THE SPECIES CROl 1 P PALi\IICOLA OF THE CE:\'I 'S LJ CHESJJ_L J (PSOCOPTERA: I, \CHFSI f JJD.\F)

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1 THE SPECIES CROl 1 P PALi\IICOLA OF THE CE:\'I 'S LJ CHESJJ_L J (PSOCOPTERA: I, \CHFSI f JJD.\F) In,tituto d'c Biología. l':\".\\1 Dcpa rt:tlll<cll t o de Zoología.-\parlado Poq;d 70-J:?\ th:jj() \kxico, D. F. \Uxtco Folia z,_ ntrnnolr!gira Jieximna Xo. -17: ~:>-:\:) (19tH)

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3 Two species of Lachesilla presently constitute the group "palmicola"" a peculiar unit within the genus, showing unique characters, absent in other groups of species. In my classification of Lachesilla (1974), this group was recognized as Species Group G, and its constituent species were temporarily designated as L. G-1 and L. G-2. As presently known, the group ocurrs on1y in southern Mexico, inhabiting dead hanging fronds of Brahea dulcis (Palmae) and, in a minar scale, dead leaves of Dasylirion longissimum (Liliaceae); the two species in the group are s1ender and pale colored, as an adaptation to their habitat. The purpose of this paper is to present a diagnosis of the group and todescribe the species assigned to it. The illustrations were made with the aid of a camera lucida; the measurements are given in mm and were taken with an ocular micrometer. The following abbreviations are us'ed for parts measured: FW: length of forewing; T: length of right posterior tibia; t1 and t 2 : length of first and second tarsomeres, right posterior 1eg; t 1 ct: number of ctenidia on t 1 ; 10: minimum distance between compound eyes on dorsal view of head; D: antera-posterior diameter of right compound eye on dorsal view of head; d: transverse diameter of right compound eye on dorsal view of head; PO: d/d. Unless otherwise indicated, the specimens studied were collected by the author. In the records, B. d. ancl D. l. stand for Brahea dulcis and Dasylirion longissimum respectively. SPECIES GROUP P ALMICOLA Diagnosis. Forewings slender, with conspicuous setae on veins and margin (Figs. 3, 15). Gonapophyses mesocaudal, with stout, very long setae (Figs. 9, 21). Ninth sternum broad, distinct1y pigmented (Figs. 9, 21). Subgenital plate (SGP) broad, setose, with a distinct, mesal, longitudinal band lacking setae (Figs. 14, 23). Lachesilla palmicola sp. n. Diagnosis. With a distinct, V-shaped head mark (Figs. 1, 2). Male parameres independent, hypandrium with two stout, strongly sclerotized 27

4 projectiom (Fig. 5). Female gonapophys es stout, (listally roundecl, with mmt setae longer than gonapophyses (Fig. 9). SGP with dense pilosity towanl pm terior margin ( Fig. H ). JJale. Co 1 or (in alcohol). Body white yellowish, compound eyes black, ocelli clear; with faint brown spots on vertex and a distinct, V-shaped, deep hrown mark: a bancl from each compound eye, around antennal fos,ae ancl clown through the postclypeus to epistomal sulcus (Figs. 1, 2). F!agellomeres 2-11 sligthly more pigmented than rest of the antenna. Thoracic lobes pale brown; wings hyaline, veins pale brown. Abdomen wbite creamish, with brown recldish segmenta! bands on tergum, more conspinwus latera!iy. ;vlorjjlwlogy. \Ving venation (Figs. 3, 4): pterostigma slightly wider di,tally, AP low; forewing with a row of setae on veins, (except Cu2); <;etae on surface of pterostigma and along wing margin from proximal end of pterostignn to Cu 1 a Hindwing glabrous. Hypandrium (Fig. 5) with a group of macrosetae on each sicle ancl with two stout projections extended posterior! y. Claspers apparently absent. Para mere; stout, indepemlent, terminally acuminate (Fig. 5). Paraprocts each with a short mesa! prong (Fig. 8); sensory fiels with 12 trichobothria. Epiproct approxim:ltely trapezoidal (Fig. 8), with a stout, truncate posterior projection and a Jnesal, longitudinal ridge. i\irasurements FW T tl t" t 1 ct lo D d 10/D PO 1 X 2.12R :J S.D. O.OH ~ :\' lo 10 lo lo lo Fenzale. Color (in alcohol). S ame as in the mal e.,vforphology. \Ving venation and wing pilosity as in the male. SGP (Fig. 1±), broad, setose, with 4 mesal macrosetae ami a distinct, g!abrous, longitudinal band. Field of setae dense towanl posterior border; anterior bonler with a median concavity and a sclerotized band parallel to thc concavity. Gonapophyses (Fig. 9) short, stout, slightly constricted in the 28

5 Figures 1-R. Structurcs oí" Lachcsilla fwlmicola sp. n. ( 6 ). rig. 1. Front s icw of head. Fig. 2. Lateral vicw of hcad. Fig. 3. Forcwing. Fig. 1. I-Iindwing. Fig. :). Hspandr'itnn and pararncres. Fig. 6. Lacinia] tip. Fig. 7. Elcw nth flagellomerc. Fig. 8. Section of clunium, right paraproct and cpiproct. Sralcs in mm. Figure 2 to sarne scalc as Fig. l. Fig. 3 to 'ame scalc as Fig. t Fig. 6 lo samc scale as Fig. 7.

