Unit 4. Section 1. Continental drift and plate tectonics

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Unit 4. Section 1. Continental drift and plate tectonics"

Transcription

1 Unit 4 Section 1 Continental drift and plate tectonics

2 When the continents were first mapped, what do you think people noticed?

3 Theory of Continental Drift Alfred Wegener ~1915, German Meteorologist Proposed that continents had once been together as a supercontinent Pangaea called

4 Theory of Continental Drift The belief was the continents just drifted through the ocean floor making mountains There was no known mechanisms for the movement Wegener proposed it was the s rotation and lunar gravitational forces earth

5 Evidence: Theory of continental drift 1. The fit of the continents Continental coastlines appear to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. For example, South America and Africa.

6 Evidence: Theory of Continental Drift 2. Fossil Correlation Fossils of similar organisms found in matching fossil beds on different continents. G. South America and Africa. E.g. Fossil fern plant (Glossopteris) and an aquatic reptile (Mesosaurus). E.

7 Evidence: Theory of Continental Drift 3. Rock Types Type of rock on neighboring continents, shield areas, line up. E.G. Shield area of South America and of Africa line up.

8 Evidence: Theory of Continental Drift 4. Structural Similarities On neighboring continents, structural similarities such as folded mountains line up. E.g. The Appalachian Mountains and Caledonian Mountains.

9 Evidence: Theory of Continental Drift 5. Paleoclimate Evidence of previous climates match up along the continents E.g s: Glacial deposits, Coal deposits and Glacial striations

10 Continental Drift evidence - paleoclimate A) Glacial deposits found in South America, Africa, India, and Australia line up.

11 Continental Drift evidence - paleoclimate B) Coal deposits that form in tropical swamps line up on different continents.

12 Continental Drift evidence - paleoclimate C) Glacial striations in South America and Africa line up where continents are reunited.

13 All this Evidence!! But no accepted mechanism to cause the drifting Wegener's reasoning of lunar and earth spin were overall rejected

14 Paradigm Shift - A new Theory New Technology gave way to new knowledge and a new theory Continental Drift (1915) Plate Tectonics (1960 s) * Required contributions from many scientists data collection from technological devices.

15

16

17 The Evolution of a theory through Scientists Complete the names and contributions section of the table for each scientist in your notes Scientist Contribution

18 Frank Taylor Contribution: 1910 Explained the formation of the Himalayan Mountains by moving continents (no evidence given) He was an American rich boy, funded by his father and came up with a lot of ideas that Wegener used a few years later - many ideas were not used until the 60 s

19 Alfred Wegener Contribution: 1915 Proposed the theory of continental drift (evidence given, but no mechanism provided). Proposed, Pangea Wegener was a meteorologist/geophysicist who studied the arctic. In fact he was one of the first to go inland the greenland glacier, ice drills and use pre-ski doo's. He died on an expedition, his partner and notebook have never been found.

20 Alexander DuToit Contribution: 1937 Proposed that Earth s continents would fit more closely together at the continental margins A South African Geologist. He traveled between south Africa and south America and found significant geology between the two. He proposed Gondwanaland and Laurasia.

21 Arthur Holmes Contribution: 1950s Proposed the existence of a mechanism for movement; mantle convection A british geologist who went on several (failed) expeditions to Africa (one in which he was reported dead by malaria). He continued to study and report and eventually became chair of geology at the university of Edinburgh.

22 Harry Hess and Robert Dietz Contribution: 1960s Proposed the theory of seafloor spreading Both American Geologists dealing with oceanography. Science till the end, Hess died from a heart attack while chairing a National Science meeting. Dietz was an outspoken evolutionist and also studied meteorite impacts.

23 What do these findings mean so far? Convection currents, seafloor spreading: a mobile earth The explanation for why the continents were moving! -But still issues left to be dealt with by other scientists.

24 Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews Contribution: 1963 Proposed the idea of magnetic reversals as evidence to support the theory of seafloor spreading Both British scientists, Vine was Matthew's research student they also recognized a canadian scientist (who came up with similar ideas at the time) Vine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis

25 J. Tuzo Wilson Contribution: Proposed the existence of plates on Earth s surface as a result of mapping the world s volcanoes and earthquakes. He also proposed the existence of transform faults along plate boundaries; and that stationary hotspots in Earth s mantle caused volcanism within plates A Canadian! Many awards

26 Xavier Le Pichon and Dan McKenzie Contribution: 1970s Proposed the actual theory of plate tectonics Le Pichon was a french(born in vietnam) geophysicist, Mackenzie a british geophysicist. Pichon is known for the model of plate tectonics, which Mckenzie is known for the principals of plate tectonics.

27 Scientific knowledge evolved Each of these scientists studied, worked and re-worked the known scientific knowledge of the time. Creating the Theory of plate tectonics that we know today.

28 The Mechanism of continental Movement Alfred Wegener Vs. Arthur Holmes Alfred Wegener The moon s tidal influence (gravity)was strong enough to cause a westward motion of the continents. large, sturdier continents broke through the oceanic crust much like an ice breaker. Arthur Holmes Convection currents in the Earth s upper mantle (asthenosphere) were moving the continents. Seafloor spreading provided the link between Holmes s mantle convection and plate tectonics theory.

