Origin of Life. prebiotic before life

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Origin of Life. prebiotic before life"

Transcription

1 Origin of Life prebiotic before life autocatalysis a reaction in which the products of the reaction result in an increase in the rate of product formation

2 Age of Universe estimated ±0.037 billion years Age of solar system 4.6 billion years Prebiotic atmosphere - mostly methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen and water - virtually no free oxygen

3

4 Stanley Miller and Harold Urey s 1953 flask discharge experiment sparking (to simulate lightning) of water and simulated prebiotic atmosphere, i.e., methane, ammonia, and either hydrogen or nitrogen spontaneously produces aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide which react to form aminonitrile which reacts with water to form the amino acid alanine or with formaldehyde and water to form glycine

5

6 flask discharge end products (within a few days) all of the 20 (and more) amino acids found in life forms on earth the building blocks of life this could have filled the world's oceans with amino acids in concentrations to 10-4 M in only 10 million years the blink of an eye in geological time also produced: nucleotide purines and pyrimidines ribose sugar but these do not spontaneously combine to form deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides

7 Why RNA was probably the first genetic material ATP and GTP are used as energy sources by all living organisms its components (i.e., nucleotide bases and ribose sugar; not RNA itself) are formed spontaneously in flask discharge experiments it has both genotypic and phenotypic properties (unlike DNA or amino acids which do only one or the other) genotypic: it self replicates with sequence fidelity (autocatalytic); it is the genetic material of many viruses phenotypic: it folds to produce secondary structure with protein-like functions, e.g., ribozymes, ribosomes, self polymerization, self splicing it has sequence-specific affinity for amino acids, i.e., translation transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNAs are synapomorphies of all living organisms

8

9 but did life begin on earth? carbonaceous chondrite a type of meteorite that includes water, carbon, hydrocarbons, and amino acids (including some that do not occur in organisms on earth) Panspermia hypothesis extraterrestrial origin of life bacteria have survived extraterrestrial conditions on US space flights

10 Geology - the study of earth and rocks types of rocks igneous from molten magma metamorphic from deformed sedimentary rocks sedimentary the type of rock that often preserves fossils stratigraphy the study of sedimentary layers superposition the notion that younger strata rest on top of older ones (barring deformation), introduces the concept of relative dating

11 relative measures of geological time superposition, indicator fossils, magnetic reversals absolute measure of geological time radioisotopic decay (probablistic) different elements for different time intervals based on half-life 235 Ur 207 Pb billion year half-life only good for dating inorganic rocks 40 K 40 Ar billion year half-life only good for dating really old inorganic rocks 14 C 12 N years only good for dating quite recently living things

12 Review of Plate Tectonics island chain Distilling of lighter silicates hotspot Subduction zone at continental plate-ocean plate boundary

13 Seismic Activity

14 vectors and rates of plate movement

15 fossil record of life on earth all cellular life on earth believed to have a common origin the evidence comes from the same genes that are shared by ALL living things Phanerozoic 600 million years to present; the period of time during which fossils of organisms with hard body parts are preserved; Once thought to be the complete fossil record In fact, fossil microbes at least ~3.5 billion years old

16 Eons Hadeon 4.6 to 4 billion years ago condensation of earth and moon frequent bombardment by asteroids turnover of early crust Archean 4 to 2.5 billion years ago formation of most continental crust origin and proliferation of anaerobic cyanobacteria Proterozoic 2.5 billion to million years ago plate tectonics in action evidence of supercontinent ( Rodinia ) build-up of atmospheric free oxygen ends with protracted Ediacaran transition to Cambrian soft-bodied multicellular plants and animals at least by Ediacaran Phanerozoic million years ago to present proliferation of hard bodied multicellular organisms

17 stromatolites - precipitated by blue green algae (cyanobacteria)

18 Sectioned stromatolites

19 fossil cyanobacteria ~3.5 billion years old

20 Newly discovered in 2017 nanotubules of possible bacterial origin between billion years old, just 340 million years after the formation of the planet, Nuvvuagittuq Formation CA

21 Xiao, Zhang,& Knoll (1998) Three-dimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite. Nature. 391:

22 cleavage

23 Precambrian Embryos (and/or colonial protists) Neoproterozoic ( MY) Doushantuo Formation China

24 Precambrian multicellular algae Neoproterozoic ( MY) Doushantuo Formation, China living Porphyra algae

25 Dickinsonia costata Ediacaran (late pre-cambrian MY) Australia (soft-bodied invertebrate, lichen or colonial microbe?)

