Quiz Three (2:00 to 2:05 PM)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Quiz Three (2:00 to 2:05 PM)"

Transcription

1 Quiz Three (2:00 to 2:05 PM)

2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 6: Plate Tectonics and Volcanism Calbuco volcano (Chile) (March, 2015) 33vhxp/psbattle_calbuco_volcano_erupting_on_22_april/s Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick

3 Last Time 1. Crystal Chemistry (Crystallography) 2. Mineral Classification ( classes ) 3. The Silicates Web notes 5 and 6

4 Crystal Structures: CaF 2 (Fluorite) Source: -Ca 2+ -F -

5 Polymorphs: Two minerals with the same chemical composition but different crystal structures e.g. Graphite (C) Diamond (C)

6 Mineral Classification Class Name Anion(s) Examples Dominant Bond I Native Elements none Metals: Gold, Copper, Silver Semi-metals: Arsenic (As) Non-metals: diamond, graphite, sulfur Metallic II Sulfides S - Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Galena Covalent III Oxides\hydroxides O 2- OH - hematite, magnetite, limonite IV Halides Cl -, Fl - halite, fluorite V Carbonates CO 3 2- calcite, aragonite, malachite VI Sulfates SO 4 2- gypsum, anhydrite Largely Ionic VII Phosphates PO 4 3- apatite VIII Silicates SiO 4 4- >3000 (i.e., most minerals)

7 Silicate Classification SiO 4 4- The basic silicate tetrahedra

8 Silicate Classification The basic silicate tetrahedra (ball and stick)

9 Silicate Classification Nesosilicates (garnet, olivine) (0 shared oxygen) Inosilicates (pyroxenes) (2 shared oxygens) Sorosilicates (1 shared oxygen) Inosilicates (amphiboles) (2 ½ shared oxygens) Cyclosilicates (2 shared oxygens) Phyllosilicates (micas) (3 shared oxygens)

10 Tektosilicates (quartz, feldspars) (4 shared oxygens) Silicate Classification

11 Today s Agenda 1. Review of where volcanoes occur 2. Properties of magma/lava (viscosity) 3. Basic types of volcanoes Web notes 6

12 Where Volcanoes Occur

13 Where Volcanoes Occur

14 Where Volcanoes Occur 1) Divergent P. B.

15 Where Volcanoes Occur 2) Convergent P. B. 1) Divergent P. B.

16 Where Volcanoes Occur 2) Convergent P. B. 3) Hot Spots. 1) Divergent P. B.

17 Divergent Plate Boundaries Hot

18 Divergent Plate Boundaries Rapid rise of magma to surface because of multiple fractures and faults (low resistance) Magma (molten rock inside the Earth) rises upwards along fractures and fault as plutons (inverted tear dropshaped blebs 100 s to 1000 s of m in diameter). Why?...

19 Divergent Plate Boundaries Rapid rise of magma to surface because of multiple fractures and faults (low resistance) Magma (molten rock inside the Earth) rises upwards along fractures and fault as plutons (inverted tear dropshaped blebs 100 s to 1000 s of m in diameter). Why?... Buoyancy. Hot magma is less dense than cool country rock

20 Sometimes the magma can make it all the way to the Earth s surface. Once there, it is called lava and the point where it is erupting from is called a volcano. Divergent Plate Boundaries

21 Convergent Plate Boundaries

22 Subduction Convergent Plate Boundaries 35 km Plutons rise at convergent plate boundaries too. but they have to burn their way up. This is not an easy trip to the surface.

23 Hot Spots

24 Hot Spots Yellowstone (continental hotspot) Hawaii (oceanic hotspot)

25 Properties of Magma/Lava

26 Properties of Magma/Lava 1. Magma derived from just below the lithosphere (e.g., 100 km down) is hot (2000 C) and very fluid (low viscosity)

27 Properties of Magma/Lava 1. Magma derived from just below the lithosphere (e.g., 100 km down) is hot (2000 C) and very fluid (low viscosity) 2. Lava erupted at divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hotspots has made it to the surface of the Earth quickly and is still hot (up to 1800 C) and fluid (low viscosity).

