Recent GNSS Developments and Reference Frame Issues in Turkey. Onur LENK and Bahadir AKTUĞ
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1 Recent GNSS Developments and Reference Frame Issues in Turkey Onur LENK and Bahadir AKTUĞ General Command of Mapping onur.lenk 1/31
2 GPS STUDIES İN TURKEY date back to early 1990s geodynamics-oriented at the earlier stage focused on seismically active areas high concentration in Marmara and Western Anatolia >80 GPS survey campaigns since /31
3 TURKISH NATIONAL FUNDAMENTAL GPS NETWORK (TNFGN) 3/31
4 TURKISH NATIONAL FUNDAMENTAL GPS NETWORK (TNFGN) Established between 1997 and 1999 ~600 stations a spatial resolution of km Periodic measurements between 1999 and o 41 o 40 o 39 o 38 o o o 26 o 28 o 30 o 34 o 36 o 38 o 40 o 42 o 44 o 32 o 4/31
5 TURKISH NATIONAL PERMANENT GPS NETWORK (TNPGN) 5/31
6 ~25 stations Concentrated mostly in Western Anatolia Functional > 5 years 4 of them are included in IGS and EPN Still geodynamics-oriented oriented No real-time 6/31
7 Ankara (ANKR) Istanbul (ISTA) Trabzon (TRAB) Gebze (TUBI) IGS IGS/EPN Stations in Turkey Tracking Networks EPN 7/31
8 A new Multi-purpose Real-time Network: TURKISH NATIONAL PERMANENT GPS RTK NETWORK for Surveying/Cadastre Geodynamics/Earthquake Hazard Assessment Meteorology (Troposphere) Communications (Ionosphere) Long-term Earthquake prediction Short-term term Earthquake-prediction? (ionosphere(?) 8/31
9 TURKISH NATIONAL PERMANENT GPS NETWORK (TNPGN-TUSAGA) TUSAGA) TURKISH NATIONAL GPS AND GPS RTK NETWORK (TNPGN-ACTIVE) Distribution of TUSAGA and TUSAGA-Active Active stations (as of Jun ). Red Circles TPGN sites-27; BlueTriangles: : TPGN-ACTIVE stations(145). 9/31
10 TURKISH NATIONAL PERMANENT GPS RTK NETWORK Homogenously distributed across Anatolia Fully functional by the end of 2008 Communications on ADSL/GPRS VRS-FKP FKP-MAC support Static mode for geodynamics/reference frame issues Kinematic prospects with 20 Hz update rate( Deformation monitoring etc.) 10/31
11 TPGN Konya Station (a) (b) (c) TPGN-ACTIVE pillar types (a) ground (b) terrace (c) roof 11/31
12 Additionally, the data from 10 stations around Marmara Sea. Time-series analysis on a daily basis. Going to be utilized as geodetic control and for monitoring crustal movements. A RTK Network of 145 sites, financed by Turkish National Scientific and Technological Council, responsibility of Istanbul Culture University, supervision of General Command of Mapping (GCM) and General Directorate of Registration and Cadastre. Fully operational. Particularly for the applications ranging from large-scale mapping, GIS and cadastral surveys. Serve on real-time kinematic basis. 12/31
13 Availability of Permanent GNSS Data in Turkey 13/31
14 Real-time Processing of Subnetworks with sufficient overlapping 14/31
15 Apart from real-time processing, the whole network is daily processed with GAMIT/GLOBK along with time series analysis. 15/31
16 The number of IGS stations used in reference frame definition Residual RMS < 5 mm Minimum : 2.3 mm. Maximum : 4.8 mm. Mean : 3.3 mm. Standart Sapma : 0.4 mm Gün /31
17 Benchmarking of RTK coordinate accuracies 17/31
18 The coordinate differences between RTK/static positioning North Component East Component Up Component /31
19 New Turkish National GPS RTK Network (TNGRN) provides a spatial resolution of ~75 km with 145 stations real-time cm-level positioning for survey community invaluable data for weather forecasting real-time TEC data for ionospheric mapping a network for studying earthquake hazard assesment in a very active geography insights about the unresolved issues within the boundary zones of Eurasian, African, and Arabian plates 19/31
20 Turkish National Fundamental GPS Network (TNFGN) 80 GPS survey campaigns since 1992 Turkish National Fundamental GPS Network (TNFGN) in 1999 A spatial resolution of km Periodic measurements between 1999 and 2009 Turkish National Permanent GPS Network (TNPGN) ~25 stations Functional > 5 years 4 of them are IGS Static data Turkish National GPS RTK Network (TNGRN) 145 stations Fully-functional since early 2009 A spatial resolution of ~75 km Real-time and static data. 20/31
21 Turkey is seismologically very active, involving many geophysical phenomena, it is considered a natural laboratory for geosciences: Transform strike-slip faulting Continental collision Major thrust faulting Continental escape Subduction Contraction Extension In this respect, special care is needed about reference frame adoption. 21/31
22 22/31
23 The largest four earthquakes in the last decade and their associated surface displacements 23/31
24 Discontinuities are handled succesfully What about the linearity of coordinates changes? 24/31
25 The effect of lineary assumption in Marmara region after 1999 earthquakes 25/31
26 The differences in velocity are over cm/yr at some points. 26/31
27 Recent GNSS Developments and Reference Frame Issues in Turkey PlatePlate-fixed Static Datum? 27/31
28 The coordinate differences at ANKR stations with respect to ITRF-2005 (north( component). 28/31
29 ETRS-89 and TURKEY The scope of ETRS-89 (namely( rigid part of Eurasia) covers only a small portion Turkish territory. Eurasian part of Turkey (north of the North Anatolian Fault System) ) is subject of continental convergence (slow deformation) The boundaries of rigid and unrigid parts are not clear across Anatolia which could quite confuse the users about using an epoch correction or not Significant post-seismic seismic motion exists Large graben systems in Western Anatolia requires a velocity definition in any case 29/31
30 Turkish Reference Frame (TUREF); Coincides with ITRF96 at epoch Its time evolution is defined with respect to No-Net Net- Rotation Velocity Frame realized by successive realizations of ITRS, Independent Arabian Plates of the TUREF motions of Eurasia, Anatolia, Requires an epoch correction at every point Its relation to other frames is globally ensured by transformation parameters of successive ITRS realizations. 30/31
31 THANK YOU! 31/31
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