Chapter 14. The History of the Earth and the Beginning of Life
|
|
- Gerald Samuel Patrick
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 14 The History of the Earth and the Beginning of Life
2 Hypothesis of early Earth Very hot surface from colliding meteorites Very hot planet core from radioactive materials Volcanoes spewing lava and gases that helped to form the early atmosphere
3 Hypothesis of early Earth About 4.4 billion years ago, Earth might have cooled enough for the water in its atmosphere to condense. This might have led to millions of years of rainstorms with lightning, enough rain to fill depressions that became Earth s oceans. The oldest rocks dated are 3.9 million years old.
4 Spontaneous Generation
5 Theory of Biogenesis
6 Miller-Urey experiment showed one possible way for inorganic molecules to form organic molecules. Mixture of gases simulating atmospheres of early Earth Spark simulating lightning storms Condensation chamber Water vapor Cold water cools chamber, causing droplets to form Liquid containing amino acids and other organic compounds
7 Age of Archaebacteria - more ancient than bacteria
8 Age of the Bacteria Prokaryotes dominated the Earth for most of its history. Multicellular eukaryotes are less than 1 billion years old. Oldest traces of life: billion years old. Very few rocks available of this age or older. Bacteria can live under a much wider variety of conditions than eukaryotes. They use many different sources of energy and carbon, and they can grew at very high temperatures, high pressures, acidic conditions, etc.
9 Precambrian 87% of history Oldest fossils resembling cyanobacteria in stromatolites. Stromatolites still form today in Australia from mats of cyanobacteria. The stromatolites are evidence of the existence of photosynthetic organisms on Earth during the Precambrian. Only prokaryotic life found in fossil record
10 The Onset of Oxygen The atmosphere of the primitive Earth was probably like that of Mars today: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, but no free oxygen. Oxygen comes from photosynthesis, specifically, where electrons are extracted from water with the aid of sunlight. The electrons take hydrogen with them, leaving oxygen gas. Cyanobacteria created the oxygen in the atmosphere. About 2 billion years ago, the oxygen level in the atmosphere started to rise. We can detect this geologically: layers of iron oxide on the bottoms of oceans stopped forming when oxygen appeared. Aerobic metabolism, much more efficient than anaerobic, became possible.
11 Rise of the Eukaryotes Starting with the appearance of an oxygen atmosphere about 2 billion years ago, was dominated by small, soft-bodied eukaryotes. Some were unicellular, others multicellular. Bacteria were still very common, and continue to the present. Eukaryotic fossil cells are identified by their size and surface appearance they look like present day cells. Endosymbiont hypothesis: mitochondria were once free-living bacteria that developed an intracellular symbiosis with a primitive eukaryote. Chloroplasts: another endosymbiont, of a cyanobacteria. Found in plants and algae. and ending with the Cambrian Explosion about 550 million years ago,
12 Endosymbiotic theory Heterotrophic bacteria have plasmids (DNA loop) & simple ribosomes in their cytoplasm Mitochondria have circular DNA & bacteria-like ribosomes So Eukaryotic cells may have engulfed prokaryotic cells & by mutualism created the first mitochondria.
13 How eukaryotic cells evolved Chloroplast Aerobic bacteria Ancient Prokaryotes Nuclear envelope evolving Photosynthetic bacteria Mitochondrion Plants and plantlike protists Primitive Photosynthetic Eukaryote Ancient Anaerobic Prokaryote Primitive Aerobic Eukaryote Animals, fungi, and non-plantlike protists
14 Autotrophic bacteria are Cyanobacteria with chlorophyll So, Eukaryotic cells may have engulfed prokaryotic cyanobacteria & by mutualism created the first chloroplast.
15 Heterotrophic symbiosis = symbiont produces ATP, host uses ATP, host protects symbiont Autotrophic symbiosis = symbiont produces sugar, host uses sugar, host protects symbiont Relationships may allow host to live longer & reproduce more, thus over time creating more complex eukaryotic cells
16 Our Story So Far We have come 5/6 of the way through the history of the Earth. Earth forms 4.6 billion years ago Solid surface forms 4 billion years ago Life starts (?) 3.8 billion years ago Age of Bacteria Oxygen atmosphere develops 2 billion years ago. Eukaryotes develop. First multicellular life 650 million years ago.
