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Name Roy G Biv Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline.

1 Name Roy G Biv Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand. 1. The groin structure will change the pattern of deposition along the shoreline, initially causing the beach to become 1 wider on the western side of the groin 2 wider on the eastern side of the groin 3 narrower on both sides of the groin 4 wider on both sides of the groin 2. Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from the headlands? 1 quartz and olivine 2 plagioclase feldspar and amphibole 3 potassium feldspar and biotite 4 pyroxene and calcite 3. The sediments that have been deposited by streams flowing into the lagoon are most likely 1 sorted and layered 2 sorted and not layered 3 unsorted and layered 4 unsorted and not layered 4. Most of the surface materials in New York State can be classified as 1 igneous rocks 2 metamorphic rocks 3 coastal plain deposits 4 transported soils Page 1 5. Which natural agent of erosion is mainly responsible for the formation of the barrier islands along the southern coast of Long Island, New York? 1 mass movement 2 running water 3 prevailing winds 4 ocean waves 6. How would unsorted piles of angular sediments most likely be transported and deposited? 1 wind 2 glaciers 3 ocean waves 4 running water

Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the diagram below, which shows ocean waves approaching a shoreline.

Letters A, B, C, D, and E represent locations in the area. 11. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a shoreline with waves approaching at an angle.

At which location will the beach first begin to widen due to sand deposition? 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 E 8. The size of the bulge in the beach at position D will 1 decrease 2 increase 3 remain the same 9.

2 Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the diagram below, which shows ocean waves approaching a shoreline. A groin (a short wall of rocks perpendicular to the shoreline) and a breakwater (an offshore structure) have been constructed alone the beach. Letters A, B, C, D, and E represent locations in the area. 11. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a shoreline with waves approaching at an angle. The exposed bedrock of the wave-cut cliff is granite. Arrow A shows the direction of the longshore current and arrow B shows the general path of wave travel. 7. At which location will the beach first begin to widen due to sand deposition? 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 E 8. The size of the bulge in the beach at position D will 1 decrease 2 increase 3 remain the same 9. What is the most common cause of the approaching waves? 1 underwater earthquakes 2 variations in ocean-water density 3 the gravitational effect of the Moon 4 winds at the ocean surface 10. The diagram below represents a side view of a hill (drumlin) that was deposited by a glacier on the Atlantic coast. A large storm with high winds that develops out at sea is most likely to result in 1 decreased erosion along the shoreline 2 increased deposition along the shoreline 3 increased wave height near the shore 4 unchanged shoreline features 12. The photograph below shows farm buildings partially buried in silt. Which erosional agent most likely piled the silt against these buildings? 1 glacial ice 2 ocean waves 3 wind 4 mass movement This hill is most likely composed of 1 cemented sediments 2 unsorted sediments 3 vertically layered sediments 4 horizontally layered sediments Page 2

Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the drainage basin of the Mississippi River system.

3 13. The photograph below shows both erosional and depositional features formed by an agent of erosion. Which agent of erosion produced the features shown in the photograph? 1 running water 2 glacial ice 3 ocean waves 4 prevailing wind 14. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the drainage basin of the Mississippi River system. Several rivers that flow into the Mississippi River are labeled. The arrow at location X shows where the Mississippi River enters the Gulf of Mexico. The structure formed by the deposition of sediments at location X is best described as a 1 moraine 2 tributary 3 delta 4 drumlin Page 3

4 Base your answers to questions 15 through 17 on the maps and data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Map I shows the Outer Banks and part of North Carolina along the southeastern coast of the United States. Maps II and III show enlargements of the Avon-Buxton section of the Outer Banks indicated by box X on map I. Map II shows the land and shoreline in Map III shows the land and shoreline in The dotted line on map III shows the location of the 1852 shoreline. The data table shows the average width, in meters, at various years, of the Avon-Buxton section. Page 4

5 13. The Outer Banks were formed primarily from sediments eroded and deposited by ocean waves. Which type of landform are the Outer Banks? 1 outwash plains 2 moraine deposits 3 river deltas 4 barrier islands Page 5

6 16. Which bar graph best shows the average width of the Avon-Buxton section of the Outer Banks from 1852 to 1998? Which ocean current has the greatest warming influence on the climate of the Outer Banks of North Carolina? 1 Gulf Stream Current 2 North Atlantic Current 3 Labrador Current 4 Canary Current Page 6

18. The map below shows coastal features of a portion of Long Island, New York. Point A represents a location on a landscape feature that resulted from wave action and longshore currents.