26 The Phanerozoic Eon Eras Periods comments Paleozoic MYA Pangean supercontinent Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian ends with first great extinction Mesozoic MYA ( Age of Reptiles ) Laurasia and Gondwana supercontinents separated by equatorial Tethys Sea Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous ends with second great extinction Cenozoic 66.5 MYA-present ( Age of Mammals ) modern continents Paleogene Neogene

27 Era Periods comments Paleozoic MYA Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian Pangean supercontinent first animals with hard body parts most invertebrate Phyla present brachiopods and cephalopods dominant all animals marine first land plants first cephalochordates and agnathans extensive continental seaways jawless fish flourish first jawed fishes land arthropods all fish present first amphibians first winged insects tropical/subtropical, wet lobe finned fishes dominant first reptiles breakup of Pangea continental elevation cooler ends with first great extinction

28 Era Periods comments Mesozoic MYA ( Age of Reptiles ) Laurasia and Gondwana supercontinents separated by equatorial Tethys sea hotter and arid Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Gymnosperms dominant first mammal-like reptiles first dinosaurs formation of Atlantic Ocean begins development of continental seaways first birds Angiosperms ends with second great extinction

29 Chicxulub Crater from

30 Chicxulub Meteor impact-generated wildfires Daniel D. Durda, NASA/UA Space Imagery Center's Impact Cratering Series

31 Era Periods Epochs comments Cenozoic 66.5 MYA - present ( Age of Mammals ) Paleogene Paleocene Archaic mammals Eocene Oligocene modern mammals and birds first anthropoids Antarctic circumpolar current latitudinal thermal stratification global cooling first apes Miocene Pliocene first hominids Neogene Pleistocene first humans Holocene

32 Ordovician Echinoderms sessile crinoid (above) free-swimming cystoids

33 Ostracoderms: the earliest jawless fishes Ordovician-Silurian

34 Devonian Ostracoderms from Wyoming

35 Ostracoderm head armor

36 Ostracoderm nervous system pharynx

37 Placoderms: earliest jawed fishes Silurian-Devonian

38 Placoderm head armor Paired appendages Bothriolepis Devonian Wyoming

39 Dunkleosteus (arthrodire placoderm) Devonian apex predator

40 Sarcopterygii: fleshy finned fishes Devonian-Carboniferous Dipnoi: lungfishes Crossopterygii: coelocanths

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes.

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes. Unit 1B Lesson 4 History of Life on Earth How do we learn about ancient life? Paleontologists scientists that studies fossils Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological

More information

Module 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes

Module 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes The geologic time scale holds secrets to the life that has existed on Earth since the beginning of time. It is time for you to take a journey through the history of Earth. 1 Click on each of the segments

More information

Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE

Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) 1 DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE 2 Imagine putting everything that has happened on Earth into a one hour time frame! 3 12:00am

More information

Fossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013

Fossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013 Fossils Biology 2 Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a group of organisms over time. Causes: Natural Selection Artificial Selection Genetic Engineering Genetic Drift Hybridization Mutation

More information

Earth s s Geologic History

Earth s s Geologic History The Earth s s Geologic History and The Earth s s Interior Earth s s Geologic History Geologic timescale Divides Earth s s history into relative time periods Relative dating based on: (apply for entire

More information

Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale

Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale http://www.bonnechere.ca/naturalhistory.htm http://comp.uark.edu/~sboss/geotime.htm http://www.britannica.com/ebchecked/media/1650/the-geologic-time-scale-from-650-million-years-ago-to

More information

Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Name Class Date Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages 417-422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils?