17
18 The Cambrian Explosion About 550 million years ago, there is a sudden appearance of large numbers of multicellular organisms in the fossil record. Rocks older than this appear devoid of fossils (because they are too small to see, and because the multicellular organisms didn t have hard parts to preserve. This sudden appearance of fossils is called the Cambrian explosion. Most of the higher level taxa present today appeared at this time. Cause: a matter of speculation. Most certainly represents a mass extinction.
19 One prominent type: trilobites, which are extinct ancestors to the crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and insects). Another: nautiloids: molluscs with straight shells that later curled into the nautilus. Cambrian Life
20 Summary of major events (pg. 397) Era Period Time (millions of years ago) Key Events Cenozoic Quaternary 1.8 present Glaciations; mammals increased; humans Tertiary Mammals diversified; grasses Mesozoic Cretaceous Aquatic reptiles diversified; flowering plants; mass extinction Jurassic Dinosaurs diversified; birds Triassic Dinosaurs; small mammals; cone-bearing plants Paleozoic Permian Reptiles diversified; seed plants; mass extinction Carboniferous Reptiles; winged insects diversified; coal swamps Devonian Fishes diversified; land vertebrates (primitive amphibians) Silurian Land plants; land animals (arthropods) Ordovician Aquatic arthropods; mollusks; vertebrates (jawless fishes) Precambrian Time Cambrian Marine invertebrates diversified; most animal phyla evolved Anaerobic, then photosynthetic prokaryotes; eukaryotes, then multicellular life
21
22 HOW DO WE KNOW THIS STUFF???
23 The Fossil Record Provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different groups of organisms, including species, have changed over time.
24 Categories of fossil types (393) mold cast imprint hollow impression of a living thing in rock solid mineral deposit that filled a mold, leaving a copy of the living thing an impression in rock made by a living thing during its life activities petrification whole animal plant or animal tissue replaced by minerals an entire plant or animal encased and preserved in ice, sap, or another material
25 How fossils are formed Water carries small rock particles to lakes and seas. Dead organisms are buried by layers of sediment, which forms new rock. The preserved remains may later be discovered and studied.
26 Principle of Superposition In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom with the most recent on top.
27
28 Relative vs. Absolute Dating Comparing Relative and Absolute Dating of Fossils Can determine Is performed by Drawbacks Relative Dating Age of fossil with respect to another rock or fossil (that is, older or younger) Comparing depth of a fossil s source stratum to the position of a reference fossil or rock Imprecision and limitations of age data Absolute Dating (radiometric) Age of a fossil in years Determining the relative amounts of a radioactive isotope and nonradioactive isotope in a specimen Difficulty of radioassay laboratory methods
29 Radiometric Dating
30 What has been learned from fossils Paleontologists estimate that about 95% species are extinct from life s origins. Climate and ancient geography can be determined from fossils. Several episodes of mass extinction that fall between time divisions mass extinction: an event that occurs when many organisms disappear from the fossil record almost at once The existence of a unified landmass called Pangea
31 Continental drift Earth s continents have moved during Earth s history and are still moving today at a rate of about six centimeters per year. The theory for how the continents move is called plate tectonics.
32 Other Evidence From Fossils Homologous Structures
33
34 Embryological Evidence
35 2 Types of Evolution Microevolution Small scale Macroevolution Large scale To understand this better, you must know what a species is: One group of interbreeding organisms found in one place at one time.
36 Microevolution Small scale evolution occurring over a relatively short period of time = changes within one population Includes 4 topics Mutation Selection Gene Pool Genetic Drift
37 Macroevolution Large-scale evolutionary patterns and processes that occur over long periods of time = speciation (making a new species) Includes 6 topics: Extinction Adaptive radiation Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Punctuated equilibrium Changes in developmental genes
38 Darwin believed that organisms evolved gradually. (gradualism) Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould believed punctuated equilibrium is how organisms evolved, periods of rapid evolution followed by periods of stasis. BOTH REPRESENT DIVERGENT EVOLUTOIN Patterns of evolution
39 Convergent Evolution Adaptive radiation can produce unrelated organisms that look similar due to similar environments.
