TECHNICAL STUDIES. rpsgroup.com/energy

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1 TECHNICAL STUDIES

2 RPS Energy - a global energy consultancy RPS Energy is part of the RPS Group plc, a FTSE 250 company with an annual turnover of $700m and over 4700 employees. As one of the world s leading suppliers of independent commercial advisory services, project management and transaction support for the energy sector, we carry out projects a year for clients including Governments, NOCs, IOCs, Independents, and Financial Institutions worldwide.

3 RPS Energy has worked in almost every petroleum basin in the world, undertaking projects ranging from niche specialist work to large multi-disciplinary E&P studies. This mix of experience and expertise comes from a highly-experienced staff and associates resource base, comprising a wide range of surface and sub-surface disciplines. All work is supported by industry standard software packages, complemented by or own proprietary specialist tools. Geology and Geophysics RPS expertise can be applied at any point in the life of an asset, from exploration to production. Our geoscientists include seismic processors, seismic interpreters; geophysicists; geologists; plus the specialist technical disciplines of petrophysics, sedimentology and biostratigraphy. This expertise can be delivered either by an individual specialist or by an integrated team, providing our clients with tailored support for both integrated and specialist projects. Many of our staff have worked within operating oil companies and have the technical and commercial overview to ensure that projects are properly resourced and deliverables provided on time, whilst others are dedicated experts in their chosen field. Quantitative Geophysics RPS offer a full and flexible interpretative service that can be focused on prospect identification, prospect evaluation, well planning or field development. n Post-stack seismic analysis n Pre-stack amplitude analysis (AVO/AVA) n Acoustic impedance inversion n Elastic impedance inversion n Reservoir characterisation from inversion attributes n Quality control of outsourced geophysical studies n Review of historical studies n Technical advice Basin Studies and Regional Reports RPS offers a wide range of sub-surface expertise and experience that can be applied to integrated regional and basin studies for both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Our geoscience team includes interpreters, geophysicists, geologists, plus expertise in the specialist technical disciplines of GIS, basin modelling, petrophysics, sedimentology and biostratigraphy. Services are typically delivered by an integrated team to provide our clients with a level of support for both integrated and specialist projects that is second to none. Our services include: n Integrated basin studies n Stratigraphic and structural studies n Non-exclusive studies n Thermal history reconstruction and basin modelling n Prospect mapping and evaluation

4 Prospect Generation RPS has extensive experience of regional through to reservoir-scale structural and stratigraphic interpretation and mapping, integrating both 2D and 3D seismic data with well and other information. At the regional scale, we combine geological knowledge and specialist expertise to review basins and play fairways, setting licence areas and assets in a regional context. At the prospect and reservoir scale, we pay close attention to the integration of analytical and interpretational disciplines. Our geologists and geophysicists work closely with our biostratigraphic, sedimentological and petrophysical specialists to develop a thorough understanding of each of the elements of the petroleum system. This allows us to define prospects and assess the range of possible volumes together with their associated risk. Biostratigraphy Biostratigraphic expertise is provided by our Specialist Geology group, which includes microfossil, nannofossil and palynological experts, with a proven track record gained through 30 years oil industry experience. We have a global footprint but with particularly extensive experience in West Africa, East Africa, North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean, East Europe, the Eastern Sea Board of Canada, northern Latin America, the Indian Subcontinent, the UKCS and Norway, and currently we are working extensively in the emerging markets in Brazil and Kurdistan. Our team offers expertise in: n Micropalaeontological, nannofossil and palynological analysis with full laboratory support n Wellsite biostratigraphy, with a capability of shipping portable palynological units worldwide Sequence Stratigraphy Well-log sequence stratigraphy involves the integration of the biostratigraphic, lithofacies and wireline data for the identification of candidate flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries and definition of systems tracts. This interpretive process can be used on a broad exploration-level for correlation of well sections within a basin/region or at appraisal/ development level to better define correlation at the field or reservoir scale.

5 Sedimentology Our Specialist Geology group also includes a team of sedimentologists and petrologists, who provide support for multi-disciplinary RPS projects, as well as working on specialist sedimentology/petrology projects. The team includes siliciclastic and carbonate experts who have worked on rocks of all geological ages from the Cambrian to the Recent. We have worked around the globe but have particular experience of North Africa, East Africa and the UK Continental Shelf. We provide a range of service and skills including: n Core logging and sedimentological interpretation n Facies and palaeoenvironmental analysis n Thin section petrography n XRD and SEM as petrographic back-up n Image analysis, stable isotope analysis and burial history Petrophysics RPS has a specialist team of experienced Petrophysicists working within integrated multi-disciplinary teams to provide formation evaluation products key to all exploration, development and reservoir characterisation projects. RPS has extensive global experience in evaluating both carbonate and clastic reservoirs and our petrophysicists, with their geoscience and engineering counterparts, provide accurate solutions to developing challenging reservoirs. The team can provide expertise in all aspects of formation evaluation including : n Open hole and cased hole log interpretation n Interpretation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance data and can provide acquisition and processing support n Electrofacies models which are constrained and calibrated to sedimentological and core information Geomodelling RPS constructs static geocellular models which involve integration of the available seismic and well data. The input to static geological models is provided by integrated teams. Models can be produced in a variety of industry standard software. Enhanced reservoir description may be achieved through the use of geostatistical techniques. Geological models are commonly up-scaled for dynamic simulations.

6 Reservoir Engineering RPS can undertake a range of reservoir engineering studies for prospects, discoveries and producing fields using both analytical techniques and reservoir simulation. Examples include development planning, reservoir assessments and specialist EOR studies. We have experts in compositional and black oil reservoir simulation, as well as the core reservoir engineering skills, reservoir fluid characterisation, well test analysis and development planning. Specialist Reservoir Engineering Examination of field portfolios for development options and/or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques is simplified using RPS MAESTRO software and other screening tools. Preliminary analytical automated screening is combined with rapid multi-purpose simulation, to identify viable field/process combinations and carry out first pass optimisation of EOR techniques. With over 30 years experience in EOR, RPS is also well placed to perform full field and detailed EOR studies of both gas and chemical processes. As well as commercially available software, RPS has its own chemical simulator and has extensive experience of modelling gas and chemical processes including CO 2 storage and EOR. Production and Well Engineering RPS provides expert advice on production engineering and well design covering well construction; completion design; reservoir surveillance and stimulations; and production and operations engineering including Field Development Plans, facilities design and concept selection through to eventual decommissioning. Integrated Field Studies RPS Energy has extensive experience of performing integrated field studies. Outcrop studies, seismic interpretation, rock physics, sedimentology, fracture studies, petrophysics, reservoir zonation and depositional studies are brought together to build a static reservoir model. Dynamic modelling incorporates fluid data, SCAL, well test data, fluid contacts, pressure and production data to create a history matched model which can be used to generate future production forecasts. RPS expertise includes complex history matching and both manual and assisted history matching.

7 Specialist Geology Geology Geophysics Structural Integrity STATIC MODELLING Petrophysics Reservoir Dynamic Characterisation DYNAMIC MODELLING Test Analysis PVT Reservoir Engineering EOR Optimisation FIELD DEVELOPMENT Production Engineering Well Engineering Economic Evaluations

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