More information

Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth

Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth Chemical conditions of the early Earth A model for the first cells First life Life changes the planet: oxygenating Earth s oceans and atmosphere

More information

Outline. Origin and History of Life

Outline. Origin and History of Life Origin and History of Life Chapter 19 Primitive Earth Origin of First Cells Fossils The Precambrian The Paleozoic The Mesozoic The Cenozoic Continental Drift Mass Extinctions Outline 1 2 The Primitive

More information

Chapter 14 The History of Life

Chapter 14 The History of Life Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change Section 2: The Origin of Life Click on a lesson name to select. 14.1 Fossil Evidence of Change Land Environments Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Gravity pulled

More information

sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20)

sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20) sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20) 2007-2008 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago PRECAMBRIAN PROTEROZOIC 0 500 1000 Cenozoic

More information

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? What

More information

The History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17

The History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17 Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time scale that is used

More information

Origins of Life. Fundamental Properties of Life. The Tree of Life. Chapter 26

Origins of Life. Fundamental Properties of Life. The Tree of Life. Chapter 26 Origins of Life The Tree of Life Cell is the basic unit of life Today all cells come from pre-existing cells Earth formed ~4.5 billion years ago (BYA) Chapter 26 As it cooled, chemically-rich oceans were

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative dating - Using fundamental principles of geology (Steno's Laws, Fossil Succession, etc.) to determine the relative ages of rocks (which rocks

More information

Page 143: Geologic Time

Page 143: Geologic Time Page 143: Geologic Time Divide pages 144-147 in 6 One for each box: Hadeon Eon Archeon Eon Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Mississipian Period Pennsylvanian

More information

Name Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle.

Name Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. Chapter 17 The History of Life Chapter Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Across 2. time span shorter than an era, such as Quaternary

More information

History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale

History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale Agenda or Summary Layout The Geological Time-Scale 1 2 3 The Geological Time-Scale The Beginning of Life Cambrian Explosion The Geological Time-Scale

More information

UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity

UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity CHAPTER 14: The History of Life PAST NOW FUTURE? What is this? Earth s Early history Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the Earth was formed when many pieces of

More information

I. History of Life on Earth

I. History of Life on Earth Evolution I. History of Life on Earth I. History of Life A. Early History of Earth I. Early earth was inhospitable hot, with many volcanoes little free oxygen and lots of carbon dioxide other gases present:

More information

5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture?

5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture? CHAPTER 6 5 Time Marches On SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do geologists measure time? How has life changed

More information

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Name Class Date Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time

More information

Earth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras

Earth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras The Earth is 4.6 billion years old! Earth History Mrs. Burkey ESS Cy Creek HS 17-18 If the Earth formed at midnight 6:00 am First life appears 10:00 pm First animals/plants on land 11:59 pm First humans

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era EVOLUTION. beginning of life is called. to. PRECAMBRIAN TIME.

Directed Reading. Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era EVOLUTION. beginning of life is called. to. PRECAMBRIAN TIME. Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era 1. Where is the geologic history of Earth recorded? 2. What kind of information can scientists get from the types of rock

More information

Geologic Time and Life in the Oceans. Oceans and Life. How Old is Earth? The Solar System? Oceans are the birthplace of life.

Geologic Time and Life in the Oceans. Oceans and Life. How Old is Earth? The Solar System? Oceans are the birthplace of life. Geologic Time and Life in the Oceans Oceans and Life Oceans are the birthplace of life. Life metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli Metabolism use of energy stored in ambient chemicals Reproduction

More information

Study Guide. Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change CHAPTER 14

Study Guide. Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change CHAPTER 14 Name Date Class Study Guide CHAPTER 14 Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change In your textbook, read about Earth s early history. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. Solid Earth formed about

More information

Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time.

Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. Section 1: Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the similarities and differences between

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different

More information

Chapter 19. History of Life on Earth

Chapter 19. History of Life on Earth Chapter 19 History of Life on Earth Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Chapter 19 Section 3: Evolution of Life Key Vocabulary Terms Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic prokaryotes Adapted

More information

EARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its:

EARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: EARTH S HISTORY 1 What is Geology? Geo: earth logy: science Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: composition, structure, and physical properties. 2 1 Geologists study: the origin

More information

Bio 2 Plant and Animal Biology

Bio 2 Plant and Animal Biology Bio 2 Plant and Animal Biology Evolution Evolution as the explanation for life s unity and diversity Darwinian Revolution Two main Points Descent with Modification Natural Selection Biological Species

More information

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. The Ever-Changing Earth. Early Life. Evolution and the Fossil Record. Life in the Phanerozoic Eon

