Geological CO 2 Storage Feasibility Study: Saline Aquifers and Depleted Oil Fields, Ordos Basin, Shaanxi Province

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1 U.S. - CHINA CLEAN ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER 中国清洁能源研究中心 Northwest University Geological CO 2 Storage Feasibility Study: Saline Aquifers and Depleted Oil Fields, Ordos Basin, Shaanxi Province 1 Ronald Surdam, 1 Zunsheng Jiao 2 Lifa Zhou, 2 Yajun Wang, 2 Tingting Luo 1. Carbon Management Institute, School of Energy Research, UW 2. The Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Energy Resources and Chemical Engineering

2 Outline Wyoming Experience State-wide assessment of geological CO 2 storage capacities (i.e., storage reservoirs, confining layers, and trapping mechanisms) Detailed reservoir characterization of the Rock Springs Uplift geological CO 2 storage site CO 2 Storage in depleted oil fields/eor PRB project Ordos Basin Cooperative Study Regional assessment of geological CO 2 storage site capacities in the Ordos Basin Assessment of the potential CO 2 storage available in depleted oil fields in the Ordos Basin

3 Outcrop patterns of highest-priority CO 2 reservoir units, and location of two premier CO 2 storage sites in Wyoming State-wide assessment of the geological CO 2 storage capacity of the saline aquifers in Wyoming

4 Carbon storage potential in southwest Wyoming UW, WSGS, State, and DOE- funded research identified two highcapacity storage sites in southwestern Wyoming: Rock Springs Uplift and Moxa Arch

5 The Rock Springs Uplift: an outstanding geological CO 2 storage site in SW Wyoming Thick saline aquifer sequence overlain by thick sealing lithologies Doubly-plunging anticline characterized by more than 1000 feet of closed structural relief 8000 feet of vertical separation between CO 2 storage reservoirs and overlying potable water aquifers. Huge area (50 x 35 miles) Required reservoir conditions, including, but not limited to fluid chemistry, porosity (pore space), fluid-flow characteristics, temperature and pressure (i.e., regional burial history)

6 Rock Springs Uplift site characterization project Regional Log Analysis 3-D seismic Survey Coring Plan Strat Test Well Field Work Numerical Simulation/Performance Assessment Log Suite 920 feet Core Property Modeling Porosity Structural Modeling Petrographic Study Mesh Generation

7 Lessons learned from the RSU: risk reduction The greatest uncertainty in numerically simulating CO 2 storage processes is characterizing geological heterogeneity in three dimensions. This uncertainty was substantially reduced at the RSU site by integrating 3-D seismic techniques with stratigraphic test well observations. The most critical challenge for risk reduction associated with carbon storage on the RSU is the management of displacement fluids.

8 Regional Data 1. Outcrop studies 2. Log data 3. Petrophysical data Seismic survey/strat test well Uncertainty reduction

9 Regional assessment of the geological CO 2 storage capacity of the Ordos Basin Log Analysis 2-D seismic Survey Structural Contour (Majiagou Limestone) Core Samples Field Work Available Log Suite Preliminary Numerical Simulation/Performance Assessment P, T, Injected CO2 Changes Over Time Plume Migration Plume Shape Storage Capacity Permeability Porosity Property Modeling Structural Modeling Petrographic Study Mesh Generation

10 Assessment of potential CO 2 storage utilizing the depleted oil/gas fields in the Ordos Basin Inventory depleted oil/gas fields for potential CO 2 storage Construct geological structural and property models for the selected fields Perform numerical simulations of CO 2 injection for the major reservoirs in the selected fields Assessment of the stranded oil recovery potential and CO 2 storage capacity utilizing the depleted oil/gas fields in the Ordos Basin

11 Ideal Resource Convergence

12 Integrated CO 2 storage in depleted oil/gas fields in the Powder River Basin

13 Integrated Resource Development Strategy Approximately 150 candidate Minnelusa oil fields. Many have gone through the secondary recovery waterflood stage and appear ideal for CO 2 miscible flooding 1.2 billion barrels of original oil in place (OOIP), CO 2 flooding adding 15% additional production, 180 million $80/barrel = $14.4 billion 100 million tonnes of CO 2 required for Minnelusa EOR (19.3 mcf/tonne), CO 2 $2/mcf = $4 billion Products (i.e., diesel or methanol) from 2 coal conversion plants = $14 billion Final sequestration available in field after flooding CARBON MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE complete

14 Regional assessment of the geological CO 2 storage capacity of the Ordos Basin Work Plan Continue to assemble and compile the publicly available geological, stratigraphic, petrophysical, and petrographic observations for the Ordos Basin Refine regional geological structural model for the Ordos Basin Complete assessment of the regional CO 2 storage capacity for the major saline aquifers in the Basin Selection of specific storage sites for more detailed analysis and evaluation (i.e., site characterization)

15 Regional assessment of the geological CO 2 storage capacity of the Ordos Basin Work Plan (continued): Completion of 3-D geological structural models of the selected sites Perform CO 2 injection simulations of selected sites in Ordos Basin Inventory/prioritize potential EOR targets in Ordos Basin Compare Ordos Basin and Wyoming CO 2 storage attributes

16 Cooperative study in the Ordos Basin, including comparison of Ordos Basin results with Wyoming CO 2 storage projects Deliverables: Regional assessments of the geological CO 2 storage capacity of the Ordos Basin (saline aquifers) Assessment of the potential CO 2 storage using the depleted oil/gas fields in the Ordos Basin Comparison of results from the Ordos Basin with results from the WYCUSP program at the Rock Springs Uplift, Moxa Arch, and Powder River Basin.

17 Conclusions The Majiagou Formation in the Ordos Basin has sufficient storage capacity to accommodate decades of CO 2 emissions generated by multiple coal-fired power plants and/or commercial coal to chemical plants. The simulation and modelling work (utilizing 9 injection wells) shows that at least 9 Mt/year of CO 2 could be injected into the Majiagou Formation near Yulin over a 50-year period. Therefore, all of the existing plants and all of the coal-to-chemical plants that will be built in the Ordos Basin can be brought to clean coal standards (a 50% reduction in CO 2 emission) by utilizing the Majiagou Formation as a carbon storage reservoir. Ordos Basin, like the Powder River Basin, is characterized by an ideal convergence of natural resources providing an outstanding opportunity for integrating coal conversion, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and CO 2 storage. The available captured anthropogenic CO 2 in Shaanxi Province, when combined with a transportation network (i.e., pipelines), is capable of supporting all potential EOR projects in the Ordos Basin.

18 Acknowledgements This study has been supported by the DOE NETL China-US Clean Energy Research Center Partnership, the Wyoming-Shaanxi CCS Partnership, the Shaanxi government through the Shaanxi Provincial Institutes of Energy Resource and Chemical Engineering, and the State of Wyoming.