Canada Line Project. Stability of the Twin Bored Tunnels Under False Creek. Vancouver, British Columbia

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1 Canada Line Project Stability of the Twin Bored Tunnels Under False Creek Vancouver, British Columbia By: Catherine Paul, Jen Ramesch, Matt Gellis, Matthew Yip, and Rhaul Sharma

2 Canada Line Canada Line will connect downtown Vancouver with central Richmond and Vancouver International Airport (19.5km long) The Canada Line will consist of: 18 stations along its route one bridge crossing the Fraser River Elevated Guideway section over the City of Richmond Cut and Cover method tunnels (Marine Drive to Cambie Street) Twin Bored Tunnel section (Cambie St. to Waterfront) Anticipated commuter time of 25 to 30 minutes with approximately 40 million boardings by the year 2010 Construction has commenced and is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2009 (to avoid major delays and construction during the Olympic Games) The need for Canada Line; One of the busiest corridors in Vancouver Road congestion has increased by 36% in the last 10 years Canada Line will provide the equivalent capacity of 10 arterial roads Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 2

3 Canada Line Twin Bored Tunnel Section Looking North Looking South Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 3

4 Twin Bored Tunnels Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machine Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 4

5 A Location Twin Bored Tunnels Regional Geology A Entry Point Section A A Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 5

6 Phase 2 Analysis - Sections Fill and Marine Sediments Glacial Till Sandstone Bedrock (weak) Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 6

7 Material Properties Lithologic Unit Unit Weight (kn/m3) Material Type Elastic Properties Young's Modulus Poisson's Ratio 13 Plastic Glacial Till 22 Plastic Sandstone 25 Plastic Strength Parameters Failure Criterion Tensiles Strength Cohesion (MPa) Friction Angle (deg) Dialation Angle (MPa) Peak Residual Peak Residual (deg) Mohr-Coloumb Mohr-Coloumb Mohr-Coloumb Fill & Marine Sediments Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 7

8 TBM Advancement Settlement Progression Profile 100% 3D SOIL DILATION PRIOR TO CONCRETE INSTALLATION 3D 6D 50% 28% 10% 0% D TBM STANDARD D MODELLED D EPBM (IDEAL) Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 8

9 Phase 2 Analysis Model Section 3 Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 9

10 Phase 2 Analysis Model Section 3 Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 10

11 Sensitivity Analysis Total Displacement (m) % -15% 0% +15% +30% Variance of Parameters Unit Weight of Sandstone Unit Weight of Till Young's Modulus of Marine Sediments (and Fill) Unit Weight of Marine Sediments (and Fill) Young's Modulus of Sandstone Young's Modulus of Till Lateral Earth Pressure, K Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 11

12 Conclusions Model Section Total Displacement (mm) Based on this preliminary assessment, tunnel stability should not t be a major issue assuming proper support guidelines are followed. The possible presence of one or more shear or fault zones crossing the tunnel alignment may be a cause for concern. Recommend additional drilling to further investigate presence of faults and discontinuities, including orientation relative to tunnel axis (unable to determine strike and dip from current borehole data) Vortech Engineering Ltd. EOSC Term Project 12

13 Minimum Pillar Width Between Twin Bored Tunnels along Granville St. International Solutions Ltd. Veronica Lau, Murthy Pathi, Roald Strand, Daniela Welkner & Marcia Wilson

14 Introduction Downtown Granville St. From Nelson to W. Cordova Twin side-by by-side tunnel section using TBM

15 Information Provided Tunnel Diameter Depth to Top of Tunnel Types of Soil/Rock to be encountered Assumptions Required Rock/soil parameters Building loads and position Water table elevation Stratigraphy Constant tunnel depth Tunnel support

16 Analysis Numerical modelling using Phase2 Several different scenarios Varying rock and soil interfaces Excavation sequencing Building excavation option Strength factor

17 Scenario 1 Twin Bored Tunnels Water table 20m deep Water table at surface

18 Scenario 2 Influence of Existing Buildings Pre-Tunnel Conditions Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

19 Scenario 3 Impact of Future Building Till Sandstone Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

20 Scenario 4 Future Building & Thicker Soil Cover Till Sandstone Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

21 Summary & Conclusions Potential failures (assuming a twin-tunnel tunnel spacing of 11.4m) when tunnels driven in poor till or sand, successes when driven in poor to good sandstones geology plays a significant role in determining pillar width Found that sequence of construction is relevant, especially with respect to future developments in Vancouver s s downtown core (i.e. interactions between new building foundations and existing Canada Line tunnels)

22 Tunnel Spacing 11.4m 2 tunnel diameters only with proper soil improvement or tunnel support

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