The RECOPOL project Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey

Transcription

1 CO 2 storage in coal The RECOPOL project Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey

2 Outline of presentation Introduction Geology Reservoir Modelling Laboratory Work Monitoring Further Work & Planning The RECOPOL project 2

3 RECOPOL Introduction Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey 3

4 What is RECOPOL? The RECOPOL project is an EU funded combined research and demonstration project to investigate the possibility of permanent subsurface storage of CO 2 in coal. The field demonstration experiment is the first of it s kind outside Northern America RECOPOL stands for: Reduction of CO 2 emission by means of CO 2 storage in coal seams in the Silesian Coal Basin of Poland The RECOPOL project 4

5 Facts and figures of RECOPOL The RECOPOL project was financed by the EU in the scope of the 1997 Kyoto protocol CO 2 -emissions reduced with 8% in with respect to level of 1990 The RECOPOL project started in November 2001 Duration of the project is 36 months duration field experiment 18 months Total budget: circa 4 million EURO, including drilling and operating cost EU 5 th Framework Programme contributes 50% Partners contribute 50 % The RECOPOL project 5

6 The RECOPOL consortium IEA GHG CSIRO Associated partner: Advanced Resources International End-user: Walloon Federal Region TNO (co-ordinator) Delft University of Technology IFP GAZONOR Gaz de France Air Liquide CMI DBI-GUT Aachen University of Technology End-user: JCOAL End-user: Shell The RECOPOL project 6

7 Main questions to be answered by the RECOPOL project Is subsurface storage of CO 2 in coal, while simultaneously producing CBM, a technically viable option under European conditions? Is subsurface storage of CO 2 in coal a safe and permanent solution? How much CBM is produced for each tonne of injected CO 2? Can subsurface storage of CO 2 in coal be applied on a larger scale in an economical and social acceptable way? What are the main criteria (geological/technical/economical/ social) for any coal basin, in or outside Europe, to be suitable for this technique? The RECOPOL project 7

8 Site selection Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland was selected as the best location for ECBM-CO 2 in Europe (IEA report, 2000) Permeability Existing CBM infrastructure Thickness and depth of coal layers Industrial area etc. Upper Carboniferous (UC) coal bearing strata UC in Europe deposited in similar setting as UC in U.S. Some UC basins in U.S. well known for CBM production Carboniferous coals are relatively deep and thin The RECOPOL project 8

9 The RECOPOL project 9 Location of field experiment NS faults are pre-alpine EW faults are Alpine Warsaw Prague Krakow Katowice Bielsko- Biala Study area

10 Site characteristics Rural area Overbanks of river Wisla The RECOPOL project 10

11 Original design field experiment Fertilizer plant CO 2 storage tank (> 80 bar) CBM production ±300 m CBM production Miocene CBM 200 m CO m CBM m Carboniferous The RECOPOL project 11

12 Target coal seams 1.6 m 2.0 m 3.0 m 3.1 m MS-1 5½ inch 1000 m Injection well MS-4 5½ inch 1.3 m 2.9 m 3.3 m 3.1 m 1.7 m 2.8 m 1.8 m 3.2 m m 1255 m The RECOPOL project 12

13 RECOPOL Geology Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey 13

14 Stratigraphy The RECOPOL project 14

15 Present day faulted topography of the Carboniferous deposits The faults in the study area are pre-alpine Faults expected to be closed Coal-bearing Carboniferous deposits covered by Miocene mudstones that provide seal Seal integrity shown by conventional gas shows in Carboniferous Synsedimentary tectonic activity Lateral thickening of sedimentary wedge The RECOPOL project 15

16 Cross-section North-South S 354 Si-7 Si-16 MS-4 MS-1 Si-15 Si-18 N Sand bodies along faults 405 Sand body along fault cutting into coal seam Decreasing thickness variation in time indicates decreasing fault movement COAL SAND SHALE The RECOPOL project

17 Implications for RECOPOL Faults: During the Late Namurian-Westphalian there was clearly synsedimentary tectonic movement in the area Reactivation during Alpine orogeny could not be confirmed or excluded Permeability/Porosity Some lateral variation in the strata is expected due to depositional differences Coal seams at the top of the interval are more likely to be continuous, because there is less risk of a sand body cutting through the coal seams Top coal seams are tightly packed in impermeable shales, because there is less sand at the top of the interval The RECOPOL project 17

18 RECOPOL Reservoir Modelling Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey 18

19 Reservoir modelling Benchmarking of several modelling software packages SIMED (CSIRO & TNO) COMET (ARI) Model activities focussed on: CO 2 breakthrough within project lifetime, given available CO 2 ( tonnes, max 20 tonnes/day) Scenario modelling for sensitivity also fall-back scenario without a new well, using one existing well as injector The RECOPOL project 19

20 TNO SIMED reservoir modelling Layer model m m SS 1453 m o 12 The RECOPOL project 20

21 Results from reservoir modelling To increase the likelihood of CO 2 breakthrough: Only top three coal layers will be injected New injection well must be close (< 200 m) to production well New injection well must be in line with existing wells Spatial constraints could require deviation from this line The RECOPOL project 21