29 Continental Drift Worksheet

30 Plate Tectonic Theory - What is it? Continents and the ocean floor move due to forces in the asthenosphere ( upper mantle). NO SUCH THING AS DRIFTING! Theory of Plate Tectonics States: Earth s crust is divided into approximately twenty (21) rigid slabs called tectonic plates. These tectonic plates are in continuous slow motion relative to each other.

31

32 Plate Tectonic Theory - Plate Facts Tectonic Plate: a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock. (of the lithosphere). Boundaries: The edges of tectonic plates. Plate Composition: - Oceanic crust only or - Oceanic crust is mostly Mafic. Made of basalt (lava) and gabbro (magma). - Oceanic and continental crust. - Continental crust is largely Felsic. Made of rhyolite (lava) and granite (magma).

33

34 Plate Tectonic Theory - What Causes it? Convection Currents in the mantle. Material moves up at ridges and moves away in opposite directions moving the ocean floors and continents. The continents are carried along on top like a conveyor belt. When plates collide mountain ranges are forced up. Motion of plates explains occurrence of: earthquakes and volcanoes and formation of mountain ranges

35

36 Types of Plate Boundaries What happens when 2 plate boundaries meet depends on the motion of the plates and the type of plates that meet. 3 types: 1. Divergent 2. Transform 3. Convergent a. b. c. Continent - continent collision Continent - ocean collision Ocean ocean collision

37 Divergent Plate Boundaries The place where two plates move apart. Plates move apart due to rising magma from the asthenosphere Tensional forces pull the two ridges apart Ex. Mid Atlantic Ridge, East Pacific Rise, East African Rift

38 Divergent Plate Boundaries Ocean Ridges: When divergent boundaries are on the ocean floor they are called ridges. New ocean floor is created (seafloor spreading, igneous volcanic rock basalt) Rift valleys: They are deep faulted structures found along the part of divergent plate boundaries. They can develop on the seafloor or on land.

39 Ex: East African Rift

40 Ex: Mid Atlantic Ridge

41 Transform Plate Boundaries Where two plates grind past each other without the production or destruction of the lithosphere. No vertical movement. *Shear force causes plate to grind past each other *Site of frequent earthquake activity *Often found between divergent and convergent plate boundaries Ex. San Andreas Fault in California Alpine Fault in New Zealand *In 1965, Canadian, J. Tuzo Wilson proposed the existence of transform faults to explain narrow fracture zones and earthquakes found in the crust.

42 Ridges are not totally linear! Transform faults often link divergent and convergent plate boundaries!

43 San Andreas Fault California

44 Haiti

45 Convergent Plate Boundaries Where two plates move together. (with three types) One plate is consumed into the mantle. It descends beneath the overriding plate. This is called subduction (subduction zone). Ocean trenches are formed. Old crust is destroyed at these boundaries. Some can be really deep. *Compressional forces cause the plates to move together. * Look at directions on convection currents. *Frequent volcanic and earthquake activity

46

47 Pacific Ocean Floor: Look at the Aleutian Trench

48 Question: WHY IS THE EARTH NOT GETTING ANY BIGGER?

49 Question: WHY IS THE EARTH NOT GETTING ANY BIGGER? Volcanism at divergent plate boundaries create new ocean crust. BUT Subduction zones at convergent plate boundaries destroy old ocean crust. ***RECYCLING OF CRUST!***

50 3 Types of Convergent Plate Boundaries There are 2 types of plates (made of different rock, so different densities) So there are three different types of convergent boundaries 1. Ocean-Ocean 2. Continental-Continental 3. Ocean-Continental

51 Three Types of Convergent Plate Boundaries: 1) Ocean Ocean Collisions Two ocean plates move together (both of near equal density), The older, colder, denser plate is subducted into asthenosphere *Ocean trenches and island arcs are formed at these boundaries. Note: Subducting plate is basaltic. Subducting sediments are granitic. Mix the two and the result is andesitic magmas and lavas (diorite and andesite). Examples: Japan arc, Japan, Mariana Arc, Philippines, Aleutian Arc, Aleutian Islands.

52

53

54 Japan

55 Aleutians and Kuriles

56 Pacific Ring of Fire

57 Three Types of Convergent Plate Boundaries: 2) Ocean Continent Collisions An ocean plate and a continental plate move together. The more dense oceanic plate sinks into the asthenosphere. Lithosphere is destroyed (ocean plate melts) the magma rises and melts. If it gets to the surface it makes violent volcanic eruptions. The basaltic mantle and basaltic oceanic crust melts together with continental rocks (granitic) to produce granitic magma and lava (granite and rhyolite). Ex. Andes Mountains and Rocky Mountains

58 Andes Mts.

59 Rocky Mountains

60 Ocean Continent Convergent Boundary If the subduction occurs beneath continental crust, a continental volcanic arc is produced.

61 Three Types of Convergent Plate Boundaries: 3) Continent Continent Collisions Two continental plates to move together. Because of the low density of continental crust neither plate will subduct and the two plates ram into one another forming mountains. Ex. Alps, Himalayas, Appalachians (in NL), Urals

62

63 Himalayas

64 Mountains and Convergent Plate Boundaries 1) Ocean Continent Convergent Boundary The Andes Mountains in South America and the Rocky Mountains in Western Canada are examples. 2) Continent Continent Convergent Boundary The Himalayas are an example

65

66

67 Plate Boundaries Worksheet

68 Evidence For Plate Tectonics Six Pieces of Evidence: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Earthquakes and Volcanoes Paleomagnetism Polar wandering Magnetic Reversals and Seafloor Spreading Ocean Drilling Hot Spots

69 1) Earthquakes and Volcanoes Earthquakes and volcanoes occur along belts. These belts mark the locations of Plate Boundaries.

