan, chse equipment r resurces fr, and perfrm a first-hand investigatin t measure the average speed f an bject r a vehicle by demnstrate the use f the terms dependent and independent t describe variables invlved in the investigatin (11.2a) identify variables that needed t be kept cnstant, develp strategies t ensure that these variables are kept cnstant, and demnstrate the use f a cntrl (11.2b) design investigatins that allw valid and reliable data and infrmatin t be cllected (11.2c) describe and trial prcedures t undertake investigatins and explain why a prcedure, a sequence f prcedures r the repetitin f prcedures is apprpriate (11.2d) predict pssible issues that may arise during the curse f an investigatin and identify strategies t address these issues if necessary (11.2e) identifying and/r setting up the mst apprpriate equipment r cmbinatin f equipment needed t undertake the investigatin (11.3a) carrying ut a risk assessment f intended experimental prcedures and identifying and addressing ptential hazards (11.3b) identifying technlgy that wuld be used during investigatin determining its suitability and effectiveness fr its ptential rle in the prcedure r investigatin (11.3c) carrying ut the planned prcedure, recgnising where and when mdificatins are needed and analysing the effect f these adjustments (12.1a) identifying and using safe wrk practices during investigatins (12.1d) Students wrk in small grups t plan their wn investigatin t determine the average speed f an bject. Students are t then swap investigatins s that their results can be verified by thers Students cmplete experiment 2 r 3, drawing displacement/time, velcity/time graphs fr the mtin f the bjects. Students cmplete Interpreting mtin graphs Mastery Tests. Students cmplete velcity/time assignment sheet.

9 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 9 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces v av r slve prblems and analyse infrmatin using the frmula t where r = displacement, by identify trends, patterns and relatinships as well as cntradictins in data and infrmatin (14.1a) identify and explain hw data supprts r refutes an hypthesis, a predictin r a prpsed slutin t a prblem (14.1c) use mdels, including mathematical nes, t explain phenmena and/r make predictins (14.1f) design and prduce creative slutins t prblems (14.3a) prpse ideas that demnstrate cherence and lgical prgressin and include crrect use f scientific principles and ideas (14.3b) apply critical thinking in the cnsideratin f predictins, hyptheses and the results f investigatins (14.3c) Frmulate cause and effect relatinships (14.3d) present infrmatin graphically f: displacement vs time velcity vs time fr bjects with unifrm and nn-unifrm linear velcity by using symbls and frmulae t express relatinships and using apprpriate units fr physical quantities (13.1d) using a variety f pictrial representatins t shw relatinships and present infrmatin clearly and succinctly (13.1e) selecting and drawing apprpriate graphs t cnvey infrmatin and relatinships clearly and accurately (13.1f)

10 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces distinguish between scalar and vectr quantities in equatins Suggested Time: 2 hurs T1-T9 identify the usefulness f using vectr diagrams t assist slving Write definitins fr scalar and vectr quantities P1-P2 and list examples fr each. W1-W14 prblems. Read and summarise infrmatin cntained in V1-V5 plan, chse equipment r resurces fr and perfrm a first hand wrksheets. Slve prblems using scalar and investigatin t demnstrate vectr additin and subtractin by vectr analysis. (lit, ESL) demnstrate the use f the terms dependent and independent t State that velcity is the vectr equivalent f describe variables invlved in the investigatin (11.2a) speed. Answer prblems invlving speed and velcity. identify variables that needed t be kept cnstant, develp strategies t (num) ensure that these variables are kept cnstant, and demnstrate the use Cmplete the wrksheets n relative mtin. f a cntrl (11.2b) design investigatins that allw valid and reliable data and infrmatin t be cllected (11.2c) describe and trial prcedures t undertake investigatins and explain why a prcedure, a sequence f prcedures r the repetitin f prcedures is apprpriate (11.2d) P11 identifies and implements imprvements t investigatin plans P12 discusses the validity and reliability f data gathered frm first-hand investigatins and secndary surces (P12.2a, b, c; P12.3a, b, c, d) predict pssible issues that may arise during the curse f an investigatin and identify strategies t address these issues if necessary (11.2e) identifying and/r setting up the mst apprpriate equipment r cmbinatin f equipment needed t undertake the investigatin (11.3a) carrying ut a risk assessment f intended experimental prcedures and identifying and addressing ptential hazards (11.3b) identifying technlgy that wuld be used during investigatin determining its suitability and effectiveness fr its ptential rle in the prcedure r investigatin (11.3c) carrying ut the planned prcedure, recgnising where and when mdificatins are needed and analysing the effect f these adjustments (12.1a) identifying and using safe wrk practices during investigatins (12.1d) slve prblems using vectr diagrams t determine resultant velcity, acceleratin and frce by identify trends, patterns and relatinships as well as cntradictins in data and infrmatin (14.1a) identify and explain hw data supprts r refutes an hypthesis, a predictin r a prpsed slutin t a prblem (14.1c) use mdels, including mathematical nes, t explain phenmena and/r make predictins (14.1f).

