3.8 Mineral Resources
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1 Bureau of Land Management/County of Kern This section discusses mineral resources relevant to the proposed Alta East Wind Project (AEWP). The study area addressed in this section includes lands that may be affected directly and/or indirectly by construction and operation of the AEWP. This section also describes the environmental and regulatory settings in relation to mineral resources. California Department of Conservation and Kern County publications and maps were used in preparation of this section. The analysis in this section utilizes, in part, the Alta East Wind Project Geological Resources Technical Memorandum, prepared by CH2MHill (CH2MHill, 2010). The complete text of this Geotechnical Report is provided as Appendix N of this Draft Plan Amendment, Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (Draft EIS/EIR) Environmental Setting Kern County contains numerous mining operations that extract diverse materials, including sand and gravel, stone, gold, dimensional stone, limestone, clay, shale, gypsum, pumice, decorative rock, silica, and specialty sand. Mineral resources are likely to occur within the project area given its designation under the Kern County General Plan (KCGP) as Mineral and Petroleum. The KCGP designates areas as Mineral and Petroleum (Map Code 8.4) that contain productive or potentially productive petroleum, natural gas, and/or geothermal resources, and/or mineral deposits of regional and Statewide significance. Uses of these areas are limited to activities directly associated with resource extraction. The Land Use, Open Space, and Conservation Element of the KCGP specifies that uses of areas designated as Mineral and Petroleum include but are not limited to the following: mineral and petroleum exploration and extraction, including aggregate extraction; extensive and intensive agriculture; mineral and petroleum processing (excluding petroleum refining); natural gas and geothermal resources; pipelines; power transmission facilities; communication facilities; equipment storage yards; and borrow pits Regional The BLM groups minerals on federal lands into three distinct categories: (1) Locatable resources (subject to the General Mining Law of 1872, as amended); (2) Leasable resources (subject to various Mineral Leasing Acts); and (3) Salable resources (subject to mineral materials disposed of under the Materials Act of 1947, as amended) (BLM, 2010a). Locatable minerals include hardrock resources that are typically metals with a unique or special use, such as gold and silver; leasable minerals include those which are typically found in bedded deposits, such as oil, gas, and geothermal resources; and salable minerals include common variety of materials such as sand, stone, and gravel (BLM, 2010b). These minerals categories are further discussed below with regards to the AEWP site. The Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), administered by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), provides data to describe metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources, including deposit name, location, commodity, deposit description, geologic characteristics, production, reserves, resources, and references (MRDS, 2011a). The AEWP area is located within the Bakersfield 7.5 USGS Quadrangle, and within the Tehachapi area of this Quadrangle; the site itself is within the Mojave Subarea, with the Monolith Subarea adjacent to the west and the Cache Peak Subarea adjacent to the north. The MRDS online database was reviewed for the vicinity of the proposed AEWP site, specifically for the geographic areas mentioned above, and results of this review are provided below in Table and shown in Figure June Alta East Wind Project (AEWP)
2 Bureau of Land Management/County of Kern Table Mineral Resources in the Regional Vicinity of the Alta East Wind Project Site MRDS ID* Site Name Map ID* Primary Commodity Operation Type Status Mojave Subarea (Project Site) Four Star 37 Gold, Silver Unknown Past Producer Gum Tree Mine 28 Gold Unknown Past Producer Pride of Mojave Mine 38 Gold Unknown Past Producer Yellow Dog Mine 39 Gold Unknown Past Producer Yellow Dog Extension 1 Gold Unknown Past Producer Gum Tree Mine 40 Gold Unknown Producer Pride of Mojave 29 Gold Unknown Producer Whitmore Mine 41 Gold Unknown Producer Yellow Dog Mine 2 Gold, Silver Unknown Producer Exposed Treasure Mine 30 Gold, Silver Unknown Past Producer Whitmore Mine 42 Gold, Silver Unknown Past Producer Standard Group 3 Gold Unknown Producer Victory 4 Gold Underground Plant Tehachapi Clay 15 Bentonite Surface Past Producer Unnamed Quarry 31 Sand and Gravel Surface Past Producer Exposed Treasure Mine 16 Gold Underground Past Producer Broken Stone #4 5 Stone, Crushed/Broken Unknown Occurrence Unnamed Uranium Occurrence 32 Uranium Unknown Occurrence Unnamed Quarry 18 Sand and Gravel Surface Past Producer Unnamed Pit 33 Stone, Crushed/Broken Surface Past Producer Standard Hill Mine 6 Gold Surface Past Producer Emerald Queen Prospect 44 Uranium Unknown Occurrence Yellow Rover Mine 19 Gold Underground Past Producer Caltrans # Sand and Gravel Unknown Unknown Whitmore Mine 35 Gold Underground Past Producer Desert Queen 47 Gold Underground Past Producer Borrow Pit 20 Sand and Gravel Surface Past Producer Pride of Mojave Mine 48 Gold Underground Past Producer Yellow Dog Mine 49 Gold Underground Past Producer Unnamed Feldspar Occurrence 50 Feldspar Unknown Occurrence Bluebird 7 Gold Underground Past Producer Caltrans # Sand and Gravel Unknown Unknown Gum Tree Mine 51 Gold Underground Past Producer Unnamed Clay Deposit 52 Bentonite Surface Prospect Unnamed Quarry 9 Stone, Crushed/Broken Surface Past Producer Gold Coin Claim 23 Gold Underground Prospect Mojave Pit 25 Sand and Gravel Surface Producer Monolith Subarea (west of Project site) Esperanza 26 N/A Unknown Occurrence Cameron Lake 11 Sodium Surface Past Producer Snowball Deposit 12 Limestone Unknown Occurrence Cameron Siding 13 Gemstone Unknown Occurrence Alta East Wind Project (AEWP) June 2012