6 middle, apically rounded and with thick, very long setae; most of the setae longer than the gonapophyses. Ninth sternum distinct. (Fig. 9), rounded anteriorly, with two small, mesa} protuberances, one to each side of midline. Paraprocts setose (Fig. 12), approximately pyramidal in outline, sentiory fields with 12 trichobothria. Epiproct setose (Fig. 10) rounded posteriorly. Measurements FW T IO D d IOJD PO X 2.ll ) S.D ) N lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo 10 Type locality. MExico: Puebla 20 km. NW of Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, (2 km. NW State line Oaxaca-Puebla), 1,950 m., 9.XI.l977, B. d., Holotype 0, allotype 5 paratypes 2 paratype> <: >, <: >, 0. Holotype, allotype and 3 paratypes <: >, deposited at the Insect Collection, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Departamento de Zoología, Apartado Postal , México 20, D. F. 1 0 and 1 <: > paratypes deposited at the collection of Dr. Edward L. Mockford, Illinois State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Normal, Illinois 61761, U.S.A., and 1 0 and 1 <: > paratypes deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de México. Apartado Postal México 18, D. F. Records. From type locality: 20.VIII.l973, B. d., 8 <: >, VIII.l975, B. d Oaxaca: 10 km. NW Huajuapan de León, 1,200 m., 5.VIII. 1975, D. l., 1 0, 1 <: >. ca. Huajuapan de León, 17.IX.1980, D. l. 3 <: >, H. Brailovsky. Morelos: Cañón de Lobos, 5 km. W Yautepec, 6.VIII.l977, 1,400 m., B. d., 4 0, 1 <: >. Guerrero: 8 km. N. Chilpancingo, 25.VIII.1958, 1t d., 17 0, 26 <: >, E. L. Mockford. Lachesilla caecilioides sp. n. ( ~) Diagnosis. Wings (Figs. 15, 16), more slender than in L. palmicola; pterostigma narrow, with few setae on surface, areola postica elongated, 30

7 ~ Figures Structures of Lachesilla palmicola sp. n, ( 'i' ). Figure. 9. Gonapophyses and ninth sternum. Fig. 10. Epiproct. Fig. 11. Sensilla on posterior border ol labrum. Fig. 12. Right paraproct. Fig, 13. Prctarsal claw. Fig. 14. Subgenital plate. Scales in mm. Figs. 10, 12 and 14 to same scale as Fig. 9, Fig. 13 to same scale as Fig. 11.

8 lowcr than in L palrnirola. Gonapophyses (Fig. 21) with fewer statc than in L. fhillllicola. :\"inth -,ternum (Fig. 21) with distinct, strongly pigmentecl arca anteriorly, s!ightly concave in the micldle. SGP (Fig. 23) with longitudinal glahrous band wicler than in L. jjalrnicola. Fcmale. Color (in alcohol). Bocly white creamish. Compouncl eyes black, ocelli dear: with fain brown spots on vertex. Flagellomeres, tibiae and tani slightly darker than rest of the body. A clark brown band from each c:ompound eye to frontal sulc:us, enclosing the antennal fossae; sicles of postc!ypeus pale hrown. Thoracic lobes lwncy-colorecl. \Vings hyalinc, vcins straw-colored. Abdomen white creamish. AforjJ!wlogy. \Vings (Figs. 15,16), slender, hindwing glahrous, forcwing with row of small setae on veins (exccpt Cu 2 ); ptcrostigma low, clongate, with few setae on surfac:c; sctae along wing margin, lrom anterior bonlcr of ptcrostigma lo con!! u en ce o[ Cu 2 -l A. AP low. SGP broad, setose (Fig. 23), with four me,al macrosetac anda clistinct, glabrous, longiludinal hand. Gonapophyses (Fig. 21) mcsocauclal, slencler, wi th thick, long 'ctac. N int h stern u m (Fig. 21) wi t h a stron:~ly pigmcnted anterior arca, slightly con ce ve in the micldlc; spcrmaporc approximatcly on center of the plate. Paraprocts articulated to c:lunium at encl nearer epiproct, 'etose (Fig. 24), sensory fielcls with 10-ll trichobothria. Epiproct setose (Fig. 22) clistally rounclccl. ;Hr ris11h'mcn/s. F\V T ti t" t,ct JO D el IOjD PO X 2.( Ui60 OA88 S.D. O.!Hi () =". ]() lo lo lo lo lo 10 lo TyjJe locality. ~IExico: Pucb!a: 20 km. N\V Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca (2 km. NW State line Oaxaca-Puebla), 1,950 m., 9.XI.l977, B. d. Holotype '?, 14 paratypcs '?. Holotype aml 10 paratypes deposited at the Imcct Collection, Instituto de Biología, Ul'\Al\f, Departamento de Zoología. Two paratypes depo-;itcd at the rollection of Dr. Edward L. l\lockforcl, lllinois S tate U ni versi ty, Departmcnt of Biological Sciences, Normal, 32