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. The Ever-Changing Earth. Early Life. Evolution and the Fossil Record. Life in the Phanerozoic Eon Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 11 A Brief History of Life on Earth Chapter Overview The Ever-Changing Earth Early Life Evolution and the Fossil Record Life in the Phanerozoic

More information

First, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon

First, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon HISTORY OF LIFE WRITTEN IN THE ROCKS (geological record): notice how at first no life, very simple if for billions of years, complex life only recently 600 mya In these chapters, two primary themes: History

More information

Age of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary

Age of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary Age of Earth/Geologic Time Vocabulary Big Ideas Geologic Time Earth Structures Identify current methods for measuring the age of Earth and its parts, including the law of superposition and radioactive

More information

Origin of Life. What is Life? The evolutionary tree of life can be documented with evidence. The Origin of Life on Earth is another

Origin of Life. What is Life? The evolutionary tree of life can be documented with evidence. The Origin of Life on Earth is another sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Origin of Life 500 Paleozoic 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago 1000 PROTEROZOIC Cenozoic Mesozoic 4000

More information

The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System. The Structure of the Earth. Temperature 3000º ºC. Mantle

The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System. The Structure of the Earth. Temperature 3000º ºC. Mantle The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System Objectives: Understand the structure of the planet Earth Review the geologic timescale as a point of reference for the history of the Earth Examine the major relief

More information

TIME. Does not give the. Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd. Gives a. exact date of an event. event. Radioactive Dating.

TIME. Does not give the. Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd. Gives a. exact date of an event. event. Radioactive Dating. Geologic History TIME Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd Does not give the exact date of an event Gives a date or time of an event Uses the Law of Superposition Radioactive Dating Youngest Law

More information

Name: Date: Period: Page 1

Name: Date: Period: Page 1 Name: Date: Period: Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the three bedrock outcrops below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The outcrops, labeled I, II, and III, are located within 15 kilometers

More information

The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck)

The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck) The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck) The fossil record indicates the evolutionary history of life. Many events together, including: continental drift, changes in

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Finding the age of rocks: Relative versus Actual Dating The science that deals with determining the ages of rocks is called geochronology. Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative

More information

~22.5 MYA ~2500 MYA ~3000MYA ~3500 MYA ~1000 MYA ~2100 MYA. Early apes are found. Savannas expand

~22.5 MYA ~2500 MYA ~3000MYA ~3500 MYA ~1000 MYA ~2100 MYA. Early apes are found. Savannas expand Early apes are found. Savannas expand ~22.5 MYA Photosynthesis by blue-green bacteria. Oxygen forms in the atmosphere but immediately reacts with molecules in the ocean and crust of the Earth. The actual

More information

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out Correlating beds using index fossils Stratigraphic Classification: Piles of stratified rocks need to be classified. A formation is an easily identifiable rock unit that differs from layers above and below

More information

GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD

GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD NAME Multiple Choice 1. Fossils are most commonly found in A. sedimentary rocks. B. metamorphic rocks. C. igneous rocks. D. all kinds of rocks.

More information

Geological Time How old is the Earth

Geological Time How old is the Earth Geological Time How old is the Earth How old is everything? Universe? Universe ~ 14 Billion Years Old Milky Way Galaxy? Milky Way Galaxy - 10 Billion Years Old Solar System? Solar System -4.6 Billion Years

More information

The Phanerozoic Eon. 542 mya Present. Divided into 3 Eras The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras

The Phanerozoic Eon. 542 mya Present. Divided into 3 Eras The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras 542 mya Present The Phanerozoic Eon Divided into 3 Eras The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras The ends of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras were marked by mass extinctions The Cenozoic Era is still

More information

Chapter 26. Origin of Life

Chapter 26. Origin of Life Chapter 26. Origin of Life 1 The history tree of life can be documented with evidence as already discussed. The Origin of Life on Earth is another story 2 Origin of Life hypothesis Abiotic synthesis of

More information

Earth s Evolution Through Time

Earth s Evolution Through Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Earth s Evolution Through Time Earth 9 th edition Chapter 22 Earth s evolution: summary in haiku form Super-continents have come and gone many times: giant bumper cars.