3 Bureau of Land Management/County of Kern Table Mineral Resources in the Regional Vicinity of the Alta East Wind Project Site MRDS ID* Site Name Map ID* Primary Commodity Operation Type Status Monolith Cement Plant 14 Calcium Processing Plant Producer Monolith Limestone Quarry 17 Limestone Surface Past Producer Section Quarry 46 Stone, Crushed/Broken Surface Past Producer California Portland Cement Co. 21 Limestone Surface Past Producer Leona Tungsten Mine 8 Tungsten Underground Producer Esperanza Prospect 10 Tungsten Surface Prospect Monolith Portland Cement Co. 24 Limestone Surface Producer Cache Peak Subarea (north of Project site) Miller Prospect 27 Tungsten Unknown Occurrence Hansen Dg Pit 43 Stone, Crushed/Broken Surface Past Producer Miller Prospect 34 Tungsten Unknown Prospect Cloudburst 36 Antimony Underground Prospect Notes: MRDS = Mineral Resource Data System Map ID=Corresponds to the number in Figure Source: MRDS, 2011a; MRDS, 2011b; MRDS, 2011c As indicated by Table 3.8-1, MRDS ID is labeled Unnamed Uranium Occurrence, which is located about half a mile east of the southeast boundary of the project site within the adjacent Alta Infill II Wind Energy Project area. The site location is approximately 70 feet west of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) property line, and approximately 170 feet west of the LADWP aqueduct. The property is currently under Terra-Gen land control, and was rezoned for wind energy development as part of the Alta Infill II Wind Energy Project approval process in The eastern edge of this property is too close to the airport to site turbines, as the height of a turbine would exceed FAA limits. (CH2MHill, 2012) The USGS defines occurrence as an [o]re mineralization in outcrop, shallow pit or pits, or isolated drill hole. Grade, tonnage, and extent of mineralization essentially unknown. No production has taken place and there has been no or little activity since discovery with the possible exception of routine claim maintenance (USGS, 2012a). In addition, the USGS describes the formation as an alluvial deposit containing non-commercial levels of uranium. Aerial survey information places the spot in a creek bed. The potential for radioactivity is discussed in Section 4.8 (Mineral Resources) Local As indicated by Table 3.8-1, former, current, and prospective mining operations are in the vicinity of the AEWP site. A detailed analysis for these mines was performed in March 2009 for the Golden Queen Mining Co. and documented in the SRK Consulting report for the Soledad Mountain Project. The Kern County Engineering and Survey Services Department and the California Division of Mines and Geology indicate no active or abandoned mines on the AEWP site. In addition, as mentioned above, the BLM groups minerals on federal lands into three distinct categories, each of which is addressed below for the AEWP site. Locatable Minerals. There are no active mining claims for locatable minerals within the proposed AEWP site and there is no locatable minerals activity within the boundaries of the proposed AEWP site. Based on the geological environment and historical trends, the potential for occurrence of locatable minerals is low in this area. June Alta East Wind Project (AEWP)
4 Bureau of Land Management/County of Kern Leasable Minerals. The State of California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources maps show that no oil, gas, or geothermal fields are located in the vicinity of the AEWP site. Saleable Minerals / Mineral Materials. Sand and gravel deposits are common throughout Kern County, including on the proposed AEWP site and vicinity. Several former or currently operating mines are in the project vicinity. An inactive quarry was identified adjacent to and north of Section 28 of the AEWP site. The former quarry was used for mine aggregate materials to surface roads, etc. The lack of identified concerns related to mining on the project site make it likely that the area of disturbed land is associated with earthworks operations for the former aqueduct channel that runs through the southeast corner of Section 26. No evidence of mine tailings or waste was observed on the AEWP site during reconnaissance (CH2MHILL, 2010) Applicable Regulations, Plans, and Standards Federal Mining and Mineral Policy Act of This act declared that the federal government policy is to encourage private enterprise in the development of a sound and stable domestic mineral industry and in orderly and economic development of mineral resources, research, and reclamation methods. California Desert Conservation Area Plan. The California Desert Conservation Area (CDCA) Plan defines multiple-use classes for BLM-managed lands within the CDCA, which includes land area encompassing the proposed Alta East Wind Project site. With respect to geological resources, the CDCA Plan aims to maintain the availability of mineral resources on public lands for exploration and development State State Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA) of The Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975 (SMARA) mandated the initiation by the State