40 Adaptive Radiation Single species or small groups of species evolved into diverse forms living in different ways.
41 Coevolution The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each, other over time. ecologyf02 Example: This butterfly acquires a cardiac glycoside from members of the genus Asclepias. Because of their milky sap, these are commonly referred to as milkweed plants. The plants produce this toxin as a defense against herbivory, but the Monarch has the ability to sequester the toxin in fatty tissues so that it makes the butterfly unpalatable while not poisoning the butterfly.
Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? What
More informationThe History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17
Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time scale that is used
More informationName Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle.
Chapter 17 The History of Life Chapter Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Across 2. time span shorter than an era, such as Quaternary
More informationSection 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Name Class Date Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time
More informationChapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Name Class Date Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages 417-422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils?
More informationI. History of Life on Earth
Evolution I. History of Life on Earth I. History of Life A. Early History of Earth I. Early earth was inhospitable hot, with many volcanoes little free oxygen and lots of carbon dioxide other gases present:
More informationSummary The Fossil Record Earth s Early History. Name Class Date
Name Class Date Chapter 17 Summary The History of Life 17 1 The Fossil Record Fossils are preserved traces and remains of ancient life. Scientists who study fossils are called paleontologists. They use
More informationCHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti
CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE Dr. Bertolotti Essential Question: HOW DO FOSSILS HELP BIOLOGISTS UNDERSTAND THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH? WHAT DO FOSSILS REVEAL ABOUT ANCIENT LIFE? FOSSILS AND ANCIENT
More informationStudy Guide. Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change CHAPTER 14
Name Date Class Study Guide CHAPTER 14 Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change In your textbook, read about Earth s early history. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. Solid Earth formed about
More informationOutline. Origin and History of Life
Origin and History of Life Chapter 19 Primitive Earth Origin of First Cells Fossils The Precambrian The Paleozoic The Mesozoic The Cenozoic Continental Drift Mass Extinctions Outline 1 2 The Primitive
More informationChapter 14 The History of Life
Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change Section 2: The Origin of Life Click on a lesson name to select. 14.1 Fossil Evidence of Change Land Environments Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Gravity pulled
More information17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40
1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes
More information17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40
2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about
More informationChapter 19. History of Life on Earth
Chapter 19 History of Life on Earth Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Chapter 19 Section 3: Evolution of Life Key Vocabulary Terms Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic prokaryotes Adapted
More informationFossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013
Fossils Biology 2 Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a group of organisms over time. Causes: Natural Selection Artificial Selection Genetic Engineering Genetic Drift Hybridization Mutation
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 36. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 36 2 of 36 Formation of Earth Formation of Earth Hypotheses about Earth s early history are based on a relatively small amount of evidence. Gaps and uncertainties make it likely that scientific
More informationFossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time.
Section 1: Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the similarities and differences between
More informationRevision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11
Revision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most fossils are found in rusty water. volcanic rock. sedimentary
More informationFossils. Name Date Class. A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary
Name Date Class A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary Fossils Guide for Reading How do fossils form? What are the different kinds of fossils? What does the fossil record tell about organisms and
More informationEarth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras
The Earth is 4.6 billion years old! Earth History Mrs. Burkey ESS Cy Creek HS 17-18 If the Earth formed at midnight 6:00 am First life appears 10:00 pm First animals/plants on land 11:59 pm First humans
More informationOrigin of Life. What is Life? The evolutionary tree of life can be documented with evidence. The Origin of Life on Earth is another
sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Origin of Life 500 Paleozoic 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago 1000 PROTEROZOIC Cenozoic Mesozoic 4000
More informationThe History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn
14 The History of Life section 1 Fossil Evidence of Change Before You Read Throughout Earth s history, many species have become extinct. On the lines below, name some organisms that have become extinct.