More information

Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era

Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Earth s History Video Clip Earth s History Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Scientists have put together a timeline of Earth s history

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about

More information

CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti

CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE Dr. Bertolotti Essential Question: HOW DO FOSSILS HELP BIOLOGISTS UNDERSTAND THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH? WHAT DO FOSSILS REVEAL ABOUT ANCIENT LIFE? FOSSILS AND ANCIENT

More information

The History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn

The History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn 14 The History of Life section 1 Fossil Evidence of Change Before You Read Throughout Earth s history, many species have become extinct. On the lines below, name some organisms that have become extinct.

More information

Earth - Home Sweet Home. Sunday, August 18, 13

Earth - Home Sweet Home. Sunday, August 18, 13 Earth - Home Sweet Home 1 From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous: Formation of the Solar Systems and Planets 2 Perspective on our place in the The Milky Way Galaxy video Perspective on our place in the The

More information

Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale

Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale Prior to the 1700 s deep time did not exist... According to Genesis the Earth was created in 6 days about 6000 years ago. Earth history = Biblical history Dinosaurs

More information

Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History

Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History How do we know that the Earth has changed over time? Regent s Earth Science Name: Topics Relative Dating Uniformitarianism Superposition Original Horizontality Igneous

More information

Eras of Earth's History Lesson 6

Eras of Earth's History Lesson 6 Eras of Earth's History Lesson 6 May 24 8:42 PM What happened in the Paleozoic Era? What happened in the Mesozoic Era? What happened in the Cenozoic Era? May 24 8:55 PM 1 I. What happened in the Paleozoic

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40 1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes

More information

2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale

2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale CHAPTER 8 2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale SECTION The History of Life on Earth BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What kinds of organisms evolved

More information

Spring th Grade

Spring th Grade Spring 2015 8 th Grade The geologic time scale is a record of the major events and diversity of life forms present in Earth s history. The geologic time scale began when Earth was formed and goes on until

More information

Evolution and diversity of organisms

Evolution and diversity of organisms Evolution and diversity of organisms Competency Levels - 7 3.1.1 Uses the theories of origin of life and natural selection to analyze the process of evolution of life 3.2.1 Constructs hierarchy of taxa

More information

Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions

Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions Focus on understanding what information is given. Review any additional information given (descriptive paragraphs, headings, scale

More information

Geologic Time. Geologic Events

Geologic Time. Geologic Events Geologic Time Much of geology is focused on understanding Earth's history. The physical characteristics of rocks and minerals offer clues to the processes and conditions on and within Earth in the past.

More information

Warm Up Name the 5 different types of fossils

Warm Up Name the 5 different types of fossils Warm Up Name the 5 different types of fossils Timeline that organizes the events in Earths history. Earth is about 4.7 billion years old. More complex organism such as land plants and fish evolved only

More information

The History of Life, the Universe and Everything or What do you get when you multiply six by nine. Chapters 17 (skim) and 18

The History of Life, the Universe and Everything or What do you get when you multiply six by nine. Chapters 17 (skim) and 18 The History of Life, the Universe and Everything or What do you get when you multiply six by nine Chapters 17 (skim) and 18 The Origin of Life The problem: Life begets life. There must be a beginning,

More information

Chapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion

Chapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Chapter Wrap-Up Geologic Time Ancient Earth The Cambrian Explosion How have natural events changed Earth over time? What do you think? Before you begin,

More information

Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay. Absolute Age - Isotopes. Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay

Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay. Absolute Age - Isotopes. Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay GEOL 100 (Planet Earth) #12 - Earth s Clock Geologic Time - Absolute Age Absolute Age = age of rock (or geologic event) in years. Need constant process as well as record of process; constant process in

More information

Origins of Life and Extinction

Origins of Life and Extinction Origins of Life and Extinction What is evolution? What is evolution? The change in the genetic makeup of a population over time Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth Natural selection is

More information

Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale

Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils Preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past. Fossils are formed when organisms die and are buried in sediment. Eventually the sediment builds

More information

Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago

Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago Formed from interstellar gas & dust into molten planet Earth s early atmosphere was hostile, made of carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur,

More information

*m.y.a. stands for millions of years ago

*m.y.a. stands for millions of years ago 1 Earth, and the other planets are the result of stellar material that was ejected from the sun/star as it spun into its spherical shape and condensed hence all the planets are roughly spherical and have

More information

Geologic Time. What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.

