Seismic Performance of Silty Soil Sites
|
|
- Sybil Cannon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Seismic Performance of Silty Soil Sites Jonathan Bray, Ph.D., P.E., NAE, & Christine Beyzaei, Ph.D., P.E. Univ. of California, Berkeley With Contributions From: M. Cubrinovski, M. Riemer, C. Markham, J. Zupan, M. Stringer, S. van Ballegooy, M. Jacka, R. Wentz, etc. Sponsors: National Science Foundation, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment, and Earthquake Commission New Zealand
2 LIQUEFACTION EFFECTS 1906 San Francisco EQ (Lawson et al. 1908) 1964 Niigata, Japan EQ (from H.B. Seed) 1989 Loma Prieta EQ
3 LIQUEFACTION EFFECTS Flow Liquefaction Cyclic Mobility (strain-softening large strain) (strain-hardening limited strain)
4 LIQUEFACTION EFFECTS Cyclic Mobility C S R Liquefaction Effects Observed at Ground Surface Flow Liquefaction FS = FS =1.2 CRR No Liquefaction Effects Observed at Ground Surface FS = CRR / CSR Idriss & Boulanger 2008
5 Liquefaction Flow Slides when q c1ncs-sr < Idriss & Boulanger 2008
6 New Zealand Wellington Australian plate Alpine Fault MCE M w = 8 Christchurch Pacific plate
7 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence MW = Sept 10 MW = Dec 11 MW = Feb 11 MW = June 11 GNS Science
8 Canterbury NZ EQs: Widespread Liquefaction Cubrinovski et al. 2011
9 Liquefaction Effects in Christchurch From M. Cubrinovski
10 Liquefaction from 3 + EQs (Cubrinovski 2011) Base Map 22 Feb 2011 M w = 6.2 White Areas 4 Sep 2010 M w = 7.1 Black Areas 13 Jun 2011 M w = 6.0 CBD
11 Repeated Liquefaction Events 4 Sept Feb April June 2011: Part 1 (Mark Quigley: Avonside) 13 June 2011: Part 2
12 Age of Christchurch Soils 0 After Liquefaction from M. Cubrinovski
13 Liquefaction in Christchurch (van Ballegooy et al. 2014)
14 Capturing Liquefaction Effects
15 Post-Liquefaction Volumetric Strain (ε v ) Ishihara & Yoshimine 1992
16 Post-Liquefaction Volumetric Strain (ε v ) Decreasing D r Increasing ε v Decreasing FS Ishihara & Yoshimine 1992
17 Capturing Liquefaction Effects LSN considers when FS > 1 LSN limited by max ε v LSN affected by D r LSN weights heavily shallow layers van Ballegooy et al. 2014
18 Capturing Liquefaction Effects van Ballegooy et al. 2014
19 Liquefaction in Christchurch (van Ballegooy et al. 2014)
20 Land Damage LSN Estimates (van Ballegooy et al. 2014)
21 Observations of Liquefaction Ejecta q c (MPa) I c 2010 Darfield EQ Ejecta Observed Depth (m) No Ejecta I c = 1.8 van Ballegooy et al. Tonkin & Taylor for the EQC
22 CPT Profiles Increasing PGA Increasing Manifestations Beyzaei et al.
23 Liquefaction of Silty Soil Sites Site 23 site where no liquefaction effects were observed; yet simplified procedures indicate liquefaction was expected (from R. Wentz, Wentz-Pacific)
24 Liquefaction Assessment at Stratified Site DEPTH BELOW GROUND SURFACE (m) GWT GWT GWT CRR CSR Settlement ~ 13 cm LSN = 29 BUT no liquefaction effects observed CRR & CSR Factor of Safety Settlement (cm) Riccarton Road Site Feb 2011 EQ: PGA = 0.37 g, GWT = 0.6 m BGS, P L =50%, LPI = 19, CPT_36420 (Beyzaei et al.; CRR and FS plots exported from CLiq)
25 Cyclic Triaxial Testing Program 100 PERCENT FINER (%) Range of silty soils tested DIAMETER ( m) Site 21 Site 23 Site 33 (silty soil) Site 33 (sand) S33-DM1-5U-B (top) S33-DM1-5U-B (mid) S33-DM1-5U-B (bot) S33-DM1-6U-B (ends) S33-DM1-6U-B (mid) S21-DM1-3U-B S23-DM1-3U-A S23-DM1-7U-B EQC-4 Beyzaei et al.
26 Cyclic Triaxial Test Results (a) Cycle 1 (b) Cycle q/(2p' 0 ) 0.0 q/(2p' 0 ) Axial Strain (%) Axial Strain (%) 0.6 (c) 3% SA 0.6 (d) 5% DA q/(2p' 0 ) 0.0 q/(2p' 0 ) Axial Strain (%) Axial Strain (%) Beyzaei et al. EQC4-DM1B-7U-A (Clean Sand) S21-DM1-3U-A (Silt, NP) S33-DM1-8U-A (Silt, PI=10) S33-DM1-8U-B (Silt, PI=10)
27 Liquefaction Assessment Comparison Depth (m) Laboratory Data: CRR TX,field 0.19 Boulanger & Idriss 2014: CRR B&I 0.16 CSR B&I CRR & CSR Lab or Field FS for Liquefaction Triggering: FS Beyzaei et al.
