Geomorphic Assessment of the Middle and Lower Swan Lake Watershed, Calhoun Division of Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge.

Transcription

1 Geomorphic Assessment of the Middle and Lower Swan Lake Watershed, Calhoun Division of Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge Report Figures 33

2 34

3 Figure 1. Location of Middle and Lower Swan Lake watersheds in Calhoun County, Illinois 35

4 Figure 2. Physiographic divisions of Illinois 36

5 Figure 3. Thickness of loess deposits in Illinois and Calhoun County (ISGS,????) 37

6 Figure 4. Surficial deposits in Illinois and Calhoun County (ISGS,????) 38

7 Figure 5. Geology of Hardin and Brussels Quadrangles (Rubey, 1952) 39

8 Figure 6. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Middle and Lower Swan Lake watersheds 40

9 Figure 7a. Stream gradients for Metz, Lower Metz, and Deer Plain Creeks: a) slope per 100 meters 41

10 Figure 7b. Stream profile for Metz, Lower Metz, and Deer Plain Creeks: b) elevation profile 42

11 Figure 8. Landform Sediment Assemblage (LSA) Units for Middle and Lower Swan Lake watersheds 43

12 160 Annual Precipitation 11-year Moving Average 120 Precipitation (cm) Figure 9 Annual precipitation, , at St. Charles, MO Wet Season (11-yr Moving Average) Dry Season (11-yr Moving Average) 60 Precipitation (cm) Figure 10. Annual precipitation for wet and dry seasons, , at St. Charles, MO 44

13 32,000 28,000 Calhoun County NASS Data ,000 Land Cover Area (hectares) 20,000 16,000 12,000 Includes 1999 NASS catagory "Non-Agricultural" 8,000 4,000 0 Corn Sorghum Soybeans Pop. Or Orn. Corn Winter Wheat W. Wht./Soy. Dbl. Crop Oats Alfalfa Misc. Vegs. & Fruits Herbs Clover/Wildflowers Fallow/Idle Cropland Pasture/Grass Woodland Peaches NLCD - Open Water NLCD - Developed/Open Space NLCD - Developed/Low Intensity NLCD - Developed/Medium Intensity NLCD - Developed/High Intensity NLCD - Barren NLCD - Deciduous Forest NLCD - Evergreen Forest NLCD - Mixed Forest NLCD - Grassland Herbaceous NLCD - Pasture/Hay NLCD - Woody Wetlands NLCD - Herbaceous Wetlands Figure 11. NASS land cover categories for 1999 and 2008 in Calhoun County 45

14 12,500 10,000 Calhoun County (IAS Data) Corn for Grain Barley Hay, All Oats Sorghum for Grain Soybeans Wheat, All Crops Harvested (hectares) 7,500 5,000 2, Figure 12. Crops harvested from in Calhoun County from IAS 46

15 Metz Creek L. Metz Creek Deer Plain Creek 70 Land Area (Percent) Corn Soybeans Winter Wheat W. Wht./Soy. Dbl. Crop Other Crops Fallow/Idle Cropland Pasture/Grass Woodland NLCD - Open Water NLCD - Open Space NLCD - Developed NLCD - Deciduous Forest NLCD - Grassland Herbaceous NLCD - Pasture/Hay NLCD - Woody Wetlands NLCD - Herbaceous Wetlands Figure 13. Percent land area for 2008 NASS land cover categories in Middle and Lower Swan Lake watershed 47

16 Figure 14. Map of NASS land cover categories for

17 Figure 15. Stream channel planform and Swan Lake open-water shoreline for 1940 and

18 Figure 16. Historic stream channel and open-water shoreline planforms around Swan Lake: a) 1904 Woermann map and b) 2009 NAIP imagery 50

19 Figure 17. Representative cross-section of Swan Lake bed elevations in 1904 and 1994 [Source: Illinois State Water Survey, Demissie (1996)] 51

20 Figure 18. Land in orchards for Metz, Lower Metz, and Deer Plain Creek watersheds: a) in 1940 and 2007 and b) in 1940 and 2007 by elevation 52

21 Figure 19. Location of field survey stations for Metz, Lower Metz, and Deer Plain Creeks 53

22 Station # Sheet #: Date: Crew: Site Coordinates: Pictures: U/S D/S X-section LB RB Pattern: Meandering Straight Braided Drainage Ditch** Field Measurements: BHS Note # CHANNEL-STABILITY RANKING SCHEME* Samples: Reach length: Est. Reach Slope: Avg channel widths: (top) (bottom) Avg/Max channel depth: / LB angle (avg): RB angle (avg): Primary bank material: Primary bed material: (See #1) (GP=gravel; SP=sand; ML=silt; CL=clay; BR=bedrock) 1. Primary bed material Bedrock Boulder/Cobble Gravel Sand Silt/Clay Bed Protection a) Yes OR 0 #Banks b) No (with) Protection One (L or R) Both Degree of floodplain separation**/incision (Relative elevation of "normal" low water; 0-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% % Degree of constriction (Relative decrease in top-bank width from up to downstream) 0-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% % Streambank erosion (Each bank over reach length) None Fluvial Mass wasting (failures) Left Right Stream bank instability (Percent of each bank failing over reach length) 0-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% % Left Right Established woody vegetative cover (Percent of each bank face over reach length) 0-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% % Left Right Occurrence of bank/bar accretion (Percent of each bank with fluvial deposition over reach length) 0-10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% % Left Right Stage of Channel Evolution (If applicable) I II III IV V VI OTHER OBSERVATIONS: Total Score: * Adapted from Kuhnle and Simon (2000) Figure 20. Channel-stability Ranking Scheme field form 54