28 Properties of Magma/Lava 1. Magma derived from just below the lithosphere (e.g., 100 km down) is hot (2000 C) and very fluid (low viscosity) 2. Lava erupted at divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hotspots has made it to the surface of the Earth quickly and is still hot (up to 1800 C) and fluid (low viscosity). 3. Lava erupted at convergent plate boundaries and continental hotspots has made it to the surface of the Earth very slowly. It is cooler (as low as 800 C) and very contaminated by country rock and water (high viscosity)

29 Properties of Magma/Lava Volcanoes at Divergent Plate Boundaries Volcanoes at Convergent Plate Boundaries

30 Types of Volcanoes

31 Types of Volcanoes

32 Types of Volcanoes

33 Cinder cone in Hawaii

34 Cinder cone

35 Cinder cone

36 Shield Volcanoes (Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, HI)

37 Shield Volcano

38 Shield Volcano on Mars (Olympus Mons)

39 Lava Fountain

40 Lava stream Lava Lake

41 Annoying eruptions (but generally not disasterous)

42 Fissure Eruption Kilauea Hawaii

43 Mt. Taranaki Composite Volcanoes in New Zealand Mt. Ruhapehu

44 Composite Volcanoes in Japan (Mt. Fuji)

45 Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

46

47 Minor eruption

48 Phreatic eruption

49 Plinian eruption

50 From the international space station

51 Pyroclastic flows

52 Petal to the metal or else!

53 Air fall deposits (volcanic ash)

54 Today s Homework 1. Download and read web notes 6 Next Time 2. Volcanic landforms and case studies (AKA Death 101 part 1) webnotes 7

55 GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 6: Plate Tectonics and Volcanism Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.

GY 111: Physical Geology

GY 111: Physical Geology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 9: Extrusive Igneous Rocks Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1) The chemical composition of the crust 2) Crystallization of molten

More information

Quiz Five (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Five (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Five (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 10: Intrusive Igneous Rocks Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1) Pyro-what? (air fall volcanic rocks) 2)

More information

This is how we classify minerals! Silicates and Non-Silicates

This is how we classify minerals! Silicates and Non-Silicates Why are some minerals harder than others? Their atomic structure and chemical formula. This is how we classify minerals! Silicates and Non-Silicates Part #1 - Silicates: Silicon and Oxygen make up 70%

More information

The Nature of Igneous Rocks

The Nature of Igneous Rocks The Nature of Igneous Rocks Form from Magma Hot, partially molten mixture of solid liquid and gas Mineral crystals form in the magma making a crystal slush Gases - H 2 O, CO 2, etc. - are dissolved in

More information

Geology of the Hawaiian Islands

Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 4 22 January 2004 Turn in Homework #1 Any Questions? IMPORTANT Big Island Field Trip We need a $162 payment for airfare BEFORE January 29 th Description of logistics,

More information

Rocks Reading this week: Ch. 2 and App. C Reading for next week: Ch. 3

Rocks Reading this week: Ch. 2 and App. C Reading for next week: Ch. 3 Reading this week: Ch. 2 and App. C Reading for next week: Ch. 3 I. Environmental significance II. Definition III. 3 major classes IV. The Rock Cycle V. Secondary classification VI. Additional sub-classes

More information

Rocks Environmental Significance. Rocks Reading this week: Ch. 2 and App. C Reading for next week: Ch. 3. Rocks Definition of a rock

Rocks Environmental Significance. Rocks Reading this week: Ch. 2 and App. C Reading for next week: Ch. 3. Rocks Definition of a rock Reading this week: Ch. 2 and App. C Reading for next week: Ch. 3 Environmental Significance I. Environmental significance II. Definition III. 3 major classes IV. The Rock Cycle V. Secondary classification

More information

GY 111: Physical Geology

GY 111: Physical Geology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 3: The Rock Cycle Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1. Alfred Wegener and Drifting Continents 2. The Plate Tectonic Revolution 3.

More information

Imagine the first rock and the cycles that it has been through.

Imagine the first rock and the cycles that it has been through. A rock is a naturally formed, consolidated material usually composed of grains of one or more minerals The rock cycle shows how one type of rocky material gets transformed into another The Rock Cycle Representation

More information

The Use of Minerals. Chapter 3

The Use of Minerals. Chapter 3 Section 3 The Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals The Use of Minerals Metallic Minerals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be processed for various uses, including building aircraft,

More information

About Earth Materials

About Earth Materials Grotzinger Jordan Understanding Earth Sixth Edition Chapter 3: EARTH MATERIALS Minerals and Rocks 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company About Earth Materials All Earth materials are composed of atoms bound

More information

Volcano an opening in Earth s crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt and the landform that develops around this opening.