Geologic Time. What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old. Geologic Time There are 2 kinds: What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.) Relative Age The age compared to the ages of other

More information

Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007

Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007 Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007 B.D. Mishler, Dept. of Integrative Biology 2-6810, bmishler@berkeley.edu Evolution lecture #7 -- Early earth, continental drift, early life

More information

History of Life on Earth

History of Life on Earth Lesson 4 The History of Life on Earth ESSENTIAL QUESTION How has life on Earth changed over time? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to describe the evolution of life on Earth over time, using

More information

Geologic History. A. Basic Geologic Principles The relative age of rock formations relies on the following basic geologic principles:

Geologic History. A. Basic Geologic Principles The relative age of rock formations relies on the following basic geologic principles: Geologic History I. Relative Age Dating of Rocks Relative age of rocks does not rely on an exact date of a rock, but relates its age relative to other rock formations or layers. A. Basic Geologic Principles

More information

The Origins and evolution of life

The Origins and evolution of life The Origins and evolution of life The Origins and evolution of life Geologic time scale The geologic time scale provides a system of chronologic measurement used by geologists, paleontologists and other

More information

TIME LINE OF LIFE. Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference. 1. Review the eras represented on the Clock of Eras:

TIME LINE OF LIFE. Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference. 1. Review the eras represented on the Clock of Eras: TIME LINE OF LIFE Material Time Line of Life Working Time Line of Life Clock of Eras Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference Elastic strip for Clock of Eras Presentation 1: Overview 1. Review

More information

Evolution FROM DARWIN TO THE PRESENT. Part IV: A short history of life on earth

Evolution FROM DARWIN TO THE PRESENT. Part IV: A short history of life on earth Evolution FROM DARWIN TO THE PRESENT Part IV: A short history of life on earth Ages of the Earth: a geological time scale Who are the players? Currently we recognize six distinct kingdoms in two main divisions:

More information

Chapter 14. The History of the Earth and the Beginning of Life

Chapter 14. The History of the Earth and the Beginning of Life Chapter 14 The History of the Earth and the Beginning of Life Hypothesis of early Earth Very hot surface from colliding meteorites Very hot planet core from radioactive materials Volcanoes spewing lava

More information

4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth.

4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. Objectives 4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. 5) Describe the types of organisms that arose during the four major divisions of the geologic time scale. Each layer of

More information

Unit 5: Earth s History Practice Problems

Unit 5: Earth s History Practice Problems Name: Date: 1. Which bedrock would be most likely to contain fossils? A. Precambrian granite B. Cambrian shale C. Pleistocene basalt D. Middle-Proterozoic quartzite 6. Base your answer(s) to the following

More information

3. The diagram below shows how scientists think some of Earth's continents were joined together in the geologic past.

3. The diagram below shows how scientists think some of Earth's continents were joined together in the geologic past. 1. The map below shows the present-day locations of South America and Africa. Remains of Mesosaurus, an extinct freshwater reptile, have been found in similarly aged bedrock formed from lake sediments

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Name: Class: Date: 7. The prebiotic soup hypothesis proposes that organic molecules formed from cracks in the ocean floor.

Name: Class: Date: 7. The prebiotic soup hypothesis proposes that organic molecules formed from cracks in the ocean floor. Match the period with the corresponding biological events. a. Cambrian 542mya b. Carboniferous 359 mya c. Devonian 488 mya d. Jurassic 200mya e. Quaternary 2.6 mya 1. Gymnosperms common, large dinosaurs

More information

What is the Earth s time scale?

What is the Earth s time scale? Earth History What is the Earth s time scale? The Geological time scale is a record of the life forms and geological events in Earth s history. Scientists developed the time scale by fossils world wide.