More informationThe History of Life. Before You Read. Science Journal
The History of Life Before You Read Use the What I Know column to list the things you know about the history of life. Then list the questions you have about the history of life in the What I Want to Find
More informationFirst, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon
HISTORY OF LIFE WRITTEN IN THE ROCKS (geological record): notice how at first no life, very simple if for billions of years, complex life only recently 600 mya In these chapters, two primary themes: History
More informationFossils & The Geologic Time Scale
Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils Preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past. Fossils are formed when organisms die and are buried in sediment. Eventually the sediment builds
More informationHow do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes.
Unit 1B Lesson 4 History of Life on Earth How do we learn about ancient life? Paleontologists scientists that studies fossils Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological
More informationUNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity
UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity CHAPTER 14: The History of Life PAST NOW FUTURE? What is this? Earth s Early history Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the Earth was formed when many pieces of
More information2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale
CHAPTER 8 2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale SECTION The History of Life on Earth BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What kinds of organisms evolved
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different
More informationHistory of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale
History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale Agenda or Summary Layout The Geological Time-Scale 1 2 3 The Geological Time-Scale The Beginning of Life Cambrian Explosion The Geological Time-Scale
More informationChapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth
Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth Chemical conditions of the early Earth A model for the first cells First life Life changes the planet: oxygenating Earth s oceans and atmosphere
More informationModule 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes
The geologic time scale holds secrets to the life that has existed on Earth since the beginning of time. It is time for you to take a journey through the history of Earth. 1 Click on each of the segments
More information12.1. KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. 68 Reinforcement Unit 4 Resource Book
12.1 THE FOSSIL RECORD KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. Fossils can form in several different ways: Permineralization occurs when water surrounds a hard structure such
More informationOrigins of Life and Extinction
Origins of Life and Extinction What is evolution? What is evolution? The change in the genetic makeup of a population over time Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth Natural selection is
More informationsparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Origin of Life
sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Origin of Life 2010-2011 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago PRECAMBRIAN PROTEROZOIC 0 500 1000 Cenozoic Mesozoic Paleozoic Colonization
More informationEvolution and diversity of organisms
Evolution and diversity of organisms Competency Levels - 7 3.1.1 Uses the theories of origin of life and natural selection to analyze the process of evolution of life 3.2.1 Constructs hierarchy of taxa
More information4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth.
Objectives 4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. 5) Describe the types of organisms that arose during the four major divisions of the geologic time scale. Each layer of
More informationsparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20)
sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20) 2007-2008 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago PRECAMBRIAN PROTEROZOIC 0 500 1000 Cenozoic
More informationOrigins of Life. Fundamental Properties of Life. The Tree of Life. Chapter 26
Origins of Life The Tree of Life Cell is the basic unit of life Today all cells come from pre-existing cells Earth formed ~4.5 billion years ago (BYA) Chapter 26 As it cooled, chemically-rich oceans were
More informationSpring th Grade
Spring 2015 8 th Grade The geologic time scale is a record of the major events and diversity of life forms present in Earth s history. The geologic time scale began when Earth was formed and goes on until
More informationChapter 17 History of Life
Chapter 17 History of Life What You ll Learn You will examine how rocks and fossils provide evidence of changes in Earth s organisms. You will correlate the geologic time scale with biological events.