Volcano an opening in Earth s crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt and the landform that develops around this opening. Chapter 9 Volcano an opening in Earth s crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt and the landform that develops around this opening. 3 Conditions Allow Magma to Form: Decrease in pressure

More information

Periods on the Periodic Table

Periods on the Periodic Table Minerals Chapter 2 Matter Matter includes anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). It exists in 3 main states on Earth solid, liquid, and gas. Matter can be classified based on its physical

More information

How minerals form. September 20, Mineral families and formation.notebook

How minerals form. September 20, Mineral families and formation.notebook How minerals form Minerals form (primarily) in 3 different ways: 1. From the cooling and hardening of magma and lava Oct 20 7:06 AM Whether the rock melt cools quickly or slowly, ions and elements within

More information

Matter and Minerals. Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form "Mineral" defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more).

Matter and Minerals. Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form Mineral defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more). 1 2 Matter and Minerals Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form "Mineral" defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more). continued... 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Also crystalline,

More information

1. are most likely to study the images sent back from Mars. A. Astronomers B. Geologists C. Doctors D. Engineers

1. are most likely to study the images sent back from Mars. A. Astronomers B. Geologists C. Doctors D. Engineers 1. are most likely to study the images sent back from Mars. A. Astronomers B. Geologists C. Doctors D. Engineers 2. When did the Earth form? A. About 540 million years ago B. About 2.5 billion years ago

More information

CHAPTER 2 MINERALS. Group Presentation Notes

CHAPTER 2 MINERALS. Group Presentation Notes CHAPTER 2 MINERALS Group Presentation Notes DEFINITION OF A MINERAL A mineral is naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition. CHARACTERISTICS

More information

Atoms>>>Elements>>>Minerals>>>Rocks>>>Continents>>>Planet

Atoms>>>Elements>>>Minerals>>>Rocks>>>Continents>>>Planet Introduction to Minerals It s all about scale: Atoms>>>Elements>>>Minerals>>>Rocks>>>Continents>>>Planet Basic Chem: Atomic Structure Atom: smallest unit of an element that possesses the properties of

More information

Introduction to Geology

Introduction to Geology Introduction to Geology Why the heck would you want to take a geology class? 1) Geology is responsible for supplying many of the things we need. 2) Geology is closely related to the environment, which

More information

A Rock is a solid aggregate of minerals.

A Rock is a solid aggregate of minerals. Quartz A Rock is a solid aggregate of minerals. Orthoclase Feldspar Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Four different minerals are obvious in this piece of Granite. The average automobile contains: Minerals

More information

Types of Volcanoes KEY CONCEPT: TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS CAN RESULT IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES.

Types of Volcanoes KEY CONCEPT: TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS CAN RESULT IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES. Types of Volcanoes KEY CONCEPT: TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS CAN RESULT IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES. Volcanoes How do volcanoes work? How do volcanoes work? Magma is forced onto Earth s surface.

More information

1 What Is a Mineral? Critical Thinking 2. Apply Concepts Glass is made up of silicon and oxygen atoms in a 1:2 ratio. The SiO 2

1 What Is a Mineral? Critical Thinking 2. Apply Concepts Glass is made up of silicon and oxygen atoms in a 1:2 ratio. The SiO 2 CHAPTER 5 1 What Is a Mineral? SECTION Minerals of Earth s Crust KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is a mineral? What are the two main groups of minerals? What are

More information

UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards

UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 5 Magma and Volcanism Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College

More information

Minerals Please do not write on this test packet.

Minerals Please do not write on this test packet. Please do not write on this test packet. 1. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects. 2. Base your answer to the following question

More information

Practice Test Rocks and Minerals. Name. Page 1

Practice Test Rocks and Minerals. Name. Page 1 Name Practice Test Rocks and Minerals 1. Which rock would be the best source of the mineral garnet? A) basalt B) limestone C) schist D) slate 2. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite

More information

S3 IHE GE 2014/Chan ML

S3 IHE GE 2014/Chan ML S3 IHE GE 2014/Chan ML Formation Types Advantages and Disadvantages of living near/in volcanic areas Introduction Volcano, mountain or hill formed by the accumulation of materials erupted through one or

More information

Name: Minerals and more minerals

Name: Minerals and more minerals 1. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer. 6. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces

More information

1. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 2. Which mineral leaves

1. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 2. Which mineral leaves 1. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 2. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder when rubbed against an unglazed

More information

Volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb.

Volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb. Ch. 13 Volcanoes Volcanoes Volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb. Many of these eruptions are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. Volcanism Volcanism-any activity

More information

Mineral Identification

Mineral Identification Mineral Identification! Mineral identification is a skill. " Requires learning diagnostic properties #Some properties are easily seen. $Color $Crystal shape #Some properties require handling or testing.

More information

Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 5: Clever Thinking 2: Plate Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last time... 1. The first geologists and their

More information

Chapter 4 Rocks & Igneous Rocks

Chapter 4 Rocks & Igneous Rocks Chapter 4 Rocks & Igneous Rocks Rock Definition A naturally occurring consolidated mixture of one or more minerals e.g, marble, granite, sandstone, limestone Rock Definition Must naturally occur in nature,

More information

Chemical Classification of Minerals Learning goals: Classification of Minerals by Anionic Species. Periodic Table. Anions are Negative Ions

Chemical Classification of Minerals Learning goals: Classification of Minerals by Anionic Species. Periodic Table. Anions are Negative Ions Classification of Minerals by Anionic Species (Anions are negative ions) Chemical Classification of Minerals Learning goals: How are minerals classified by chemistry? Why is this useful? Anions are Negative

More information

PLATE TECTONICS, VOLCANISM AND IGNEOUS ROCKS

PLATE TECTONICS, VOLCANISM AND IGNEOUS ROCKS PLATE TECTONICS, VOLCANISM AND IGNEOUS ROCKS PLATE TECTONICS TO IGNEOUS ROCKS Internal Heat Seafloor Spreading/Plate Tectonics Volcanism Plate Boundary Intra-plate (hot spot) Divergent Convergent Igneous

More information

1 st shell holds 2 electrons. 2 nd shell holds 8 electrons

1 st shell holds 2 electrons. 2 nd shell holds 8 electrons ATOM INDIVISIBLE ELEMENTS - Nucleus = protons (+ charge) & neutrons (no charge ) - Electrons (- charge) orbit the nucleus in shells of 2, 8, 8 electrons (inner orbit outward) - Atomic number = number of

More information

Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks Chapter 4

Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks Chapter 4 Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks Chapter 4 The French are bred to die for love They delight in fighting duels But I prefer a man who lives And gives expensive jewls A kill on the hand may be quite continental

More information

ESS Minerals. Lee. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.

ESS Minerals. Lee. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. Name: ESS Minerals Pd. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral? (A) garnet (B) magnetite (C) olivine (D) quartz

More information

PHY120AExam questions 0.5 points each; 19 True/False, 31 Multiple Choice

PHY120AExam questions 0.5 points each; 19 True/False, 31 Multiple Choice 1 PHY120AExam 1 2018 50 questions 0.5 points each; 19 True/False, 31 Multiple Choice True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. F 1. The distribution of volcanoes is random.. F 2. The

More information

GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12

GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12 UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12 Volcanoes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Plate tectonics explains the global pattern of volcanism. Key Figure 12.20 (page

More information

Volcano - A Volcano is an opening in the Earth s surface through which molten material or volcanic gases are erupted.

Volcano - A Volcano is an opening in the Earth s surface through which molten material or volcanic gases are erupted. What is a Volcano? Volcano - A Volcano is an opening in the Earth s surface through which molten material or volcanic gases are erupted. A volcano can either be a classic volcanic cone.. Mt. St. Helens,

More information

Minerals. Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding. Definition of a Mineral 2-1

Minerals. Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding. Definition of a Mineral 2-1 Minerals In order to define a what we mean by a mineral we must first make some definitions: 2-1 Most of the Earth s surface is composed of rocky material. An element is a substance which cannot be broken

More information

How would you organize some 5000 species of minerals? Classification of Minerals by Anionic Species

How would you organize some 5000 species of minerals? Classification of Minerals by Anionic Species Classification Minerals by Anionic Species (Anions are negative ions) How would you organize some 5000 species minerals? Color? Hardness? Occurrence environment? Chemistry? Positive ions? (cations) Negative

More information

Magma vs. Lava. Molten rock below Earth s surface is called magma. The magma that reaches the surface and erupts out of a volcano is called lava.