7 18. The map below shows coastal features of a portion of Long Island, New York. Point A represents a location on a landscape feature that resulted from wave action and longshore currents. On which landscape feature is point A located? 1 moraine 2 delta 3 barrier island 4 floodplain 19. Base your answer to the following question on the contour map below, which shows a hill formed by glacial deposition near Rochester, New York. Letters A through E are reference points. Elevations are in feet. This glacial deposit is best identified as 1 a V-shaped valley 2 a sand dune 3 a drumlin 4 an outwash plain Page 7

20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills.

The graph below shows the snow line (the 22. The diagram below represents a stream valley.

8 20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. Which feature will most likely form when the partially buried ice block melts? 1 drumlin 2 moraine 3 kettle lake 4 finger lake 21. The graph below shows the snow line (the 22. The diagram below represents a stream valley. elevation above which glaciers form at different Which diagram below best shows how this latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere). valley might be modified after a glacier has moved through it? 1 2 At which location would a glacier most likely form? 1 0 latitude at an elevation of 6,000 m 2 15 N latitude at an elevation of 4,000 m 3 30 N latitude at an elevation of 3,000 m 4 45 N latitude at an elevation of 1,000 m 3 4 Page 8

23. The diagram below represents a core sample of a sedimentary deposit found at a particular location.

3 a decrease in the velocity of a stream 4 dropping of weathered rock fragments from a cliff Base your answers to

the terminal moraine 3 length of the glacier 4 size of the sediment transported by the glacier Base your answers to

The diagram represents a glacier moving out of a mountain valley.

Letters A through F identify points within the erosional/depositional system. 24.

9 23. The diagram below represents a core sample of a sedimentary deposit found at a particular location. The deposition most likely occurred as a result of 1 dropping directly from a glacier 2 an avalanche on a mountainside 3 a decrease in the velocity of a stream 4 dropping of weathered rock fragments from a cliff Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the diagram which represents a profile of a mountain glacier in the northern United States. 25. The velocity of the ice movement is primarily controlled by the 1 slope of the bedrock surface 2 amount of sediment at the terminal moraine 3 length of the glacier 4 size of the sediment transported by the glacier Base your answers to questions 26 through 28 on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the diagram below. The diagram represents a glacier moving out of a mountain valley. The water from the melting glacier is flowing into a lake. Letters A through F identify points within the erosional/depositional system. 24. Which cross section best represents the sediment that was transported and deposited by this glacier? An interface between erosion and deposition by the ice is most likely located between points 1 A and B 2 B and C 3 C and D 4 D and E 27. Colloidal-sized sediment particles carried by water are most probably being deposited at point 1 F 2 B 3 C 4 D 28. Deposits of unsorted sediments would probably be found at location 1 E 2 F 3 C 4 D 3 4 Page 9

29. Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the diagram below. The diagram represents two branches of a valley glacier.

Wooden stakes were placed on a glacier in a straight line as represented by A A' in the diagram below. The same stakes were observed later in the positions represented by B B'.

1 2 The pattern of movement of the stakes provides evidence that 1 glacial ice does not move 2 glacial ice is melting faster than it accumulates 3 the glacier is moving faster in the center than

10 29. Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the diagram below. The diagram represents two branches of a valley glacier. Points A, B, G, and H are located on the surface of the glacier. Point X is located at the interface between the ice and the bedrock. The arrows indicate the general direction of ice movement. 30. Wooden stakes were placed on a glacier in a straight line as represented by A A' in the diagram below. The same stakes were observed later in the positions represented by B B'. Metal stakes were placed on the surface of the glacier in a straight line from position A to position B. Which diagram best shows the position of the metal stakes several years later? 1 2 The pattern of movement of the stakes provides evidence that 1 glacial ice does not move 2 glacial ice is melting faster than it accumulates 3 the glacier is moving faster in the center than on the sides 4 friction is less along the sides of the glacier than in the center 31. The cross section below represents the transport of sediments by a glacier. 3 4 At which location is deposition most likely the dominant process? 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D Page 10

32. The cross section below represents large boulders made of granite, gneiss, and quartzite that are found lying on limestone bedrock near Oswego, New York. 33.

