In an experiment, what s the difference between the manipulated variable and the responding variable?

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1 In an experiment, what s the difference between the manipulated variable and the responding variable? In an experiment, what s the best way to represent parts of a whole? The mineral scratch test is used to test for Explain the difference between cleavage and fracture. Which mineral has fracture? manipulated variable -- changed by the scientist (also called the independent variable). responding variable -- changes due to the manipulated variable (also called the dependent variable) Pie chart hardness Cleavage -- the mineral breaks along straight planes. Fracture -- the mineral breaks unevenly. 6. The process of cementation is associated with what kind of rock? 2nd from the right. sedimentary

2 Basalt is a. Clastic sedimentary rock b. Intrusive igneous rock c. Extrusive igneous rock What is the parent rock of the metamorphic rock marble? Explain the difference between an igneous rock and a metamorphic rock. Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed under what conditions? Limestone an igneous rock forms from melting rock or minerals. A metamorphic rock forms when heat and pressure change existing rock. a. low temperature and high pressure b. high temperature and high pressure Describe how petroleum is created. Petroleum formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. Their remains sank to the bottom of seas as sediments. Over millions of years, high heat and pressure changed the remains into oil. Make a list of renewable energy resources. solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, geothermal

3 According to the rock cycle, which of these results from thermal energy and forces from within the Earth? Which of these is the greatest benefit to developing a car that would run on solar power? Which renewable resource would be least affected by increasing global temperatures? Which is a disadvantage of a wind turbine? What is the potential impact of putting a nuclear power plant near the ocean? Match the type of rock to the process. 1. Igneous B. 2. Sedimentary A. 3. Metamorphic C. A. formation of sedimentary rock B. formation of metamorphic rock C. heating and cooling D. uplift and erosion A. Solar cars are practical for daily commuters. B. Solar cars have an inexhaustible energy source. C. Solar cars are safer to operate than standard vehicles. D. Solar cars are less expensive to construct than standard vehicles. A. hydropower B. wind energy C. geothermal power D. biomass energy A. Wind turbines can adversely impact migratory birds. B. Wind turbines can be constructed in any environment. C. Wind turbines remove large amounts of thermal energy from the habitat. D. Wind turbines distribute wind energy over growing crop plants A. number of kilowatts produced per home B. the effect of warmed water on aquatic life C. the impact of other energy-producing resources D. energy use per person A. Weathering, erosion and deposition B. Melting and cooling C. Heat and pressure

4 19 Identify the igneous rocks in this list Granite, limestone, pumice, basalt, schist, obsidian. granite, pumice, basalt, and obsidian. Pumice, basalt and obsidian are extrusive. 20 Then circle the extrusive igneous rocks. Look at Moh s Hardness Scale. Which of the minerals listed would be scratched by a mineral with a hardness of 5.5? The knowledge of which of these can help a geologist identify an unknown mineral? Match the mineral to its use. 1. Quartz C. 2. Diamond A. 3. Galena E. 4. Feldspar D 5. Mica B What are the two most common elements in Earth s crust? Which type of mineral is more common, silicate or non-silicate? A 5.5 hardness mineral would scratch apatite, fluorite, calcite, gypsum, and talc. Hardness Temperature Density Reactivity with acid Streak Amount of organic material Amount of inorganic material a. Drill bits b. Insulation c. Glass d. Toothpaste e. Lead silicon and oxygen silicates

5 25 Identify all of the major rock forming minerals. Quartz Fingerite Mica Feldspar Cobaltominate Calcite Abelsonite Which are not criteria for being identified as a mineral? Metamorphic rocks with a banded look are called Which of these is a nonclastic sedimentary rock? What instruments would you need for measuring the density of a mineral? Which statement best describes the formation of an intrusive igneous rock? Consistent chemical composition Made of various types of minerals Organic Inorganic Crystalline solid Liquid foliated Conglomerate Breccia Limestone Sandstone triple beam balance (to determine mass) and a graduated cylinder (to determine volume). A. Magma solidifies slowly, resulting in a coarse-grained texture B. Magma solidifies slowly, resulting in a fine-grained texture

6 Which is true of energy resource acquisition? What is the formula for determining density? In which Virginia province would you most likely find coal? Which of the following are some of the major mineral resources of Virginia? Identify the mineral known as fool s gold. A. internal arrangement of the atoms in the crystal B. temperature at which the crystal formed C. type of surface on which the crystal formed D. stream erosion that changed the crystal A. Renewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth s surface. Nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth s surface. B. Nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth s surface. Renewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth s surface. C. Both renewable and nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth s surface. D. Both renewable and nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth s surface. Density = mass/volume D=m/v Appalachian Plateau A. Diamonds, sapphires, and rubies B. Coal, granite and limestone C. Sulfur, fluorite, and cobalt D. Gold, silver, and copper pyrite

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