FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, METRIC SYSTEM, DATA TABLES AND GRAPHING (Use your Pink Note Packet and Vocabulary Sheets)

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1 1. What is scientific inquiry? FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, METRIC SYSTEM, DATA TABLES AND GRAPHING (Use your Pink Note Packet and Vocabulary Sheets) 2. Define variable: 3. Define independent variable: 4. Define dependent variable: 5. Convert the following numbers a. 675 km = m d cm = hm b..76 mg = g e L = dl c hl = kl f..043 kg = mg 6. What are the four components that make up a good data table? Make sure you know how to read a data table and know where each variable and unit needs to be. 7. What are the five components that make up a good graph? Make sure you know how to read a graph and/or mutli-line graph and which axis each variable/unit needs to be. 8. Answer the following question based on this situation: Your mom was given two plants for her birthday and she wanted them to grow really quickly. She heard that if you place this particular kind of plant in the dark they will grow really quickly. Write a hypothesis for this statement in one of the correct forms: What is the manipulating variable? What is the responding variable? What variables were kept constant?

2 1. Know the definitions of the following words: A. abyssal plain B. Benthos C. continental rise D. continental shelf E. continental slope F. deep zone G. echosounding H. guyot I. midocean ridge J. nekton K. plankton L. salinity M. seamount N. submarine canyon O. surface zone P. trench OCEANOGRAPHY REVIEW (Use the Blue Note Packet and Vocabulary Sheets) 2. Be able to identify the ocean floor features if given a diagram. (seamount, guyot, etc.). Use your contour of the ocean floor project and/or the figure in the book on pages Solve the following word problems. Depth = (# of Seconds/2) X 1500 m/s A. How deep is the ocean if it took the sound wave 520 seconds to travel to the ocean floor and back to the surface?

3 B. How deep is the ocean if it took the sound wave 54 seconds to travel to the ocean floor and back to the surface? C. What is the depth if it takes a sound wave 188 seconds to travel to the ocean floor and back to the surface? D. What is the depth if a sound wave took.33 seconds to travel to the ocean floor and back to the surface? 4. Give 2 examples of how salinity can increase and 2 examples of how salinity of ocean water can decrease: INCREASE SALINITY DECREASE SALINITY 5. What is echo sounding and how does it work? 6. What are the parts of the water cycle? Give the definition of each part. 7. Define and list some examples of the following ocean life forms: Phytoplankton: Zooplankton: Nekton: Moving Benthos (walking or crawling): Non-moving Benthos (rooted or burrowing): 8. Know the following ocean zones: intertidal, neritic, open-ocean, surface, transition and deep. 9. What are the parts of a wave? 10. How do waves change/shape a beach? 11. What causes surface currents? What causes most deep currents?

4 12. What causes tides? 13. What is the difference between a spring tide and a neap tide? What is the alignment of the earth, moon and the sun for each? GEOLOGY REVIEW (Use the Green Note Packet and Vocabulary) What are the four layers of Earth s interior? (use your Earth s Interior worksheet and/or diagram in the book) What are the three types of volcanoes and know their differences. Be able to identify the parts of a volcano. What is the difference between magma and lava? Know what an earthquake is and words associated with them. (fault, transform boundary, etc.) What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake? Explain/describe the different types of waves that are produced from an earthquake and how you use them to find the epicenter on a map. Name the five characteristics a mineral must have. Name and define the ways to identify a mineral (tests). Name two minerals and describe how they are used. Be able to calculate Specific Gravity Problems. A. A mineral has a water weight of 35 grams and an air weight of 50 grams. What is the specific gravity of the mineral? B. The air weight of a mineral is found to be 84 grams. The difference between the two weights is 12 grams. What is the specific gravity of the mineral?