11 32. The cross section below represents large boulders made of granite, gneiss, and quartzite that are found lying on limestone bedrock near Oswego, New York. 33. The diagram below shows rock material being transported by a mountain glacier. If no overturning of bedrock has occurred, which statement correctly explains the source of the boulders? 1 The limestone was changed by contact metamorphism caused by a lava flow. 2 The limestone bedrock formed under conditions of high heat and pressure. 3 Older igneous and metamorphic bedrock that once covered the limestone eroded away, forming the boulders. 4 The boulders were transported and deposited on the limestone bedrock by a glacier. The moraine deposits left when this glacier melts will generally be 1 sorted by size and layered 2 sorted by size and unlayered 3 unsorted by size and layered 4 unsorted by size and unlayered Page 11

12 Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the map and cross section below. The map shows the shapes and locations of New York State's 11 Finger Lakes and the locations of some major glacial deposits (moraines) left behind by the last ice age. The cross section shows surface elevations, valley depths, and water depths of the Finger Lakes. 34. The general shape of the Finger Lakes and the pattern of moraine deposits found across Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York are evidence that the continental glacier was advancing from 1 south to north 2 north to south 3 east to west 4 west to east Page 12

13 35. Which statement provides the best evidence that New York State s Finger Lakes formed as a result of continental glaciation? 1 The lake surfaces are above sea level. 2 The lakes fill long, narrow, U-shaped valleys. 3 The lakes are partially filled with sorted beds of sediment. 4 The lakes are surrounded by sharp, jagged peaks and ridges. Base your answers to questions 36 through 39 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Watching the Glaciers Go Mountain glaciers and ice caps in tropical areas of the world are melting fast and may vanish altogether by the year That was the chilling news last year from Lonnie Thompson, a geologist at Ohio State University s Byrd Polar Research Center who has been studying icy areas near the equator in South America, Africa, and the Himalayas for two decades. It doesn t take a glacier scientist to see the changes. In 1977, when Thompson visited the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru, it was impossible not to notice a schoolbus-size boulder stuck in its grip. When Thompson returned in 2000, the rock was still there but the ice wasn t it had retreated far into the distance. Most scientists believe the glaciers are melting because of global warming the gradual temperature increase that has been observed with increasing urgency during the past decade. Last year a panel of the nation s top scientists, the National Research Council, set aside any lingering skepticism about the phenomenon, concluding definitively that average global surface temperatures are rising and will continue to do so. Glaciers Go, Science,vol. #7, January 2002 Watching the Popular 36. State one greenhouse gas that is an excellent absorber of infrared radiation and maybe responsible for global warming. 37. Describe the arrangement of sediment deposited directly from glaciers. 38. Some glaciers currently exist near Earth s equator due to the cold, snowy climate of certain locations. Which type of landform exists where these glaciers occur? Page 13

14 39. Describe one action humans could take to reduce the global warming that is melting the Quelccaya ice cap. Page 14

15 Base your answers to questions 40 through 43 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows a retreating valley glacier and the features that have formed because of the advance and retreat of the glacier. 40. Describe one piece of evidence likely to be found on the exposed bedrock surfaces that could indicate the direction this glacier moved. Page 15

16 41. Describe one difference between the arrangement of sediment in the moraines and the arrangement of sediment in the outwash plain. 42. Describe the most likely shape of the valley being formed due to erosion by this glacier. 43. Explain why the glacial ice absorbs less solar radiation than the surrounding exposed bedrock and soil. Page 16

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Page 1. Name: Name: 1) Which property would best distinguish sediment deposited by a river from sediment deposited by a glacier? thickness of sediment layers age of fossils found in the sediment mineral composition