70 DOTS = LOCATIONS OF EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES

71 Wadati-Benioff zone Hugo Benioff suggested that earthquake patterns shows a plate subducting (sinking) into the mantle. Wadati-Benioff Zone Pattern: *Only Shallow earthquakes along the ocean ridge *Deeper earthquakes as you move inland

72 2) Paleomagnetism (Fossil Magnetism) The Earth's magnetic field occasionally undergoes a spontaneous reversal in which the north and south poles switch In rocks, Iron-rich minerals become magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field at the time it cooled. If the rocks move or if the magnetic poles change, the rocks keep the direction of the magnetic poles at the time they formed.

73

74 3) Polar Wandering A plot of this magnetism showed that the magnetic pole appeared to change position considerably over the past 500 million years. Different continental rocks show dramatically different paths Either the magnetic pole had moved with time, known as polar wandering, or the rocks had moved, plate tectonics.

75 3) Polar Wandering The magnetic poles must correspond to geographic poles since Earth s magnetic field is generated in part by it s rotation on it s axis. Magnetic poles remain stationary, but can flip. The Apparent movement is produced by movement of continents. Therefore, the continents (and the plates they are on) must have moved.

76

77 4) Magnetic Reversals and Seafloor Spreading The earth s magnetic field reverses polarity (south becomes north and north becomes south). Lavas solidifying during a time of reverse polarity would display opposite magnetism as rocks forming today. Can be seen in: 1) successive lava flows on volcanoes; and 2) the basaltic rock making up the ocean floor (seafloor spreading).

78 The reversals can be tracked by a magnetometer on both sides of a divergent boundary This produces a mirror image that has helped in proving the seafloor spreading hypothesis Harry Hess s hypothesis was confirmed by geophysicists who mapped out periods of magnetic reversal as recorded in lava flows

79

80 5) Ocean Drilling Holes were drilled through sediments on ocean floor to the mafic rock (basalt) Fossils of microorganisms were dated to find the radiometric age of the sediments. The age of the sediment/basaltic rocks increased with increasing distance from the ridge (on both sides). Sediment thickness also increases in both directions away from the ridge. Supports sea floor spreading hypothesis which predicted youngest crust is found at the crest of the ridge and the oldest at the continental margins (Hess and Dietz 1960 s)

81

82 6) Hot Spots (i.e. intraplate volcanism) There are volcanic areas in the middle of plates that seem to go against the idea of plate tectonics at first glance. These hot spots often create island chains, that are formed in a line of consecutive volcanoes They are areas of concentrated heat in the mantle, capable of producing magma that in turn extrudes onto Earth s surface

83 6) Hot Spots *Canadian J. Tuzo Wilson, along with other scientists, proposed that there are hot spots not on plate boundaries. Each time the plate moves, the magma burns through to create a new volcanic island. Dates of the seamounts and islands shows that the age increases the farther away you go from Hawaii (and the hot spot). This confirms that the tectonic plates do move. Ex. Hawaiian Islands, Midway Islands, Yellowstone National Park

84

85 STSE - Plate Tectonics and Newfoundland ~ 600 million years ago, North America was part of a much larger supercontinent (Rodina). This supercontinent broke apart. A midocean ridge developed along the break and the Iapetus Ocean began to open.

86 STSE - Plate Tectonics and Newfoundland ~540 million years ago, the convection currents shifted and subduction began. A new supercontinent formed called Pangaea. The Appalachian Mountains were formed. Volcanoes were also occurring! These mountains still exist on NL, but are highly weathered and eroded.

87 STSE - Plate Tectonics and Newfoundland ~225 million years ago, the forces in Earth s mantle again reversed and slowly began to pull the continents apart again (divergent plate boundary again). The Atlantic Ocean began to open and is still opening (to the east of the island). North Americam Plate African Plate Left Behind New Divergent Boundary African Plate

88 The Geological Layout of Newfoundland - To know Western Zone Humber Zone Has been a part of the North American plate for at least the last billion years. Central Zone Remnants of island arcs and the ancient Iapetus ocean crust. Eastern Zone Central Mobile Belt Avalon Zone Once part of the African plate, which remained attached as Pangaea split 200 million years ago.

89 Geology of Labrador While the geology of the island of Newfoundland is easier to summarize, the geology of Labrador is quite complex due: to the size of the region and the immense age of the Canadian Shield.

90 Side Note Peridotite is an Ultramafic rock. It is mafic, and dense so should not be found on the surface. The tablelands in NL is covered in peridotite. It is thought to originate in the Earth's mantle and was forced up from the depths during a plate collision several hundred million years ago.

91 Section Assignment and Quiz

Plate Tectonics. Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition Chapter 15

Plate Tectonics. Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition Chapter 15 1 Plate Tectonics Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition Chapter 15 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Plate Tectonics: summary in haiku form Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later...

More information

Sir Francis Bacon, 1620, noted that the continental coasts on opposites sides of the Atlantic fit together like puzzle pieces.