5 Describe how each of the three types of rocks form and the rock cycle. Study your rock cycle diagrams. Erosion and deposition play roles in the formation of rock. Great heat and pressure play a role in forming rock. Volcanic activity plays a role in forming rock. Name the different textures for igneous rocks. Give examples of rocks for each texture. Name the different classifications of sedimentary rocks. Give examples of each. Name the different textures of metamorphic rocks. Give examples of each. What is the difference between absolute and relative age? What is the Law of Superposition? Given a diagram, be able to state which layer or event happened first/last, etc. Index fossils are used to tell the ages of the rocks that they are in. What are the 4 eras of geologic time? Which is the era of invertebrates? The age of reptiles/dinosaurs? The age of mammals? Element J has a half-life of 30 years. How much will be left in 120 years if you start with 240 grams? Define the following terms: a. Geologic time b. Era c. Period

6 d. Unconformity - e. Extrusion & intrusion - f. Radioactive decay g. Half-life ASTRONOMY REVIEW (Use the Yellow Note Packet and Vocabulary) 1. What is the name of the diagram below? Hertzsprung Russell Diagram. H/R Diagram. Aspire. 12/11/ What two items of information does this diagram tell us about stars? 3. Vega is what type of star? Color? Betelgeuse is what type of star? Color? 4. Study your Planet Quiz know facts and characteristics (study note packet as well) 5. Understand the difference between rotation, revolution and orbit. 6. What is a constellation? Know your constellation packet (pictures, name, and major stars) in your note packet. 7. Be able to describe the life cycle of a star and all of the paths that a star can take from birth to death.

7 8. Know the 3 types of galaxies. What type is the Milky Way? 9. What is a lunar eclipse? What is a solar eclipse? During what phases of the moon can an eclipse occur? METEOROLOGY STUDY GUIDE (Use your Purple Note Packet and Vocabulary) Name that. Instrument: An instrument that measures humidity Instrument that measures air pressure Instrument used to measure temperature Cloud: Low lying stratus clouds Large, fluffy clouds with flat bottoms Feathery clouds at very high altitudes Grey smooth clouds that cover the whole sky and block the sun Winds and Lines: Winds that move long distances from one direction Winds that move short distances from any direction Lines on a map used to connect areas of the same air pressure Lines on a map used to connect areas of the same temperature All About Water: The process by which molecules of water vapor become liquid A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum it can hold All filled up Liquid water becomes water vapor The temperature at which condensation begins Miscellaneous: The result of a column of air pressing down on an area Unit of measurement used to describe air pressure Measure of the movement of molecules Can you solve (remember all three steps) 45 o F o C 93 o F o C 8 o C o F 27 o C o F

8 Using the chart on page 562 of your textbook, determine the relative humidity. Dry Bulb Temperature = 14 O C Wet Bulb Temperature = 13 O C Dry Bulb Temperature = 18 O C Wet Bulb Temperature = 14 O C Dry Bulb Temperature = 15 O C Wet Bulb Temperature = 13 O C Diagrams/Maps Please answer the questions below that pertain to this diagram. What is the name of this diagram? What is the Air Pressure? What is the Dew Point Temperature? What is the Wind Direction? (write it out) What is the Present Weather? What is the Cloud Coverage? Sunny What pressure system is over Idaho and Montana? What are the white, curvy lines on the map called? What type of front is moving into the Ohio region? W hat type of air will this bring to Ohio? The front in Pennsylvania is called? What type of weather is associated with this front?

9 What percent of the air does Nitrogen take up? What percent of the air does Oxygen take up? What global wind belt affects the United States? What are the main types of clouds? Name the layers of the atmosphere and the important characteristics of each. Name the 4 major types of air masses and state whether they are dry/humid and/or warm/cold. THIS IS ONLY A GUIDE AND THERE MAY BE QUESTIONS ON THE FINAL THAT ARE NOT ON THIS REVIEW SHEET YOU SHOULD ALSO STUDY YOUR TEST REVIEW SHEETS FROM EACH UNIT TEST THAT WAS GIVEN, YOUR HOMEWORK NOTEBOOK, LABS AND NOTE PACKETS. IF YOU HAVE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS, PLEASE SEE ME DURING MPP. FINAL EXAM DATE June 8, 2012