28 Post-Liquefaction Reconsolidation VOLUMETRIC STRAIN (%) 0 EQC4-DM1B-6U-A EQC4-DM1B-6U-B EQC4-DM1B-7U-A EQC4-DM2-3U-A EQC4-DM2-3U-B EQC4-DM2-4U-A Clean Sand and Silty Sand TIME (sec) VOLUMETRIC STRAIN (%) 0 S23-DM1-3U-A S23-DM1-3U-B S23-DM1-4U-B S23-DM1-5U-A S23-DM1-7U-A S23-DM1-7U-B S23-DM1-8Ub-A Silt (PI=8-10) and Sandy Silt (PI=4-7) Beyzaei et al TIME (sec) 10000
29 Cyclic Triaxial Test Results Beyzaei et al. Clean Sand (EQC3-DM1-5U-A) Non-plastic Silty Sand/Silt (S33-DM1-6U-B) PI=10 Silt (S33-DM1-8U-A)
30 Liquefaction Case Histories from Boulanger & Idriss (2014) Mostly clean sand sites Not many silty soil sites Liquefaction Effects Observed at Ground Surface No Liquefaction Effects Observed at Ground Surface Boulanger & Idriss (2014) CPT-based method 253 cases in total 20 cases FC > 35% 97 cases (no lab FC) 15 cases est. FC > 35%
31 I c Fines Content (FC) Correlations Robinson, Cubrinovski, & Bradley 2013 R² = CBD Data from Zupan 2014, Taylor 2015, & Markham 2015 Apparent FC Ic Fines Content (%) 2.0 I c Fines Content (%) Data R&W(98)-General Correlation Idriss & Boulanger 2008
32 I c Fines Content Correlation 4.0 SOIL BEHAVIOR TYPE INDEX (I c ) bot ends top S33-DM1-6U-B mid mid S/H = Sieve/Hydometer L = Laser Site 37 (Logging, S/H) Site 14 (Logging, S/H) Site 33 (Logging, S/H) Site 2 (CTX, L) Site 14 (CTX, L) Site 21 (CTX, L) Site 23 (CTX, L) Site 33 (CTX, L) BI16 (C_FC=0) BI16 (C_FC=0.2) Best-fit (Lab data) FINES CONTENT (%) S33-DM1-5U-B Closely spaced continuous sampling with thin defined layers (Beyzaei et al.)
33 Grain-Size Composition of Soils Sand ejecta samples from areas in Christchurch #200 (Courtesy of M. Pender, Univ. of Auckland) Clean fine sands and non-plastic silty sands Does soil know that the #200 sieve exists?
34 Particle Shape of Soils Monterey 0/30 sand, FC = 0% S33-DM1-5U-A sand, FC=10% S23-DM1-8Ub-A silt, FC=63%: coarse fraction (> 75 µm) & fines fraction (< 75 µm) SEM photographs (200x) by Beyzaei et al.
35 Importance of Depositional Environment Recognized but often not explicitly considered Youd & Perkins (1978): factors that affect ground failure susceptibility include sedimentation process, age of deposition, geologic history, depth of water table Seed (1979): method of placement or soil structure and age since deposition or placement a single layer of relatively impervious fine sand or silt in such a deposit would completely invalidate the results of pore pressure dissipation computations for vertical flow
36 Canterbury Plains Christchurch
37 Buried Streams in Central Christchurch (from 1850 s Black Maps ) Madras St. Kilmore St. Armaph St. Hereford St. Cathedral from Christchurch: Swamp to City (photo from 1880, 30 years after Christchurch was founded) from M. Cubrinovski
38 Depositional Environment of Silty Sites WAIMAKARIRI RIVER RAKAIA RIVER Canterbury Plains PORT HILLS 1918 Photo from Christchurch: Swamp to City Beyzaei et al.
39 Regional Assessment (a) (b) Beyzaei et al.
40 Beyzaei et al. Thin-Layer Stratigraphy: Standard CPT vs. Mini-CPT Site 33 - Cashmere Site 37 - Clarence
41 Site Characterization Tools 3.65 DEPTH BELOW GROUND SURFACE (m) (a) q c (MPa) CPT_36421 Mini-CPT_01 Mini-CPT_02 I c (oxidized) fine sand, some medium sand, trace silt silt band very fine sand with silt laminations organics band organics band silt parting fine sand silty fine sand Graphic Log Sample Photograph DM High-Quality Sample (b) Sonic Boring Core Sample (c) Beyzaei et al.