23 BIOLOGICAL/HABITAT RANKING SCHEME (low gradient streams)* Station # Station Description: Date: Crew: Samples Taken: Pictures: U/S: LB RB Channel Bed D/S: LB RB LB Riparian Zone RB Riparian Zone 1. Availability of favorable habitat (snags, submerged logs undercut banks; average of LWD and detritus) >50% 30-50% 10-30% <10% Pool-substrate composition GP & firm SP Soft SP & ML-CL All ML-CL or All SP Hardpan/ Bedrock Pool-variability character Mix large/small & deep/shallow Majority large-deep pools Shallow pools more prevalent Majority smallshallow or absent Active streambed/bar deposition 0-20% 21-50% 51-80% % Streambed exposure 0-5% 5-25% 25-75% % Degree of hard channel alteration (channelization, dredging, embankments/shoring structures, gabion/cement) Channelization/dred ing absent Minor or historic 40-80% reach disrupted >80% Disrupted/ habitat altered (low). Sinuosity Straight (high). Pool-riffle sequence (% Pool + % Riffle) >80% 51-80% 20-50% <20% Bank Instability (Percent each bank failing) 0-5% 6-30% 31-60% % Left Right Vegetative Bank Protection (Bank face): >90% covered 70-90% cover 50-70% cover; <50% veg w/mix of veg. disruption obvious; bare patches disruption high Left Right Riparian-zone width (out from edge of water) >20m m 5-10 m <5m Left Right Total Score: Figure 21a. Biological/Habitat Ranking Scheme (low gradient) form 55

24 BIOLOGICAL/HABITAT RANKING SCHEME (high gradient streams)* Station # Station Description: Date: Crew: Samples Taken: Pictures: U/S: LB RB Channel Bed D/S: LB RB LB Riparian Zone RB Riparian Zone 1. Availability of favorable habitat (snags, submerged logs undercut banks; average of LWD and detritus) >70% 70-40% 40-20% <20% Embeddedness: Gravel, cobble, boulder % surrounded by fine sediment 0-25% 25-50% 50-75% >75% Velocity/Depth Regime: a) slow-deep, b) slow-shallow, c) fast-deep, d) fast shallow; (slow is <0.3 m/s, deep is >0.5 m) All 4 regimes present 3 of 4 regimes(if 'd' is missing,score lower 2 of 4 regimes (if 'd' and 'b' missing, score lower Dominated by 1 regime (usually 'a') Active streambed/bar deposition <5% 5-30% 30-50% >50% Streambed exposure 0-5% 5-25% 25-75% % Degree of hard channel alteration (channelization, dredging, embankments/shoring structures, gabion/cement) Channelization/dred ing absent Minor or historic 40-80% reach disrupted >80% Disrupted/ habitat altered (high). Pool-riffle sequence (% Pool + % Riffle) >80% 51-80% 20-50% <20% Bank Instability (Percent each bank failing) 0-5% 6-30% 31-60% % Left Right Vegetative Bank Protection (Bank face): >90% covered 70-90% cover 50-70% cover; <50% veg w/mix of veg. disruption obvious; bare patches disruption high Left Right Riparian-zone width (out from edge of water) >20m m 5-10 m <5m Left Right Total Score: Figure 21b. Biological/Habitat Ranking Scheme (high gradient) form 56

25 Figure 22. Channel Stability Index (CSI) distribution for Metz, Lower Metz, and Deer Plain Creeks 57

26 Figure 23. Biological/Habitat Index (BHI) distribution for Metz, Lower Metz, and Deer Plain Creeks 58

27 Figure 24. Channel-Stability and Biological/Habitat Index distributions for Metz, Lower Metz, and Deer Plain Creeks with corresponding stream segment identification. 59

28 Figure 25. Channel-Stability and Biological/Habitat Index and CEM profile for Metz Creek 60

29 Figure 26. Channel-Stability and Biological/Habitat Index and CEM profile for Lower Metz Creek 61

30 Figure 27. Channel-Stability and Biological/Habitat Index and CEM profile for Deer Plain Creek 62

31 Figure 28. Type of bank erosion for field survey sites and location of reach groups with mass wasting erosion 63

32 Figure 29. Percent of banks with active erosion for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 64

33 Figure 30. Percent of sediment accumulating on banks or stream bars for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 65

34 Figure 31. Percent of banks covered with woody vegetation for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 66

35 Figure 32. Percent of banks covered with vegetation for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 67

36 Figure 33. Width of riparian zone measured out from edge of water for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 68

37 Figure 34. Stage of Channel Evolution Model (CEM) for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 69

38 Figure 35. Bank Height for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 70

39 Figure 36. Channel width for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 71

40 Figure 37. Bank angle for field survey sites and location of mass wasting reach groups 72