Sir Francis Bacon, 1620, noted that the continental coasts on opposites sides of the Atlantic fit together like puzzle pieces. Plate Tectonics Sir Francis Bacon, 1620, noted that the continental coasts on opposites sides of the Atlantic fit together like puzzle pieces. Could North and South America once have been joined to Europe

More information

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent. Wegener proposed that the

More information

Continental Drift. & Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift. & Plate Tectonics Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener, a German scientist, proposed the hypothesis of CONTINENTAL DRIFT, in 1912. Hypothesis stated: All Earth s continents were once a single landmass (Pangaea)

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined

More information

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2 ND CANADIAN EDITION)

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2 ND CANADIAN EDITION) Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics Chapter Summary: Plate tectonics is a theory that suggests Earth's surface is divided into several large plates that change position and size. Intense geologic activity occurs

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Continental Drift. years ago? WEGENER S HYPOTHESIS

Directed Reading. Section: Continental Drift. years ago? WEGENER S HYPOTHESIS Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Continental Drift 1. Who obtained new information about the continents and their coastlines 400 years ago? 2. What did people notice when they studied new world

More information

Chapter 4: Plate Tectonics

Chapter 4: Plate Tectonics Chapter 4: Plate Tectonics K2 in the Himalaya, inset round submersible (beneath the submarine) that went to the Marianas Trench in 1960 http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/james-cameron-presents-record-setting-deep-sea-expedition-article-1.1215139

More information

Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds

Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Chapter 2 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Eleventh Edition Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Tarbuck and Lutgens From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics Prior to the

More information

PLATE TECTONICS. SECTION 17.1 Drifting Continents

PLATE TECTONICS. SECTION 17.1 Drifting Continents Date Period Name PLATE TECTONICS SECTION.1 Drifting Continents In your textbook, read about continental drift. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes each statement. 1. Early mapmakers thought

More information

Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17

Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17 Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17 Layers of the Earth A. Crust- solid, 5-70 km thick Moho Two Types of Crust: Oceanic- ocean floor, more dense then because of more iron Continental-dry land (mostly silicates

More information

5/24/2018. Plate Tectonics. A Scientific Revolution Unfolds

5/24/2018. Plate Tectonics. A Scientific Revolution Unfolds 1 Plate Tectonics A Scientific Revolution Unfolds 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics Prior to the late 1960s, most geologists believed that the

More information

Do Now: Vocabulary: Objectives. Vocabulary: 1/5/2016. Wegener? (Can they move?) the idea that continents have moved over time?

Do Now: Vocabulary: Objectives. Vocabulary: 1/5/2016. Wegener? (Can they move?) the idea that continents have moved over time? Do Now: 1. Who was Alfred Wegener? 2. What was Pangaea? 3. Are continents fixed? (Can they move?) 4. What evidence supports the idea that continents have moved over time? Objectives What evidence suggests

More information

Unit 11: Plate Tectonics

Unit 11: Plate Tectonics Unit 11: Plate Tectonics A. Alfred Wegner 1. Continental drift hypothesis a. single supercontinent called Pangaea b. 200 million years ago Pangaea (all land) began to break up and started drifting to their

More information

Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift

Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift Predecessor to modern plate tectonics Shape and fit of the continents was the initial evidence Snider-Pelligrini (1858) Taylor (1908) Wegner (1915) Fig.

More information

PLATE TECTONICS. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift- Wegener s Evidence

PLATE TECTONICS. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift. Continental Drift- Wegener s Evidence Continental Drift PLATE TECTONICS E.B. Taylor (1910) and Alfred Wegener (1915) published on Continental Drift. Continental Drift Wegener s evidence 1. Fit of the Continents 2. Fossil Evidence 3. Rock Type

More information

UNIT 11 PLATE TECTONICS

UNIT 11 PLATE TECTONICS UNIT 11 PLATE TECTONICS A. ALFRED WEGENER 1. Continental drift hypothesis Single supercontinent called Pangaea 200 million years ago Pangaea (all land) began to break up and started drifting to their present

More information

Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later...

Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later... CHAPTER 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Plate Tectonics: summary in haiku form Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later... Words Chapter Overview Much evidence supports plate tectonics

More information

Physical Geology, 15/e

Physical Geology, 15/e Lecture Outlines Physical Geology, 15/e Plummer, Carlson & Hammersley Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory Physical Geology 15/e, Chapter 19 Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Earth s surface is composed

More information

Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor

Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Chapter Overview Much evidence supports plate tectonics theory. The plate tectonics model describes features and processes on Earth. Plate tectonic science

More information

Refer to the map on page 173 to answer the following questions.

Refer to the map on page 173 to answer the following questions. Chapter 8-1 Plate Tectonics 1. Brainstorm the type of evidence that would indicate a climate change and how this evidence supports the theory of continental drift. Tropical fossils in cold regions Evidence

More information

Essentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition

Essentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition Chapter Chapter 1 2 Clickers Lecture Essentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Alan P. Trujillo Harold V. Thurman Chapter Overview Much evidence supports plate tectonics

More information

Plate Tectonics. And Plate Boundaries HORRAH!!!

Plate Tectonics. And Plate Boundaries HORRAH!!! Plate Tectonics And Plate Boundaries HORRAH!!! History of Plate Tectonics and Alfred Wegener In the 1500 s, a Dutch mapmaker, Abraham Ortelius noticed the continents across the Atlantic Ocean fit like

More information

The ACTIVE EARTH!!!!!

