Life on a Sterile Planet Results From a Pilot Study on Misconceptions of Mass Extinctions
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1 Life on a Sterile Planet Results From a Pilot Study on Misconceptions of Mass Extinctions Kyle Gray & Alexa Sedlacek Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Northern Iowa
2 Mass Extinctions - Scientific Definition Marine biodiversity Three Faunal Groups Big 5 Mass Extinctions Sepkoski, 1997
3 Mass Extinction Contributing Factors Climate Change Cooling and warming LIPS volcanism Siberian Traps Deccan Traps CAMP Volcanism Bolide Impacts
4 Pilot Study Open-Ended Survey Define a ME. When did you first learn about MEs? How many MEs have there been? What causes MEs? If you travel back in time, what would it look like?
5 Pilot Study Administered to Earth History (18 30 students/semester) Earth & Environmental Sci Majors Biology Science Teaching (about 30% of students)
6 # of Students Demographics 68 students F14, Sp15, Sp16 Female = 27, Male = Biology (all majors) 44% Teaching (all majors) Earth & Environmental Science 33% 20% Majors No Response 3% 0 Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Post Graduate No Response
7 First Learn Age and Context Preschool 1% Other 1% College 6% High School 15% Middle School 16% Elementary 60% When did you first learn about MEs? No Response = 1
8 First Learn Age and Context How did you first learn about MEs? Media History Channel Discovery Channel Science Documentary Other Field Museum Ice Age, Mammoth, Dodo The apocalypse of 2011 Dinosaurs 52% Science Class 31% Other 6% Books 5% Media 6% No Response = 18
9 Causes Either an ice age, meteor, volcano eruption, just some big, lethal event that takes place that kills organisms. Some sort of mass climate change event changing the global temperature or atmosphere composition Disease, natural disaster, famine, starvation, poaching, meteor, bad environment, etc.
10 Meteor/Asteroid Climate Change Natural Disasters/Catastrophies Volcanic Eruption Environmental Change Disease/Famine Humans Atmospheric Changes Temperature Changes Changes Evolution/Adaptations Causes % of Respondents
11 How Many Mass Extinctions? 7 - Complete guess There have been five mass extinctions. I watch Cosmos. 42- the answer is always 42 I would guess in the ten-thousands. The term "mass extinction" seems kind of vague there have been many different types of mass.
12 # of Responses How Many Mass Extinctions? Participant Responses 100s 10,000s
13 What would you see afterwards? Other Adaptations Depends Life Plants/Small animals Ecosystems Few Organisms n = 98 codes # of Mentions 13
14 What would you see afterwards? Barren Land (aka The Desolation of Chicxulub) N =17 No vegetation. No animal life on hand or marine life Lots of barren wasteland A whole lot of nothing. A lot of volcanic ash maybe, some flooding, or even massive glaciers Little to no life with some life such as bacteria 14
15 What would you see afterwards? Carnage n =14 A lot of dead animals and empty habitats. It d probably be very eerie. A lot of carnage. Many bodies of organisms that perished. Lots of dead animals laying on the ground with forests of dead vegetation. Few Organisms n =11 Very few if any living organism, be it animal or plant life Only a few animals left on the planet, so I imagine it would be hard to find animals. 15
16 What would you see afterwards? Wrecked Ecosystems n =7 Lots of decomposition. Unbalanced ecosystems. Decrease in plant life There would be problems in the food chain. If they were herbivores there would be more vegetation Normal Ecosystems n =4 Nothing extremely different than what is normal. Just less animals who weren't able to make it through the event. 16
17 Biological View Of Extinction Depending on the mass extinction the view would vary. One of the first mass extinctions occurred when oxygen was produced in large enough quantities to be toxic to anaerobes. I would expect to see large amounts of species filling new niches. The more famous mass extinction occurred when an asteroid struck the Earth. I would expect to see more mammalian type creatures filling new niches. Alex Senior Biology 17
18 Conclusions Many students think MEs nearly sterilize the planet. (37% of participants) Concept initiated at an early age Dinosaurs are a gateway topic Few students understand how MEs can look normal Sample biased by upper-level biology students
19 Implications K-6 teachers need to understand MEs Emphasis in our El Ed content courses? Dinosaurs are a gateway topic Emphasize survivors when talking about MEs
20 Next Steps Broaden Sample to Non-Science Majors Participant Interviews Expand to Other Locations/Populations Best Teaching Practices Media/Film Studies
21 Questions?? Interested in collaborating? Contact Kyle Gray
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