9 --- ~ 16 L 1.0 _j Figures Structures of Lachesilla caecilioides sp. n. ( < l ). Fig. 15. Forewing. l'ig. 16. Hindwing. l'ig. 17. Lacinia) tip. Fig. 18. Eleventh flagellomere. l'ig. 19. Pretarsal claw. Fig. 20. Scnsilla on posterior bordcr of labrum. Fig. 21. Gonapophyscs and ninth sternum. Fig. 22. Epiproct. Fig. 23. Subgcnital p1ate. Fig. 24. Lcft paraproct. Scales in mm. bg. 15 to samc sea le as Fig. 16. Figs. 17, 18 and 20 to same sea le as Fig. 19. Fig. 22 to same scale as Fig. 24.

10 Illinois 61761, U.S.A., ancl two paratypes ueposited at the Museo de Historia ~atural ele la Ciudad de México. Rccords. -:\IExico: Oaxaca: 10 km. N\V Huajuapan de León, 9.XI.l977, D. l., 3 <?. 8 km. SE l\"ochistlán, 2,100 m., 20.VII.l962. B. u., E. L. Mockford & F. Hill, 3 <?. 18.VIII.l968, B. d., E. L. Mockford & A. N. García Aldrete, 3 <?. IO.XI.l977, B. el. 59 <;>. 35 km. N. Telixthlahuaca, Rd. to B. d., 11 <;>. Guerrero: 4 km. E. Chilpancingo, 1,500 m., 25.X. 1973, B. Tehuacán, Puebla, ll.xi.l977. B. d., 11 <;>. Guerrero: 4 km. E. Chilpancingo, 1,500 m., 25.X.l973, B. d., 10 <;>. Comments. The presence of short setae on the forewing veim of Lachesilla was first noted by Bac!onnel (1949) in L. fusca; this author pointed out that this character is also founcl in the other large african species. In 1955, Badonnel describecl the pilosity on the forewing of L. latinerva, remarking that it is visible uncler stron~ magnification. García Aldrete (197'1) incorporated this character in his diagnosis of the genus, since it is found in all Lachesilla species, visible generally at magnifications not below 150 X. In the group "palmicola" the forewing setae are readily visible, as they are in the other genera of Lachesillidae; in Lachesilla, only other known species, L. marginata New and Thornton (1975), apparently belonging in the group "pedicularia", shows conspicuous setae along zones of the forewing margin. The pilosity of the gonapophyses, the glabrous longitudinal band on the SGP of both species, as well as the SGP pilosity and anterior concavity in L. jjalmicola are characters not shown in any other lachesillid. The combination of plesiomorph ancl apomorph characters in the group probably places it near the group "pedicularia". The distribution of both species is of interest in that they ocurr together in a band between 17 20' ancl l8 N; the present records show that north of the l8 N only L. palmicola ocurr, ancl south of l7 30'N only L. caecilioidcs is present. The records of the latter strongly suggest thelitoky. ABSTRACT A di~gnosis of the group "palrnicola" of the genus Lachcsilla is presented, ancl de;,criptions of its two constituent species are provided. One of the species is sexual ancl the other is probably parthenogenetic. Conspicuous characters in the group are the forewing pilosity and the presence of extremely long, thick setae on the gonapophyses. Both species occur in southern l\iexico and coincide in part of their range. The location of the types is inclicated in the clescriptions. 34

11 RESUMEN Se presenta una diagnosis del grupo "palmicola" del género Lachesilla así como descripciones de las dos especies que lo constituyen. Una de las especies es sexual y la otra es probab 1 emente partenogenética. Caracteres conspicuos en el grupo son la pilosidacl ele la ala anterior y la presencia de sedas muy largas y gruesas en las gonapófises. Ambas especies habitan en el sur ele México y coinciden en parte ele su ámbito geográfico. La localización ele los tipos se indica en las descripciones. REFERENCES BADONNEL, A Psocopteres de la Cote D'lvoire. Mission Paulian-Delamare (1945). Rev. Fr. Ent. 16(1): BADONNEL, A Psocoptercs de I'Angola. Pub/. Cult. Comp. Diam. Ang. No. 26: II GARCÍA ALDRETE, A. N A Classification Above Specie Leve! of the Genus Lachesilla Westwood (Psocoptcra: Lachesillidae). Folia Entamo/. Mex. 27: NEw, T. R. and l. W. B. THoRNTON Psocomorpha (Psocoptcra) collccted on rcccnt expeditions to South America. ]. Ent. (B). 44 (1):

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