The ACTIVE EARTH!!!!! The ACTIVE EARTH!!!!! Continental Drift Theory Alfred Wegener meterologist and geophysicist who, in 1912, proposed this theory. He stated that earth s crust might be moving and changing & that the continents

More information

OCN 201 Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics. Question

OCN 201 Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics. Question OCN 201 Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics Question What was wrong from Wegener s theory of continental drift? A. The continents were once all connected in a single supercontinent B. The continents

More information

Section 1: Continental Drift

Section 1: Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Section 1 Section 1: Continental Drift Preview Key Ideas Wegener s Hypothesis Sea-Floor Spreading Paleomagnetism Wegener Redeemed Continental Drift (Pangaea) Plate Tectonics Section 1 Key

More information

Full file at

Full file at Chapter 2 PLATE TECTONICS AND PHYSICAL HAZARDS MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. What direction is the Pacific Plate currently moving, based on the chain of Hawaiian Islands with only the easternmost island

More information

Foundations of Earth Science Seventh Edition

Foundations of Earth Science Seventh Edition Chapter 5 Lecture Outline Foundations of Earth Science Seventh Edition Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Natalie Bursztyn Utah State University From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics

More information

Plate Tectonic Vocabulary Chapter 10 Pages

Plate Tectonic Vocabulary Chapter 10 Pages Name: Period: Plate Tectonic Vocabulary Chapter 10 Pages 239-260 Vocabulary Word What is this? What are some examples? What does it look like? (draw a picture or diagram) Continental drift Mid-ocean ridge

More information

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events.

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. 7-2 Alfred Wegener s Hypothesis of Continental Drift (1915) He noticed that the continents

More information

Chapter Overview. Evidence for Continental Drift. Plate Tectonics. Evidence for Continental Drift. Evidence for Continental Drift 9/28/2010

Chapter Overview. Evidence for Continental Drift. Plate Tectonics. Evidence for Continental Drift. Evidence for Continental Drift 9/28/2010 Chapter Overview CHAPTER 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Much evidence supports plate tectonics theory. Different plate boundaries have different features. Tectonic plates continue to move today.

More information

In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea.

In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea. Plate Tectonics In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea. Pangaea Landmass movements over millions

More information

EARTH S INTERIOR, EVIDENCE FOR PLATE TECTONICS AND PLATE BOUNDARIES

EARTH S INTERIOR, EVIDENCE FOR PLATE TECTONICS AND PLATE BOUNDARIES EARTH S INTERIOR, EVIDENCE FOR PLATE TECTONICS AND PLATE BOUNDARIES LAYERS OF THE EARTH Crust Inner Core Most Dense Solid Iron & Nickel Mantle Thickest layer Outer Core Liquid Iron & Nickel ANOTHER LOOK

More information

In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches the term or phrase.

In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches the term or phrase. Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Changing Continents 1. What is the result of slow movements of tectonic plates? RESHAPING EARTH S CRUST In the space provided, write the letter of the definition

More information

Ch 17 Plate Tectonics Big Idea: Most geologic activity occurs at the boundaries between plates.

Ch 17 Plate Tectonics Big Idea: Most geologic activity occurs at the boundaries between plates. Ch 17 Plate Tectonics Big Idea: Most geologic activity occurs at the boundaries between plates. 17.1 Drifting Continents 17.2 Seafloor Spreading 17.3 Plate Boundaries 17.4 Causes of Plate Motions Learning

More information

Plate Tectonics. A. Continental Drift Theory 1. Early development 2. Alfred Wegener s mechanism

Plate Tectonics. A. Continental Drift Theory 1. Early development 2. Alfred Wegener s mechanism Plate Tectonics A. Continental Drift Theory 1. Early development 2. Alfred Wegener s mechanism B. Seafloor Spreading 1. Earthquakes and volcanoes 2. Seafloor maps and dates 3. Continental drift revisited

More information

Introduction to Oceanography. Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics Overview

Introduction to Oceanography. Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics Overview Introduction to Oceanography Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics Overview Much evidence supports plate tectonics theory. The plate tectonics model describes features and processes on Earth. Plate tectonic science

More information

Chapter. Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc.

Chapter. Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc. Earth Chapter Plate Science 9 Tectonics Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc. 1 I. Earth s surface is made up of lithospheric plates. A. Lithospheric plates are composed of the crust and part of the upper

More information

Plate Tectonics. Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries

Plate Tectonics. Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries Continental Drift 1915, Alfred Wegener - Pangea hypothesis: suggested Earth s continents were part of a large super-continent 200

More information

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY Proof or crazy idea? CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY What is Continental Drift Theory? Continental drift theory (CDT): Alfred Wegener found all the continents were once together called

More information

Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it.

Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it. Ch 9.1 Notes Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it. Pangaea Alfred Wegener proposed that land on Earth formed a single, huge landmass.