Magma vs. Lava. Molten rock below Earth s surface is called magma. The magma that reaches the surface and erupts out of a volcano is called lava. CH. 10.1 Be able to Explain the factors that determine the type of volcanic eruption. List the 3 types of volcanoes Describe the features of a volcano. What is a Volcano? Volcanoes are sites where molten

More information

Types of Volcanoes. Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries.

Types of Volcanoes. Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries. Types of Volcanoes Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries. Volcanoes How do volcanoes work? How do volcanoes work? Magma is forced onto Earth s surface.

More information

Physical Geology, 15/e

Physical Geology, 15/e Lecture Outlines Physical Geology, 15/e Plummer, Carlson & Hammersley Copyright McGraw-Hill Education, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks Physical Geology

More information

Unit 4 Lesson 4 Volcanoes. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 4 Lesson 4 Volcanoes. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Magma Magic What is a volcano? A volcano is any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground. Many volcanoes are dormant, meaning an eruption has not occurred in a long period of time. What

More information

Chapter 1 The Earth in Context

Chapter 1 The Earth in Context Chapter 1 The Earth in Context Chemically Different Crust Continental Oceanic Mantle Upper mantle Lower mantle Core Liquid outer core Solid inner core Structure of the Earth How did Earth s continents,

More information

Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.

Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter Pearson Education, Inc. Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter 3 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks By definition a mineral is: Naturally occurring An inorganic solid Ordered internal molecular structure Definite chemical composition

More information

Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes

Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes Learning objectives Understand and be able to predict where and why magma will be forming at different tectonic settings Understand the factors controlling magma

More information

Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM)

Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM) Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 22: Agents of Metamorphism Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Rock Deformation A) Confining pressure

More information

Geology 1 st Semester Exam YSBAT

Geology 1 st Semester Exam YSBAT 1. What is the role of a geologist? Geology 1 st Semester Exam YSBAT 2016-2017 2. Earth is subdivided into three main layers based on what? 3. What features do you find at divergent boundaries? 4. Rock

More information

Chapter 18. Volcanism

Chapter 18. Volcanism Chapter 18 Volcanism Ring of fire contains 66% of world s active volcanoes Convergent : Divergent: Icelandic Eruption Mount Etna Different Kinds of eruptions: Volcanic activity is controlled by plate tectonics,

More information

Unit 2 Exam: Rocks & Minerals

Unit 2 Exam: Rocks & Minerals Name: Date: 1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the 2001 edition of the Earth Science Reference Tables, the map and cross section below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The shaded

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 2 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 2 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 2 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals. Why Atoms Bond. Why Atoms Bond. Halite (NaCl) An Example of Ionic Bonding. Composition of Minerals.

Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals. Why Atoms Bond. Why Atoms Bond. Halite (NaCl) An Example of Ionic Bonding. Composition of Minerals. Matter and Minerals Earth Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form "Mineral" defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more). continued... Also crystalline, chemically specific. There! I fit it in!

More information

Magma Formation and Behavior

Magma Formation and Behavior Magma Formation and Behavior Introduction: The study of body waves as they pass through Earth's interior provides strong evidence that the Earth's mantle is composed almost entirely of solid ultramafic

More information

3.2 Notes: Volcanoes Form as Molten Rock Erupts

3.2 Notes: Volcanoes Form as Molten Rock Erupts 3.2 Notes: Volcanoes Form as Molten Rock Erupts Think about What happens when a volcano erupts? Volcanoes erupt many types of material Earth s thin outer layer is, but most of Earth is extremely hot rock

More information

Field Trips. Field Trips

Field Trips. Field Trips Field Trips Saturday field trips have been scheduled October 9, October 23 and December 4 Last all day (9:00 AM to 4:00 PM) Bus transportation provided from campus Joint with GG101 laboratory, GG101 Section

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 10 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Factors Affecting Eruptions Factors that determine the violence of an eruption

More information

The most common elements that make up minerals are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium

The most common elements that make up minerals are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium Mineralogy: The Study of Minerals and their Properties A Mineral! Occurs! Is a! Is a substance (element or compound)! Has atoms arrange in an orderly pattern ( )! Is (not formed by any process involving

More information

Volcanoes. Presented by Kesler Science

Volcanoes. Presented by Kesler Science Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. What are the parts of a volcano? 2. What are the four types? 3. What processes form volcanoes? 4. Where are volcanoes located on earth? What is a Volcano?

