Name Class Date. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank.

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1 Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank. Precambrian time Paleozoic era Mesozoic era Cenozoic era 1. During, life is thought to have originated from nonliving matter. 2. The Age of Mammals refers to the. 3. The Age of Reptiles refers to the. 4. Plants colonized land during the. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ. 5. relative dating and absolute dating 6. primates and hominids UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS Multiple Choice 7. If the half-life of an unstable element is 5,000 years, what percentage of the parent material will be left after 10,000 years? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% 8. The first cells on Earth appeared in a. Precambrian time. b. the Paleozoic era. c. the Mesozoic era. d. the Cenozoic era. Holt Science and Technology 34 The History of Life on Earth

2 9. In which era are we currently living? a. Precambrian time b. Paleozoic era c. Mesozoic era d. Cenozoic era 10. Scientists think that the closest living relatives of humans are a. lemurs. b. monkeys. c. gorillas. d. chimpanzees. Short Answer 11. Describe how plant and animal remains can become fossils. 12. What information do fossils provide about the history of life? 13. List three important steps in the early development of life on Earth. 14. List two important groups of organisms that appeared during each of the three most recent geologic eras. 15. Describe the event that scientists think caused the mass extinction at the end of the Mesozoic era. 16. From which geologic era are fossils most commonly found? Holt Science and Technology 35 The History of Life on Earth

3 17. Describe two characteristics that are shared by all primates. 18. Which hominid species is alive today? CRITICAL THINKING 19. Concept Mapping Use the following terms to create a concept map: Earth s history, humans, Paleozoic era, dinosaurs, Precambrian time, land plants, Mesozoic era, cyanobacteria, and Cenozoic era. Holt Science and Technology 36 The History of Life on Earth

4 20. Applying Concepts Can footprints be fossils? Explain your answer. 21. Making Inferences If you find rock layers containing fish fossils in a desert, what can you infer about the history of the desert? 22. Applying Concepts Explain how an environmental change can threaten the survival of a species. Give two examples. 23. Analyzing Ideas Why do scientists think the first cells did not need oxygen to survive? 24. Identifying Relationships How does the extinction that occurred at the end of the Mesozoic era relate to the Age of Mammals? 25. Making Comparisons Make a table listing the similarities and differences between australopithecines, early members of the group Homo, and modern members of the species Homo sapiens. Holt Science and Technology 37 The History of Life on Earth

5 INTERPRETING GRAPHICS The graph below shows data about fossilized teeth that were found within a series of rock layers. Use this graph to answer the questions that follow. 26. Which of the following statements best describes the information presented in the graph? a. Over time, the number of carnivores decreased and the number of herbivores increased. b. Over time, the number of carnivores increased and the number of herbivores increased. c. Over time, the number of carnivores and herbivores remained the same. d. Over time, the number of carnivores increased and the number of herbivores decreased. 27. At what point did carnivore teeth begin to outnumber herbivore teeth? a. between layer 1 and layer 2 b. between layer 2 and layer 3 c. between layer 3 and layer 4 d. between layer 4 and layer 5 Holt Science and Technology 38 The History of Life on Earth

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