Space for Sustainable Development. Disasters

Transcription

1 Rio+20 - United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, June 2012 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Space for Sustainable Development Disasters Carlos AfonsoNobre Carlos FredericoAngelis

2 Why natural disasters seem to be more frequent? Wereview the evidence and argue that for some types of extreme notably heatwaves, but also precipitation extremes there is now strong evidence linking specific events or an increase in their numbers to the human influence on climate.

3 Increasing of severe weather cause impacts on hidrology Vazão Máxima Eldorado Vazão Máxima Registro Vazão Eldorado M3 Vazão Registro M3 Maximum runoff of Ribeira do Iguape river Vazões Máximas Rio Ribeira de Iguape 3000 Vazões m3/s Anos I TAKESHITA DAEE

4 Weather extremes observed during in South America

5 Atthesametime, thepopulationgrowthrate also increases... Anhembi, São Paulo Urbanization on vulnerable areas Urbanization on slopes E Macedo IPT

6 ... Causing significant hazards on the population living in risk areas Fonte: Defesa Civil Nacional e MPOG Municipalities affected by natural disasters in Brazil

7 Increasing of population density + Increasing of extremes weather events = Increasing of disasters. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2007

8 Number of disasters observed in Brazil duringtheperiod América Brasil do Sul Graph by Julia Reid, based on data courtesy EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database ( Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium)

9 Main Natural Disasters in Brazil

10 Landslides and debris flow Noris Costa Diniz UNB

11 Landslides and debris flow

12 Landslides and debris flow

13 Flash Floods

14 Flash Floods Flood Flash floods Flash flood Flood Flood J. Gondim ANA

15 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Adapted from Alexander, 2002.

16 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Hidrologicaland Geological Modeling data Surface Modeling Predictions Radar/Satellite/ Gauge rainfall estimation Hidrological data Adaptado de Cloke and Pappenberger(2009)

17 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Data acquired from space are useful for: Risk area mapping and monitoring; Surface modelling based on physical variables(land use, geomorphology, etc) Environmental monitoring focused on the identification of weather extremes; Analysis of vulnerabilities; Use of na Early Warning System to predict natural disastres. Warnings and Alerts

18 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Topography reconstruction based on satellite data: SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

19 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Topography reconstruction based on satellite data: 19

20 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Risk area mapping based on high resolution satellite image

21 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Risk area mapping based on high resolution satellite image Fonte: UFPE

22 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Satellite Data Atmospheric Monitoring

23 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Satellite Data Atmospheric Monitoring

24 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Automatic Weather Stations Uplink and Downlink via Satellite

25 Satellite data area crucial for the whole disaster cycle Early Warning Systems designed to predict disasters depends on space technologies and need at least: Gauges data at hourly basis Weather radar each 15 minutes Satellite data (atmosphere) each 30 minutes Risk areas mapping updated regularly Land use mapping seasonally updated And more, more, and more

26 Early Warning Systems (EWS) designed to predict disasters depends on space technologies Strategy for data acquisition and dissemination of the Brazilian Early Warning System

27 Early Warning System Scheme Sensing End User Satellite facilities Data Processing - Modeling Real Time Monitoring Facility

28 Final product of an EWS

29 Final product of an EWS

30 Final product of an EWS

31 Final product of an EWS

32 ÁREA DA RODOVIÁRIA COM MAPEAMENTO CPRM Final product of an EWS

33 Final product of an EWS Área colapsada Rodoviária

34 Before Final product of an EWS

35 Final product of an EWS After