11 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 11 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces 2. An analysis f the external frces n vehicles helps t understand the effects f acceleratin and deceleratin P6 describes the frces acting n an bject which cause changes in its mtin P11 identifies and implements imprvements t investigatin plans (P11.2a, b, c; P11.3a, b, c) P12 discusses the validity and reliability f data gathered frm first-hand investigatins and secndary surces (P12.3a, b, c, d) describe the mtin f ne bdy relative t anther. explain the need fr a net external frce t act in rder t change the velcity f an bject gather first-hand infrmatin abut different situatins where acceleratin is psitive r negative and use vectr diagrams t represent acceleratin by using apprpriate data cllectin techniques, emplying apprpriate technlgies, including data lggers and sensrs (12.2a) measuring, bserving and recrding results in accessible and recgnisable frms, carrying ut repeat trials as apprpriate (12.2b) plan, chse equipment r resurces fr, and perfrm first-hand investigatins t gather data and use available evidence t shw the relatinship between frce, mass and acceleratin using suitable apparatus by demnstrate the use f the terms dependent and independent t describe variables invlved in the investigatin (11.2a) identify variables that needed t be kept cnstant, develp strategies t ensure that these variables are kept cnstant, and demnstrate the use f a cntrl (11.2b) design investigatins that allw valid and reliable data and infrmatin t be cllected (11.2c) describe and trial prcedures t undertake investigatins and explain why a prcedure, a sequence f prcedures r the repetitin f prcedures is apprpriate (11.2d) predict pssible issues that may arise during the curse f an investigatin and identify strategies t address these issues if necessary (11.2e) identifying and/r setting up the mst apprpriate equipment r cmbinatin f equipment needed t undertake the investigatin (11.3a) carrying ut a risk assessment f intended experimental prcedures and identifying and addressing ptential hazards (11.3b) carrying ut the planned prcedure, recgnising where and when mdificatins are needed and analysing the effect f these adjustments (12.1a) identifying and using safe wrk practices during investigatins (12.1d) Suggested Time: 3 hurs Slve prblems invlving the determinatin f acceleratin. Slve prblems using the frmula F = ma. Cmplete the experiment Understanding Frces. Write a definitin stating that an bject accelerates when it changes its speed r directin. Write Newtn s secnd Law in bth wrds and symbls, then use Newtn s secnd law t derive the frmula F=ma. (lit) Students use a variety f bjects, e.g. trlleys, ty bats in basin f water t simulate situatins in which acceleratin may be psitive r negative. Draw vectr diagrams fr each situatin t shw acceleratin. (num) Students bserve trlleys travelling in straight line mtin acrss a bench, then attempt t change their velcity by applying a net external frce. Student write a brief explanatin shwing why the frce was required. (lit, ESL) Students design their wn investigatin by (G & T, lit, tech, num) identifying the dependent and independent variables selecting apprpriate equipment setting up equipment cllecting apprpriate data. Identify any changes needed fr the methd implement the changes. using knwn frces and measuring the acceleratin f a given bject the students shuld be able t determine the mass f the bject frm a graph f the results T1-T9 P1-P2 W1-W14 V1-V5