42 Groundwater Table Effects Continuous sampling Crosshole seismic testing (UT-Austin) Site 21 Beyzaei et al. Piezometer (NZGD)
43 Over-Estimation of Liquefaction Triggering Cyclic testing data does not explain the discrepancy Other possible explanations? Groundwater table fluctuation & clayey crust Highly stratified subsurface profile At-depth suppression of ejecta movement & reconsolidation time Angular particles/borderline soil types Inherent conservatism in analysis approach Combination of all the above? System Response macro-scale system response as opposed to element/specimen level response
44 Natural Shoal Deposits of Treasure Island, San Francisco Pedro Espinosa, Phil Stuecheli, Stefanos, Papadopoulos, Joe Tootle, Uri Eliahu, Shah Vahdani, Bahareh Heidarzadeh, Steve Dickenson, Michael Beaty, Juan Pestana, Michael Riemer, Chris Markham, Jonathan Bray, & Nick Sitar
45 ORIGINAL CONDITION, CONSTRUCTION, AND DEVELOPMENT
46 IMPROVE FILL-SHOAL WITH VIBRO-COMPACTION USING DPC Site Location Sourced from Google Earth
47 Fill Shoal TEST PROGRAM CPT RESULTS Full-scale DPC test results indicated that no appreciable densification can be obtained within the shoal deposits.
48 Undisturbed Soil Sampling & Testing D&M Thin- Walled Piston Sampler ASTM D
49 FILL Fill consists largely of sand and non-plastic silt
50 SHOAL DEPOSIT Close grain packing and clay films bridging pores Shoal deposit is heterogeneous natural deposit often with interlocking sand grains with clay bridges Weakly developed clay bridges and few fines in pores
51 SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY
52 Silty Soil Liquefaction Effects on Hospital 2010 Chile EQ (M w = 8.8)
53 SILT LIQUEFACTION EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey EQ: Adapazari
54 Evaluation of I c < 2.6 Criterion Soils at two sites in Adapazari
55 Conclusions Loose shallow sand & nonplastic silt deposits led to much damage in Christchurch, especially in areas with ejecta Interbedded silty soil sites differ from typical clean-sand sites upon which liquefaction procedures are largely based Depositional environment distinguishes between sites that did or did not liquefy; CPT-based simplified procedures did not Understanding system response is key Depositional environment should be explicitly considered in liquefaction assessments. Historical maps, geologic studies, and continuous sampling can provide key information Silty soil sites could exhibit liquefaction manifestations if heavy buildings were present or if shaken harder
56 RECOMMENDATIONS Liquefaction triggering procedures, which have been developed for sands and nonplastic silty sands, should be applied with judgment. Plasticity Index Susceptible to Liquefaction Moderate Susceptibility Not Susceptible w c /LL Perform cyclic testing on fine-grained soils that can be sampled effectively to assess their seismic response characteristics. Consider depositional environment & system response which may be missed by simplified methods (e.g., thin-layer stratigraphy, & groundwater fluctuations)
LSN a new methodology for characterising the effects of liquefaction in terms of relative land damage severity
van Ballegooy, S., Lacrosse, V., Jacka, M. & Malan, P. (2013) Proc. 19 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Ed. CY Chin, Queenstown LSN a new methodology for characterising the effects of liquefaction in terms
More informationFoundations on Deep Alluvial Soils
Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission Hearings 25 October 2011, Christchurch GEO.CUB.0001.1-35.1 Foundations on Deep Alluvial Soils Misko Cubrinovski, Ian McCahon, Civil and Natural Resources Engineering,
More informationLiquefaction Characteristics of Christchurch Silty Soils: Gainsborough Reserve
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Liquefaction Characteristics of Christchurch Silty Soils: Gainsborough Reserve M. Stringer
More informationLiquefaction induced ground damage in the Canterbury earthquakes: predictions vs. reality
Bowen, H. J. & Jacka, M. E. () Proc. th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Ed. CY Chin, Queenstown Liquefaction induced ground damage in the Canterbury earthquakes: predictions vs. reality H J Bowen & M E Jacka
More informationEvaluation of soil liquefaction using the CPT Part 1
Evaluation of soil liquefaction using the CPT Part 1 Dr. Peter K. Robertson Webinar #7 2013 CPT Guide 5 th Edition Download FREE copy from: Robertson & Cabal (Robertson) 5 th Edition 2012 www.greggdrilling.com
More informationThe LSN Calculation and Interpolation Process
Appendix I : The LSN Calculation and Interpolation Process I1. Introduction Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) can be used in the assessment of the liquefaction vulnerability. The CPTs available from the Canterbury
More informationComparison between predicted liquefaction induced settlement and ground damage observed from the Canterbury earthquake sequence
Power, P.M. & Jacka, M. (2013) the Canterbury earthquake sequence Proc. 19 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Ed. CY Chin, Queenstown Comparison between predicted liquefaction induced settlement and ground
More informationCase Study - Undisturbed Sampling, Cyclic Testing and Numerical Modelling of a Low Plasticity Silt
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Case Study - Undisturbed Sampling, Cyclic Testing and Numerical Modelling of a Low Plasticity