More information

Goal 2.1 Forces in the Lithosphere. Volcanic Activity

Goal 2.1 Forces in the Lithosphere. Volcanic Activity Goal 2.1 Forces in the Lithosphere Volcanic Activity Lesson 3 Volcanoes, Part 1 Think About It What happens when you shake a can of soda and then open it? Focus Question How does the composition of magma

More information

Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa

Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa Fires Within: Igneous Activity Foundations, 6e - Chapter 7 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College The nature of volcanic eruptions Characteristics

More information

PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY

PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. Engineering Geology Part one 1 2nd semester 2018/2019 Eng. Amany Assouli 1 INTRODUCTION: What is the engineering

More information

C. Because the Moon was formed after a Mars-sized bolide hit the Earth about 4.5b.y. This means the Earth must have been formed before it was hit

C. Because the Moon was formed after a Mars-sized bolide hit the Earth about 4.5b.y. This means the Earth must have been formed before it was hit 1. Why do we say that the Earth is older than the Moon yet the oldest rock found in the Earth (Gneiss Complex near Great Slave Lake - 4.03b.y.) is younger than the Moon (4.47b.y.)? A. Because the Moon

More information

1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc

1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 2. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D)

More information

Introduction to volcanoes. Volcano: an opening in the earth s surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt

Introduction to volcanoes. Volcano: an opening in the earth s surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt Introduction to volcanoes Volcano: an opening in the earth s surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt Origin of Volcanoes 1. Magma 50-100 miles below the earth s surface slowly begins

More information

Ionic Coordination and Silicate Structures

Ionic Coordination and Silicate Structures Ionic Coordination and Silicate Structures Pauling s Rules A coordination polyhedron of anions forms around a cation Ionic distance determined by radii Coordination number determined by radius ratio. May

More information

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2. Based on: Earth Science, 10e

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2. Based on: Earth Science, 10e Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 2 Based on: Earth Science, 10e Minerals: the building blocks of rocks Definition of a mineral Solid Inorganic Natural Crystalline Structure - Possess an orderly

More information

1. minerals - A naturally occurring substance that takes a solid Crystal form and is made of only a single (one) type of compound

1. minerals - A naturally occurring substance that takes a solid Crystal form and is made of only a single (one) type of compound Science Name: Mr. G/Mrs. Kelly KEY Date: Study Guide - Lessons 5 and 6 Test Define the following terms: 1. minerals - A naturally occurring substance that takes a solid Crystal form and is made of only

More information

Geol 101: Physical Geology Fall 2002 EXAM 1

Geol 101: Physical Geology Fall 2002 EXAM 1 Geol 101: Physical Geology Fall 2002 EXAM 1 Write your name out in full on the scantron form and fill in the corresponding ovals to spell out your name. Also fill in your student ID number in the space

More information

WHAT IS A MAGMA. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth.

WHAT IS A MAGMA. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth. UNIT - 8 VOLCANOES WHAT IS A MAGMA Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth. In some instances, it solidifies within the crust to form plutonic

More information

Silicate Structures. Silicate Minerals: Pauling s s Rules and. Elemental Abundance in Crust. Elemental Abundance in Crust: Pauling s s Rules

Silicate Structures. Silicate Minerals: Pauling s s Rules and. Elemental Abundance in Crust. Elemental Abundance in Crust: Pauling s s Rules Silicate Minerals: Pauling s s Rules and Silicate Structures February 6, 2007 Elemental Abundance in Crust Fe Ion O 2- Si 4+ Al 3+, 3+ Ca Na + K + Mg mol % 2.6 1.4 mol% x charge 4.8 3.8 2.6 1.4 3.8 Sum

More information

When Mount St. Helens erupted, trapped gases caused the north side of the mountain to explode. Volcanic ash was ejected high into the atmosphere.

When Mount St. Helens erupted, trapped gases caused the north side of the mountain to explode. Volcanic ash was ejected high into the atmosphere. When Mount St. Helens erupted, trapped gases caused the north side of the mountain to explode. Volcanic ash was ejected high into the atmosphere. A volcano is a mountain that forms when magma reaches the

More information

Part A GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES. Name

Part A GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES. Name GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES Name Part A 1. The rough, jumbled blocky or jagged surface of a lava flow is called a. pahoehoe b. lahar c. aa d. phreatic 2. The Cascade volcanoes like Mt. St.