More information

UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS

UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS CONTINENTAL DRIFT Alfred Wegner proposed the theory that the crustal plates are moving over the mantle. He argued that today s continents once formed a single landmass, called Pangaea

More information

12/3/2014. Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Earth Science, 13e Chapter 7. Continental drift: an idea before its time

12/3/2014. Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Earth Science, 13e Chapter 7. Continental drift: an idea before its time Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Earth Science, 13e Chapter 7 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Continental drift: an idea before its time Alfred Wegener First proposed

More information

Full file at

Full file at Essentials of Oceanography, 10e (Trujillo/Keller) Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all. A)

More information

4 Layers of the earth 7 main plates of the earth 3 main plate boundaries 2 types of crust 3 main features of plate tectonics 3 main theorists and

4 Layers of the earth 7 main plates of the earth 3 main plate boundaries 2 types of crust 3 main features of plate tectonics 3 main theorists and 4 Layers of the earth 7 main plates of the earth 3 main plate boundaries 2 types of crust 3 main features of plate tectonics 3 main theorists and theories Human interaction The Earth is made up of 3 main

More information

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events.

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. 7-2 Alfred Wegener s Hypothesis of Continental Drift (1915) ONE single landmass

More information

Questions and Topics

Questions and Topics Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Questions and Topics 1. What are the theories of Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift? 2. What is the evidence that Continents move? 3. What are the forces that

More information

Plate Tectonics. Earth has distinctive layers - Like an onion

Plate Tectonics. Earth has distinctive layers - Like an onion Plate Tectonics Earth has distinctive layers - Like an onion Earth s Interior Core: Metallic (Iron, Nickel) Inner (hot, solid, dense, Iron, Nickel) Outer (cooler, liquid, less dense) Crust (outermost layer):

More information

Chapter: Plate Tectonics

Chapter: Plate Tectonics Table of Contents Chapter: Plate Tectonics Section 1: Continental Drift Section 2: Seafloor Spreading Section 3: Theory of Plate Tectonics Continental Drift 1 Evidence for Continental Drift If you look

More information

Lecture 4.1 Continental Drift

Lecture 4.1 Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Chapter 4 California Science Content Standards Covered: Big Ideas 3A: Students know the features of the ocean floor that provide evidence of plate tectonics Mid Ocean Ridges (ex. Mid Atlantic

More information

Name Date Class. Plate Tectonics

Name Date Class. Plate Tectonics Chapter Review Plate Tectonics Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Write the term that matches each description below in the spaces provided. Then unscramble the letters in the boxes to reveal the mystery

More information

Alfred Wegener: continental drift theory Continents move around 200 mya Pangaea (pan = all, gaea= earth) fg 12.8 p. 508

Alfred Wegener: continental drift theory Continents move around 200 mya Pangaea (pan = all, gaea= earth) fg 12.8 p. 508 Sec 12.1 p. 506 Evidence for Continental Drift Alfred Wegener: continental drift theory Continents move around 200 mya Pangaea (pan = all, gaea= earth) fg 12.8 p. 508 Evidence: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqm6n60bneo

More information

Plate Tectonic Theory

Plate Tectonic Theory Have you ever looked at a world map and noticed the shapes of the continents? Have you ever noticed how some continents appear to fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle? Why do you think this

More information

Plate Tectonics. I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics II. A Mosaic of Plates III. Types of Plate Boundaries IV. How Plates Move

Plate Tectonics. I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics II. A Mosaic of Plates III. Types of Plate Boundaries IV. How Plates Move Plate Tectonics I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics II. A Mosaic of Plates III. Types of Plate Boundaries IV. How Plates Move I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics A. Continental Drift (Alfred Wegener) Proposed

More information

Directed Reading. Section: The Theory of Plate Tectonics. to the development of plate tectonics, developed? HOW CONTINENTS MOVE

Directed Reading. Section: The Theory of Plate Tectonics. to the development of plate tectonics, developed? HOW CONTINENTS MOVE Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Theory of Plate Tectonics 1. The theory that explains why and how continents move is called. 2. By what time period was evidence supporting continental drift,

More information

5. Convergent boundaries produce a relatively low number of earthquakes compared to other boundaries. a. True

5. Convergent boundaries produce a relatively low number of earthquakes compared to other boundaries. a. True 1. Earth s crust is thinner than its mantle. ANSWER: True 2. The concept of isostacy states that high-density rock will stand higher than low-density rock, which explains the formation of subduction zones.

More information

FORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.

FORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. FORCES ON EARTH An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. GEOLOGY Geologists scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth Geologists

More information

From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics

From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics 2009-2018 2018 Phil Farquharson, Geology Guy From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics Prior to the late 1960s, most geologists

More information

PLATE TECTONICS 11/13/ Investigations of glaciers also indicated that the land masses on Earth were once a supercontinent.

PLATE TECTONICS 11/13/ Investigations of glaciers also indicated that the land masses on Earth were once a supercontinent. PLATE TECTONICS Alfred Wegener thought that the landmasses fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. He called the land mass Pangaea. Meaning all land Continental Drift Wegener theory first coining the word -

More information

In order to study Plate Tectonics, we must first

In order to study Plate Tectonics, we must first TB Chapter 13 In order to study Plate Tectonics, we must first reorganize our layering system for the Earth: Old System 4 layers Crust (rigid) id) (rigid) Mantle (putty like) (semi rigid) Outer core (liquid)

More information

Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms

Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms Structure of the Earth Lithosphere : earth s crust Asthenosphere : upper mantle zone where material is near its melting point & acts almost like liquid (appprox.

