FUNDAMENTALS OF SEISMIC EXPLORATION FOR HYDROCARBON

Transcription

1 FUNDAMENTALS OF SEISMIC EXPLORATION FOR HYDROCARBON Instructor : Kumar Ramachandran July 2017 Jakarta The course is aimed at teaching the physical concepts involved in the application of seismic methods to petroleum exploration. At the outset, the course introduces briefly the basics of hydrocarbon exploration in a regional setup including gravity, magnetic and refraction surveying. The next stage of the course focuses on seismic wave propagation, ray theory, attenuation and other propagation mechanisms associated with wave propagation. These principles are employed in the next section for developing an understanding of field data acquisition and processing in land and marine environments. The subsequent section on seismic interpretation is focused on introducing the method of translating the observed seismic sections to geological information critical to hydrocarbon exploration. The next stage of the course focuses on prestack data analysis for AVO studies. Prestack and poststack inversion are discussed in the next unit to derive quantitative information relating to the reservoir. Application of seismic attribute analysis for structure/stratigraphic mapping and reservoir characterization are discussed in the next unit along with Spectral Decom= position methods for thin bed mapping. Every day there will be exercises on computer/laptop to be brought by participants. Recommended Participant Level: Entry Level Geologist, Geophysicist, Reservoir engineer, Petroleum Engineer. Those who have introduction to basic geology with college physics and math background, and with some experience in geoscience field in Industry.

2 Day 1 Introduction o Exploration for Hydrocarbons The Big Picture o Reconnaissance Survey for Regional mapping Refraction, Gravity, Magnetic o Gravity & Magnetic Method for Basement Mapping o Regional Seismic Reflection Survey o Exploration Objectives Seismic Method: Physical Principles o Stress, Strain, Particle Velocity and Wave Velocity o Wave Equation o Wave Propagation, Compressional, and Shear Wave o Surface Waves Raleigh Wave, Love Wave o Refraction, Reflection, and Diffraction o Travel-time plots o Multiples o Reflection From Multiple Interfaces o Reflection Time Zero Offset, Non-Zero Offset o Velocity and Density o Impedance and Impedance Contrast o Reflection Strength from Interfaces o Reflection Polarity & Character o Effects of Medium on Wave Propagation o Spherical Spreading, o Absorption o Partitioning of energy at an interface, Zoeppritz s equations

3 Day 2 Seismic Signal o Waveform - Amplitude, Power, Energy o Amplitude Spectra, Phase Spectra o Wavelet Phase: Minimum Phase, Maximum Phase, Zero Phase o Auto-correlation, Cross-correlation, and Convolution o Signal Sampling: Nyquist Frequency o Synthetic Seismogram Seismic Data Acquisition o Seismic Source Characteristics o Land Data Acquisition o Marine Data Acquisition Concept of Common Depth Point Shooting, Multiplicity Horizontal Reflector, Normal Move Out Ground Roll Suppression and Geophone Arrays Seismic Resolution: Horizontal and Vertical Seismic Data Processing o Practical Seismic Data Processing: Pre-Stack and Post-Stack Pre Processing o Geometry, Quality Control o Editing Muting, Sorting o Gain Adjustment Prestack Processing o Filtering: Band Pass, FK Filtering o Deconvolution, Spiking and Predictive Deconvolution, o Stacking Velocity Analysis, Residual Statics o Stacking Post Stack Processing : Deconvolution, Filtering, Migration

4 Day 3 Seismic Data Interpretation Generation of hydrocarbons and migration; Types of traps Seismic Measurements and Geology Seismic Velocities Density, Compressional and Shear Wave Velocity and Geology Fundamental Geophysical Assumptions Collecting and examining data 3D Seismic Data Interpretation Picking Reflections, Mapping reflection horizons Integrating Well data into interpretation Recognizing Lithology Clays and silts; clastics, carbonates, salt, basement, igneous and volcanic rocks Reflections associated with hydrocarbon and diagentic effects Seismic Expression of Structural Features Faults, Folds, Reefs, Unconformities, Channels Seismic Expression of Stratigraphic Traps Contouring and Mapping Principles and Method Grid contouring, computer contouring, isopachs Contouring Pitfalls Day 4 Quantitative Geophysical Interpretation Amplitude Variation With Offset (AVO) Partitioning of Energy at an interface Rock Physics, Fluid substitution Rock Physics and Lithology AVO Cross Plotting AVO Modeling / Inversion

5 Seismic Inversion Seismic Amplitudes Recursive Inversion Sparse Spike Inversion Travel-time Inversion Elastic Impedance Inversion Day 5 Spectral Decomposition Seismic Attributes Mapping Structure Seismic Attributes Mapping Stratigraphy Seismic Attributes and Reservoir Characterization Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators 4-D Seismics, Reservoir Monitoring Pitfalls in Seismic Interpretation ABOUT THE INSTRUCTOR Kumar Ramachandran is an Associate Professor of Geophysics at the University of Tulsa. He worked with Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), India for seventeen years before moving to academics in During his career with ONGC he worked with seismic, gravity and magnetic data acquisition, processing and interpretation aspects of hydrocarbon exploration in sedimentary basins in North India. Later he worked with Geological Survey of Canada and Queens University, Canada before joining University of Tulsa. He has a Master of Science Technology (Applied Geophysics) and Master of Technology (Petroleum Exploration) degrees from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India, and a PhD in Geophysics from University of Victoria, Canada. His research and teaching interests are in detailing subsurface physical properties using geophysical methods for identification of hydrocarbon, water, mineral and coal resources. His current work in petroleum related research is focused on imaging reservoir properties through quantitative geophysics and artificial intelligence methods. He teaches industry courses at U.S.A., Mexico, Venezuela, Algeria, Turkey and India. ENROLLMENT In order to allow sufficient time for arranging travel plans, early enrollment is recommended. Registration will be closed on 2 June Late enrollment may result in course cancellation.

6 CANCELLATION, SUBSTITUTION & REFUND The tuition fee will be refunded (less US$ 100 registration fee) only if notification of cancellation is received at least 10 days prior to the commencement. Non payment of tuition fee does not constitute automatic cancellation of participation. Substitution may be made at any time for those enrolled. CERTIFICATE A certificate of participation will be awarded to each person completing the course. TUITION FEE Tuition fee at Rp. 37,000,000 + VAT per delegate (the tuition fee will be adjusted based on the prevailing rate) is due and payable upon confirmation of enrollment. The fee is excluded accommodation. Payment should be settled at the latest on 2 June Any bank charges connected with payment in Rupiah must be added to tuition fee payment. Tuition fee includes admittance to the course, course materials, daily refreshments and full lunch. Payment can be made to PT.GEOSERVICES Bank Mandiri KC Jakarta Kebon Sirih Jl. Tanah Abang Timur No. 1 2, Jakarta Account No: (IDR)