22 Cross-section North-South S 354 Si-7 Low permeable clay/shale layers Si-16 MS-4 MS-1 Si-15 Si-18 N Injection! The RECOPOL project 22

23 Selected development scenario N MS-1 (not used) New well injector MS-4 producer S The RECOPOL project 23

24 RECOPOL Laboratory Experiments Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey 24

25 Laboratory experiments Main tasks Ad-/desorption experiments on crushed coal samples Sorption capacity (CO 2,CH 4 and mixtures) Preferential sorption (CO 2 /CH 4 mixtures) Sorption kinetics (diffusion measurements) Flow-through (Flushing) experiments on cores Permeability & porosity determination in 3D Samples originate from same seams of interest at shallower depth from nearby mine (Brzeszcze) shallower seams from nearby mine (Silesia) The RECOPOL project 25

26 Sorption capacity (dry and moist coals) dry coals: CH 4 : ~ 15 Std m³/t CO 2 : ~ 25 Std m³/t moist coals: 10-30% of dry coal sorption capacity Coal VRr (%) Methane CO2 dry moist dry moist Brzeszcze 405LW Brzeszcze 364LW Brzeszcze 510LW Silesia 315LW Additional information: B.M. Krooss The RECOPOL project 26

27 Preferential sorption always preferential sorption of CO 2 at high pressures occasionally preferential sorption of CH 4 at low pressures some coals show preferential desorption of CO 2 x(co2) (GC/TCD peak area ratios) T = 45 C VR r = 0.78 % preferential adsorption of CH 4 x(co 2 )=0.68 Brzeszcze (moist) Pressure (bar) preferential adsorption of CO 2 Additional information: B.M. Krooss preferential desorption of CO 2 Adsorption Desorption x(co2) source gas The RECOPOL project 27

28 Sorption kinetics CO 2 adsorbs more rapidly than CH 4 two-step sorption process observed for dry coals moist coals under investigation P(rel.) CH4 (> 2mm), P(ini)= bar CH4 (> 2mm), P(ini)= bar CH4 (> 2mm), P(ini)=33.8 bar CO2 (> 2mm), P(ini)=5.75 bar CO2 (> 2mm), P(ini)=8.2 bar CO2 (> 2mm), P(ini)=29.2 bar Time (h) Additional information: B.M. Krooss The RECOPOL project 28

29 Flushing Experiments: Results, relevant for simulation input Silesia LW155, seam 315 Cumulative injection and production vs. time Recopol I GC-gas composition and sweep efficiency vs. displaced volume CO 2 = 1 % CO 2 = 50% CO 2 = 90% Sweep efficiency [%] Displaced volume [mole/mole] Time after production [sec] 2.7x x10 5 Additional information: K-H. Wolf & S. Mazumder 6.1x10 5 The RECOPOL project 29

30 CT-scans: cleat type, angle & distribution Results, relevant for simulation input Brzeszcze LW105, seam 405 Scans analysed with Qwin on: Cleat density (open, filled) & layering Angle distribution Angle distributions derived from the three CT-scan image planes xy, zy and zx. Gathered they can be compared with the angle analysis on coal cuttings. Here the ZY-plane is sub-parallel to the layering Additional information: K-H. Wolf & S. Mazumder The RECOPOL project 30

31 RECOPOL Monitoring Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey 31

32 Monitoring Requirements for monitoring of possible leaks has been increasing during last 2 years Public confidence in CO 2 storage Health and safety issues Four types Seismic monitoring Isotopic signature Monitoring of CO 2 in nearby mine Surface monitoring The RECOPOL project 32

33 Seismic Monitoring Method that is best applicable is still under evaluation Isotope signature Regular isotope measurement of injected CO2 Regular isotope measurement of produced CO2 up to 5% naturally occurring CO2 in coalbed gas The RECOPOL project 33

34 Monitoring in the mine Gas measurements Agreement reached between CMI and Silesia mine about the placement of a gas analyser ( sniffer ) in the nearby mine Sensors will placed in gallery that will be connected to measuring system of mine Surface monitoring Soil gas measurements Location specific measurements at key locations of CO 2 and CH 4 gas concentrations Faults Abandoned wells Injection and production well casings m The RECOPOL project 34

35 Well MS-1 MS-4 The RECOPOL project 35

36 RECOPOL Further Work & Planning Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - National Geological Survey 36

37 Further work (until October 2004) Construction of site, drilling, CO2 infrastructure, injection, etc. History matching with numerical model of test site results to calibrate earlier models & validate theories from these models integration and upscaling of laboratory work in the numerical modelling Socio-economical and future-technological evaluation upscaling of test site to larger scale (actual sequestration) operations Design of a GIS-based Decision Support System for CO 2 sequestration in coal geological and reservoir conditions, subsurface installations, infrastructure demands, financing/taxation regulations, etc. The RECOPOL project 37

38 Project planning On stream, but slightly delayed MILESTONES Geological and reservoir model Laboratory work Drilling tender procedure Drilling Injection/ production History matching Finalising production production/injection The RECOPOL project 38

39 Website The RECOPOL project 39

40 Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their gratitude to the partners in the RECOPOL project. The European Commission is acknowledged for funding and support of this project executed under the programme ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. The RECOPOL project 40