UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC TIME

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1 Name: Date: Period: UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC TIME The earth is 4.6 billion years old. That s a long time! The scale of geologic time is so different from what human beings experience that it s often quite difficult to comprehend. In this activity, you ll be gaining a sense of just how long 4.6 billions years is and what has happened on earth in that time. Examine the geologic time scale below and answer the following questions. 1. How are the three time scales above related to each other? 2. Relative to the overall age of the earth, approximately what percentage of earth s existence was in the Precambrian eon (many people mistakenly call this an era instead)? Show your math work.

2 Follow this link to a geologic Tour Through Time. Use the information at this site as well as prior knowledge to answer the following questions and label your geologic time scale appropriately. 3. Geologically, what was happening on earth in the beginning of the Precambrian? 5. After the Precambrian, the next three eras are known as the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. You can think of these are the old age, middle age, and current age. During this period of time, the land has cooled enough to support more permanent rocks and sea level rose and fell quite a bit. 6. Briefly summarize the highlights of the following Periods of time: a. Cambrian & Ordovician periods: Was there any life at this time? 4. Single-celled organisms called prokaryotes are first recorded on earth how many years ago? You can find this information in the Precambrian Photo Gallery. Explore some of the Cambrian/Ordovician Label this event neatly on the geologic time scale on the front of this page. You might want to do this part in pencil. What is a eukaryote and when did it form? b. Silurian & Devonian periods: The first animals (multicellular organisms) evolved 700 million years ago. What were those animals like? Explore some of the Silurian/Devonian Label both of these events neatly on the geologic time scale.

3 c. Carboniferous period (in North America, this period is broken into the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian periods): 8. Pangaea formed about 260 million years ago. Neatly label that on your time scale. Do you think Pangaea the first supercontinent? Do you think it will be the last? Explain. Explore some of the Carboniferous 9. The Mesozoic era is known as what? The three time periods in the Mesozoic era are what (in order from oldest to youngest)? d. Permian period: What types of plants evolved during the Mesozoic? What type of animals ruled the earth during the Mesozoic? Explore some of the Permian Explore some of the Mesozoic animals/plants in the Photo Gallery. Describe one of your choice. 7. On the geologic time scale, neatly label the periods by the titles listed below. Cambrian & Ordovician: explosion of life Silurian: life on land Devonian: age of fishes Carboniferous: great swampy forests Permian: beginning of age of reptiles 10. Pangaea started breaking up at the end of the Triassic. Neatly label it on the geologic time scale.

4 11. The dinosaur Stegosaurus lived 160 million years ago, while Tyrannosaurus lived 65 million years ago. Do you think the two of them ever met? 16. Find the Homosapien on the Quaternary landscape. When did Homosapians appear? Neatly label this on the geologic time scale. 17. What is a Hominid? Neatly label both animals on your geologic time scale. 12. The Tertiary Period is known as what? 13. Why do you think there was an explosion of mammals during this period? When did Hominids appear? Neatly label this on the geologic time scale. 18. What is a mass extinction? How many mass extinctions have their been since the beginning of Earth? Explore some of the Tertiary animals/plants in the Photo Gallery. Describe one of your choice. 19. When was the first mass extinction and why 14. The Tertiary period is part of the Cenozoic era, what other time period comprises the Cenozoic era? What epoch and period do we live in (look at the geologic time scale)? 20. When was the second mass extinction and why 15. What happened to the climate during the Quaternary Period?

5 21. When was the third mass extinction and why 23. When was the fifth mass extinction and why 22. When was the fourth mass extinction and why What evidence is there for this mass extinction? 24. Describe the sixth mass extinction and why it s occurring? 25. Mark with a red pencil the mass extinctions on your geologic time scale.

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