12 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces describe the actins that must be taken fr a vehicle t change directin, Suggested Time: 2 hurs T1-T9 speed up and slw dwn Write a shrt passage describing hw students P1-P2 accelerate, decelerate and steer a car. (lit, ESL) W1-W14 describe the typical effects f external frces n bdies including: Observe the surface f a bicycle r car tyre, write V1-V5 frictin between surfaces a passage t explain why the surface has been air resistance made this way. define average acceleratin as P6 describes the frces acting n an bject which cause changes in its mtin P13 identifies apprpriate terminlgy and reprting styles t cmmunicate infrmatin and understanding in physics (P13.1a-g) P14 draws valid cnclusins frm gathered data and infrmatin (P14.3a, b, c) V v u a av a av t therefre t define the terms mass and weight with reference t the effects f gravity utline the frces invlved in causing a change in the velcity f a vehicle when: casting with n pressure n the acceleratr pressing n the acceleratr pressing n the brakes passing ver an icy patch n the rad climbing and descending hills fllwing a curve in the rad interpret Newtn s Secnd Law f Mtin and relate it t the equatin F ma identify the net frce in a wide variety f situatins invlving mdes f transprt t explain the cnsequences f the applicatin f that net frce in terms f Newtn s Secnd Law f Mtin present and prcess infrmatin t analyse the rigins and effects f external frces perating n a vehicle by identify and apply apprpriate mathematical frmulae and cncepts (12.4b) evaluate the validity f first-hand and secndary infrmatin and data in relatin t the area f investigatin (12.4d) assess the reliability f first-hand and secndary infrmatin and data by cnsidering infrmatin frm varius surces (12.4e) assess the accuracy f scientific infrmatin presented in mass media by cmparisn with similar infrmatin presented in scientific jurnals (12.4f) selecting and using apprpriate methds t acknwledge surces f infrmatin (13.1c) Students wrk in small grups t research infrmatin abut the frces acting n a vehicle fr ne f the situatins listed in the previus clumn. The students are t draw a diagram shwing the relevant frces and write a brief explanatin (SOS, lit) Write definitins fr bth mass and weight. Use diagrams t help illustrate the difference between mass and weight.

13 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 13 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces slve prblems and analyse infrmatin using F ma fr a range f situatins AND slve prblems and analyse infrmatin invlving F = mv2/r fr vehicles travelling arund curves by identify trends, patterns and relatinships as well as cntradictins in data and infrmatin (14.1a) identify and explain hw data supprts r refutes an hypthesis, a predictin r a prpsed slutin t a prblem (14.1c) use mdels, including mathematical nes, t explain phenmena and/r make predictins (14.1f) design and prduce creative slutins t prblems (14.3a) prpse ideas that demnstrate cherence and lgical prgressin and include crrect use f scientific principles and ideas (14.3b) apply critical thinking in the cnsideratin f predictins, hyptheses and the results f investigatins (14.3c) Frmulate cause and effect relatinships (14.3d) 3. Mving vehicles have kinetic energy and energy transfrmatins are an imprtant aspect in understanding mtin identify that a mving bject pssesses kinetic energy and that wrk Suggested Time: 2 hurs T1-T9 dne n that bject can increase that energy. List the different frms f energy and draw P1-P2 simple flw charts shwing energy cnversins W1-W14 describe the energy transfrmatins that ccur in cllisins. Brainstrm a list f mving bjects and state that V1-V5 define the law f cnservatin f energy they psses kinetic energy. slve prblems and analyse infrmatin t determine the kinetic energy P7 describes the effects f energy transfers and energy transfrmatins P14 draws valid cnclusins frm gathered data and infrmatin (P14.1a-h; P14.2a, b; P14.3a, b, c) E k 1 f a vehicle and the wrk dne using the frmulae: 2 mv 2 and w=fs by identify trends, patterns and relatinships as well as cntradictins in data and infrmatin (14.1a) identify and explain hw data supprts r refutes an hypthesis, a predictin r a prpsed slutin t a prblem (14.1c) use mdels, including mathematical nes, t explain phenmena and/r make predictins (14.1f) design and prduce creative slutins t prblems (14.3a) prpse ideas that demnstrate cherence and lgical prgressin and include crrect use f scientific principles and ideas (14.3b) apply critical thinking in the cnsideratin f predictins, hyptheses and the results f investigatins (14.3c)\ Frmulate cause and effect relatinships (14.3d) Draw flwcharts t illustrate the energy cnversins that take place during a vehicle cllisin. (lit, num) Write a brief descriptin fr each energy cnversin. Plt a line graph f speed against kinetic energy f mving vehicle. Identify the basic relatinship between speed and kinetic energy f mving bjects. Identify the relatinship that the faster an bject is mving the the mre serius an accident is likely t be. Research infrmatin n the physics f car crashes. (lit) Identify methds used by manufacturers t absrb the energy f the mving vehicles during cllisins.