More information

Minerals: Minerals: Building blocks of rocks. Atomic Structure of Matter. Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 3 Outline

Minerals: Minerals: Building blocks of rocks. Atomic Structure of Matter. Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 3 Outline Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Chapter 3 Outline Does not contain complete lecture notes. To be used to help organize lecture notes and home/test studies. Minerals: Building blocks of rocks Definition

More information

Volcanoes. I Types of Volcanoes II Plutonic Activity III Plate Tectonics and Igneous Activity IV Magma and Lava V Types of Lava Flows

Volcanoes. I Types of Volcanoes II Plutonic Activity III Plate Tectonics and Igneous Activity IV Magma and Lava V Types of Lava Flows Volcanoes I Types of Volcanoes II Plutonic Activity III Plate Tectonics and Igneous Activity IV Magma and Lava V Types of Lava Flows 1 Some Definitions Igneous refers to processes and rocks involving or

More information

Chapter 7: Volcanoes 8/18/2014. Section 1 (Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics) 8 th Grade. Ring of Fire

Chapter 7: Volcanoes 8/18/2014. Section 1 (Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics) 8 th Grade. Ring of Fire Section 1 (Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics) Chapter 7: Volcanoes 8 th Grade Ring of Fire a major belt of es that rims the Pacific Ocean Volcanic belts form along the boundaries of Earth s plates as they

More information

Study guide chapter 9

Study guide chapter 9 Study guide chapter 9 1. What are the three ways solid mantle material can change phase to a liquid? Associate a boundary/hot spot to each way mantle material changes phase. 1. A decrease in pressure which

More information

Quiz 1. 3) Which of the following planetary bodies has the least number of impact craters on its surface? A) Mercury B) Mars C) the Moon D) Earth

Quiz 1. 3) Which of the following planetary bodies has the least number of impact craters on its surface? A) Mercury B) Mars C) the Moon D) Earth Quiz 1 1) Earth's atmosphere is unique among the moons and planets in that A) it has a nitrogen (N2) rich atmosphere. B) it is rich in oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2). C) it is rich in carbon dioxide because

More information

MINERALS TAKE HOME QUIZ

MINERALS TAKE HOME QUIZ NAME 1. Which is an accurate statement about rocks? A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth. B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several

More information

Overview of Ch. 4. I. The nature of volcanic eruptions 9/19/2011. Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Chapter 4 or 5

Overview of Ch. 4. I. The nature of volcanic eruptions 9/19/2011. Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Chapter 4 or 5 Overview of Ch. 4 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Chapter 4 or 5 I. Nature of Volcanic Eruptions II. Materials Extruded from a Volcano III.Types of Volcanoes IV.Volcanic Landforms V. Plutonic (intrusive)

More information

Ms. Terry J. Boroughs American River College Geology 300 Introduction to Geological Concepts and/or Principles and Minerals

Ms. Terry J. Boroughs American River College Geology 300 Introduction to Geological Concepts and/or Principles and Minerals DATE DUE: Name: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs American River College Geology 300 Introduction to Geological Concepts and/or Principles and Minerals Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the

More information

Thursday, October 4 th

Thursday, October 4 th Thursday, October 4 th Objective: We will use and define the different ways to classify igneous rocks. Warm-up: 1. Which type of lava is most viscous? 2. Which type of lava has the least amount of silicate?

More information

Igneous Rocks. Igneous Rocks. Genetic Classification of

Igneous Rocks. Igneous Rocks. Genetic Classification of Igneous Rocks Fig. 5.1 Genetic Classification of Igneous Rocks Intrusive: crystallized from slowly cooling magma intruded within the Earth s crust; e.g. granite, gabbro 1 Fig. 5.2 Genetic Classification

More information

3/24/2016. Geology 12 Mr. M. Gauthier 24 March 2016

3/24/2016. Geology 12 Mr. M. Gauthier 24 March 2016 Geology 12 Mr. M. Gauthier 24 March 2016 Introduction: Mt. St. Helens Before 1980 Mt. St Helens, in Southern Washington State, had not erupted since 1857 On March 27,1980 minor ashand eruptions were due

More information

10/8/15. Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks. I) Minerals. Minerals. (A) Definition: Topics: -- naturally occurring What are minerals?