More informationLIQUEFACTION EVALUATION IN STRATIFIED SOILS
LIQUEFACTION EVALUATION IN STRATIFIED SOILS By Aimee Rhodes Supervised by: Misko Cubrinovski Co-supervised by: Jennifer Haskell and Mark Stringer A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
More informationLiquefaction: Additional issues. This presentation consists of two parts: Section 1
Liquefaction: Additional issues Ahmed Elgamal This presentation consists of two parts: Section 1 Liquefaction of fine grained soils and cyclic softening in silts and clays Section 2 Empirical relationship
More informationConsideration of Ground Variability Over an Area of Geological Similarity as Part of Liquefaction Assessment for Foundation Design
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Consideration of Ground Variability Over an Area of Geological Similarity as Part of Liquefaction
More informationThe undrained cyclic strength of undisturbed and reconstituted Christchurch sands
Taylor, M.L., Cubrinovski, M., Bradley, B.A., and Horikoshi, K. (2013) Proc. 19 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Ed. CY Chin, Queenstown The undrained cyclic strength of undisturbed and reconstituted Christchurch
More informationEarthquake-induced liquefaction triggering of Christchurch sandy soils
Earthquake-induced liquefaction triggering of Christchurch sandy soils M.L. Taylor, M. Cubrinovski & B.A. Bradley Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 2015 NZSEE Conference
More informationCyclic strength testing of Christchurch sands with undisturbed samples
Cyclic strength testing of Christchurch sands with undisturbed samples M.L. Taylor, M. Cubrinovski & B.A. Bradley Dept. Civil & Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New
More informationAnalysis of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading Data from the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch Earthquakes
Analysis of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading Data from the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch Earthquakes K. Robinson, B. A. Bradley, & M. Cubrinovski University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New
More informationInvestigation of Liquefaction Behaviour for Cohesive Soils
Proceedings of the 3 rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering (CSEE 18) Budapest, Hungary April 8-10, 2018 Paper No. ICGRE 134 DOI: 10.11159/icgre18.134 Investigation of Liquefaction
More informationLiquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading Misko Cubrinovski University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
US New Zealand Japan International Workshop Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movements Effects UC Berkeley, California, 2 4 November 2016 Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading Misko Cubrinovski University
More informationUndrained cyclic direct simple shear testing of Christchurch sandy soils
Proc. 20 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Eds. GJ Alexander & CY Chin, Napier Undrained cyclic direct simple shear testing of Christchurch sandy soils C Cappellaro, M Cubrinovski, G Chiaro, M E Stringer
More informationCyclic Behavior of Soils
Cyclic Behavior of Soils Antonios Vytiniotis Cyclic Shearing of Sands Dry Sand 1 Triaxial Undrained Monotonic Shearing CIUC tests Ishihara Critical State Toyoura Sand Ishihara 2 Critical State Ishihara
More informationSensitivity of predicted liquefaction-induced lateral displacements from the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch Earthquakes
Sensitivity of predicted liquefaction-induced lateral displacements from the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch Earthquakes K. Robinson, M. Cubrinovski, B.A. Bradley Department of Civil and Natural Resources
More informationLiquefaction and Foundations
Liquefaction and Foundations Amit Prashant Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Short Course on Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings 26 30 November, 2012 What is Liquefaction? Liquefaction
More informationCase History of Observed Liquefaction-Induced Settlement Versus Predicted Settlement
Case History of Observed Liquefaction-Induced Settlement Versus Predicted Settlement M. Lew and L. Tran AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Inc., Los Angeles, CA USA SUMMARY: A comparison of the predicted
More informationDate: April 2, 2014 Project No.: Prepared For: Mr. Adam Kates CLASSIC COMMUNITIES 1068 E. Meadow Circle Palo Alto, California 94303
City of Newark - 36120 Ruschin Drive Project Draft Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration Appendix C: Geologic Information FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\4554\45540001\ISMND\45540001 36120
More informationMethods for characterising effects of liquefaction in terms of damage severity
Methods for characterising effects of liquefaction in terms of damage severity S. van Ballegooy, P.J. Malan, M.E. Jacka, V.I.M.F. Lacrosse, J.R. Leeves & J.E. Lyth Tonkin & Taylor Limited H. Cowan New
More informationLiquefaction Susceptibility of Pleistocene Aged Wellington Alluvium Silt
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Liquefaction Susceptibility of Pleistocene Aged Wellington Alluvium Silt E. P. Torvelainen
More informationUse of CPT in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