14 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces analyse infrmatin t trace the energy transfers and transfrmatin in cllisins leading t irreversible distrtins by identify trends, patterns and relatinships as well as cntradictins in data and infrmatin (14.1a) identify and explain hw data supprts r refutes an hypthesis, a predictin r a prpsed slutin t a prblem (14.1c) use mdels, including mathematical nes, t explain phenmena and/r make predictins (14.1f) 4. Change f mmentum relates t the frces acting n the vehicle r P6 describes the frces acting n an bject which cause changes in its mtin P11 identifies and implements imprvements t investigatin plans (P11.2a, b, d; P11.3a) P14 draws valid cnclusins frm gathered data and infrmatin (P14.2a; P14.3a, b, c) the driver define mmentum as p mv define impulse as the prduct f frce and time explain why mmentum is cnserved in cllisins in terms f Newtn s Third Law f Mtin. slve prblems and analyse secndary data using p mv and Impulse F t by perfrm first-hand investigatins t gather data and analyse the change in mmentum during cllisins by carrying ut the planned prcedure, recgnising where and when mdificatins are needed and analysing the effect f these adjustments (12.1a) identifying and using safe wrk practices during investigatins (12.1d) using symbls and frmulae t express relatinships and using apprpriate units fr physical quantities (13.1d) using a variety f pictrial representatins t shw relatinships and present infrmatin clearly and succinctly (13.1e) selecting and drawing apprpriate graphs t cnvey infrmatin and relatinships clearly and accurately (13.1f) justify inferences and cnclusins (14.1b) identify and explain hw data supprts r refutes an hypthesis, a predictin r a prpsed slutin t a prblem (14.1c) predict utcmes and generate plausible explanatins related t the bservatins (14.1d) make and justify generalisatins (14.1e) Suggested Time: 2 hurs Write ut Newtn s Third Law f Mtin. Draw a series f diagrams illustrating Newtn s Third Law. (lit, num) Write a definitin fr mmentum in bth wrds and frmula. State the crrect units fr mmentum. Write a definitin fr impulse in bth wrds and frmula. Cmplete wrksheets n bth mmentum and impulse. Write an explanatin shwing why mmentum is cnserved during a cllisin. (lit) T1-T9 P1-P2 W1-W14 V1-V5

15 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 15 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces slve prblems that apply the principle f cnservatin f mmentum t qualitatively and quantitatively describe the cllisin f a mving vehicle with: a statinary vehicle an immvable bject. anther vehicle mving in the ppsite directin anther vehicle mving in the same directin by identify trends, patterns and relatinships as well as cntradictins in data and infrmatin (14.1a) identify and explain hw data supprts r refutes an hypthesis, a predictin r a prpsed slutin t a prblem (14.1c) use mdels, including mathematical nes, t explain phenmena and/r make predictins (14.1f) design and prduce creative slutins t prblems (14.3a) prpse ideas that demnstrate cherence and lgical prgressin and include crrect use f scientific principles and ideas (14.3b) apply critical thinking in the cnsideratin f predictins, hyptheses and the results f investigatins (14.3c) Frmulate cause and effect relatinships (14.3d) 5. Safety devices are utilised t reduce the effects f changing P6 describes the frces acting n an bject which cause changes in its mtin P7 describes the effects f energy transfers and energy transfrmatins mmentum define the inertia f a vehicle as its tendency t remain in unifrm mtin r at rest discuss reasns why Newtn s First Law f Mtin is nt apparent in many real wrld situatins Suggested Time: 1 hur Write a definitin fr inertia. Write Newtn s First Law. Students wrk in small grups t list examples f Newtn s First Law Explain the relatinship between Newtn s First Law and inertia. Students brainstrm reasns why Newtn s First Law is nt apparent in nrmal everyday situatins. Students suggest instances in which Newtn s First Law culd be seen r clsely apprximated t. Students research and write a definitin fr frictin. Students wrk in small grups t prepare a table listing, a) pssible examples f frictin between surfaces in the peratin f a car and b) examples f air resistance which affect the peratin f a car. Fr each example list the psitive and negative effects. (lit, ESL) T1-T9 P1-P2 W1-W14 V1-V5