More information

Geological Time Line Time hierarchy. Geological Time Line 1/27/2019

Geological Time Line Time hierarchy. Geological Time Line 1/27/2019 Chapter 3 What the rocks say: how geology and paleontology reveal the history of life Geological Time Line Time hierarchy Eons Eras Periods Epochs Stages The Geologic Time Line - see handouts Geological

More information

GEOS 2900 Sample Instructor Notes

GEOS 2900 Sample Instructor Notes 3.3.1 THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH GEOS 2900 Sample Instructor Notes Things to do before class begins: 1. Place the following daily agenda on the board: a. Announcements b. Go over Activity 3.2.2 (Absolute

More information

Chapters 25 and 26. Searching for Homology. Phylogeny

Chapters 25 and 26. Searching for Homology. Phylogeny Chapters 25 and 26 The Origin of Life as we know it. Phylogeny traces evolutionary history of taxa Systematics- analyzes relationships (modern and past) of organisms Figure 25.1 A gallery of fossils The

More information

12.1. KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. 68 Reinforcement Unit 4 Resource Book

12.1. KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. 68 Reinforcement Unit 4 Resource Book 12.1 THE FOSSIL RECORD KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. Fossils can form in several different ways: Permineralization occurs when water surrounds a hard structure such

More information

Geologic Time. Mr. Skirbst

Geologic Time. Mr. Skirbst Geologic Time Mr. Skirbst Geologic Time Geologic Time Scale Describing and dividing major events of Earth s history Like a timeline of your life! Birth Like a timeline of your life! Like a timeline of

More information

Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2008

Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2008 Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2008 B.D. Mishler, Dept. of Integrative Biology 2-6810, bmishler@berkeley.edu Evolution lecture #7 -- Early earth, continental drift, early life

More information

Bio94 Discussion Activity week 3: Chapter 27 Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bio94 Discussion Activity week 3: Chapter 27 Phylogenies and the History of Life Bio94 Discussion Activity week 3: Chapter 27 Phylogenies and the History of Life 1. Constructing a phylogenetic tree using a cladistic approach Construct a phylogenetic tree using the following table:

More information

Fossils. Name Date Class. A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary

Fossils. Name Date Class. A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary Name Date Class A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary Fossils Guide for Reading How do fossils form? What are the different kinds of fossils? What does the fossil record tell about organisms and

More information

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes. Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

More information

Chapter 1: Life on Earth R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S

Chapter 1: Life on Earth R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S Chapter 1: Life on Earth R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S Chapter 1: Review Name three characteristics that define something as Alive. Chapter 1: Review Name three characteristics that define something as

More information

Phys 214. Planets and Life

Phys 214. Planets and Life Phys 214. Planets and Life Dr. Cristina Buzea Department of Physics Room 259 E-mail: cristi@physics.queensu.ca (Please use PHYS214 in e-mail subject) Lecture 22. Origin and evolution of life. Part II March

More information

Earth Science Ch. 14 Geologic Time. What is geologic time?

Earth Science Ch. 14 Geologic Time. What is geologic time? Earth Science Ch. 14 Geologic Time What is geologic time? The division of Earth s history into time units back to 4.6 b.y.a. Usually based on the life-forms that lived during certain periods May be based

More information

IX Life on Earth.

IX Life on Earth. IX Life on Earth http://sgoodwin.staff.shef.ac.uk/phy229.html 9.0 Introduction Life exists on the surface layers of the Earth. We cannot consider life and the planet separately: they interact with one

More information

Name. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 1 18 February 2014

Name. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 1 18 February 2014 Name 1 Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 1 18 February 2014 2 READ THE EXAM OVER CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU BEGIN. IT CONSISTS OF A TOTAL OF 15 QUESTIONS; YOU MUST ANSWER ALL PARTS OF EACH QUESTION.

More information

2/5/17. #7 Geologic Time #7 Geologic Time

2/5/17. #7 Geologic Time #7 Geologic Time #7 #7 = all of time since Earth formed (4.6 billion years ago, b.y.a.). Geologists study rocks, fossils, geologic structures (faults, folds) to characterize Earth's history. Natural disasters involve present-day.

More information

Hadean Eon (4.6 BYA - 4 BYA)

Hadean Eon (4.6 BYA - 4 BYA) PreCambrian SuperEon (4.6 BYA 541 MYA) Hadean Eon (4.6 BYA - 4 BYA) Slide # 1 46 feet Earth Forms Earth is formed from a mass of dust and gas that gravity pulled together. The process causes a huge amount

More information

A brief history of the Earth!

A brief history of the Earth! A brief history of the Earth! The Geologic Time Scale Age of the Earth Hadean Eon Hadean Eon (4.57-3.85 Gyrs) Hell on Earth: 4.527 Gyrs formation of Moon 4.5 Gyrs - magma ocean, differentiation of core,

More information