Geologist of mineral land classification in order to help identify and protect mineral resources in areas within the State subject to urban expansion or other irreversible land uses which would preclude mineral extraction. SMARA also allowed the State Mining and Geology Board (SMGB), after receiving classification information from the State Geologist, to designate lands containing mineral deposits of regional or statewide significance. Mineral lands are mapped according to jurisdictional boundaries (i.e., counties), mapping all mineral commodities at one time in the area, using the California Mineral Land Classification System. (DOC, 2000) The objective of classification and designation processes is to ensure, through appropriate lead agency policies and procedures, that mineral deposits of statewide or of regional significance are available when needed. The SMGB, based on recommendations from the State Geologist and public input, prioritizes areas to be classified and/or designated. Areas which are generally given highest priority are those areas within the State which are subject to urban expansion or other irreversible land uses which would preclude mineral extraction. (DOC, 2000) The State Geologist has classified 2,971 square miles of land in Kern County as Mineral Resource Zones (MRZs) of varying significance. Significant mineral resources located in southeastern Kern County include borates, limestone, gold, and dimension stone. MRZs are classified as follows (Koehler, 1999): MRZ-2a: MRZ-2b: Areas underlain by mineral deposits where geologic data indicate that significant measured or indicated resources are present. Areas classified MRZ-2a contain discovered mineral deposits that are either measured or indicated reserves. Land included in MRZ-2a is of prime importance because it contains known economic mineral deposits. Areas underlain by mineral deposits where geologic information indicates that significant inferred resources are present. Areas classified MRZ-2b contain inferred mineral resources Alta East Wind Project (AEWP) June 2012
5 Bureau of Land Management/County of Kern MRZ-3a: MRZ-3b: as determined by their lateral extension from proven deposits or their similarity to proven deposits. Further exploration could result in upgrading areas classified MRZ-2b to MRZ-2a. Areas containing known mineral occurrences of undetermined economic significance. Further exploration could result in reclassification of all or part of these areas into the MRZ-2a or MRZ-2b categories. Areas containing inferred mineral occurrences of undetermined economic significance. Further exploration could result in the reclassification of all or part of these areas into the MRZ-2a or MRZ-2b categories Local Kern County The project boundaries are located predominately within the Kern County General Plan (KCGP) with portions within the Mojave Specific Plan and Cache Creek Interim Rural Community Plan areas. The Mojave Specific Plan and the Cache Creek Interim Rural Community Plan do not contain policies specific to mineral resources. Therefore, the project would be subject to the policies and measures of the KCGP as listed below. Kern County General Plan The Conservation and Open Space Element of the Kern County General Plan contains a goal to preserve mineral resources in the County (KCPD, 2009): Chapter 1. Land Use, Open Space, and Conservation Element Section 1.9 Resource Goals Goal 1. To contain new development within an area large enough to meet generous projections of foreseeable need, but in locations that will not impair the economic strength derived from the petroleum, agriculture, rangeland, or mineral resources or diminish the other amenities that exist in the County. Goal 2. To protect areas of important mineral, petroleum, and agricultural resource potential for future use. Goal 3. To ensure that the development of resource areas minimizes effects on neighboring resource lands. Goal 4. Encourage safe and orderly energy development within the County, including research and demonstration projects, and to become actively involved in the decision and actions of other agencies as they affect energy development in Kern County. Goal 6. Encourage alternative sources of energy, such as solar and wind energy, while protecting the environment. Policies Policy 14. Emphasize conservation and development of identified mineral deposits. Policy 17. Lands classified as MRZ-2, as designated by the State of California, should be protected from encroachment of incompatible land uses. Policy 25. Discourage incompatible land use adjacent to Map Code 8.4 (Mineral and Petroleum) areas. June Alta East Wind Project (AEWP)
6 Bureau of Land Management/County of Kern Implementation Measures Implementation Measure H. Use the California Geological Survey s latest maps to locate mineral deposits until the regional and statewide importance mineral deposits map has been completed, as required by the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act. Implementation Measure K. Protect oilfields and mineral extraction areas through the use of appropriate implementing zone districts: A (Exclusive Agriculture), DI (Drilling Island), NR (Natural Resource), or PE (Petroleum Extraction). Kern County Zoning Ordinance The WE Combining District (Chapter 19.64) contains development standards and conditions (Section ) that would be applicable to the siting and operation of wind turbine generators (WTGs). None of the provisions of Chapter apply to mineral resources issues related to the AEWP. Alta East Wind Project (AEWP) June 2012
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