More information.Biology Chapter 14 Test: The History of Life
Class: Date:.Biology Chapter 14 Test: The History of Life True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. On the geologic time scale, an eon is longer than an era. 2. The oblong shape of
More informationVisualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. The Ever-Changing Earth. Early Life. Evolution and the Fossil Record. Life in the Phanerozoic Eon
Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 11 A Brief History of Life on Earth Chapter Overview The Ever-Changing Earth Early Life Evolution and the Fossil Record Life in the Phanerozoic
More informationUNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 12: The History of Life. I. The Fossil Record (12.1) A. Fossils can form in several ways
UNIT IV Chapter 12 The History Of Life UNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 12: The History of Life I. The Fossil Record (12.1) A. Fossils can form in several ways 1. Permineralization- minerals carried by water
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era EVOLUTION. beginning of life is called. to. PRECAMBRIAN TIME.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era 1. Where is the geologic history of Earth recorded? 2. What kind of information can scientists get from the types of rock
More informationThe history of Life Section 19.1: The fossil record
The history of Life Section 19.1: The fossil record Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils provide information about extinct species Fossils can vary greatly Different sizes, types and degrees of preservation
More informationChapters 25 and 26. Searching for Homology. Phylogeny
Chapters 25 and 26 The Origin of Life as we know it. Phylogeny traces evolutionary history of taxa Systematics- analyzes relationships (modern and past) of organisms Figure 25.1 A gallery of fossils The
More informationEarth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era
Earth s History Video Clip Earth s History Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Scientists have put together a timeline of Earth s history
More informationPhylogeny & Systematics
Phylogeny & Systematics Phylogeny & Systematics An unexpected family tree. What are the evolutionary relationships among a human, a mushroom, and a tulip? Molecular systematics has revealed that despite
More informationGeologic Time Test Study Guide
Geologic Time Test Study Guide Chapter 12 Section 1 The Earth s Story and Those Who First Listened 1. What is the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism? Uniformitarianism: the same geologic
More informationAdv. Biology: Evolution Study Guide
Adv. Biology: Evolution Study Guide Section 14.2 (Pages 9 15) Spontaneous generation the idea that life arises from non-life (nowhere). Francesco Redi and his experiment An Italian scientist that tested
More information9.1- Earth Forms and Life Begins
9.1- Earth Forms and Life Begins About Earth: Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago! The first life on earth appeared about 4 billion years ago Life started out as small, single-celled organisms
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationHISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH
HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH EARTH S HISTORY Earth s age: - about 4.6 billion years old (big bang) First life forms appeared ~3.5 billion years ago How did life arise? 1. Small organic molecules were synthesized
More informationPTYS 214 Spring Announcements Midterm #4: two weeks from today!
PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Midterm #4: two weeks from today! 1 Previously Radiometric Dating Compare parent / daughter to determine # of half lives 14C, 40K, 238U, 232Th, 87Ru Evidence for Early
More informationAbsolute Age - Radioactive Decay. Absolute Age - Isotopes. Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay
GEOL 100 (Planet Earth) #12 - Earth s Clock Geologic Time - Absolute Age Absolute Age = age of rock (or geologic event) in years. Need constant process as well as record of process; constant process in
More informationDate: Period: Evolution Review
Biology Name: Date: Period: Evolution Review History of Evolutionary Thought 1735- Carl Linnaeus Published the first edition of his classification of living things, the Systema Naturae 1785- James Hutton
More informationFOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past
FOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past Fossils form when water replaces the cells of dead animals or plants with minerals. These minerals then petrify into rock to form the fossils we see in museums.
More informationMACROEVOLUTION Student Packet SUMMARY EVOLUTION IS A CHANGE IN THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF A POPULATION OVER TIME Macroevolution refers to large-scale
MACROEVOLUTION Student Packet SUMMARY EVOLUTION IS A CHANGE IN THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF A POPULATION OVER TIME Macroevolution refers to large-scale evolutionary changes such as speciation events, origin of
More informationEras of Earth's History Lesson 6
Eras of Earth's History Lesson 6 May 24 8:42 PM What happened in the Paleozoic Era? What happened in the Mesozoic Era? What happened in the Cenozoic Era? May 24 8:55 PM 1 I. What happened in the Paleozoic
More informationEarth s s Geologic History
The Earth s s Geologic History and The Earth s s Interior Earth s s Geologic History Geologic timescale Divides Earth s s history into relative time periods Relative dating based on: (apply for entire
More informationEarth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
More informationBeaming in your answers
Bio 112 Handout for Evolution 8 This handout contains: Today s iclicker Questions Handouts for today s lecture iclicker Question #5A - before lecture Consider the hypothetical creatures on the last page
More informationBio 2 Plant and Animal Biology
Bio 2 Plant and Animal Biology Evolution Evolution as the explanation for life s unity and diversity Darwinian Revolution Two main Points Descent with Modification Natural Selection Biological Species
More informationWhat is the Earth s time scale?