10/8/15. Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks. I) Minerals. Minerals. (A) Definition: Topics: -- naturally occurring What are minerals? minerals Earth Materials Minerals and Rocks I) Minerals Minerals Topics: What are minerals? Basic Chemistry Amethysts in geode: minerals Characteristics of Minerals Types of Minerals -- orderly arrangement

More information

Apr 20 2:26 PM. the opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt. the landform that develops around this opening

Apr 20 2:26 PM. the opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt. the landform that develops around this opening Volcanoes Cleveland Volcano, Alaska, May 2006 Taken from the ISS Apr 20 2:26 PM The term volcano can refer to two things: 1. the opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt

More information

5. If you plot the location of volcanoes and earthquakes on a world map what do you see?

5. If you plot the location of volcanoes and earthquakes on a world map what do you see? Packet #8 Volcanoes & Minerals Name per Reading Guide: Chapter 13.1 (Read & study pages 319-325) 3a Students will know the properties of the 3 types of volcanoes 1. Define Magma: 2. What is volcanism?

More information

Plate tectonics, rock cycle

Plate tectonics, rock cycle Dikes, Antarctica Rock Cycle Plate tectonics, rock cycle The Rock Cycle A rock is a naturally formed, consolidated material usually composed of grains of one or more minerals The rock cycle shows how one

More information

GEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Five: Volcanoes Background Reading: Volcanoes Volcanic Terms: Silca:

GEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Five: Volcanoes Background Reading: Volcanoes Volcanic Terms: Silca: Name: Date: GEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Five: Volcanoes Background Reading: Volcanoes Volcanic Terms: Silca: SiO 2 silicon dioxide. This is quartz when it crystallizes.

More information

Minerals. Gypsum Crystals - Mexico

Minerals. Gypsum Crystals - Mexico Minerals Gypsum Crystals - Mexico Rocks Rocks are Earth materials made from minerals. Most rocks have more than one kind of mineral. Example: Granite Potassium feldspar. Plagioclase Feldspar. Quartz. Hornblende.

More information

Introduction to Earth s s Spheres The Benchmark

Introduction to Earth s s Spheres The Benchmark Introduction to Earth s s Spheres The Benchmark Volcanism Volcanic eruptions Effusive: lavas (e.g., Kilauea) Volcanism Volcanic eruptions Explosive: pyroclastic rocks (e.g., Krakatau) Factors Governing

More information

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. Volcanoes and Eruption Types. By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner. Chapter 9 Volcanism and Other

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. Volcanoes and Eruption Types. By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner. Chapter 9 Volcanism and Other Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 9 Volcanism and Other Igneous Processes Volcanoes types and effects of eruption Chapter Overview Melting and cooling of rocks Geological

More information

Magma. Objectives. Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary.

Magma. Objectives. Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary. Magma Objectives Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary viscosity Magma Magma The ash that spews from some volcanoes can form

More information

GEOLOGY. What is geology?

GEOLOGY. What is geology? GEOLOGY What is geology? It is essentially the study of the earth and it s dynamic processes. Features and processes of rocks, the earth s interior and surface. Structure of the Earth Made up of three

More information

Lecture 3: Earth Materials and their Properties I: Minerals. Introduction to the Earth System EAS 2200

Lecture 3: Earth Materials and their Properties I: Minerals. Introduction to the Earth System EAS 2200 Lecture 3: Earth Materials and their Properties I: Minerals Introduction to the Earth System EAS 2200 Earth Materials Plan of the Why it matters Nature of the Earth/Composition The Solid Earth Mineral

More information

300 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS

300 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 300 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Use GEOLOGIC VOCABULARY where APPLICABLE!

More information

Earth Materials. The Crust and its Composition. Igneous Rocks. Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks. The Cycle of Rock Change

Earth Materials. The Crust and its Composition. Igneous Rocks. Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks. The Cycle of Rock Change Earth Materials The Crust and its Composition Igneous Rocks Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks The Cycle of Rock Change The Crust and its Composition oxygen and silicon account for about

More information

Volcano. Magma. Lava. weak spot in crust where magma and gases come up. molten mixture of rockforming

Volcano. Magma. Lava. weak spot in crust where magma and gases come up. molten mixture of rockforming Volcanoes Volcano weak spot in crust where magma and gases come up Magma Lava molten mixture of rockforming substance, gases, water from the mantle Magma that flows onto earth surface forms solid rock

More information