t/f correct the false right beside the question Look at the pictures to get the answers.

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 name: t/f correct the false right beside the question 1. The lithosphere is rocks of earth. 2. The lithosphere includes the solid inner core. 3. All of earth s systems interact. 4. Each of us is part of Earth s systems. 5. The measurement system for science is the English system like we already use. 6. A scientific law is a good guess based on good information. 7. A hypothesis can be proven with math. 8. A theory is based on many observations and scientists agree that it is good explanation for the observations. 9. Models are pictures of data. 10. A graph is a representation of something real. It can be mental, math or physical. 11. Variables do not change. 12. Constants are a necessary part of a good lab setup. 13. Independent variables change as the experiment progresses. 14. Dependent variables are chosen by the experimenter. 15. An experimental control is a standard for comparison of the data. 16. All of the water of earth is the lithosphere. Look at the pictures to get the answers. A student measures a rock on a and get a of 125 grams. Then the students gets a to check the volume by. The volume of the water is. The volume of water with the rock is. So the volume of the rock is. The density is. If the student used a different rock what might happen to the density (two things are possible).

2 The study of 1. volcanoes 2. earthquakes 3. earth s composition and the processes that change it 4. patterns of weather over a long period of time 5. solid Earth and the processes that change it 6. earth s air and weather 7. Earth s oceans 8. Earth s organisms 9. objects beyond Earths atmosphere 10. rocks 11. minerals 12. fresh water flow on and beneath Earth s surface 13. ancient life and processes and environments of Earth 14. maps and mapping Matching: put a letter from each column in the blank 1. density a amount of matter in an object z C 2. distance or length b mass in a given volume y second 3. mass c resistance to the pull of gravity x meter 4. temperature d space between two events w grams/volume 5. time e space between two points v Newton 6. volume f space matter occupies u grams 7. weight g speed of particles t centimeters cubed [cm 3 ] t or f: correct the false -- SOL GUIDE PAGE 1 and 2 1. Density expresses the relationship between mass and temperature. 2. A hypothesis must be supported by the data for the experiment to be useful. 3. Experiments are designed to test theories. 4. A valid, useful hypothesis must be testable by an experiment. 5. Hypothesis, theories, laws can all change with change in information. 6. Earth is a static system means that forces are constantly changing the shape of earth and that all factors are interrelated and affect each other.

3 Chapter 2 t/f Correct the false 1. Lines of latitude run A to B. 2. The equator is line A to B. 3. Lines of longitude are parallel. 4. Lines of latitude measure north and south of the prime meridian. A Z C D 5. The point marked Z has latitude of and longitude of. 6. Maps are models. 7. Conic projections use straight lines and distort distances at the poles but do not distort coastlines. 8. Landsat is a satellite based navigation system that allows the user to pinpoint his/her exact location. 9. A legend on a map identifies the important symbols. B Fill in blanks 1. A time zone usually is of time and covers degrees of. 2. On the the day changes but the hour does not. This line is on degrees of. 3. There are days on earth at one time but never more. One day starts at and one day starts at the. Matching: topographic maps 1 closed contours a the shape of the land under the line 2 contour interval b the distance between the contours 3 contour line c the change in the slope over a given distance 4 gradient d shown by up hill pointing contours 5 hachure line e ratio of map distance to land distance 6 index contour f indicate the top of a hill or peak 7 profile g a map showing elevation 8 scale h a line showing local decrease in elevation 9 stream i a line on a topographic map for elevation 10 topographic map j a dark contour every 5 th contour line

4 11. Put numbers 1 10 from the matching on the front on the correct place on the map if it is possible C 12. Draw in a stream. 13. Calculate the gradient A to C if the scale is 1cm=1km. A B 14. Draw a profile A to B just using the index contours. Chapter 4 and page 5 of the SOL guide 1. Write the definition of a mineral there are 5 conditions in the definition 2. Circle the minerals. If you don t circle one tell why it is not a mineral according to the definition. snow feldspar oil granite coral calcite fossil bone mica sandstone iron ore graphite coal quartz 3. These are ore mineral ores. What are they ores of? pyrite galena magnetite azurite hematite graphite bauxite sulfur