More information

THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH UNIT 1 THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH 1.1.Earth s interior layers The interior of the Earth can be divided into layers according to: -Composition layers ( organized in order of increasing density

More information

Plate Tectonics 22/12/2017

Plate Tectonics 22/12/2017 Map of the tectonic plates. Plate Tectonics In 1912 the meteorologist Alfred Wegener independently developed what he called continental drift, (expanded in his 1915 book The Origin of Continents and Oceans).

More information

ES Ch 17 Plate Tectonics

ES Ch 17 Plate Tectonics The red triangles mark the location of????? 1 Why are they there?? Chapter 17 Plate Tectonics 2 Chapter 17 Plate Tectonics: Objectives Objectives Continued 1. Describe early evidence that led people to

More information

Week: 4 5 Dates: 9/8 9/12 Unit: Plate Tectonics

Week: 4 5 Dates: 9/8 9/12 Unit: Plate Tectonics clementaged.weebly.com Name: ODD Period: Week: 4 5 Dates: 9/8 9/12 Unit: Plate Tectonics Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 7 No School 8 E 9 O *Vocabulary *Frayer Vocab *Continental Drift Notes

More information

Chapter 12. Thermal Energy Transfer Drives Plate tectonics

Chapter 12. Thermal Energy Transfer Drives Plate tectonics Chapter 12 Thermal Energy Transfer Drives Plate tectonics What is thermal energy Thermal energy with respect to plate tectonics is energy of molten rock that is constantly moving below your feet. Below

More information

Plate Tectonics: The New Paradigm

Plate Tectonics: The New Paradigm Earth s major plates Plate Tectonics: The New Paradigm Associated with Earth's strong, rigid outer layer: Known as the lithosphere Consists of uppermost mantle and overlying crust Overlies a weaker region

More information

Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Puzzling Evidence What evidence suggests that continents move? In the late 1800s, Alfred Wegener proposed his hypothesis of continental drift. According to this hypothesis, the continents once formed a

More information

Plate Tectonics. 8 th grade

Plate Tectonics. 8 th grade Plate Tectonics 8 th grade Not in notes- look at picture If you look at a map of Earth s surface, you can see that the edges of some continents look as though they could fit together like a puzzle Wegener

More information

1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation)

1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation) Science 10 Review Earth Science Vocabulary asthenosphere continental drift theory converging plates diverging plates earthquakes epicentre fault hot spot inner core lithosphere mantle mantle convection

More information

Name Date Class. How have geologists learned about Earth s inner structure? What are the characteristics of Earth s crust, mantle, and core?

Name Date Class. How have geologists learned about Earth s inner structure? What are the characteristics of Earth s crust, mantle, and core? Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Section 1 Summary Earth s Interior How have geologists learned about Earth s inner structure? What are the characteristics of Earth s crust, mantle, and core? Earth s surface

More information

22.4 Plate Tectonics. Africa

22.4 Plate Tectonics. Africa The Red Sea between Africa and the Arabian peninsula in Asia marks a region where two pieces of the lithosphere are slowly moving apart. Over the next 100 million years, the Red Sea could become an ocean.

More information

Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory

Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory What is Plate Tectonics? - 7 large tectonic plates and many smaller ones that break up the lithosphere - Plates are brittle and float on asthenosphere and glide past

More information

A) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge?

A) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge? 1. Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the A) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate B) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate C)

More information

Grand Unifying Theory of everything... for the Geosciences, at least!

Grand Unifying Theory of everything... for the Geosciences, at least! Plate Tectonics: Grand Unifying Theory of everything... for the Geosciences, at least! The Earth s lithosphere, composed of Oceanic and continental crust, is broken up into pieces that move and interact

More information

-Similar geology: mountain: ranges, folds, rock age, -Similar fossils: fg 12.4 p km apart across salt water ocean? Mesosaurus (fresh water)

-Similar geology: mountain: ranges, folds, rock age, -Similar fossils: fg 12.4 p km apart across salt water ocean? Mesosaurus (fresh water) Sec 12.1 p. 506 Evidence for Continental Drift Alfred Wegener: continental drift theory Continents move around 200 mya Pangaea (pan = all, gaea= earth) fg 12.8 p. 508 -world map fig: fg 12.1 p. 506 Jigsaw

More information

Chapter 8: Earthquakes and Earth s Interior Section 1: What is an Earthquake? I. Earthquakes Group # Main Idea:

Chapter 8: Earthquakes and Earth s Interior Section 1: What is an Earthquake? I. Earthquakes Group # Main Idea: Chapter 8: Earthquakes and Earth s Interior Section 1: What is an Earthquake? I. Earthquakes Group # A. Focus and Epicenter Group # B. Faults Group # II. Cause of Earthquakes Group # A. Elastic Rebound

More information

Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches. Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes

Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches. Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Global Problems in Geology Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches Orogenic Belts Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes Development of Continental

More information

Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor

Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Matching. Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all. 1. hydrothermal vents A. convergent

More information

TO GO TO ANY OF THE PAGES LISTED BELOW, CLICK ON ITS TITLE

TO GO TO ANY OF THE PAGES LISTED BELOW, CLICK ON ITS TITLE TO GO TO ANY OF THE PAGES LISTED BELOW, CLICK ON ITS TITLE CHAPTER 6 Plate Tectonics 1 6-1 What is continental drift? 2 6-2 Why is the seafloor spreading? 3 6-3 What evidence supports seafloor spreading?