Use of CPT in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Prof. Scott M. Olson, PhD, PE Use of Cone Penetration Test for Foundation Analysis and Design 2006 Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board Geotechnical
More informationNonlinear shear stress reduction factor (r d ) for Christchurch Central Business District
Dismuke, J.N. (2013) Proc. 19 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Ed. CY Chin, Queenstown Nonlinear shear stress reduction factor (r d ) for Christchurch Central Business District J N Dismuke Golder Associates,
More informationBehavior of Soft Riva Clay under High Cyclic Stresses
Behavior of Soft Riva Clay under High Cyclic Stresses Mustafa Kalafat Research Assistant, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; mkalafat@boun.edu.tr Canan Emrem, Ph.D., Senior Engineer, ZETAS Zemin Teknolojisi
More informationEARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SETTLEMENTS IN SATURATED SANDY SOILS
VOL., NO., AUGUST 7 ISSN 119- -7 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SETTLEMENTS IN SATURATED SANDY SOILS C. Y. Lee Department of Civil Engineering, College
More informationEvaluating Soil Liquefaction and Post-earthquake deformations using the CPT
Evaluating Soil Liquefaction and Post-earthquake deformations using the CPT P.K. Robertson University of Alberta, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Canada Keywords: Soil liquefaction,
More information3.4 Typical Soil Profiles
SEI.UoC.0002.11 Figure 4. Streams in central Christchurch as mapped in March 1850, superposed on aerial photography captured on 24 February 2011. Streams digitised from the Black Map of Christchurch (March
More informationModule 6 LIQUEFACTION (Lectures 27 to 32)
Module 6 LIQUEFACTION (Lectures 27 to 32) Lecture 31 Topics 6.6 EFFECTS OF LIQUEFACTION 6.6.1 Alteration of Ground Motion 6.6.2 Development of Sand Boils 6.6.3 Settlement 6.6.4 Settlement of Dry Sands
More informationCPT Applications - Liquefaction 2
CPT Applications - Liquefaction 2 Peter K. Robertson CPT in Geotechnical Practice Santiago, Chile July, 2014 Definitions of Liquefaction Cyclic (seismic) Liquefaction Zero effective stress (during cyclic
More informationEvaluation of soil liquefaction using the CPT Part 2
Evaluation of soil liquefaction using the CPT Part 2 P.K. Robertson 2013 Definitions of Liquefaction Cyclic (seismic) Liquefaction Zero effective stress (during cyclic loading) Flow (static) Liquefaction
More informationComparison of different methods for evaluating the liquefaction potential of sandy soils in Bandar Abbas
Comparison of different methods for evaluating the liquefaction potential of sandy soils in Bandar Abbas M. Mosaffa¹ & M. Rafiee² 1.Geotechnical M.S. student Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran(Email:Amestris@gmail.com).Geotechnical
More informationMitigation of Liquefaction Potential Using Rammed Aggregate Piers
ASCE 2011 557 Mitigation of Liquefaction Potential Using Rammed Aggregate Piers R.W. Rudolph, M. ASCE, G.E. 1, B. Serna, M. ASCE, P.E. 2, and T. Farrell, M. ASCE, G.E. 3 1 Principal Consultant, ENGEO,
More informationEFFECT OF SILT CONTENT ON THE UNDRAINED ANISOTROPIC BEHAVIOUR OF SAND IN CYCLIC LOADING
4 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering June 25-28, 2007 Paper No. 1506 EFFECT OF SILT CONTENT ON THE UNDRAINED ANISOTROPIC BEHAVIOUR OF SAND IN CYCLIC LOADING Hadi BAHADORI
More informationOverview of screening criteria for liquefaction triggering susceptibility
Proceedings of the Tenth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering Building an Earthquake-Resilient Pacific 6-8 November 2015, Sydney, Australia Overview of screening criteria for liquefaction triggering
More informationCalibrating the Liquefaction Severity Number (LSN) for Varying Misprediction Economies: A Case Study in Christchurch, New Zealand
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Calibrating the Liquefaction Severity Number (LSN) for Varying Misprediction Economies:
More informationPerformance and Post Earthquake Assessment of CFA Pile Ground Improvement 22 February 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake
Performance and Post Earthquake Assessment of CFA Pile Ground Improvement 22 February 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake K. M. Murahidy, S. W Sutherland & M. E. Jacka Tonkin & Taylor Ltd, Christchurch,
More informationThe Effect of Sea Level Rise on Liquefaction Vulnerability
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand The Effect of Sea Level Rise on Liquefaction Vulnerability P. W. Quilter 1, S. van Ballegooy
More informationComparison of liquefaction-induced land damage and geomorphic variability in Avonside, New Zealand
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Comparison of liquefaction-induced land damage and geomorphic variability in Avonside, New
More informationCross-Checking Liquefaction Hazard Assessments with Liquefaction Observations from New Zealand Earthquakes and Paleo-liquefaction Trenching
Bastin, S.H., van Ballegooy, S., & Wotherspoon, L. (2017) Cross-Checking Liquefaction Hazard Assessments with Liquefaction Observations from New Zealand Earthquakes and Paleo-liquefaction Trenching Proc.
More informationLiquefaction. Ajanta Sachan. Assistant Professor Civil Engineering IIT Gandhinagar. Why does the Liquefaction occur?