5 4. The major elements found in Earth s crust are,,, and. 5. The most abundant group of minerals are the. They contain and. Two examples are and. 6. Color and hardness are examples of (physical chemical) properties 7. Chemical composition and reactions with other substances are examples of (physical chemical) properties Matching definition mineral property a the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched 1 hardness b the color of the mineral 2 color c the way the surface of the mineral reflects light 3 luster d ability to break at specific angles 4 streak e color of ground mineral on a porcelain plate; mineral must be softer than 7 5 cleavage f ability of a mineral to break with a rough, jagged edge; to shatter 6 fracture g special properties of only a few minerals; examples are magnetism and double image light refraction 7 unique properties Each of the following statements is a true statement. Use the 7 properties above to identify each specific example some of the properties will be used more than once. 1. Potassium feldspar is earthy pink. 2. Hematite, an ore of iron, leaves a red-brown mark when ground. 3. Quartz and feldspar are common rock-forming minerals. 4. Talc looks soapy. 5. Quartz has conchoidal (arclike) breaking pattern like all glass. 6. If quartz is hit with a hammer it will shatter into many rough pieces. 7. Galena, an ore of lead and sulfur, will break into tiny cubes. 8. Calcite, CaCO 3, reacts with acids it bubbles. 9. Diamond will scratch every other mineral. It is used for drill bit tips. 10. Graphite is one on Moh s hardness scale. 11. Diamond and emerald are gemstones.

6 Chapters 5 and 6 and SOL Guide page 6 (E.S.5) and part of page 9 (about weathering) 1. Use I for intrusive igneous and E for extrusive igneous rock Use F for foliated metamorphic and U for unfoliated metamorphic rock Use C for clastic sedimentary, and N for not clastic sedimentary rock This list is on page 6 of the SOL guide under Skills. Then go back through and decide the secondary classifications as given in Knowledge and Skills bituminous coal anthracite coal pumice obsidian granite slate sandstone conglomerate shale rock salt schist limestone gneiss basalt bauxite marble quartzite T or F: yes, please correct the false these mostly come from the charts given 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed by heat and pressure. 2. Sedimentary rocks are changed by heat and pressure. 3. The natural processes of earth change rocks from one type to another. 4. The rock cycle gives the processes that change rocks from one type to another. 5. Magma and lava is molten rock. 6. Igneous rocks commonly contain fossils. 7. Sedimentary rocks are usually hard to break. 8. Lithification produces metamorphic rock. 9. Recrystallization change in crystalline structure due to heat and chemical action produces igneous rock.

7 10. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed by slow cooling of magma underground. 11. Slow cooling of magma underground forms basalt. 12. Mafic minerals are light colored and formed at low temperatures. 13. Olivine forms at low temperatures. 14. Obsidian has unordered atoms. Therefore, it is a mineral. 15. Rhyolite is coarse-grained. 16. Coarse-grained means small crystals of minerals form the rock. 17. Coarse-grained and coarse textured are different physical properties of rocks.

8 18. Olivine forms at high temperatures. 19. Quartz and mica form last as a magma cools. 20. Feldspar minerals overlap each other in a continuous formation process as the magma cools. 21. Bowen s reaction series explains the formation of rocks and minerals as they crystallize from melted material (magma and lava). 22. Felsic rocks containing the minerals pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar melt at low temperatures. So when heat and pressure are applied after burial they are the first to melt. CHAPTER 12

9 Storms Chapter 13 and SOL guide page short answer 1. caused by the rapid expansion of air as it is heated by lightning 2. the scale used to rate the intensity of a tornado 3. the scale used to rate a hurricane 4. where hurricanes start 5. rotation direction of a hurricane 6. how a hurricane gets its energy 7. the reason for seasons 8. an instrument to measure humidity 9. day-to-day changes in the atmosphere 10. changes in the atmosphere over a long period about 30 years 11. the season currently at the South Pole 12. the length of the day currently at the South Pole 13. the cause of the apparent rotation of winds and waters on Earth 14. high water in coastal areas during a storm worse on the right side of landfall 15. cause of winds Natural Resources t/f 1. Natural resources are manmade. 2. Natural resources include energy resources 3. Renewable resources are replaced in a human s lifetime. 4. Nonrenewable resources might be replenishes but it takes more than 100 years. 5. Virginia has very few natural resources. 6. Limestone is used for concrete. 7. Crushed stone is for construction of buildings and paved surfaces. 8. Mining can cause serious environmental and health issue. 9. list many rock and mineral resources of Virginia: 10. Write N for nonrenewable resource, R for renewable resource and zip if it is not a natural resource humans minerals water volcanoes sunlight animals rocks clean water forests trees cell phones clean air wind coal electricity diamonds ` tides