DYNAMIC PLANET. School Name Team # Division B Science Olympiad Ladera Vista Invitational 12/10/2016

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1 DYNAMIC PLANET School Name Team # Division B Science Olympiad Ladera Vista Invitational 12/10/2016

2 You may separate this test, but please staple it back together in order when you are finished. Tie breakers questions have an * before the number. 1. What is the concept that adding or removing weight from Earth s crust causes it to depress or rebound called? A. Continental drift B. Plate tectonics C. Rifting D. Seafloor spreading 2. What name did Alfred Wegener give to his theory of horizontal crustal movement? A. Continental drift B. Isostasy C. Plate tectonics D. Rifting E. Seafloor spreading 3. What name did Wegener give to his proposed single supercontinent? A. Eurasia B. Gondwana C. Laurasia D. Pangea E. Panthalassa 4. What type(s) of evidence did Wegener use to support his theory? A. Distributions of fossil plants and animals B. Distributions of modern plants and animals C. Geographic fit of the continents and features D. Paleoclimatic oddities such as glacial till, coral reefs, and coal E. All of the above *5. Why was Wegener s theory rejected by geophysicists of the 1920s? (TB1) A. Lack of mechanism for continents to plough through oceanic crust B. The concentration of continents in the northern hemisphere C. Earth was thought to be too young for such movements D. The presence of a continent directly over the south pole E. All of the above 6. What finally convinced geologists that the continents did move? A. Dinosaur distributions B. Lystrosaurus in Antarctica C. Mantle convections D. Paleomagnetism E. The mid-ocean ridge

3 7. Which is a characteristic of the stripes due to magnetic anomalies on the seafloor? A. They parallel mid-ocean ridges and are offset along transform faults. B. They run perpendicular to mid-ocean ridges and parallel to transform faults. C. They parallel continental margins and transform faults. D. They run perpendicular to continental margins and parallel to transform faults. *8. What is the age order of the sea floor types from oldest to youngest? (TB2) A. Abyssal hills, abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridge, continental shelf B. Abyssal plain, abyssal hills, mid-ocean ridge, continental shelf C. Continental shelf, abyssal plains, abyssal hills, mid-ocean ridge D. Mid-ocean ridge, abyssal hills, abyssal plains, continental shelf E. Mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains, abyssal hills, continental shelf 9. Which sea is an example of rifting forming an incipient ocean? A. Baltic Sea B. Bering Sea C. Black Sea D. English Channel E. Red Sea 10. Which sea is a remnant of a larger ocean that has closed up? A. Baltic Sea B. Bering Sea C. Black Sea D. English Channel E. Red Sea 11. How does plate tectonics theory explain the Ural Mountains separating Europe and Asia? A. Ancient collisions and suturing of Europe and Asia B. Eurasia is moving over a hot spot in the middle C. Incipient rifting apart of Europe and Asia D. Intraplate orogenesis in Eurasia E. The Urals are the one mountain chain that was better explained by older theories. 12. What does plate tectonic theory predict about the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes? A. They should be evenly distributed throughout Earth. B. They should occur primarily along plate boundaries. C. They should occur primarily in deep ocean basins. D. They should occur primarily on continental margins.

4 *For questions 13-25, match the geologic features below with the type of plate boundaries that they are associated with. (TB3- the total number correct in this section.) 13. Andesitic volcanoes 14. Basaltic volcanoes 15. Continental collisions 16. Deep-focus earthquakes 17. Deep-sea trenches 18. Island arcs 19. Long linear scarps 20. Mid-ocean ridges 21. Normal faults 22. Reverse faults 23. Rift valleys 24. Strike-slip faults 25. Subduction zones Answer choices: A. Convergent plate boundaries B. Divergent plate boundaries C. Transform plate boundaries

5 *For questions 26-32, use the images above to match each island system/mountain with the kind of convergent plate boundary that formed it. (TB4- the total correct in this section) Answer choices: A. Continental crust colliding with continental crust B. Continental crust colliding with ocean crust C. Not a case of plate convergence D. Oceanic crust colliding with oceanic crust

6 26. Aleutian Islands 27. Alps 28. Andes Mountains 29. Appalachian Mountains 30.Cascade Mountains 31.Hawaiian Islands 32.Ural Mountains 33. What is the east coast of the United States an example of? A. Active continental margin B. Convergent plate boundary C. Divergent plate boundary D. Passive continental margin E. Transform plate boundary 34. What is the San Andreas Fault in southern California an example of? A. Active continental margin B. Convergent plate boundary C. Divergent plate boundary D. Passive continental margin E. Transform plate boundary 35. What has become accepted as the primary mechanism for seafloor spreading? A. Density differences in the crust B. Gravitational and tidal forces C. Mantle convections D. The pole-fleeing force E. Weight of seafloor sediments *36. How is oceanic crust forced back into Earth s mantle? (TB5) A. It wants to float but is forced to curl as it cools. B. It wants to float but is forced under by colliding plates. C. It wants to sink because it is made of low density minerals. D. It wants to sink because it is cool and therefore very dense. E. It wants to float because of its high iron content.