Liquefaction Ajanta Sachan Assistant Professor Civil Engineering IIT Gandhinagar Liquefaction What is Liquefaction? Why does the Liquefaction occur? When has Liquefaction occurred in the past? Where does
More informationRammed Aggregate Pier Ground Improvement as a Liquefaction Mitigation Method in Sandy and Silty Soils
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Rammed Aggregate Pier Ground Improvement as a Liquefaction Mitigation Method in Sandy and
More informationSelect Liquefaction Case Histories from the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence
Select Liquefaction Case Histories from the 2010 2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence Russell A. Green, a) M.EERI, Misko Cubrinovski, b) Brady Cox, c) M.EERI, Clint Wood, c) S.M.EERI, Liam Wotherspoon,
More informationLiterature Review of Liquefaction Research with a Case Study of Christchurch, NZ
Literature Review of Liquefaction Research with a Case Study of Christchurch, NZ Brianna Svoboda CEEN514 4/23/14 Introduction Natural disasters, such as earthquakes that trigger liquefaction, landslides,
More informationWORKSHOP ON PENETRATION TESTING AND OTHER GEOMECHANICAL ISSUES Pisa 14 June 2016 ROOM F8
WORKSHOP ON PENETRATION TESTING AND OTHER GEOMECHANICAL ISSUES Pisa 14 June 2016 ROOM F8 LIQUEFACTION PHOENOMENA DURING THE EMILIA SEISMIC SEQUENCE OF 2012 AND THE LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL FROM A LARGE DATABASE
More informationSOME OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SILTY SOILS
SOME OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SILTY SOILS Upul ATUKORALA 1, Dharma WIJEWICKREME 2 And Norman MCCAMMON 3 SUMMARY The liquefaction susceptibility of silty soils has not received
More informationLiquefaction Evaluation
Liquefaction Evaluation Ahmed Elgamal and Zhaohui Yang University of California, San Diego Acknowledgements The Liquefaction Evaluation section is prepared mainly following: Kramer, S. L. (1996). Geotechnical
More informationPOST CYCLIC SHEAR STRENGTH OF FINE GRAINED SOILS IN ADAPAZARI TURKEY DURING 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE
POST CYCLIC SHEAR STRENGTH OF FINE GRAINED SOILS IN ADAPAZARI TURKEY DURING 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE A.Erken 1, Z.Kaya 2 and A.Şener 3 1 Professor Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty,
More informationAssessing effects of Liquefaction. Peter K. Robertson 2016
Assessing effects of Liquefaction Peter K. Robertson 2016 1964 1995 2010 Flow (static) Liquefaction After Olson & Stark, 2003 Case histories flow liquefaction Common soil features: Very young age Non-plastic
More informationCyclic Strength of Clay-Like Materials
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Cyclic Strength of Clay-Like Materials B. Ajmera 1, T. Brandon 2, B. Tiwari 3 ABSTRACT Failures
More informationTechnical Note 04 The Liquefaction Phenomenon
Technical Note 04 The Liquefaction Phenomenon Introduction Earthquakes pose hazards to the built environment through five main types of processes. These include strong ground shaking (the most pervasive
More informationSensitivity of predicted liquefaction-induced lateral spreading displacements from the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes
Robinson, K., Cubrinovski, M. & Bradley, B.A. (2013) and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes Proc. 19 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Ed. CY Chin, Queenstown Sensitivity of predicted liquefaction-induced lateral
More informationEXAMINATION OF THE K OVERBURDEN CORRECTION FACTOR ON LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE
REPORT NO. UCD/CGM-12/02 CENTER FOR GEOTECHNICAL MODELING EXAMINATION OF THE K OVERBURDEN CORRECTION FACTOR ON LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE BY J. MONTGOMERY R. W. BOULANGER L. F. HARDER, JR. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
More informationPerformance Based Design of a Structural Foundation on Liquefiable Ground with a Natural Soil Crust
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Performance Based Design of a Structural Foundation on Liquefiable Ground with a Natural
More informationPROCEDURE TO EVALUATE LIQUEFACTIO -I DUCED SETTLEME T BASED O SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY. Fred (Feng) Yi 1 ABSTRACT
PROCEDURE TO EVALUATE LIQUEFACTIO -I DUCED SETTLEME T BASED O SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY Fred (Feng) Yi 1 ABSTRACT As a major geologic hazard, evaluation of liquefaction-induced settlement is very important for
More information(THIS IS ONLY A SAMPLE REPORT OR APPENDIX OFFERED TO THE USERS OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM
C A U T I O N!! (THIS IS ONLY A SAMPLE REPORT OR APPENDIX OFFERED TO THE USERS OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM EQLique&Settle2. THE AUTHOR IS HEREBY RELEASED OF ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY INCORRECT USE OF THIS SAMPLE
More informationWorked Examples Assessment of foundation solutions for residential technical category 3 properties
Worked Examples Assessment of foundation solutions for residential technical category 3 properties These worked examples are to accompany revised Section 15.3 and Appendix C4 of MBIE Guidance for repairing
More informationShort Review on Liquefaction Susceptibility
Short Review on Liquefaction Susceptibility Aminaton Marto*, Tan Choy Soon** *Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysi, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia ** PhD Candidate, Faculty of
More informationLiquefaction Hazard Mapping. Keith L. Knudsen Senior Engineering Geologist California Geological Survey Seismic Hazard Mapping Program
Liquefaction Hazard Mapping Keith L. Knudsen Senior Engineering Geologist California Geological Survey Seismic Hazard Mapping Program April 20, 2006 Topics Liquefaction hazard mapping (regional) CGS approach
More informationComparison of Three Procedures for Evaluating Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction
Missouri University of Science and Technology Scholars' Mine International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics 2010 - Fifth International Conference
More informationGround Motion Comparison of the 2011 Tohoku, Japan and Canterbury earthquakes: Implications for large events in New Zealand.