Earth History What is the Earth s time scale? The Geological time scale is a record of the life forms and geological events in Earth s history. Scientists developed the time scale by fossils world wide.
More informationSection 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Name Class Date Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages 417-422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? What are the main
More informationText Readings. Chapter # 17 in Audesirk, Audesirk and Byers: The History of Life Pg. # Geologic Time...
Text Readings Chapter # 17 in Audesirk, Audesirk and Byers: The History of Life Pg. # 332-145. Geologic Time........ Geological Sources - 4.5 Billion Years Atmospheric Gases: Nitrogen (N 2 ) Water Vapor
More informationEvolution Problem Drill 09: The Tree of Life
Evolution Problem Drill 09: The Tree of Life Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. The age of the Earth is estimated to be about 4.0 to 4.5 billion years old. All of the following methods may be used to estimate
More informationThe Environment and Change Over Time
The Environment and Change Over Time Fossil Evidence of Evolution What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if
More informationHistory of Life on Earth
Macroevolution Broad pattern of evolution at and above the species level (in contrast to microevolution) History of Life on Earth Chapter 25 Early earth Miller and Urey Experiments ~4.5 billion years old
More informationThe Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck)
The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck) The fossil record indicates the evolutionary history of life. Many events together, including: continental drift, changes in
More informationGeologic Time and Life in the Oceans. Oceans and Life. How Old is Earth? The Solar System? Oceans are the birthplace of life.
Geologic Time and Life in the Oceans Oceans and Life Oceans are the birthplace of life. Life metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli Metabolism use of energy stored in ambient chemicals Reproduction
More informationGEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD
GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD NAME Multiple Choice 1. Fossils are most commonly found in A. sedimentary rocks. B. metamorphic rocks. C. igneous rocks. D. all kinds of rocks.
More information1 The origin of life (pp )
ST chapter only Checkup Chapter 10 1 The origin of life (pp. 300 305) 1. Earth took millions of years to form. a) Where did the matter that formed our planet come from? From a cloud of gas and dust that
More informationGeologic Time. What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.
Geologic Time There are 2 kinds: What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.) Relative Age The age compared to the ages of other
More information1. What is the definition of uniformitarianism? 2. What is the definition of organic? 4. What is the definition of inorganic?
Earth Science Unit 3- History of the Earth Knowledge Packet Learning Target 3B: Have you ever thought about the history of the Earth? No, well you should have because it s pretty cool. Things like mountain
More information11/5/2015. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. The Geologic Time Scale
GEOL 110: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY Why is the Geologic Time Scale important? Rocks record geologic and evolutionary changes throughout Earth s history Without a time perspective, events have little meaning Chapter
More information2/5/17. #7 Geologic Time #7 Geologic Time
#7 #7 = all of time since Earth formed (4.6 billion years ago, b.y.a.). Geologists study rocks, fossils, geologic structures (faults, folds) to characterize Earth's history. Natural disasters involve present-day.
More informationEARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its:
EARTH S HISTORY 1 What is Geology? Geo: earth logy: science Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: composition, structure, and physical properties. 2 1 Geologists study: the origin
More information3. Evolutionary change is random because gene mutations are random. A. True B. False
Clicker Questions, Test 2 February 9, 2015, Outline 7 1. Darwin coined the term Natural Selection to contrast with what other term? A. Evolutionary Selection B. Competition C. Artificial Selection D. Survival
More informationTopic 7: Historical Geology
Topic 7: Historical Geology (ES. 8 b, 9 a-e, 10 a-d, 12 a, b, e) ES.8 The student will investigate and understand geologic processes including plate tectonics. Key concepts include: b) processes (faulting,
More informationBiology 3201 Unit 4 Ecology Ch Adaptation and Speciation
Biology 3201 Unit 4 Ecology Ch. 21 - Adaptation and Speciation Speciation Speciation: the formation of a new species Biological species: a group of organisms able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
More informationEvolution. Formation of EARTH. First cells by endosymbiosis. The Scientists. Lamarck Darwin. Change Over Time
Evolution Change Over Time Evolution Definition: A change in a population of a species over time Organisms evolve to adapt better to their environment According to Evolution, all living things (organisms)
More informationName Date EARTH S HISTORY VOCABULARY
Name Date EARTH S HISTORY VOCABULARY Use Figure 2 to answer the following two questions. 10. Interpreting Graphics Which is older the sandstone layer or Dike A? Explain your answer. Conglomerate Sandstone
More informationEarth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago
Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago Formed from interstellar gas & dust into molten planet Earth s early atmosphere was hostile, made of carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur,
More informationPage 143: Geologic Time
Page 143: Geologic Time Divide pages 144-147 in 6 One for each box: Hadeon Eon Archeon Eon Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Mississipian Period Pennsylvanian
More informationCh. 16 Evolution of Populations
Ch. 16 Evolution of Populations Gene pool the combined genetic information of all the members of a population. There are typically 2 or more alleles for a certain trait. (dominant or recessive) Allele
More informationChapter 1: Life on Earth R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S
Chapter 1: Life on Earth R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S Chapter 1: Review Name three characteristics that define something as Alive. Chapter 1: Review Name three characteristics that define something as
More informationUNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 12: The History of Life
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationCycles in the Phanerozoic
Cycles in the Phanerozoic Evolutionary trends: extinctions, adaptive radiations, diversity over time Glaciations Sea level change Ocean chemistry Atmospheric CO 2 biosphere Mass extinctions in the..you
More informationB. Phylogeny and Systematics:
Tracing Phylogeny A. Fossils: Some fossils form as is weathered and eroded from the land and carried by rivers to seas and where the particles settle to the bottom. Deposits pile up and the older sediments
More informationChapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Chapter Wrap-Up Geologic Time Ancient Earth The Cambrian Explosion How have natural events changed Earth over time? What do you think? Before you begin,
More informationCalculating extra credit from clicker points. Total points through last week: Participation: 6 x 2 = 12 Performance: = 26
Clicker Questions, Test 2 February 10, 2016, Outline 7 1. Darwin coined the term Natural Selection to contrast with what other term? A. Evolutionary Selection B. Competition C. Artificial Selection D.
More informationGeologic Time. Mr. Skirbst
Geologic Time Mr. Skirbst Geologic Time Geologic Time Scale Describing and dividing major events of Earth s history Like a timeline of your life! Birth Like a timeline of your life! Like a timeline of
More informationGeological Time How old is the Earth
Geological Time How old is the Earth How old is everything? Universe? Universe ~ 14 Billion Years Old Milky Way Galaxy? Milky Way Galaxy - 10 Billion Years Old Solar System? Solar System -4.6 Billion Years
More informationDiversity, Change and Continuity. History of Life
Diversity, Change and Continuity History of Life Change throughout the history of Life. A summary of content covered 1 2 3 4 Changes in the atmosphere Changes in climate Geological events Biogeography
More information1. Evolution and Classification
1. Evolution and Classification 1.1 Origin of Life and Plants 1.2 Animal Evolution 1.3 Human Evolution 1.4 Mechanisms of Evolution 1.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 1.6 Mechanisms of Speciation 1.7 Classification
More informationBiological Evolution. Darwinian Evolution and Natural Selection
Biological Evolution Darwinian Evolution and Natural Selection 1. Linnaean Classification Major Concepts 2. Fossils 3. Radioactive Dating 4. Fossil Record and Genetic Analysis 5. Theory of Evolution Random,
More information~22.5 MYA ~2500 MYA ~3000MYA ~3500 MYA ~1000 MYA ~2100 MYA. Early apes are found. Savannas expand
Early apes are found. Savannas expand ~22.5 MYA Photosynthesis by blue-green bacteria. Oxygen forms in the atmosphere but immediately reacts with molecules in the ocean and crust of the Earth. The actual
More informationGO ON. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1.
d i a g n o s t i c t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e question 1. 1. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth s layers? A crust, outer core, inner core, mantle B mantle,
More information