7 37. Which modern continents were derived from Gondwana? A. Africa, Antarctica, Australia, India, South America B. Africa, Antarctica, Australia, North America, South America C. Asia, Antarctica, Australia, Europe, South America D. Asia, Antarctica, Australia, North America, South America E. Asia,Europe, India, North America, South America 38. Which of the following is used as evidence of seafloor spreading? A. Fossil evidence B. Climate clues C. Rock clues D. Magnetic pole reversals 39.What type of forces create mountains? A. Tension forces B. Compression forces C. Horizontal forces D. Convection forces 40. What is the name of the supercontinent in the illustration below? A. Laurasia B. Gondwana C. North America D. Pangea 41. Which term refers to the rigid layer of Earth that is about 100m thick and generally less dense than the material below it? A. Asthenosphere B. Lithosphere C. Plate D. Core

8 42. What is the approximate rate of plate movement? A. A few centimeters each year B. A few millimeters each year C. A few meters each year D. A few kilometers each year 43. What type of plate boundary has plates sliding past each other? A. Convergent boundaries B. Divergent boundaries C. Subduction zone D. Transform boundaries 44. What type of plate boundary is most likely to occur at point A in the diagram below? A. Transform B. Divergent C. Reverse D. Convergent

9 For questions 45-47, use the answers below to match each picture with the type of lava. Answer choices: A. Pillow B. Aa C. Blocky lava D. Pahoehoe Which of the following can be explained at Point B in the diagram below? A. Plates move apart and volcanoes form B. Plates move past each other sideways C. Plates are not moving D. Plates move toward each other and volcanoes form

10 Using the image below, match the correct letter in the image with the features or statement, for questions Fracture zone 50. New crust is formed here 51. Active transform fault 52. Lithosphere 53. Asthenosphere 54. Trench Using the image below, match the correct letter in the image with the feature, for questions Convection 56. Subduction 57. Mid-ocean ridge 58. Volcanic arc

11 59. Sea floor spreading *60. Which of the following is a characteristic of a tsunami? (TB6) A. Very low amplitude in an open ocean B. Very fast moving on an open ocean C. Very long wavelength in an open ocean D. All of the above 61. The most common type of volcano in the Ring of Fire is A. A composite volcano B. A shield volcano C. A cinder volcano D. A volcanic fissure *62. What does an orange volcano alert mean? (TB7) A. An eruption is likely within hours or days B. There is no immediate risk C. Weak unrest D. Intense unrest E. An eruption is underway 63. Which of the following is NOT a hazard of ash fall? A. Contamination of surface water B. Destruction of vegetation C. Structural damage to buildings due to increased load on roofs D. Irritation of people s respiratory system and eyes E. Liquefaction 64. What are the 3 major killers in volcanic eruptions? A. Lava flows, ash fall, and tsunami B. Lahars, tsunami, and lava flows C. Ash fall, earthquakes, and lightning D. Tsunami, indirect (climate change) and pyroclastic flows 65. What is a pyroclastic flow? A. A fast moving mixture of water and volcanic debris B. A moving mass of burning trees C. A slow moving mixture of volcanic gas and lava D. A very fast moving mixture of hot gases and volcanic debris 66. What is the most viscous type of lava flow? A. Aa B. Pahoehoe C. Pillow D. Pyroclastic

12 Use the answers below to match the layers of Earth in the 2 images below, for questions Answer Choices: A. Inner core B. Outer core C. Lithosphere D. Crust E. Asthenosphere F. Mantle 73. What two metals make up most of the inner core? A. Iron and sulfur B. Iron and nickel C. Nickel and cobalt D. Cobalt and aluminium E. Silicon and oxygen For questions 74-76, identify the type of fault shown in each picture. Answer choices: A. Strike-slip fault B. Thrust fault C. Reverse fault D. Normal fault 74.

13 Use the seismogram below to answer questions 77 and Location A on the seismogram is the arrival of the waves. A. Secondary B. Love C. Primary D. Rayleigh 78. Location C on the seismogram is the arrival of the waves. A. Secondary B. Love C. Primary D. Rayleigh 79. The magnitude of historical eruptions can be measured by the. A. Modified Mercalli Volcano Index

14 B. Richter Scale C. Bowen s reaction series D. Eruption Index of Concerned Scientists E. Volcano Explosivity Index 80. How many seismograph stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E The type of plate boundary least likely to have volcanoes is A. Subduction zone B. Ridge or spreading center C. Transform D. Divergent 82. What is true about hot spots? A. They produce tracks as the plates move over them B. They occur only under oceanic crust C. They occur only under continents D. They are the cause of regional metamorphism 83. We can use paleomagnetic studies to determine: A. The location of the continents in the past B. The location of the magnetic field in the future C. Ancient climates D. The safety of space vehicles 84. All of the following are names given to supercontinents that later broke up except: A. Gondwana B. Tethys C. Pangea D. Laurasia E. Rodinia 85. At a mid-ocean ridge, you would expect to find A. Very ancient rocks B. Very thick accumulations of sediment C. Thrust faults D. Relatively young rocks

15 86. The formation of the island of Hawaii and the Loihi Seamount are the result of A. Oceanic-oceanic plate boundaries B. Hot spots C. Divergent plate boundaries D. Transform boundaries E. Oceanic-continental plate boundaries 87. Seismologists believe Earth s core is liquid because A. Certain types of seismic waves do not pass through liquids B. Earth wobbles on its axis C. It s the least logical conclusion available D. Molten rock sometimes erupts on the surface 88. From a seismogram, the distance to an earthquake can be determined by measuring A. The speed of the surface wave B. The ratio of the amplitude of the largest P and S waves C. The arrival times of the surface waves D. The difference in the arrival times of the P and S waves E. None of the above 89. When seismic waves travel through materials having different properties, their direction of travel changes. The phenomenon is called A. Wave elasticity B. Wave deflection C. Wave energy dissipation D. Wave reflection E. Wave refraction *90. How much more energy is released by a magnitude 5 earthquake than a magnitude 2 earthquake? (TB8) A. 2.5 times B times C. 3 times D. 27,000 times E. 30 times THE END!

16 DYNAMIC PLANET ANSWER DOCUMENT TEAM # * * * * *60. *90. TOTAL SCORE

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