Ground Motion Comparison of the 211 Tohoku, Japan and 21-211 Canterbury earthquakes: Implications for large events in New Zealand. B. A. Bradley University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. 212
More informationPresentation Outline. 1. Seismic Soil Liquefaction Explained 2. Presentation of the Software SOILLIQ 3. Illustrative Applications using SOILLIQ
Presentation Outline 1. Seismic Soil Liquefaction Explained 2. Presentation of the Software SOILLIQ 3. Illustrative Applications using SOILLIQ Foundation Failures in Residential Buildings (1964 Niigata,
More informationMicro Seismic Hazard Analysis
Micro Seismic Hazard Analysis Mark van der Meijde INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION Overview Site effects Soft ground effect Topographic effect Liquefaction Methods
More information5 Information used for the ILV Assessment
43 5 Information used for the ILV Assessment 5.1 Purpose and Outline In this section of the report the sources of information used in the ILV Assessment Methodology are described. The sources of information
More informationLiquefaction Behavior of Silt and Sandy Silts from Cyclic Ring Shear Tests
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Liquefaction Behavior of Silt and Sandy Silts from Cyclic Ring Shear Tests A. El Takch 1,
More informationGeotechnical Earthquake Engineering
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering by Dr. Deepankar Choudhury Humboldt Fellow, JSPS Fellow, BOYSCAST Fellow Professor Department of Civil Engineering IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India. Email: dc@civil.iitb.ac.in
More informationCyclic Softening of Low-plasticity Clay and its Effect on Seismic Foundation Performance
4th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering Taipei, Taiwan October 12-13, 6 Paper No. 287 Cyclic Softening of Low-plasticity Clay and its Effect on Seismic Foundation Performance Daniel B. Chu
More informationLiquefaction-Induced Ground Deformations Evaluation Based on Cone Penetration Tests (CPT)
World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2014, 2, 249-259 Published Online November 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/wjet http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2014.24026 Liquefaction-Induced
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION FOR Recurrent liquefaction in Christchurch, New Zealand during the Canterbury earthquake sequence by M.C. Quigley et al.
GSA DATA REPOSITORY 2013113 M.C. Quigley et al. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION FOR Recurrent liquefaction in Christchurch, New Zealand during the Canterbury earthquake sequence by M.C. Quigley et al. Christchurch
More informationLIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF NON-PLASTIC SILTY SAND
Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 137-14 (214 ) DOI: 1.6119/JMST-13-117-3 137 LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF NON-PLASTIC SILTY SAND Chun-Chi Chen1, Wei F. Lee2, Jing-Wen Chen1, and
More informationNEW METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENT BASED ON SOIL GRADATION AND RELATIVE DENSITY
NEW METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENT BASED ON SOIL GRADATION AND RELATIVE DENSITY Bambang Istijono 1, Abdul Hakam 2 1,2 Civil Dept. of Engineering Faculty, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia ABSTRACT
More informationEFFECTIVE STRESS ANALYSES OF TWO SITES WITH DIFFERENT EXTENT OF LIQUEFACTION DURING EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the 211 Great East Japan Earthquake, March 1-4, 212, Tokyo, Japan EFFECTIVE STRESS ANALYSES OF TWO SITES WITH DIFFERENT EXTENT
More informationKey factors in the liquefaction-induced damage to buildings and infrastructure in Christchurch: Preliminary findings
Key factors in the liquefaction-induced damage to buildings and infrastructure in Christchurch: Preliminary findings M. Cubrinovski, M. Taylor, K. Robinson, A. Winkley, M. Hughes, J. Haskell, B. Bradley
More informationNZ Transport Agency s Detailed Design Guidance for Piled Bridges at Sites Prone to Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading
Keepa, C., Adhikari, G., Murashev, A., Cubrinovski, M. & Lloyd, N. (2017) NZ Transport Agency s Detailed Design Guidance for Piled Bridges at Sites Prone to Liquefaction and Lateral Spreading Proc. 20
More informationLiquefaction potential of Rotorua soils
Pearse-Danker, E. (2013) Liquefaction potential of Rotorua soils Proc. 19 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Ed. CY Chin, Queenstown Liquefaction potential of Rotorua soils E Pearse-Danker Coffey Geotechnics
More informationCanterbury Earthquake Sequence: Increased Liquefaction Vulnerability Assessment Methodology
Canterbury Earthquake Sequence: Increased Liquefaction Vulnerability Assessment Methodology Prepared for Chapman Tripp acting on behalf of the Earthquake Commission (EQC) Prepared by Date Job Number 52010.140.v1.0
More informationA comparison between two field methods of evaluation of liquefaction potential in the Bandar Abbas City
American Journal of Civil Engineering 2015; 3(2-2): 1-5 Published online January 16, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajce) doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.s.2015030202.11 ISSN: 2330-8729 (Print); ISSN:
More informationChristchurch CBD: Lessons Learnt and Strategies for Foundation Remediation 22 February 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, Earthquake
Christchurch CBD: Lessons Learnt and Strategies for Foundation Remediation 22 February 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, Earthquake K.M. Murahidy & A.F. Sleight Tonkin & Taylor Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
More informationLiquefaction Hazard Maps for Australia
Liquefaction Hazard Maps for Australia T.I. Mote J.N. Dismuke Arup, Sydney Australia SUMMARY: Screening-level liquefaction hazard maps for Australia are developed corresponding to ground motions for annual
More informationLiquefaction assessments of tailings facilities in low-seismic areas
Page 1 Liquefaction assessments of tailings facilities in low-seismic areas Holly Rourke SRK Consulting, Perth, WA, Australia Caroline Holmes SRK Consulting, Perth, WA, Australia This paper was first presented
More informationSoil type identification and fines content estimation using the Screw Driving Sounding (SDS) data
Mirjafari, S.Y. & Orense, R.P. & Suemasa, N. () Proc. th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Eds. GJ Alexander & CY Chin, Napier Soil type identification and fines content estimation using the Screw Driving Sounding
More informationEvaluating liquefaction and lateral spreading in interbedded sand, silt, and clay deposits using the cone penetrometer
Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterisation 5 Lehane, Acosta-Martínez & Kelly (Eds) 2016 Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney, Australia, ISBN 978-0-9946261-1-0 Evaluating liquefaction and lateral
More informationDeconvolution of Surface Motions from the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence for use in Nonlinear Effective Stress Site Response Analyses
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Deconvolution of Surface Motions from the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence for use in Nonlinear
More informationSensitivity of Liquefaction Triggering Analysis to Earthquake Magnitude
Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2013 Conference, Nov 15-17, Hobart, Tasmania Sensitivity of Liquefaction Triggering Analysis to Earthquake Magnitude Dr Timothy I Mote 1 and Minly M. L. So 2 1.
More informationLIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FINE GRAINED SOIL USING INDEX PROPERTIES
Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2016 Yagyesh Narayan Shrivastava et al., 2016 Research Paper ISSN 2319-5991 www.ijerst.com Vol. 5, No. 1, February 2016 2016 IJERST. All Rights Reserved LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY
More informationDefinition 11/29/2011. Liquefaction Hazard to Bridge Foundations. Question 1. Will liquefaction occur? Mechanism of Liquefaction
Liquefaction Hazard to Bridge Foundations T. Leslie Youd, PhD NAE, Dist Mem ASCE, Hon Mem EERI Professor Emeritus, Civil Engineering Brigham Young University Provo, Utah, USA Statically stable void Effective
More informationImprovement mechanisms of stone columns as a mitigation measure against liquefaction-induced lateral spreading
Improvement mechanisms of stone columns as a mitigation measure against liquefaction-induced lateral spreading E. Tang Tonkin & Taylor Ltd, (formerly University of Auckland) R.P. Orense University of Auckland
More informationPerformance based earthquake design using the CPT
Performance based earthquake design using the CPT P.K. Robertson Gregg Drilling & Testing Inc., Signal Hill, California, USA Performance-Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Kokusho, Tsukamoto
More informationLIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENT OF INDUS SANDS USING SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY
Pakistan Engineering Congress, 69th Annual Session Proceedings 219 LIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENT OF INDUS SANDS USING SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY Sohail Kibria 1, M. Javed 2, Muhammad Ali 3 ABSTRACT A host of procedures
More informationCYCLIC AND MONOTONIC UNDRAINED SHEAR RESPONSE OF SILTY SAND FROM BHUJ REGION IN INDIA
ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, Paper No. 45, Vol. 41, No. 2-4, June-December 24, pp. 249-26 CYCLIC AND MONOTONIC UNDRAINED SHEAR RESPONSE OF SILTY SAND FROM BHUJ REGION IN INDIA T.G. Sitharam,
More informationPOSSIBILITY OF UNDRAINED FLOW IN SUCTION-DEVELOPED UNSATURATED SANDY SOILS IN TRIAXIAL TESTS
4 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering June 25-28, 2007 Paper No. 1289 POSSIBILITY OF UNDRAINED FLOW IN SUCTION-DEVELOPED UNSATURATED SANDY SOILS IN TRIAXIAL TESTS Toshiyuki
More informationAssessment of Risk of Liquefaction - A Case Study
Assessment of Risk of Liquefaction - A Case Study ASHWAI JAI Deptt. of Civil Engineering ational Institute Technology Kurukshetra-136119 IDIA ashwani.jain66@yahoo.com Abstract: - Catastrophic failures
More informationEvaluation of Geotechnical Hazards
Evaluation of Geotechnical Hazards by Geoffrey R. Martin Appendix B: Evaluation of Geotechnical Hazards Describes Evaluation Procedures Soil Liquefaction Soil Settlement Surface Fault Rupture Flooding
More informationEffect of Fines on Liquefaction Resistance in Fine Sand and Silty Sand
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Effect of Fines on Liquefaction Resistance in Fine Sand and Silty Sand Meraj Ahmad Khan 1, Dr M. Z. Khan 2 Mohd Bilal Khan 3 1 Research Scholar, Civil Engg Department, integral
More informationSome Observations on the Effect of Initial Static Shear Stress on Cyclic Response of Natural Silt from Lower Mainland of British Columbia
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 215 Christchurch, New Zealand Some Observations on the Effect of Initial Static Shear Stress on Cyclic Response of Natural
More informationCYCLIC SOFTENING OF LOW-PLASTICITY CLAY AND ITS EFFECT ON SEISMIC FOUNDATION PERFORMANCE
4 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering June 25-28, 27 Paper No. 149 CYCLIC SOFTENING OF LOW-PLASTICITY CLAY AND ITS EFFECT ON SEISMIC FOUNDATION PERFORMANCE Daniel B. Chu
More informationAn application of liquefaction hazard evaluation in urban planning
An application of liquefaction hazard evaluation in urban planning Clive Anderson Principal Geotechnical Engineer, URS New Zealand Limited, 287 Durham Street, Christchurch, New Zealand Tim McMorran Senior
More information