16 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces evaluate the effectiveness f sme safety feature f mtr vehicles. Suggested Time: 4 hurs T1-T9 assess the reasns fr the intrductin f lw speed znes and in built up Brainstrm sme f the safety features present in P1-P2 mdern cars and rad design which have made W1-W14 areas and the additin f air bags and crumple znes t vehicles with travel safer. (SOS, G & T, lit) V1-V5 respect t the cncepts f impulse and mmentum. Students shuld wrk in small grups t research identify data surces, plan, chse equipment r resurces fr, and the reasns fr the intrductin and use f lw gather and prcess first-hand data and/r secndary infrmatin and speed znes, crumple znes and bull bars. Frm analyse infrmatin abut the ptential danger presented by lse their findings students shuld assess whether the reasns fr using these safety features were valid bjects in a vehicle by P3 assesses the impact f particular technlgical advances n understanding in physics P4 describes applicatins f physics which affect sciety r the envirnment P6 describes the frces acting n an bject which cause changes in its mtin P11 identifies and implements imprvements t investigatin plans (P11.2a, b, c; P11.3a, b, c, d) P14 draws valid cnclusins frm gathered data and infrmatin (P14.3a, b, c) demnstrate the use f the terms dependent and independent t describe variables invlved in the investigatin (11.2a) identify variables that needed t be kept cnstant, develp strategies t ensure that these variables are kept cnstant, and demnstrate the use f a cntrl (11.2b) design investigatins that allw valid and reliable data and infrmatin t be cllected (11.2c) describe and trial prcedures t undertake investigatins and explain why a prcedure, a sequence f prcedures r the repetitin f prcedures is apprpriate (11.2d) predict pssible issues that may arise during the curse f an investigatin and identify strategies t address these issues if necessary (11.2e) identifying and/r setting up the mst apprpriate equipment r cmbinatin f equipment needed t undertake the investigatin (11.3a) carrying ut a risk assessment f intended experimental prcedures and identifying and addressing ptential hazards (11.3b) identifying technlgy that wuld be used during investigatin determining its suitability and effectiveness fr its ptential rle in the prcedure r investigatin (11.3c) carrying ut the planned prcedure, recgnising where and when mdificatins are needed and analysing the effect f these adjustments (12.1a) identifying and using safe wrk practices during investigatins (12.1d) in all cnditins. (SOS, lit) Students design their wn investigatin by (G & T, lit, num) identifying the dependent and independent variables selecting apprpriate equipment setting up equipment cllecting apprpriate data. Identify any changes needed fr the methd implement the changes. Students are t wrk in grups t cllect infrmatin available frm a variety f surces t assess the functin f inertia reel safety belts. Students are t wrk in small grups t research infrmatin n the effectiveness f lap, lap sash and harness safety belts. Students shuld wrk in small grups t brainstrm a list f all the safety features built int mdern cars. These features shuld be researched and listed in a table, a brief explanatin f the physics behind each feature shuld be prvided in the table. The students shuld develp a methd f ranking the effectiveness f each safety feature. The students shuld wrk in small grups t present the findings frm the activity listed abve t the class. Class plar debate: It is the drivers respnsibility t ensure that all passengers are wearing their seat belt crrectly (SOS)

17 Dmremy Prgram Stage 6 Physics 8.4 Mving Abut Prgram Updated August 2007 Page 17 Outcmes Students Learn: Reg. Teaching / Learning Strategies Resurces identify data surces, gather, prcess, analyse, present secndary infrmatin and use the available evidence t assess benefits f technlgies fr aviding r reducing the effect f a cllisin by accessing infrmatin frm a range f resurces, including ppular scientific jurnals, digital technlgies and the Internet (12.3a) extracting infrmatin frm numerical data in graphs and tables as well as written and spken material in all its frms (12.3c) summarising and cllating infrmatin frm a range f resurces (12.3d) identifying practising male and female Australian scientists, and the areas in which they are currently wrking and in frmatin abut their research (12.3e) identify and apply apprpriate mathematical frmulae and cncepts (12.4b) evaluate the validity f first-hand and secndary infrmatin and data in relatin t the area f investigatin (12.4d) assess the reliability f first-hand and secndary infrmatin and data by cnsidering infrmatin frm varius surces (12.4e) assess the accuracy f scientific infrmatin presented in mass media by cmparisn with similar infrmatin presented in scientific jurnals (12.4f) selecting and using apprpriate methds t acknwledge surces f infrmatin (13.1c)

18 Prgram Evaluatin Sheet Prgram: 8.4 Mving Abut Stage/Curse: Physics Please cmment where apprpriate n the strengths and weaknesses f this Prgram. Factrs that shuld be cnsidered include: 1. Time allcatin: 2. PFAs: 3. Dmains: Knwledge and Understanding: Dmains: Skills: 4. Cntext: 5. Crss-curricular activities are apprpriate (Stage 4/5 nly) 6. Lessn sequence is apprpriate: 7. Teaching strategies: 8. Imprvements: 9. Assessment: Please use the ther side f this sheet fr any further cmment