More information

Lecture Outline Friday January 12 Friday January 19, 2018

Lecture Outline Friday January 12 Friday January 19, 2018 Lecture Outline Friday January 12 Friday January 19, 2018 Questions?? Key Points for today The structure of the Earth Introduction to Plate Tectonic Theory and Convection Chapter 2 Development of the Plate

More information

FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.

FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2 An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. USE THESE NOTES: OUR HOME PLANET EARTH: What do you know about our planet? SO.HOW

More information

Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway

Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway The Earth is more than a giant ball made up of dirt, rocks, and minerals. The Earth may look like a giant ball from when looking at it from

More information

Continental Drift. Wegener theory that the crustal plates are moving and once were a super continent called Pangaea.

Continental Drift. Wegener theory that the crustal plates are moving and once were a super continent called Pangaea. PLATE TECTONICS WHAT IS TECTONICS? Tectonism is the faulting or folding or other deformation of the outer layer of a planet. It happens very slowly, on the scale of millions of years. Tectonic activity

More information

Plate Tectonics. Goal 2.1

Plate Tectonics. Goal 2.1 Plate Tectonics Goal 2.1 Lesson 1 Plate Tectonics: An Overview Think About It Look at the map below. Which two continents look like they d fit together? Focus Question How do Earth s tectonic plates cause

More information

Science 10 PROVINCIAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET. Unit 4. Earth Science

Science 10 PROVINCIAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET. Unit 4. Earth Science Science 10 PROVNCAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET Unit 4 Earth Science Student nstructions 1. Ensure that you have blank paper and a Data Booklet. 2. Record all answers on a separate piece of paper. 3. Answer keys

More information

Pangaea to the Present Lesson #2

Pangaea to the Present Lesson #2 Pangaea to the Present Lesson #2 The Earth is a dynamic or constantly changing planet. The thin, fragile plates slide very slowly on the mantle's upper layer. This sliding of the plates is caused by the

More information

Objectives. Vocabulary

Objectives. Vocabulary Drifting Continents Objectives Describe one piece of early evidence that led people to suggest that Earth s continents may have once been joined. Discuss evidence of continental drift. Explain why continental

More information

OBJECTIVE: For each boundary type, give an example of where they occur on Earth.

OBJECTIVE: For each boundary type, give an example of where they occur on Earth. OBJECTIVE: Explain the theory of Plate Tectonics. COMPARE AND CONTRAST DIVERGENT, CONVERGENT AND TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES. ***very important. Describe what geologic features form at each of the three CONVERGENT

More information

Continental Drift. The idea that the world s land masses are slowly moving over time

Continental Drift. The idea that the world s land masses are slowly moving over time Alfred Wegener Continental Drift The idea that the world s land masses are slowly moving over time Pangaea The supercontinent made of all continents that existed millions of years ago. Present Cretaceous

More information

The Theory of Continental Drift. Continental Drift Discovery

The Theory of Continental Drift. Continental Drift Discovery The Theory of Continental Drift Continental Drift Discovery The World ALFRED WEGENER THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT Found evidence for PANGAEA and proposed the theory of continental drift. Continental Drift

More information

Geology 300, Physical Geology Spring 2019 Quiz Ch 19, Plate Tectonics Name

Geology 300, Physical Geology Spring 2019 Quiz Ch 19, Plate Tectonics Name Geology 300, Physical Geology Spring 2019 Quiz Ch 19, Plate Tectonics Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The portion of a fracture

More information

Theory of Continental Drift

Theory of Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Theory of Continental Drift Alfred Wegener suggested that continents had once been part of a supercontinent named Pangaea, that later broke up. The pieces moved apart over millions of years

More information

Plate Tectonics Practice Test

Plate Tectonics Practice Test Plate Tectonics Practice Test 1. What is the main idea Alfred Wegner proposed in the Theory of Continental Drift that he published in 1915? a. The continents float on a liquid layer that allows them to

More information

CHAPTER 9. Basics Of geology: earthquakes & volcanoes

CHAPTER 9. Basics Of geology: earthquakes & volcanoes 161 CHAPTER 9 Basics Of geology: earthquakes & volcanoes CHAPTER s Objectives To introduce the theory of one supercontinent To discuss the clues and proofs that support the theory of one supercontinent

More information

PLATE TECTONICS Chapter 4 Notes

PLATE TECTONICS Chapter 4 Notes PLATE TECTONICS Chapter 4 Notes Review Earth s Interior Ch 1. Geologists have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth s interior: Direct evidence from rocks drilled from deep inside Earth

More information

Unit 4 Lesson 6 Plate Tectonics

Unit 4 Lesson 6 Plate Tectonics Unit 4 Lesson 6 Plate Tectonics Indiana Standards 7.2.1 Describe how the earth is a layered structure composed of lithospheric plates, a mantle and a dense core. 7.2.4 Explain how convection currents in

More information

1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About Tectonic Plates Push Together at Convergent Boundaries

1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About Tectonic Plates Push Together at Convergent Boundaries 1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About If new crust is created at divergent boundaries, why does the total amount of crust on Earth stay the same? Tectonic Plates Push Together

More information

CHAPTER 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener first proposed in 1912 Called it Continental Drift Evidence for Continental Drift 1. Noted puzzle-like fit of modern continents

More information